CN105763359B - 用于交织结构交换机集群的分布式双向转发检测协议(d-bfd) - Google Patents
用于交织结构交换机集群的分布式双向转发检测协议(d-bfd) Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
提供了用于交织结构交换机集群的分布式双向转发检测协议。本发明的一个实施例提供了包含被适配为接收分组的一个或多个端口的交换机。该交换机是互连交换机网络的成员,并且还包含路径监视装置,该路径监视装置被适配为:响应于在预定时间间隔内与会话相关联的控制分组,将交换机的接收指示符设置为活动状态;并且响应于在预定时间间隔内不存在与会话相关联的控制分组,将交换机的接收指示符设置为非活动状态。路径监视装置还被适配为基于交换机和其它成员交换机的接收指示符来设置与会话相关联的路径状态。该交换机还包含广播装置,该广播装置被适配为向其它成员交换机至少广播交换机的接收指示符。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求以下申请的权益:2015年1月5日提交的、发明人为Pavan Kumar、PrabuThayalan、Shivalingayya Chikkamath和Mythilikanth Raman、标题为“DistributedBidirectional Forwarding Detection Protocol(D-BFD)For VCS Cluster”的美国临时申请No.62/099,983,代理案号为BRCD-3318.0.1.US.PSP,其公开内容通过引用并入本文。
本公开与下列申请有关:2011年4月14日提交的、发明人为Suresh Vobbilisetty和Dilip Chatwani、标题为“Virtual Cluster Switching”的美国专利申请No.13/087,239,代理案号为BRCD-3008.1.US.NP,此后引用该美国专利申请的编号13/087,239(此后称为“U.S.Pat.App.No.13/087,239”);2011年4月22日提交的、发明人为Shiv Haris和Phanidhar Koganti、标题为“Fabric Formation for Virtual Cluster Switching”的美国专利申请No.13/092,724,代理案号为BRCD-3010.1.US.NP(此后称为“U.S.Pat.App.No.13/092,724”);以及2014年3月4日提交的、发明人为Somesh Gupta、Anoop Ghanwani、Phanidhar Koganti和Shunjia Yu、标题为“Redundant Host Connectionin a Routed Network”的美国专利申请No.8,665,886,代理案号为BRCD-112-0439US(此后称为“U.S.Pat.App.No.8,665,886”),上述各个申请公开的内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本公开涉及网络管理。更具体地,本公开涉及用于在分布式架构中基于双向转发检测(BFD)协议来检测转发路径故障的方法和系统。
背景技术
互联网的指数式增长已经使其成为用于诸如视频点播和电视等多媒体应用的受欢迎的传递介质。这些应用自身具有不断增长的带宽需求。因此,设备提供商加速构建具有诸如服务插入和提供的各种各样的能力的更大且更快的交换机,从而更有效地来移动更多业务。然而,交换机的尺寸不能无限地增长。举几个因素而言,其受到物理空间、功耗、以及设计复杂度等的限制。而且,具有更高能力的交换机通常更复杂且更昂贵。更为重要的是,因为过于庞大和复杂的系统通常不能带来规模效益,所以,归因于每个端口上不断增长的成本,简单地增大交换机的尺寸和处理能力可以证明经济上不可行。
改善交换系统的可扩展性的一种灵活的方式是,构建交织结构(fabric)交换机。交织结构交换机是指诸如互连交换机网络的个体成员交换机的集合。这些成员交换机构成了单个逻辑交换机,该逻辑交换机可以具有任意数目的地端口和任意拓扑。随着需求的增长,客户可以采用“按需扩展”的方式来升级交织结构交换机的能力。
与此同时,层2(例如,以太网)交换技术也继续发展。更多类似于路由的功能,传统上是层3(例如,互联网协议或IP)网络中的特性,正在迁入层2中。因为互联网业务正变得更加多样化,所以,作为网络架构的价值主张的网络中的虚拟计算也日益变得更加重要。例如,传统的双向转发检测(BFD)协议是用来快速检测相邻的转发引擎(例如,通过链路连接的两个转发引擎)或两个相连接口之间的错误的网络协议。可以建立两个端点之间的BFD会话,该两个端点在预先协商的间隔上通过特定的链路来交换BFD控制分组。在D.Katz和D.Ward于2010年6月所提出的RFC 5880,“Bidirectional Forwarding Detection”中对BFD进行了描述,其全部内容在此通过引用并入。然而,当将BFD用作诸如交织结构交换机或虚拟集群交换机(VCS)集群的分布式架构中的错误检测机制时,还有一些问题没有被解决。
发明内容
本发明的一个实施例提供了交换机。该交换机包括被适配为接收分组的一个或多个端口,其中该交换机是互连交换机网络的成员。该交换机还包括路径监视装置,该路径监视装置被适配为响应于在预定时间间隔内与会话相关联的控制分组,将交换机的接收指示符设置为活动状态。该路径监视装置还被适配为响应于在预定时间间隔内不存在与该会话相关联的控制分组,将交换机的接收指示符设置为非活动状态。该路径监视装置还被适配为基于该交换机的接收指示符以及一个或多个其它成员交换机的接收指示符来设置与该会话相关联的路径状态。该交换机还包括广播装置,该广播装置被适配为至少向一个或多个其它成员交换机广播该交换机的接收指示符。
在该实施例的一种变形中,该路径监视装置还被适配为响应于来自该另一成员交换机的、包含另一成员交换机的接收指示符的通知消息:存储另一交换机的接收指示符;并且基于该另一交换机的接收指示符来设置路径状态。
在另一种变形中,该路径监视装置还被适配为响应于来自另一成员交换机的通知消息,基于会话参数创建会话数据库,该通知消息包含会话参数和创建命令。
在另一种变形中,该交换机还包括会话数据库,其指示会话的参数并且包含下列中的一项或多项:会话标识符;源地址;目的地地址;主用机交换机标识符;该交换机和其它成员交换机的接收指示符;以及会话的路径状态。
在另一种变形中,该端口被适配为基于下列中的一项或多项来接收分组:虚拟可扩展局域网协议;通用路由封装协议;以及基于层2兼容帧的封装的隧道协议。
在另一种变形中,该广播装置还被适配为基于互联网协议来进行广播。
