CN105766622A - Seed selection method of environment-friendly type early rice variety - Google Patents
Seed selection method of environment-friendly type early rice variety Download PDFInfo
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- CN105766622A CN105766622A CN201610200940.4A CN201610200940A CN105766622A CN 105766622 A CN105766622 A CN 105766622A CN 201610200940 A CN201610200940 A CN 201610200940A CN 105766622 A CN105766622 A CN 105766622A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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Abstract
The invention provides a seed selection method of an environment-friendly type early rice variety. The seed selection method comprises the following steps: preparing a low-fertilizer large field and a fertility controllable strip-shaped water tank; carrying out F2 high-density planting and screening; carrying out F3 and F6 low-fertilizer large field and high-fertilizer water planting at the same time; selecting excellent single strains in strains with high fertilizer efficiency and high and stable yield when the strains are planted under low-fertilizer and high-fertilizer conditions; carrying out F7 low-fertilizer large field and conventional fertilization horizontal water planting at the same time; and selecting set strains with high yield, good resistance and high fertilizer efficiency. The environment-friendly type early rice variety obtained by the invention can also obtain a relatively high yield under the low-fertilizer condition; and the investment and application of fertilizers in a rice growth process can be effectively reduced and the seed selection method has very important meanings on alleviation on environment pollution problems caused by the fact that excessive fertilizers are used due to high-yield requirements.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rice breeding technology field, be specifically related to the selection of a kind of environmentally friendly early-paddy brown rice.
Background technology
" environmentally friendly " early-paddy brown rice refers to that the resistance to low fertilizer of kind itself, utilization rate of fertilizer are high, relative high yield can be obtained under low fertile and high rich water is flat, thus the fertile amount that only needs in growth course that less input, high yield can be obtained without the early-paddy brown rice causing soil and water pollution because of fertilizer surplus.Being relative to obtain high yield, it is necessary to put into a large amount of fertilizer, but because kind self utilization rate of fertilizer is low, a large amount of fertilizer are not absorbed and used and cause the early-paddy brown rice of environmental pollution.
In China, due to populous brought Food Security and foodgrain self-sufficiency problem facing challenges, for a long time, in order to devote exclusive attention to output, fertilizer is excessively used by a large amount of.The China arable land to account for the world 9% has spent the chemical fertilizer in the world 1/3 according to statistics, and unit are consumption is 3.7 times of world average level, and the grain that per kilogram fertilizer increases production is not as good as the 1/2 of the world.The consumption of fertilizer is still in rising trend, uses the soil that causes low with absorption rate because fertilizer is excessive and water pollution situation is constantly aggravated.
In the long term, low consumption, the main trend that efficient, Agriculture Ecological Environment Protection is world agriculture development.Executive Meeting of the State Council in 2015 has been passed through " National Agricultural Sustainable Development Planning ", particularly strong adjusts and reduce few chemical fertilizer, the applications of pesticide.The Ministry of Agriculture also formally gives notice, and title will start enforcement chemical fertilizer, Pesticide use amount zero growth rate action in China.And for a long time, China's rice breeding gives more sustained attention the growth of yield, it being consumed and pollutes attention degree not, the kind selected is weak to low fertilizer, and utilization rate of fertilizer is low.Once strictly control Term Fertilization, yield can be caused to die-off, affect staple food supply.And what solve this problem is the selection-breeding that efficiently utilizes rice varieties of resistance to low fertilizer, fertilizer at all.
Forefathers' research shows, the fertilizer demand amount of rice varieties and utilization rate have bigger difference between indica rice, even same type of rice varieties, fertilizer tolerability and utilization rate of fertilizer there is also larger difference.Thus, utilize breeding technique to screen and cultivate resistance to low fertilizer, new rice variety that fertilizer efficiency is high is feasible.At present, the research of the resistance to low fertile kind of the genetic potential selection-breeding how utilizing crop self is carried out, it appears particularly urgent.
Summary of the invention
For prior art Problems existing, it is an object of the invention to design provides the selection of a kind of environmentally friendly early-paddy brown rice.
