CN105724069B - A kind of arbor type hangs the breeding method of bell flower landscape tree - Google Patents
A kind of arbor type hangs the breeding method of bell flower landscape tree Download PDFInfo
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- CN105724069B CN105724069B CN201610160954.8A CN201610160954A CN105724069B CN 105724069 B CN105724069 B CN 105724069B CN 201610160954 A CN201610160954 A CN 201610160954A CN 105724069 B CN105724069 B CN 105724069B
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- 241000332371 Abutilon x hybridum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 235000018081 Hibiscus syriacus Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000546202 Hypericum calycinum Species 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000026287 bud dilation involved in lung branching Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 244000130592 Hibiscus syriacus Species 0.000 description 21
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 14
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 6
- 241000219071 Malvaceae Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241001640034 Heteropterys Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000218033 Hibiscus Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000005206 Hibiscus Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000007185 Hibiscus lunariifolius Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000039 congener Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001573881 Corolla Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000825204 Malvaviscus penduliflorus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G3/00—Cutting implements specially adapted for horticultural purposes; Delimbing standing trees
- A01G2003/005—Removing buds
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of arbor types to hang the breeding method that bell spends landscape tree.Using the yellow rose of Sharon or the floral leaf Huang rose of Sharon as the stock of grafting, become scion after outstanding bell is spent semi-lignified branch cutting back.It should make wherein being aligned on one side for rootstock opening-cleaving and scion wedge-shaped edge when grafting, and the top at the wedge-shaped position of scion is used in combination film to tie up consolidation there are the leakage of 0.1~0.3cm long.Erase in time after grafting stock rudiment, needle film, trimming scion, and active management.The method of the present invention integrates the advantages of hanging bell flower and yellow rose of Sharon seeds in one, significantly improves appreciation effect, landscape value and the economic value of outstanding bell flower;Shorten and cultivates the time limit that arbor type hangs bell flower, the weakness for overcoming outstanding bell flower dryness not strong.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to landscape seeds bearing tree types to cultivate field, be specifically related to one kind using the yellow rose of Sharon or the floral leaf Huang rose of Sharon as anvil
Wood hangs bell with the plant not belonged to and spends the method that for scion, landscape tree is spent by the outstanding bell of graft technology directive breeding arbor type.
Background technology
The yellow rose of Sharon (Hibiscus tilliaceus L.) is Malvaceae (Malvaceae) Hibiscus (Hibiscus) plant,
Evergreen dungarunga is high up to 4-7m.Leaf is big, and cardioid has long handle.Tree crown circle umbrella shape, flower yellow, corolla bell, florescence are main
Concentrate on temperature high summer.Main distribution south China, lower subtropical evergreen broad-leaved area, tropical monsoon forest area, such as Guangdong, extensively
West, the southern regions of the Yunnan Province area etc..The floral leaf Huang rose of Sharon (H.tilliaceus ' Tricolor ') leaf color is graceful beautiful, is from the yellow rose of Sharon
The kind of (H.tilliaceus L.) variation, there are the patches such as milky white, pink, red, brown on blade face, therefore named.Like sunlight, light
According to stronger, color is more bright-coloured.The yellow rose of Sharon and the floral leaf Huang rose of Sharon have drought-enduring, impoverishment tolerant, the characteristic of salt resistance to be born in coastal region more, can make
For coastal area is windproof, sand prevention, moisture-proof fine tree species, shade tree, specimen tree, coast protection are mainly used as in afforestation
Woods.The floral leaf Huang rose of Sharon can also use big basin plantation enjoying, to see based on leaf.
Outstanding bell flower (Malvaviscus penduliflorus Moc.&Sess é ex DC.) hangs bell and spend to belong to for Malvaceae plants
Object belongs to evergreen dwarf shrub, and high 0.30-1.50m, cerise flower, flower amount are more.Outstanding bell flower property is strong, requires soil not tight, happiness
High temperature and humidity and sunny environment, heat-resisting, drought-enduring, resistance to lean, moisture-proof, slightly shade tolerant avoid flood, fast growing, prefer it is fertile,
It grows, can bloom whole year in loose and well-drained subacidity soil.Mexico to Peru and Brazil are originated in, is now distributed in
The torrid zone and subtropical zone all over the world, it is in afforestation to plant in garden or used as street flower hedge more.
Outstanding bell flower belongs to undershrub, and the florescence is whole year.If come directive breeding arbor type directly by way of trimming
Outstanding bell flower at least needs the time of 10-20 to be possible to obtain the moulding tree of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground >=3cm, mobile jib height 1m or so, and
Mobile jib is readily bent, tilts, being not easy uprightly, and mobile jib is generally not more than 1.5m.And the yellow rose of Sharon belongs to magaphanerophytes, can pass through
The mode of sowing or cuttage obtains seedling, and using the cultivation of 2-4, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground can reach >=3cm, and mobile jib is upright,
Highly >=2m.Under normal conditions, it is grafted between equal not congener, it is difficult to which success rate is relatively low in other words for success.It is yellow
The rose of Sharon and outstanding bell flower belong to the plant that Malvaceae does not belong to, in the prior art, still without find related Malvaceae not congener it
Between success graft Case Report.