在另一种变形中,该交换机和其它成员交换机每个都是属于互连交换机网络的虚拟路由网桥(RBridge)。RBridge的交换机标识符是与相应交换机相关联的RBridge标识符。该广播装置还被适配为基于多链路透明互连协议来进行广播。
在该实施例的一种变形中,该交换机被指定为主用机,并且还包括被适配为基于会话参数来建立会话的会话发起器装置,该会话对应于互连交换机网络与目的地端点之间的路径,其中该会话基于双向转发检测协议。该会话发起器装置还被适配为基于会话参数创建会话数据库。该广播装置还被适配为向其它成员交换机广播该会话参数和创建命令。
在该实施例的一种变形中,该交换机包括转发装置,该转发装置被适配为构建目的地为目的地端点的控制分组。该路径监视装置还被适配为响应于确定该路径状态是非活动的,发起路径的拆除。
在另一种变形中,该交换机包括链路跟踪装置,该链路跟踪装置被适配为确定连接至下一跳核心路由器的所有接口的状态。响应于确定该状态为关闭,该链路跟踪装置被适配为向其它成员交换机中的一个成员交换机发起故障恢复并且指定新的主用机。该广播装置还被适配为向其它成员交换机广播用以将该交换机从活动负载均衡方案中去除的消息。
在另一种变形中,该链路跟踪装置还被适配为确定多个接口中的至少一个接口的状态为打开。该广播装置还被适配为向其它成员交换机广播用以将该交换机添加到活动负载均衡方案中的消息。
在另一种变形中,该链路跟踪装置还被适配为确定该主用机不能传输控制分组。该路径监视装置还被适配为触发向其它成员交换机中的一个成员交换机的故障恢复。
附图说明
图1A示出了根据本发明的实施例的、包含能够监视分布式架构中的扩展隧道的健康状况的交织结构交换机的示例环境。
图1B示出了根据本发明的实施例的、包含能够监视分布式架构中的扩展隧道的健康状况的交织结构交换机的示例环境。
图2A示出了根据本发明的实施例的、能够监视分布式架构中的扩展隧道的健康状况的交织结构交换机中的示例环境以及通信。
图2B示出了根据本发明的实施例的、对应于图2A的、由交织结构交换机中的多个成员交换机所维护的示例性的数据库结构。
图2C示出了根据本发明的实施例的、能够监视分布式架构中的扩展隧道的健康状况的交织结构交换机中的示例环境以及通信。
图2D示出了根据本发明的实施例的、对应于图2C的、由交织结构交换机中的各个成员交换机所维护的示例性的数据库结构。
图3呈现了说明根据本发明的实施例的、交织结构交换机中指定的主用机交换机监视扩展隧道的健康状况的过程的流程图。
图4A呈现了说明根据本发明的实施例的、交织结构交换机中的成员交换机从另一成员交换机接收通知消息的过程的流程图。
图4B呈现了说明根据本发明的实施例的、交织结构交换机中的成员交换机在预定的时间间隔之内从目的地设备接收或不接收BFD控制分组的过程的流程图。
图5呈现了说明根据本发明的实施例的、交织结构交换机中的成员交换机监视扩展隧道的健康状况的过程的流程图。
图6呈现了说明根据本发明的实施例的、主用机交换机用于跟踪链路和发起故障恢复的过程的流程图。
图7A呈现了说明根据本发明的实施例的、交换机加入交织结构交换机的过程的流程图。
图7B呈现了说明根据本发明的实施例的、成员交换机离开交织结构交换机的过程的流程图。
图8示出了根据本发明的实施例的、能够在分布式架构中监视扩展隧道的健康状况的示例交换机。
在附图中,相似的参考数字表示相同的附图元素。
具体实施方式
呈现以下描述,从而使本领域的任何技术人员都能够实现和使用本发明,而且所述描述是在特定应用及其相关联需求的背景下提供的。本领域的技术人员可以很容易地想到所公开的实施例的各种修改,而且本文所定义的总体规则可以被应用于其它实施例和应用而不背离本发明的精神和范围。因此,本发明不限于所示出的各个实施例,而是应符合与权利要求一致的最宽的范围。
概述
在本发明的各个实施例中,通过指定会话的主用机交换机、并且允许每个成员交换机基于所接收的BFD控制分组来同步和维护其自身的会话实例,解决了基于BFD来监视分布式架构(诸如交织结构交换机)中的扩展隧道的健康状况的问题。主用机交换机能够与目的地端点建立BFD会话,向所有其它成员交换机广播会话参数,并且在预定间隔之内向目的地端点传输BFD控制分组。在传统的点对点的非分布式架构中,单个源节点可以与单个目的地端点建立BFD会话。源节点在预定间隔之内将BFD控制分组发送给单个目的地节点,并且进行等待以接收(或不接收)返回BFD控制分组,该返回BFD控制分组指示源节点和目的地节点之间的活动(或非活动)路径。然而,在分布式架构(诸如包含多个成员交换机的源交织结构交换机)中,每个成员交换机可能需要通过每个可能的通信路径与一个目的地端点(或如果目的地节点同样是交织结构交换机则与多个目的地端点)建立个体BFD会话。在一个通信路径上,目的地端点可能位于源交织结构交换机(例如,数据中心核心或WAN)的多跳之外,而交织结构交换机中的多个成员交换机能够共享相同的虚拟IP地址。因此,在分布式架构中所建立的BFD会话的数目可能会随着利用相同的源虚拟IP地址所配置的虚拟实体群组的数目或虚拟可扩展局域网(VXLAN)隧道的数目而指数增长。
而且,因为交织结构交换机中的多个成员交换机共享虚拟IP地址并且对于外部网络呈现单个逻辑交换机视图,所以,进行发送的成员交换机能够向目的地端点发送具有会话标识符的BFD控制分组,另外的(非所有者)成员交换机能够接收该BFD控制分组。非所有者成员交换机可以确定所接收到的BFD控制分组的会话标识符与该非所有者成员交换机所维护的任何会话都不匹配,而且该非所有者成员交换机可以丢弃该BFD控制分组。进行发送的成员交换机,没有接收到针对该会话的BFD控制分组,可能错误地确定该会话是非活动的,并且发起会话的拆除,即使在非所有者成员交换机上存在适当的通信路径时也是如此。
为了解决这些不足,本发明的各个实施例提供了一种系统,该系统基于分布式架构中的BFD转发路径检测算法(本文将其称作分布式双向转发检测(D-BFD)协议)、在每个成员交换机上都运行BFD状态机。系统指定用于特定BFD会话的主用机交换机(“BFD主用机交”),同时允许其余的成员交换机(“BFD备用机”)充当同一个BFD会话的备用机交换机。可以基于诸如网关优先级配置、活动链路的数目、和/或到目的地IP的下一跳可达性的参数来选择BFD主用机。可以为不同的会话选择不同的BFD主用机,并且这些不同的BFD主用机可以驻留于多个成员交换机中的任何一个成员交换机上。在操作期间,BFD主用机使用源IP地址和目的地IP地址对的唯一会话标识符来与目的地端点建立新的BFD会话。在发起会话之前,BFD主用机以D-BFD协议向所有参与的成员交换机通告新会话的参数,而且所有的BFD备用机都基于会话参数来初始化会话实例。BFD主机随后与目的地端点建立BFD会话,并且基于会话参数来初始化其自身的会话实例。