The selection of a kind of environmentally friendly early-paddy brown rice, comprises the following steps:
1) prepared by Rice Cropping environment:
1. low loose field: choose soil available nitrogen content less than 72mg/kg, the available phosphorus contents rice field less than 13mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium content low fertility level less than 57mg/kg, the soil layer of its surface 0-30cm has been taken, dry, remove foreign material, sieve, mixing, then uniform fold is in this rice field, standby；
2. the inner stripe pond, solarium that fertility needed for water planting is controlled: build inner stripe pond, solarium, it is possible to be arranged as required to fertility level, fill life tap water, standby；
3. the conventional horizontal land for growing field crops of medium fertility: preparation mu in the time of infertility executes purity nitrogen 9kg, pure phosphorus 3kg, the field of pure potassium 6kg；
2) choosing and select 181 in the rice varieties that cold tolerance at the seedling stage is strong for female parent, early growth and quick tiller kind is good educates 253 as male parent, hybridizes, obtains F1；In step 1) described in the horizontal field planting F of conventional medium fertility1, it is thus achieved that F2Seed；
3) by F2Colony single this plant in step 1) described in the horizontal land for growing field crops of conventional medium fertility, plant by the seeding row spacing high density of 10*13.2cm, plant 5000 strains, period of maturation is by estimating the individual plant 500 selecting competitiveness strong, namely the individual plant indoor threshing that tiller is strong, fringe type is relatively big, plant base portion is delicate and pretty measures single plant yield, the individual plant 150 that selected yield is high, is divided into 2 parts by finally selected each individual plant grain, prepares plantation F3；
4) plantation F3Strain, by step 3) in be divided into 2 parts wherein 1 part plant in step 1) described in low loose Tanaka, seeding row spacing is the conventional seeding row spacing of 13.3*20cm, and every strain plants 9 strain * 6 strains/row totally 54 strain, does not use any fertilizer in whole period of duration；Plant in step 1 for another 1 part) described in inner stripe pond, solarium in, carry out water planting, the conventional seeding row spacing design of 13.3*20cm is pressed in Seedling hole on fixing Seedling dish, every strain plants 9 strain * 6 strains/row for 54 strains, arranging high fertility level, mu executes purity nitrogen 18kg, pure phosphorus 6kg, pure potassium 12kg, the fertilizing time in bar shaped pond is with conventional land for growing field crops；Period of maturation calculates each strain fertilizer efficiency %, fertilizer efficiency % loose real estate amount/strain height fertilizer bar shaped pond yield low equal to strain, select fertilizer efficiency height and when low fertilizer and height fertilizer, all show the strain of high yield, stable yields, in conjunction with resistance, strain Leaf pattern, elite plant strain selects the individual plant of excellence, the grain of each selected individual plant is taken off, it is divided into 2 parts, prepares plantation F4；
5) in step 1) described in the conventional big Tanaka of medium fertility level plant F4-F5, carry out adding generation stable, seeding row spacing and seedling number per hole and step 4) and identical, in conjunction with yield, resistance, setting percentage, strain Leaf pattern, period of duration, select the strain done very well, from elite plant strain, select elite seedling, after often selected individual plant threshing, it is divided into 2 parts, continues to add generation stable；
6) in the inner stripe pond, solarium of low loose field and high fertility level, F is planted respectively6, plant specification and the same step 4) of fertility, carry out low loose field and high rich water trains the screening of dual fertility, in conjunction with yield, resistance, select fertilizer efficiency high, and in low loose field and the training of high rich water, all show the strain of excellence, therefrom select elite seedling, prepare plantation F7；
7) in the bar shaped pond, solarium of low loose field and conventional fertilizer force level, F is planted respectively7, bar shaped pond, solarium mu executes purity nitrogen 9kg, pure phosphorus 3kg, pure potassium 6kg, and the period of maturation measures yield, resistance, fertilizer efficiency, selects yield height, better resistance, sizing strain that fertilizer efficiency is high, namely obtains environmentally friendly early-paddy brown rice.
Further, described step 1) choose the Semen Tritici aestivi that proving ground, China Paddy Rice Inst Fuyang passes through rice cultivation in summer for continuous 3 years, winter planting's consumption fertilizer amount is big, period does not use any fertilizer, carrying out soil fertility consumption, the low field of artificial implantation fertility level is as the rice field of low fertility level.