Invention content
In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of outstanding bell flower landscape tree of quickly breeding arbor type
Method, integrate the advantages of hanging bell flower and yellow rose of Sharon seeds in one, to improve appreciation effect, landscape value and the economy of hanging bell flower
Value;Shorten and cultivates the time limit that arbor type hangs bell flower, the weakness for overcoming outstanding bell flower dryness not strong.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs.
Unless otherwise indicated, percentage of the present invention is mass percent.
A kind of arbor type hangs the breeding method of bell flower landscape tree, includes the following steps:
(1) stock pre-processes:In 3~May or 10~November, select no disease and pests harm, robust growth, cane straight
The stock of vertical, the yellow rose of Sharon of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground >=1cm, cane height >=1.0m or the floral leaf Huang rose of Sharon as grafting, trims stock, removes
Pre- grafting point is with whole branches and leaves of upper bit;
(2) scion pre-processes:Growth selection stalwartness, no disease and pests harm, diameter 0.3~1.0cm rugosity outstanding bell spend it is half wooden
Change branch, cut from tree with secateurs, then cutting back at 8~15cm long scion;
(3) it grafts:The lower end of scion is whittled into the positive wedge shape of 3~5cm long, then stock is rived with grafting knife, depth of riving
Degree is the equivalent length of scion wedge shape length, is then rapidly inserted into scion, makes wherein the one of rootstock opening-cleaving and scion wedge-shaped edge
Side is aligned, and there are the leakages of 0.1~0.3cm long on the top at the wedge-shaped position of scion;Stock is split into mouth under with film
Consolidation is tied up on and;
(4) managing after grafting:It waters in due course after grafting, stock rudiment of erasing in time, until the new leaf bud that scion is sprouted
When one film packet of expansion, needling film makes leaf bud spread apart;After 30 days, such as find that scion growth is too fast, reply scion is new
The branch grown carries out cutting back, retains scion 30~50cm length, and hanging bell flower to arbor type according to conventional trimming later carries out pipe
Reason.
In step (2), the scion cut is placed in moisturizing in the hermetic bag of humidity >=90%.
In step (3), 1~3 layer film is also wrapped up on scion top.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
The arbor type that the method for the present invention is cultivated, which hangs bell, spends landscape tree, incorporates the yellow rose of Sharon (or floral leaf Huang rose of Sharon) and outstanding bell spends two
The advantages of kind plant, can reach arbor type landscape in one, the weakness for overcoming outstanding bell flower dryness not strong in the shorter time limit
The effect of seeds.The landscape value and economic value for increasing outstanding bell flower, shorten the time limit of cultivation, reduce cultivation at
This.There is important enlightenment for hanging the artificial engrafting and cultivating that bell flower belongs to other plant.
Specific implementation mode
More fully understand the present invention in order to facilitate those skilled in the art, below by embodiment to technical solution do into
The detailed description of one step.But embodiment is not limitation of the invention, and the step of not illustrated in embodiment is
There is technology.
Embodiment 1
It cultivates arbor type and hangs bell flower landscape tree, grafted using cleft graft.
(1) selection and pretreatment of stock:Using the yellow rose of Sharon as stock, grafting time on April 2nd, 2011, select the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground for
The yellow rose of Sharon of 1.8cm, mobile jib height 1.5m or more are stock, are trimmed to stock, wipe out whole branches and leaves of 1.5m or more.
(2) pretreatment of scion:Growth selection is healthy and strong and the outstanding bell flower semi-lignified of no disease and pests harm, rugosity are diameter
The branch of 0.5cm is trimmed with sharp and clean secateurs from tree as scion, wipes out withe thereon and leaf, then short
It is cut into the scion of 10cm long, then scion is placed in the valve bag squirted in advance, moisturizing is carried out to scion.
(3) it grafts:Stock is rived by the two-sided positive wedge shape for being whittled into 4cm long in the lower end of scion, then with grafting knife, depth of riving
Degree is 4cm, is then rapidly inserted into scion, makes wherein being aligned on one side for stock and scion wedge-shaped edge, when insertion scion, wedge-shaped part
There are 0.2cm leakages to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally on the top of position, to be conducive to calli induction, to which callus makes scion and stock
In conjunction with more solid secured.Using the mulch for cutting into 2cm wide, stock is tied up into consolidation from bottom to top from a mouthful lower part is split, to prevent
Water, moisturizing.Stock will also be wrapped up solid, tight with scion binding site.The top wrapping thin film of scion is closed i.e.
Can, moisturizing is carried out to scion, easily breaks through film to survive rear new rudiment.