BFD主用机在预定时间间隔之内向目的地端点发送会话的BFD控制分组。每个成员交换机(例如,BFD主用机和所有的BFD备用机)跟踪对返回BFD控制分组的接收。在预定的时间间隔之内接收(或没有接收)到返回BFD控制分组之后,每个成员交换机都向其它所有的成员交换机广播通知消息。每个成员交换机都可以基于这些通知消息,通过将路径(例如,特定BFD会话)的状态设置为活动状态或非活动状态来更新其自身的会话实例。通过这种方式,BFD主用机获知特定BFD会话是活动的还是非活动的,并且能够相应地进行动作。例如,如果确定BFD会话是非活动的,那么BFD主用机能够发起路径的拆除。在一些实施例中,BFD主用机还能够跟踪连接至BFD主用机的各个接口的状态。如果确定所有接口的状态都是关闭的,那么BFD主用机就能够通过指定新的主用机交换机并将该事件通知给其它所有的成员交换机来发起故障恢复。在下文中结合图6对跟踪链路和发起故障恢复进行了描述。
应注意,交织结构交换机与传统的交换机堆叠不同。在交换机堆叠中,基于特定的拓扑在公共位置(通常在同一个机架内)互连多个交换机,并且是以特定方式进行手动配置。这些堆叠的交换机通常共享诸如IP地址的公共地址,因此,这些堆叠的交换机可以在外部被解析为单个交换机。而且,交换机堆叠需要端口和交换机之间的链路数量巨大的手动配置。对手动配置的需要阻止了交换机堆叠成为构建大规模交换系统的可行的选择。交换机堆叠所施加的拓扑的限制还限制了可以被堆叠的交换机的数目。这是因为,设计出允许整个交换带宽随着交换单元的数目充分扩展的堆叠拓扑即使不是不可能,也是非常困难的。
相反,交织结构交换机可以包含具有个体地址的任意数目的交换机,可以基于任意的拓扑,并且不需要大量的手动配置。交换机可以驻留于同一位置,或者可以分布在不同的位置。这些特征克服了交换机堆叠的固有限制,并且使得构建大的“交换机机群”成为可能,“交换机机群”可以被看作是单个逻辑交换机。由于交织结构交换机的自动配置能力,个体物理交换机可以动态地加入或离开交织结构交换机而不会扰乱网络中的其余部分的服务。
而且,交织结构交换机的自动和动态配置能力允许网络运营商在不牺牲扩展能力的情况下,以分布式和“按需扩展”的形式来构建自己的交换系统。交织结构交换机对变化的网络状况的响应能力,使其成为了网络负载经常随时间而改变的虚拟计算环境中的理想解决方案。
还应注意,交织结构交换机与虚拟局域网(VLAN)也不同。交织结构交换机能够容纳多个VLAN。VLAN通常通过VLAN标记进行标识。相对地,交织结构交换机通过分配给该交织结构交换机的交织结构标识符(例如,集群标识符)进行标识。交织结构交换机中的各个成员交换机与该交织结构标识符关联。在一些实施例中,交织结构交换机标识符被预分配给成员交换机。因此,当交换机加入到交织结构交换机时,其它的成员交换机将该交换机识别为该交织结构交换机中的成员交换机。
在本公开中,术语“交织结构交换机”是指形成了单个可扩展的交换机网络的多个互连的物理交换机。交织结构交换机中的成员交换机可以作为个体交换机进行操作。交织结构交换机中的成员交换机也可以作为规定和控制平面、数据平面、或规定和控制平面及数据平面二者中的单个逻辑交换机进行操作。任何新的交换机都能够以“即插即用”的方式加入或离开该交织结构交换机而无需任何手动配置。交织结构交换机对外部设备表现为单个逻辑交换机。不应该将“交织结构交换机”解释为将本发明的多个实施例限制成作为单个逻辑交换机操作的多个交换机。术语“交织结构交换机”也能够指代互连交换机的网络。在另外的一些实施例中,交织结构交换机可以是多链路透明互连协议(TRILL)网络,而且交织结构交换机中的相应成员交换机是TRILL路由网桥(RBridge)。在一些实施例中,交织结构交换机可以是层3(例如,互联网协议或IP)网络,而成员交换机可以是层3节点(例如,能够基于路由协议进行路由)。
虽然使用基于封装协议的多个示例呈现了本公开,但是,本发明的实施例不限于使用与特定开放互连参考模型(OSI参考模型)层相关联的特定封装协议所定义的网络。例如,本发明的实施例也可以被应用于多协议标签交换(MPLS)网络。在本公开中,术语“封装”在一般意义上被使用,并且可以指代任意网络层、子层、或网络层的组合中的封装。
术语“终端设备”可以指代网络外部的任何设备(例如,不在网络中执行转发的设备)。终端设备的示例包括但不限于,物理机或虚拟机、传统的层2交换机、层3路由器、或任何其它类型的网络设备。此外,可以将终端设备耦合至远离层2或层3网络的其它交换机或主用机。终端设备也可以是多个网络设备用以进入网络的聚合点。托管一个或多个虚拟机的终端设备可以被称作主机。在本公开中,术语“终端设备”、“端点”和“主机”被互换使用。
术语“VLAN”在一般意义上被使用,并且可以指代任意虚拟网络。包括物理网络设备、软件网络资源、以及网络功能的分段的该任意虚拟网络可以被称作“VLAN”。不应该将“VLAN”解释为将本发明的实施例限制在层2网络。可以使用其它指代虚拟网络或网络分段的术语来替换“VLAN”,例如,使用“虚拟专用网(VPN)”、“虚拟专用LAN服务(VPLS)”、或“简单虚拟网络(EVN)”来替换。
术语“分组”指代能够跨网络一起传输的比特群组。不应该将“分组”解释为将本发明的实施例限制在层3网络。可以使用“帧”、“单元”或“数据报”等指代比特群组的其它术语来替换“分组”。
术语“交换机”在一般意义上被使用,并且可以指代在任意网络层中操作的任何独立交换机或交织结构交换机。“交换机”可以是物理设备或在计算设备上运行的软件。不应该将“交换机”解释为将本发明的实施例限制在层2网络。能够将业务转发至外部设备或另一交换机的任何设备都可以被称作“交换机”。“交换机”的示例包括但不限于层2交换机、层3路由器、TRILL RBridge、或包括多个相似或异构的较小的物理交换机的交织结构交换机。
术语“边缘端口”指代与网络外部的设备交换数据帧的网络上的端口(即,边缘端口不用于与网络中的另一成员交换机交换数据帧)。术语“交换机间端口”指代在网络中的成员交换机之间发送/接收数据帧的端口。交换机间端口之间的链路被称作“交换机间链路”。术语“接口”和“端口”互换使用。
术语“RBridge”指代路由网桥,它们是实现了互联网工程任务组(IETF)的请求意见(RFC)“Routing Bridges(RBridges):Base Protocol Specification”中所描述的TRILL协议的网桥,在http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6325可以获取所述文献,在此通过引用将其并入。本发明的实施例不限于RBridge之间的应用。也可以使用其它类型的交换机、路由器和转发器。