Further, described step 4) and step 6) described in F3、F6Cultivating to plant carry out simultaneously in low loose field and high rich water, fertilizer efficiency, as primary selection gist, selects the strain that fertilizer efficiency is high, therefrom selects elite seedling.
The environmentally friendly early-paddy brown rice that the present invention obtains, also relative high yield can be obtained under low fertile condition, effectively reducing the input of fertilizer in paddy growth process and use, alleviate and put into, because of high yield demand, the problem of environmental pollution that fertilizer too much causes, tool is of great significance.
The subordinate list 1 country rice industry technical system post scientist Zhou Wei researcher the selection result to the efficient kind of nitrogen in 2014
Note: nitrogen efficiency=nitrogen stress processes yield/Nitrogen applications yield；The significance of difference analysis (P < 0.05) between lower different cultivars is processed with the same nitrogens of letter representation different after column data
The subordinate list 2 country rice industry technical system post scientist Zhou Wei researcher the selection result to phosphorus efficiency kind in 2014
Note: nitrogen efficiency=nitrogen stress processes yield/Nitrogen applications yield；Significance of difference analysis (P < 0.05) between lower different cultivars is processed with the same nitrogens of letter representation different after column data.
The subordinate list 3. country rice industry technical system post scientist Zhu Defeng researcher the selection result to low-kalium resistant kind in 2013
Note: evaluation index potassium element sensitivity coefficient (PSC) and potassium element Sensitivity Index (PSI), PSC=executes potassium and processes yield/do not execute potassium and process yield；
PSI=PSC* (all kinds are not executed average product/the do not execute potassium that potassium processes and processed yield).
Detailed description of the invention
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly, below technical scheme in the present invention be clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is a part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art obtain under not making creative work premise, broadly fall into the scope of protection of the invention.
The selection of a kind of environmentally friendly early-paddy brown rice, comprises the following steps:
1) prepared by Rice Cropping environment:
1. low loose field: choose the Semen Tritici aestivi that proving ground, China Paddy Rice Inst Fuyang passes through rice cultivation in summer for continuous 3 years, winter planting's consumption fertilizer amount is big, period does not use any fertilizer, to carry out soil fertility consumption, the field one piece that artificial implantation fertility level is low, 1.25 mu of about 833m of area2, after measured, available nitrogen (alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen), rapid available phosphorus (P2O5), available potassium (K2O) content respectively 72mg/kg, 13mg/kg, 57mg/kg soil, for low fertility level.The soil layer of surface 0-30cm is taken, has dried, removed foreign material, sieve, mixing, then uniform fold is at this 833m2Rice field in, standby.
2. the inner stripe pond, solarium that fertility needed for water planting is controlled: country of China Paddy Rice Inst improvement bar shaped pond, central network indoor, can be arranged as required to fertility level, fill life tap water, standby.
3. the conventional horizontal land for growing field crops of medium fertility: proving ground, China Paddy Rice Inst Fuyang field, the time of infertility, mu executed purity nitrogen 9kg, pure phosphorus 3kg, pure potassium 6kg (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=3:1:2).