术语“交换机标识符”指代可以用来标识交换机的比特群组。交换机标识符的示例包括但不限于介质访问控制(MAC)地址、互联网协议(IP)地址、RBridge标识符、或其组合。在本公开中,“交换机标识符”作为一般意义被使用,其不限于任何比特格式,并且可以指代能够标识交换机的任意格式。如果交换机是RBridge,那么交换机标识符可以是“RBridge标识符”。TRILL标准使用“RBridge ID”来表示分配给RBridge的48比特的中间系统至中间系统(IS-IS)ID,且使用“RBridge别名”来表示用作“RBridge ID”的缩写的16比特值。术语“RBridge标识符”在一般意义上被使用,其不限于任何比特格式,并且可以指代“RBridgeID”、“RBridge别名”、或能够标识RBridge的任何其它格式。
术语“隧道”或“扩展隧道”指代使用另一种网络协议来封装一种或多种网络协议的数据通信。虽然本公开使用了基于层2协议的层3封装的示例来呈现,但是不应该将“隧道”解释为将本发明的实施例限制在层2协议和层3协议。可以针对和使用任意网络层、子层、或网络层的组合来建立“隧道”。
网络架构
图1A示出了包含根据本发明的实施例的、能够在分布式架构中监视扩展隧道的健康状况的交织结构交换机的示例环境100。环境100可以包含交织结构交换机110和140,它们分别包含成员交换机111-115和成员交换机141-145。成员交换机111-115中的某些成员交换机(例如,成员交换机111、112和113)可以作为交换机而参与活动网关119,而成员交换机141-145中的某些成员交换机(例如,成员交换机141-143)可以参与活动网关149。
交织结构交换机110和140中的成员交换机使用边缘端口与终端设备进行通信,并且使用交换机间端口与其它的成员交换机进行通信。例如,交换机114经由边缘端口被耦合至终端设备131和132,而且经由交换机间端口被耦合至交换机115。交换机115经由边缘端口被耦合至终端设备133。交换机111、112和113经由边缘端口分别被耦合至终端设备(例如,路由器)122、123和124。路由器122、123和124可以被耦合至终端设备(例如,数据中心核心路由器)121,其可以通过网络102与终端设备(例如,数据中心核心路由器)151进行通信。
经由交换机间端口进行的成员交换机之间的通信可以基于IP。在一些实施例中,交织结构交换机110和140每个都是层3(例如,IP)网络,交换机111-115和交换机141-145是层3节点,而经由交换机间端口发送和接收的数据帧由IP报头封装。终端设备和成员交换机之间经由边缘端口的通信可以基于以太网进行。例如,交换机115可以经由边缘端口从终端设备133接收以太网帧。交换机115可以用IP报头(例如,层3隧道报头)封装以太网帧,并且可以经由交换机间端口将封装好的分组转发给另一成员交换机。需要注意的是,封装好的分组可以具有用于层2转发的外部以太网报头。在一些实施例中,交织结构交换机110和140每个都是TRILL网络,交换机111-115和交换机141-145是RBridge,而经由交换机间端口发送和接收的数据帧由TRILL报头封装。
成员交换机141-143可以经由边缘端口被耦合至路由器151,其所对应的链路能够以虚拟链路聚合群组(VLAG)152的方式形成干路,在标题为“Redundant Host Connectionin a Routed Network”的美国专利No.8,665,886中对VLAG进行了描述,通过引用将该专利并入本文。终端设备121-124、131-133、151和161-163的示例包括但不限于层2交换机、层3路由器、架顶交换机、以及物理主用机或虚拟主机。
环境100可以包括交织结构交换机110和140之间且通过网络102的多个虚拟隧道。网络102可以是层3网络(例如,IP网络)。交织结构交换机110和140每个都可以充当基于VXLAN的通信中的VXLAN隧道端点。如在图1A中所描绘的,在交织结构交换机110和140中的成员交换机之间存在多条通信路径。此外,作为可能的隧道端点,参与活动网关119和149的成员交换机(例如,分别是交换机111-113和交换机141-143)可以实现虚拟路由器冗余协议扩展(VRRP-E)和VXLAN协议二者的功能。这允许参与成员交换机111-113和141-143对业务负载进行均衡,从而将分组路由至下一跳IP。而且,发送给目的地IP的经VXLAN封装的分组可以由相应活动网关中的任何参与成员交换机接收到。
图1B示出了包含根据本发明的实施例的、能够监视分布式架构中的扩展隧道的健康状况的交织结构交换机的示例环境150。环境150可以包含交织结构交换机110和140,它们分别包含成员交换机111-115和成员交换机141-142。成员交换机111-113中可以参与活动网关119,而成员交换机141-142可以参与活动网关159。交换机111、112和113分别被耦合至路由器122、123、以及124和125,而交换机141和142分别被耦合至路由器171和172。路由器122-125可以分别经由链路181-184通过网络102进行通信。链路181-184构成了到目的地终端设备140(假定交织结构交换机140是终端设备)的四个独立的等代价多路径(ECMP)路由路径的一部分。使用标准的BFD协议可能要求成员交换机111-113中的每个成员交换机与目的地终端设备140在每个可能的通信路径上建立个体BFD会话。随着路径数目增加,BFD会话的数目也增加,这可能会导致高效的网络行为。
而且,如果成员交换机111发送了BFD控制分组,但是却由成员交换机112接收到了返回BFD控制分组,那么成员交换机112可能会丢弃该分组,因为该分组其当前的任何一个会话都不匹配,而成员交换机111可能会错误地宣称该会话是非活动的并且发起对该会话的拆除。此外,在多个通信路径重叠时(如图1A所示,其中用于所有BFD会话的第一跳路由器是相同的),针对同一个目的地运行多个会话可能是不行的。同样,由于维护冗余的多个会话时涉及附加开销,所以某些设备可能不能够支持针对同一源IP地址和目的地IP地址对的多个BFD会话。
本发明的实施例通过指定主用机交换机并且允许所有成员交换机基于在下文中结合图2A-图2D所描述的通信和方法来同步和维护其自身针对具体BFD会话的实例解决了这些问题。
分布式架构中的示例通信
图2A示出了根据本发明的实施例的、能够监视分布式架构中的扩展隧道的健康状况的交织结构交换机中的示例环境200以及通信。环境200包含成员交换机211、212和213,它们是交织结构交换机210(或互连交换机网络210)的一部分。交换机211-213可以通过网络202与终端设备231和232进行通信。交换机211、212和213分别维护会话数据库260、270和280,它们包含对应于BFD会话的多个实例的参数。例如,交换机211可以维护会话数据库260,其包含会话标识符字段261、源IP地址字段262、目的地IP地址字段263、主用机交换机标识符字段264、接收指示符字段265和路径状态266。
在操作期间,将交换机211选为BFD主用机(“主用机211”)。交换机211确定新的会话参数,例如,其可以包含会话标识符、期望或预协商的事务间隔、目的地IP地址、初始状态、轮询机制、请求模式和返回(echo)接收间隔。主用机211广播包含会话参数的通知消息250,并且“创建”对于其它成员交换机(例如,交换机212和213)的命令。主用机211随后建立对应于交织结构交换机210和目的地端点231之间的路径的BFD会话。主用机211还基于会话参数创建会话实例(例如,会话数据库260)(T1时间)。在图2A中,主用机211使用下列各个值创建会话数据库260:值为“10”的会话标识符、值为“10.10.10.10/24”的源IP地址(例如,VIP 221),其指示交织结构交换机210的虚拟IP地址;值为“11.11.11.11/24”的目的地IP地址(例如,IP 241),其指示目的地终端设备231;值为“211”的主用机交换机标识符,其指示主用机211;成员交换机211-213中的每个成员交换机的接收指示符,使用设置为“0”的初始值来指示非活动的接收状态;以及路径状态,使用设置为“0”的初始值来指示非活动的路径状态。
图2B示出了根据本发明的实施例的、对应于图2A的、由交织结构交换机中的多个成员交换机所维护的示例性的数据库结构。在接收到通知消息250之后(T2时间),交换机212和213每个都基于所接收到的会话参数和创建命令(例如,分别是会话数据库270和280)创建会话实例,并且使用了与T1时间的会话数据库260相同的值。
主用机211随后将会话ID=10的BFD控制分组(“BFD Tx”)204发送给目的地终端设备231。随后,在预定的时间间隔之内,交换机213从目的地终端设备231接收到了会话ID=10的BFD控制分组(“BFD Rx”)206。交换机213通过将交换机213的接收指示符设置为值为“1”的活动状态来对其本地会话数据库280进行更新,并且还将路径状态设置为值为“1”的活动状态(T3时间)。交换机213随后向其它的成员交换机(例如,交换机212和主用机211)广播通知消息252,该通知消息指示会话ID和交换机213的活动接收指示符。在接收到消息252之后,主用机211和交换机212通过将交换机213的接收指示符设置为值为“1”的活动状态来更新其各自的本地会话数据库260和270,并且还将路径状态设置为值为“1”的活动状态(T4时间)。因为存在到目的地的至少一个转发路径(例如,从主用机211到目的地终端设备231再到交换机213的路径),所以将会话ID=10的D-BFD会话确定为活动。例如,如果会话数据库260中的至少一个接收指示符265是活动的或被设置为值“1”,那么主用机211就确定对应路径的D-BFD会话是活动的。需要注意的是,如果主用机211接收到了BFD Rx 206,则系统做出类似方式的动作,使主用机211将其自身的接收指示符设置为活动并且更新其本地会话数据库中的路径状态,而且随后向其它的成员交换机广播指示其接收指示符为活动的通知消息,从而允许所有的成员交换机维护和同步其自身的本地会话数据库。
只有确定所有的成员交换机上的D-BFD会话都为关闭或非活动时,才确定会话关闭或非活动。例如,如果会话数据库260中的所有接收指示符265都是非活动的或都被设置为“0”值,那么主用机211将对应路径的D-BFD会话确定为非活动并且可以发起该路径的拆除。图2C示出了根据本发明的实施例的、能够监视分布式架构中的扩展隧道的健康状况的交织结构交换机中的示例环境290以及通信。在T4时间(如图2A至图2C所描绘的),交织结构交换机210的所有成员交换机(例如,主用机211和交换机212和213)都确定BFD会话ID=10的路径状态是活动的(例如,“1”),这一点在会话数据库260、270和280中的每个会话数据库中被反映出来。
图2D示出了根据本发明的实施例的、对应于图2C的、由交织结构交换机中的各个成员交换机所维护的示例性的数据库结构。在预定时间间隔的末尾,主用机211可以向目的地终端设备231发送会话ID=10的BFD Tx 208。在一些实施例中,主用机211不需要广播用于后续的BFD传输控制分组的通知消息,因为在之前的操作中,每个成员交换机都创建并维护了对应的会话ID的会话数据库的实例。如果交换机213没有在预定的时间间隔之内从目的地设备231接收到BFD Rx,那么交换机213通过将交换机213的接收指示符设置为值为“0”的非活动状态来更新其本地会话数据库280,并且还将路径状态设置为值为“0”的非活动状态(T5时间)。交换机213随后向其它成员交换机(例如,主用机211和交换机212)广播指示会话ID和交换机213的非活动接收指示符的消息256。在接收到消息256之后,主用机211和交换机212通过将交换机213的接收指示符设置为值为“0”的非活动状态来更新其各自的本地会话数据库260和270,并且还将路径状态设置为值为“0”的非活动状态(T6时间)。随后,主用机211将会话ID=10的D-BFD会话确定为关闭,并且主用机211可以发起该D-BFD会话的拆除。
主用机/发起器D-BFD交换机的作用
图3呈现了说明根据本发明的实施例的、交织结构交换机中指定的主用机交换机监视扩展隧道的健康状况的过程的流程图。在操作期间,主用机交换机向该交织结构交换机的其它所有成员交换机广播新的会话参数(操作302)。如上所述,例如,会话参数可以包括会话标识符、期望或预协商的事务间隔、目的地IP地址、初始状态、轮询机制、请求模式和返回接收间隔。主用机交换机基于新的会话参数发起与目的地设备之间的BFD会话(操作304)。建立会话所使用的源IP地址可以是主用机交换机的虚拟IP地址,并且可以由该交织结构交换机的所有成员交换机共享。主用机交换机向目的地设备发送BFD控制分组(操作306),这可以在期望或预协商的事务间隔上进行。随后,主用机交换机可以从另一成员交换机接收通知消息(操作308),并且继续如标记A所描绘的操作,将在下面结合图4A进行描述。备选地,主用机交换机可以接收(或不接收)来自目的地设备的回波BFD控制分组(操作310),并且继续如标记B所表示的操作,将在下面结合图4B进行描述。
分别从由标记A和B描绘的操作返回,以下在图4A和4B中,主用机确定当前的路径状态是否活动(判断316)。如果由主用机交换机所维护的本地会话数据库中所指示的路径状态是活动(例如,T4时间由图2A中的会话数据库260的状态266指示的值为“1”),则操作返回。如果路径状态是非活动(例如,T6时间由图2C中的会话数据库260的状态266指示的值为“0”),则主用机交换机发起对应BFD会话的拆除(操作318)。