2) choosing and select 181 in the rice varieties that cold tolerance at the seedling stage is strong for female parent, early growth and quick tiller kind is good educates 253 as male parent, hybridizes, obtains F1；1) in 3. described conventional fertilizer force level plantation F1, it is thus achieved that F2Seed；
3)F2Single this of colony is planted in 1) in 3. described conventional fertilizer force level land for growing field crops, plant by the seeding row spacing high density of 10*13.2cm, plant 5000 strains, period of maturation is by estimating the individual plant 500 selecting competitiveness strong, namely the individual plant indoor threshing that tiller is strong, fringe type is relatively big, plant base portion is delicate and pretty measures single plant yield, the individual plant 150 that selected yield is high, is divided into 2 parts by finally selected each individual plant grain, prepares plantation F3；
4) plantation F3Strain, by 2) in be divided into 2 parts wherein 1 part plant in 1) in 1. described low loose Tanaka, seeding row spacing is the conventional seeding row spacing of 13.3*20cm, and every strain plants 9 strain * 6 strains/row=54 strain, does not use any fertilizer in whole period of duration；Plant in 1 for another 1 part) in 2. described inner stripe pond, solarium, carry out water planting, the conventional seeding row spacing design of 13.3*20cm is pressed in Seedling hole on fixing Seedling dish, every strain plants 9 strain * 6 strains/row=54 strain, arranging high fertility level, mu executes purity nitrogen 18kg, pure phosphorus 6kg, pure potassium 12kg (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=3:1:2), the fertilizing time in bar shaped pond is with conventional land for growing field crops；Period of maturation calculates the low loose real estate amount/strain height fertilizer bar shaped pond yield of each strain fertilizer efficiency %=strain, select fertilizer efficiency height and when low fertilizer and height fertilizer, all show the strain of high yield, stable yields, in conjunction with resistance, strain Leaf pattern, elite plant strain selects the individual plant of excellence, the grain of each selected individual plant is taken off, is divided into 2 parts, prepare plantation F4；
5) 1) in the 3. described conventional big Tanaka of medium fertility level plant F4-F5, it is stable to carry out adding generation, and seeding row spacing and seedling number per hole are with 4), in conjunction with yield, resistance, setting percentage, strain Leaf pattern, period of duration, select the strain done very well, from elite plant strain, select elite seedling, after often selected individual plant threshing, it is divided into 2 parts, continues to add generation stable；
6) in low loose field and height fertilizer bar shaped pond, F is planted respectively6, plant specification and fertility same 4), carry out low loose field and high rich water trains the screening of dual fertility, in conjunction with yield, resistance, selection fertilizer efficiency height, and in low loose field and the training of high rich water, all show the strain of excellence, therefrom select elite seedling, F is planted in preparation7；
7) in the bar shaped pond, solarium of low loose field and conventional fertilizer force level, F is planted respectively7, bar shaped pond, solarium mu executes purity nitrogen 9kg, pure phosphorus 3kg, pure potassium 6kg (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=3:1:2), period of maturation measures yield, resistance, fertilizer efficiency, selects yield height, better resistance, sizing strain that fertilizer efficiency is high, namely obtains good morning 17 in " environmentally friendly " early-paddy brown rice.
Described step 1) described in breeding environment be low loose field and inner stripe pond, solarium, fertility level is controlled, can low fertilizer can be high fertile；
Described step 3) described at F2In generation, carries out high-density planting screening.
In described environmentally friendly early-paddy brown rice good early 17 selection, it is characterised in that described step 4), 6) described in F3、F6Cultivating to plant carry out simultaneously in low loose field and high rich water, fertilizer efficiency, as primary selection gist, selects the strain that fertilizer efficiency is high, therefrom selects elite seedling.
In described environmentally friendly early-paddy brown rice good early 17 selection, it is characterised in that described step 7) described in F7Carry out in low loose field and conventional fertility water planting plantation simultaneously, select yield height, better resistance, sizing strain that fertilizer efficiency rate is high.
Last it is noted that above example is only in order to illustrate technical scheme, it is not intended to limit；Although the present invention being described in detail with reference to previous embodiment, it will be understood by those within the art that: the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments still can be modified by it, or wherein portion of techniques feature is carried out equivalent replacement；And these amendments or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the spirit and scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.