成员交换机接收通知消息和/或BFD控制分组
图4A呈现了说明根据本发明的实施例的、交织结构交换机中的成员交换机从另一成员交换机接收通知消息的过程的流程图。在操作期间,成员交换机(“接收成员交换机”)从另一成员交换机接收通知消息,其中该通知消息含有另一成员交换机的针对已建立BFD会话的接收状态(“接收指示符”)(操作402)。接收成员交换机可以是所指定的主用机交换机或交织结构交换机中的任意一个其它的成员交换机。接收成员交换机通过存储另一成员交换机的接收指示符(例如,指示活动或非活动的值)来更新其本地会话数据库(操作404)。接收成员交换机还通过基于另一成员交换机的接收指示符和所有其它成员交换机的接收指示符来更新其本地会话数据库(操作406)。如果任意一个成员交换机的接收指示符是活动的,那么对应的BFD会话就是活动的或是打开的。如果所有成员交换机的接收指示符都是非活动的,那么该BFD会话是非活动的或是关闭的。
图4B呈现了说明根据本发明的实施例的、交织结构交换机中的成员交换机在预定的时间间隔之内从目的地设备接收或没有接收BFD控制分组的过程的流程图。在操作期间,成员交换机确定其是否接收到了BFD控制分组(判断452)。如果成员交换机没有接收到BFD控制分组,那么该成员交换机确定当前时间是否位于预定时间间隔之内或是否早于该时间间隔过期(判断454)。如果当前时间早于时间间隔过期(例如,位于时间间隔之内),那么操作返回到操作452。如果当前时间不早于时间间隔过期(例如,晚于时间间隔过期),那么成员交换机通过将其自身的接收状态设置为非活动或“0”来更新其本地会话数据库(操作458)。
如果成员交换机接收到BFD控制分组(判断452),那么成员交换机确定当前时间是否位于预定时间间隔之内或是否早于该时间间隔过期(判断456)。如果当前时间早于时间间隔过期(例如,位于时间间隔之内),那么成员交换机通过将其自身的接收状态设置为活动或“1”来更新其本地会话数据库(操作460)。如果当前时间不早于时间间隔过期(例如,晚于时间间隔过期),那么成员交换机通过将其自身的接收状态设置为非活动或“0”来更新其本地会话数据库(操作458)。
随后,成员交换机通过基于所有成员交换机的接收指示符设置当前路径状态来更新其本地会话数据库(操作462)。成员交换机还向所有其它的成员交换机广播通知消息,所述通知消息含有本地交换机的接收指示符或接收状态(操作464)。
主用机/发起器D-BFD交换机的作用
图5呈现了说明根据本发明的实施例的、交织结构交换机中的成员交换机监视扩展隧道的健康状况的过程的流程图。在操作期间,成员交换机(“接收成员交换机”)接收来自主用机交换机的新的会话参数(操作502)。在一些实施例中,该成员交换机可以从主用机交换机连同该新的会话参数一起接收“创建”命令。该成员交换机随后基于新的会话参数创建会话数据库(例如,实例化一个会话实例)(操作504)。随后,该成员交换机可以接收来自另一成员交换机的通知消息(操作506),并且继续如标记A所描绘的在上面结合图4A所述的操作。备选地,该成员交换机可以接收(或不接收)来自目的地设备的返回BFD控制分组(操作508),并且继续如标记B所描绘的在上面结合图4B所述的操作。
跟踪链路和发起故障恢复
图6呈现了说明根据本发明的实施例的、主用机交换机跟踪链路和发起故障恢复的过程的流程图。在操作期间,“初始”主用机交换机确定连接至交织结构交换机的所有接口是否是关闭的(判断602)。如果所有接口不都是关闭的(例如,至少一个接口可用并且是活动的以在交织结构交换机和目的地设备之间携带数据),那么系统返回至操作602。如果所有接口都是关闭的,那么初始主用机交换机向另一成员交换机(例如,参与同一个活动网关的成员交换机)发起BFD会话故障恢复(操作604)。初始主用机交换机可以通过向其它所有成员交换机广播通知消息,将自己从活动负载均衡方案中去除,其中该通知消息含有指示管理器关闭(例如,“admin_down”(“管理器关闭”))的信息(操作606)。系统选择具有有利链路参数的“新”主用机交换机。在一些实施例中,系统使用同样的参数来选择新的主用机交换机,这与系统最初选择初始主用机交换机相同。初始主用机交换机随后将主用机状态转移至新的主用机交换机(操作608)。新的主用机交换机因此能够继续传输BFD控制分组,从而在链路故障时提供无缝转换。
如果初始链路参数成为有利的(例如,系统确定从初始主用机交换机连接至交织结构交换机的多个接口打开或以其它方式确定为是有利的)(判断610),那么系统可以通过允许初始主用机交换机再次继续(reassume)主用机交换机状态来重新转移主用机交换机状态(操作612)。初始主用机交换机向其它所有的成员交换机广播通知消息,其中该通知消息含有指示管理器打开(例如,“admin_up”(“管理器打开”))的信息(操作614)。参与活动网关的成员交换机可以发送“admin_down”消息和“admin_up”消息以辅助跟踪链路。
新交换机加入或离开交织结构交换机
图7A呈现了说明根据本发明的实施例的、交换机加入交织结构交换机的过程的流程图。在操作期间,新交换机加入交织结构交换机(或互连交换机网络)(操作702)。新交换机请求来自参与BFD协议的所有成员交换机的针对已有会话的转发路径信息(操作704)。新交换机随后接收来自所有参与成员交换机的针对由每个参与成员交换机所维护的所有会话的当前状态信息(操作706)。当前状态信息可以包含下列中的一项或多项:所协商或所配置的BFD会话参数;活动或非活动会话状态的指示符(例如,路径状态);以及特定会话的当前BFD主用机的相关信息。新交换机基于从参与成员交换机接收到的状态信息来实例化BFD会话(操作708)。随后,新交换机开始向其它参与成员交换机广播其BFD会话状态(操作710)。
图7B呈现了说明根据本发明的实施例的、成员交换机离开交织结构交换机的过程的流程图。在操作期间,交织结构交换机(或互连交换机网络)检测至成员交换机的交换机间链路的故障或丢失(操作752)。交织结构交换机产生通知消息并向其它所有的成员交换机广播该通知,其中该通知消息含有指示故障的信息(例如,“domain_unreachable”(“域不可达”))(操作754)。其它的成员交换机接收针对丢失的成员交换机的domain_unreachable通知消息,并且在其相应的转发信息数据库中清除针对丢失的节点的条目(操作756)。
示例交换机
图8示出了根据本发明的实施例的、能够在分布式架构中监视扩展隧道的健康状况的示例交换机。在该示例中,交换机800包含多个通信端口802、路径监视模块820、会话发起器模块822、广播模块824、转发模块826、链路跟踪模块828、以及存储器850。在一些实施例中,交换机800可以维护交织结构交换机中的成员关系,其中交换机800还包含交织结构交换机管理模块840。交织结构交换机管理模块840在存储器850中维护配置数据库,其维护交织结构交换机内的相应交换机的配置状态。交织结构交换机管理模块840维护交织结构交换机的状态,其用于使其它的交换机加入。在这种场景下,通信端口802可以包含用于交织结构交换机内的通信的交换机间通信信道。这些交换机间通信信道可以通过常规通信端口且基于任何开放形式或专用形式实现。模块820、822、824、826、828和840中的每个模块都可以被实现为装置。
在操作期间,路径监视模块820进行操作,从而通过通信端口802中的一个通信端口在预定的时间间隔之内接收与会话相关联的控制分组。响应于在该时间间隔之内接收到了控制分组,路径监视模块820被适配为将该交换机的接收指示符设置为活动状态,而响应于在该时间间隔之内未接收到控制分组,路径监视模块820被适配为将该交换机的接收指示符设置为非活动状态。路径监视模块820还被适配为基于该交换机和一个或多个其它成员交换机的接收指示符来设置与该会话相关联的路径状态。广播模块824被适配为至少向一个或多个其它成员交换机广播该交换机的接收指示符。
路径监视模块820还被适配为响应于从另一成员交换机接收到包含另一交换机的接收指示符的通知消息:存储另一交换机的接收指示符;并且基于另一交换机的接收指示符来设置路径状态。路径监视模块820还被适配为响应于从另一成员交换机接收到包含会话参数和创建命令的通知消息,基于会话参数创建会话数据库。
在一些实施例中,交换机800被指定为主用机交换机。会话发起器模块822被适配为基于会话参数建立与互连交换机网络和目的地端点之间的路径对应的会话,其中会话基于双向转发检测(BFD)协议。会话发起器模块822还被适配为基于所述会话参数创建会话数据库。广播模块824还被适配为向其它成员交换机广播会话参数和创建命令。转发模块826被适配为构建目的地为目的地端点的控制分组。路径监视模块820还被适配为响应于确定路径状态是非活动的,发起路径的拆除。链路跟踪模块828被适配为确定连接至下一跳核心路由器的所有接口的状态。响应于确定状态是关闭的,链路跟踪模块828被适配为发起至其它成员交换机中的一个成员交换机的故障恢复并指定新的主用机。广播模块824还被适配为向其它成员交换机广播用以从活动负载均衡方案中去除该交换机的消息。链路跟踪模块828还被适配为确定至少一个接口的状态是打开的。广播模块824还被适配为向其它成员交换机广播消息,从而将交换机添加到活动负载均衡方案中。
存储器850可以存储会话数据库,该会话数据库指示会话的参数并且包含下列中的一项或多项:会话标识符;源地址;目的地地址;主用机交换机标识符;该交换机和其它成员交换机的接收指示符;以及会话的路径状态。
要注意的是,上述各个模块可以在硬件以及软件中实现。在一个实施例中,这些模块可以实现为存储在存储器中的计算机可执行指令,存储器耦合至交换机800中的一个或多个处理器。当被执行时,这些指令使处理器执行上述各种功能。
总之,本发明的实施例提供了用于监视扩展隧道中的健康状况的交换机、方法和计算机系统。在一个实施例中,交换机包括路径监视装置和广播装置。在操作期间,路径监视装置经由交换机响应于在预定时间间隔之内存在或不存在控制分组,将该交换机的接收指示符设置活动状态或非活动状态,并且基于该交换机和一个或多个其它交换机的接收指示符设置与会话相关联的路径状态。广播装置向一个或多个成员交换机至少广播该交换机的接收指示符。在另一实施例中,路径监视装置响应于来自另一成员交换机的通知消息,存储另一交换机的接收指示符,该通知消息包含另一成员交换机的接收指示符;并且基于另一交换机的接收指示符来设置路径状态。在另一实施例中,交换机被指定为主用机并且执行本文所述的操作。因此,交换机通过允许每个成员交换机维护其自身的会话数据库的同步版本、并且允许所指定的主用机交换机基于特定BFD会话的路径状态来确定适当的动作,而有助于监视分布式架构中的扩展隧道的健康状况。
本文所述的方法和过程可以被实现为代码和/或数据,其可以被存储在计算机可读的非暂时性的存储介质中。当计算机系统读取并执行存储在计算机可读的非暂时性的存储介质中的代码和/或数据时,计算机系统执行作为存储在介质中的数据结构和代码实现的方法和过程。
本文所述的方法和过程可以由硬件模块或装置执行和/或被包含在其中。这些模块和装置可以包括但不限于专用集成电路(ASIC)芯片、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、在特定时间执行特定软件模块或一段代码的专用或共享处理器、和/或当今已知或以后开发的其它的可编程逻辑设备。当激活这些硬件模块或装置时,它们执行包含在其中的方法和过程。
仅仅出于说明和描述的目的,提供了本发明的上述描述和实施例。上述描述和实施例不是旨在进行穷举或对本公开进行限制。因此,许多修改和变化对于本领域技术人员将会是明显的。本发明的范围由所附权利要求限定。
Claims (25)
1.一种交换机,包括:
一个或多个端口;
交换机管理装置,其经配置以联合地操作所述交换机和互连交换机网络中的第二交换机;
路径监视装置,其经配置以:
响应于在预定时间间隔内与会话相关联的控制分组,将所述交换机的接收指示符设置为活动状态;
响应于在所述预定时间间隔内不存在与所述会话相关联的所述控制分组,而将所述交换机的所述接收指示符设置为非活动状态;以及
基于所述交换机的所述接收指示符以及在所述互连交换机网络中的一个或多个其它成员交换机的所述接收指示符来设置与所述会话相关联的路径状态;以及
广播装置,其经配置以广播第一通知消息,所述第一通知消息以所述第二交换机为目的地并指示所述交换机对于所述会话是活动的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的交换机,其中所述路径监视装置进一步经配置以:
响应于标识来自所述第二交换机的第二通知消息而:
确定所述第二交换机对于所述会话是活动的;以及
基于来自所述第二交换机的所述第二通知消息来设置所述路径状态,所述路径状态指示所述会话的至少一个活动路径。
3.根据权利要求1所述的交换机,其中所述路径监视装置进一步经配置以:
响应于标识来自所述第二交换机的包含会话参数和创建命令的第二通知消息,来创建包含所述会话参数的会话数据库。
4.根据权利要求1所述的交换机,还包括存储器,其经配置以存储会话数据库,所述会话数据库指示所述会话的参数,并且包含下列中的一项或多项:
会话标识符;
源地址;
目的地地址;
主用机交换机标识符;
所述交换机的所述接收指示符和所述第二交换机的所述接收指示符;以及
所述会话的所述路径状态。
5.根据权利要求1所述的交换机,其中所述端口基于下列中的一项或多项来接收分组:
虚拟可扩展局域网协议;