Claims (3)
1. the selection of an environmentally friendly early-paddy brown rice, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
1) prepared by Rice Cropping environment:
1. low loose field: choose soil available nitrogen content less than 72mg/kg, the available phosphorus contents rice field less than 13mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium content low fertility level less than 57mg/kg, the soil layer of its surface 0-30cm has been taken, dry, remove foreign material, sieve, mixing, then uniform fold is in this rice field, standby；
2. the inner stripe pond, solarium that fertility needed for water planting is controlled: build inner stripe pond, solarium, it is possible to be arranged as required to fertility level, fill life tap water, standby；
3. the conventional horizontal land for growing field crops of medium fertility: preparation mu in the time of infertility executes purity nitrogen 9kg, pure phosphorus 3kg, the field of pure potassium 6kg；
2) choosing and select 181 in the rice varieties that cold tolerance at the seedling stage is strong for female parent, early growth and quick tiller kind is good educates 253 as male parent, hybridizes, obtains F1；In step 1) described in the horizontal field planting F of conventional medium fertility1, it is thus achieved that F2Seed；
3) by F2Colony single this plant in step 1) described in the horizontal land for growing field crops of conventional medium fertility, plant by the seeding row spacing high density of 10*13.2cm, plant 5000 strains, period of maturation is by estimating the individual plant 500 selecting competitiveness strong, namely the individual plant indoor threshing that tiller is strong, fringe type is relatively big, plant base portion is delicate and pretty measures single plant yield, the individual plant 150 that selected yield is high, is divided into 2 parts by finally selected each individual plant grain, prepares plantation F3；
4) plantation F3Strain, by step 3) in be divided into 2 parts wherein 1 part plant in step 1) described in low loose Tanaka, seeding row spacing is the conventional seeding row spacing of 13.3*20cm, and every strain plants 9 strain * 6 strains/row totally 54 strain, does not use any fertilizer in whole period of duration；Plant in step 1 for another 1 part) described in inner stripe pond, solarium in, carry out water planting, the conventional seeding row spacing design of 13.3*20cm is pressed in Seedling hole on fixing Seedling dish, every strain plants 9 strain * 6 strains/row for 54 strains, arranging high fertility level, mu executes purity nitrogen 18kg, pure phosphorus 6kg, pure potassium 12kg, the fertilizing time in bar shaped pond is with conventional land for growing field crops；Period of maturation calculates each strain fertilizer efficiency %, fertilizer efficiency % loose real estate amount/strain height fertilizer bar shaped pond yield low equal to strain, select fertilizer efficiency height and when low fertilizer and height fertilizer, all show the strain of high yield, stable yields, in conjunction with resistance, strain Leaf pattern, elite plant strain selects the individual plant of excellence, the grain of each selected individual plant is taken off, it is divided into 2 parts, prepares plantation F4；
5) in step 1) described in the conventional big Tanaka of medium fertility level plant F4-F5, carry out adding generation stable, seeding row spacing and seedling number per hole and step 4) and identical, in conjunction with yield, resistance, setting percentage, strain Leaf pattern, period of duration, select the strain done very well, from elite plant strain, select elite seedling, after often selected individual plant threshing, it is divided into 2 parts, continues to add generation stable；
6) in the inner stripe pond, solarium of low loose field and high fertility level, F is planted respectively6, plant specification and the same step 4) of fertility, carry out low loose field and high rich water trains the screening of dual fertility, in conjunction with yield, resistance, select fertilizer efficiency high, and in low loose field and the training of high rich water, all show the strain of excellence, therefrom select elite seedling, prepare plantation F7；
7) in the bar shaped pond, solarium of low loose field and conventional fertilizer force level, F is planted respectively7, bar shaped pond, solarium mu executes purity nitrogen 9kg, pure phosphorus 3kg, pure potassium 6kg, and the period of maturation measures yield, resistance, fertilizer efficiency, selects yield height, better resistance, sizing strain that fertilizer efficiency is high, namely obtains environmentally friendly early-paddy brown rice.
2. the selection of environmentally friendly early-paddy brown rice as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 1) choose the Semen Tritici aestivi that proving ground, China Paddy Rice Inst Fuyang passes through rice cultivation in summer for continuous 3 years, winter planting's consumption fertilizer amount is big, period does not use any fertilizer, carrying out soil fertility consumption, the low field of artificial implantation fertility level is as the rice field of low fertility level.
3. the selection of environmentally friendly early-paddy brown rice as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described step 4) and step 6) described in F3、F6Cultivating to plant carry out simultaneously in low loose field and high rich water, fertilizer efficiency, as primary selection gist, selects the strain that fertilizer efficiency is high, therefrom selects elite seedling.
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| CN113661920A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-11-19 | 河南省作物分子育种研究院 | Nitrogen-phosphorus efficient wheat variety breeding method |
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| CN107041297A (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2017-08-15 | 亳州市农业科学研究院 | A kind of high yield, the selection of wide adaptation type new variety of wheat and application |
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