通用路由封装协议;以及
基于层2兼容帧的封装的隧道协议。
6.根据权利要求1所述的交换机,其中所述广播装置进一步经配置以基于互联网协议来广播所述第一通知消息。
7.根据权利要求1所述的交换机,其中所述交换机和所述第二交换机的每一者都由所述互连交换机网络中的交换机标识符加以标识;并且
其中所述第一通知消息能够在路由网络中转发。
8.根据权利要求1所述的交换机,其中所述交换机被指定为主用机交换机,并且还包括发起器装置,所述发起器装置经配置以:
基于会话参数来建立与隧道端点和目的地端点之间的路径相对应的所述会话,其中所述会话基于双向转发检测协议;以及
基于所述会话参数来创建会话数据库;并且
其中所述广播装置进一步经配置以针对所述第二交换机广播包含所述会话参数和创建命令的第二通知消息。
9.根据权利要求8所述的交换机,还包括:
转发装置,其经配置以构建目的地为所述目的地端点的第二控制分组;并且
其中所述路径监视装置进一步经配置以响应于确定所述路径状态是非活动的,而发起所述路径的拆除。
10.根据权利要求8所述的交换机,还包括:
链路跟踪装置,其经配置以:
确定对应于下一跳路由器的一个或多个本地接口的状态;以及
响应于确定所述一个或多个本地接口的所述状态为关闭而:
向所述第二交换机发起故障恢复;以及
指定所述第二交换机为新的主用机交换机;并且
其中所述广播装置进一步经配置以针对所述第二交换机广播第三通知消息,所述第三通知消息指示从活动负载均衡方案中去除所述交换机。
11.根据权利要求10所述的交换机,其中所述链路跟踪装置进一步经配置以:
确定所述一个或多个本地接口中的至少一个接口的所述状态为打开;并且
其中所述广播装置进一步经配置以针对所述第二交换机广播第四通知消息,所述第四通知消息指示将所述交换机添加到所述活动负载均衡方案中。
12.根据权利要求10所述的交换机,其中所述链路跟踪装置进一步经配置以:
确定所述主用机交换机不能确定所述主用机交换机对于所述会话是否为活动的;并且
其中所述路径监视装置进一步经配置以触发向第三交换机的故障恢复,所述第三交换机与所述隧道端点相关联。
13.一种计算机实现的方法,包括:
联合地操作第一交换机和互连交换机网络中的第二交换机;
响应于在预定时间间隔内与会话相关联的控制分组,将所述第一交换机的接收指示符设置为活动状态;
响应于在所述预定时间间隔内不存在与所述会话相关联的所述控制分组,而将所述第一交换机的所述接收指示符设置为非活动状态;
基于所述第一交换机的所述接收指示符以及在所述互连交换机网络中的一个或多个其它成员交换机的所述接收指示符来设置与所述会话相关联的路径状态;以及
广播第一通知消息,所述第一通知消息以所述第二交换机为目的地并指示所述第一交换机对于所述会话是活动的。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,还包括:
响应于标识来自所述第二交换机的第二通知消息而:
确定所述第二交换机对于所述会话是活动的;以及
基于来自所述第二交换机的所述第二通知消息来设置所述路径状态,所述路径状态指示所述会话的至少一个活动路径。
15.根据权利要求13所述的方法,还包括:
响应于标识来自所述第二交换机的包含会话参数和创建命令的第二通知消息,来创建包含所述会话参数的会话数据库。
16.根据权利要求13所述的方法,还包括在所述第一交换机的存储器中存储会话数据库,所述会话数据库指示所述会话的参数,并且包含下列中的一项或多项:
会话标识符;
源地址;
目的地地址;
主用机交换机标识符;
所述第一交换机的接收指示符和所述第二交换机的接收指示符;以及
所述会话的所述路径状态。
17.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其基于下列中的一项或多项来接收分组:
虚拟可扩展局域网协议;
通用路由封装协议;以及
基于层2兼容帧的封装的隧道协议。
18.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述第一通知消息是基于互联网协议而广播的。
19.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述第一交换机和所述第二交换机的每一者都由所述互连交换机网络中的交换机标识符加以标识;并且
其中所述第一通知消息能够在路由网络中转发。
20.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述第一交换机被指定为主用机交换机,且其中所述方法还包括:
基于会话参数来建立与隧道端点和目的地端点之间的路径相对应的所述会话,其中所述会话基于双向转发检测协议;
基于所述会话参数来创建会话数据库;以及
针对所述第二交换机广播包含所述会话参数和创建命令的第二通知消息。
21.根据权利要求20所述的方法,还包括:
构建目的地为所述目的地端点的第二控制分组;以及
响应于确定所述路径状态是非活动的,而发起所述路径的拆除。
22.根据权利要求20所述的方法,还包括:
确定对应于下一跳路由器的所述第一交换机的一个或多个接口的状态;
响应于确定所述一个或多个接口的所述状态为关闭而:
向所述第二交换机发起故障恢复;以及
指定所述第二交换机为新的主用机交换机;以及
针对所述第二交换机广播第三通知消息,所述第三通知消息指示从活动负载均衡方案中去除所述第一交换机。
23.根据权利要求22所述的方法,还包括:
确定所述一个或多个接口中的至少一个接口的所述状态为打开;以及
针对所述第二交换机广播第四通知消息,所述第四通知消息指示将所述第一交换机添加到活动负载均衡方案中的消息。
24.根据权利要求22所述的方法,还包括:
确定所述主用机交换机不能确定所述主用机交换机对于所述会话是否为活动的;以及
触发向第三交换机的故障恢复,所述第三交换机与所述隧道端点相关联。
25.一种用于监视路径健康状况的计算机系统,所述系统包括:
处理器;以及
存储器设备,所述存储器设备耦合至所述处理器并且存储指令,所述指令在被计算机执行时使所述计算机执行方法,所述方法包括:
联合地操作第一交换机和互连交换机网络中的第二交换机;
响应于在预定时间间隔内与会话相关联的控制分组,将所述第一交换机的接收指示符设置为活动状态;
响应于在所述预定时间间隔内不存在与所述会话相关联的所述控制分组,而将所述第一交换机的所述接收指示符设置为非活动状态;
基于所述第一交换机的所述接收指示符以及在所述互连交换机网络中的一个或多个其它成员交换机的所述接收指示符来设置与所述会话相关联的路径状态;以及
广播第一通知消息,所述第一通知消息以所述第二交换机为目的地并指示所述第一交换机对于所述会话是活动的。
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