(4) grafting final-period management:After grafting, on April 2 same day, water to grafting plant, after grafting 7 days,
April 9 observed that the tender shoots that sprouts occurred in stock mobile jib, stock rudiment of erasing, so that nutrition concentrated supply is in scion.Grafting 15 days
Afterwards, April 17 days observe that scion germinates new leaves bud, and one film packet of expansion, gently choosing makes its rupture, and leaf bud spread apart is made, with
Convenient for its normal growth, while also carrying out stock rudiment of erasing.
(5) it is managed after grafting seedling:It suitably waters in due course to grafting plant after grafting, after grafting confirmation survives, also
The rudiment continuously to be sent out stock is erased in time, after grafting 30 days, it is found that scion growth is rapid, in order to avoid due to
Scion growth is too fast, is not engaged also with stock securely, and the phenomenon that grafting part is split occurs.The branch that scion is newly grown into
Row cutting back retains scion 40cm length.Bell flower is hanged to arbor type according to conventional trimming later to be managed.It is thorough after grafting 60 days
Bottom releases film in scion, and film on stock is thoroughly released after half a year.
This experiment has carried out 30 groups of grafting altogether, carries out survival rate statistics on May 4th, 2012, finds 30 groups of grafting
It all survives, the healing of 15 daily inspection scion and stock of April in 2013, it is found that interface healing is secured, beautiful, do not occur
Cracking phenomena and scion are more than the plant branch that do not graft, and growth is in great numbers, and flower amount is more.Scion branch is reasonable, structure is steady
It is fixed.It observes again in April, 2015 and does not find that the trend of aging occurs in interface, stock becames one completely with scion, on the whole
Tree-shaped is graceful, growing way is vigorous, robust growth.
Embodiment 2
It cultivates arbor type and hangs bell flower landscape tree, grafted using cleft graft.
(1) selection and pretreatment of stock:Using the yellow rose of Sharon as stock, grafting time selected the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground on October 10th, 2011
The yellow rose of Sharon for 2.0cm, mobile jib height 1.5m or more is stock, is trimmed to stock, wipes out whole branches and leaves of 1.5m or more.
(2) pretreatment of scion:Growth selection is healthy and strong and the outstanding bell flower semi-lignified of no disease and pests harm, rugosity are diameter
The annotinous branch of 1.0cm is trimmed with sharp and clean secateurs from tree as scion, wipes out withe thereon and leaf
Son, then cutting back is at the scion of 8cm long, and ensure that each scion upper end at least has that there are one bud points, then scion is placed in advance
In the valve bag squirted, moisturizing is carried out to scion.
(3) it grafts:Stock is rived by the two-sided positive wedge shape for being whittled into 3cm long in the lower end of scion, then with grafting knife, depth of riving
Degree is 3cm, is then rapidly inserted into scion, makes wherein being aligned on one side for stock and scion wedge-shaped edge, when insertion scion, wedge-shaped part
There are 0.2cm leakages to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally on the top of position.Using the mulch of 2cm wide, stock is tied up into consolidation from bottom to top from a mouthful lower part is split, with
Just waterproof, moisturizing.The top wrapping layer of transparent plastic film of scion is closed.
(4) grafting final-period management:After grafting, on October 10 same day, grafting plant is poured, is grafted 20 days
Afterwards, October 30 observed that the tender shoots that sprouts occurred in stock mobile jib, stock rudiment of erasing.After grafting 30 days, November 5, observe
Scion germinates new leaves bud, and one film packet of expansion, gently choosing makes its rupture, is grown in order to which it is normal, while also being smeared
Except stock rudiment.
(5) it is managed after grafting seedling:The water management that generally conventional property is carried out to grafting plant, continuously to stock
The rudiment sent out is erased in time, after grafting 25 days, it is found that scion starts gradually to grow, since this grafting time is autumn, is connect
Fringe growth is fast not as good as spring growth, and after grafting six months, on April 10th, 2012 carries out cutting back to the branch that scion is newly grown, protects
Stay scion 35cm length.Bell flower is hanged to arbor type with cultivation management according to conventional trimming later and carries out daily management.Grafting three
After month, film in scion is thoroughly released, film on stock is thoroughly released after half a year.
This experiment has carried out 25 groups of grafting altogether, carries out survival rate statistics on April 4th, 2012, finds 24 groups of grafting
It survives, survival rate is up to 96%, and after grafting 1 year, in October, 2012 checks the healing of scion and stock, it is found that interface is cured
Close securely, beautiful, not cracking phenomenon and scion is compacter than the plant branch that do not graft, growth is in great numbers, and flower amount is more.
Scion branch rationally, stable structure.Observe the trend for not finding to occur aging at interface healing, still jail in April, 2015 again
Admittedly be combined together, stock becames one completely with scion, and tree-shaped is graceful on the whole, growing way is vigorous, robust growth.
Embodiment 3
It cultivates arbor type and hangs bell flower landscape tree, grafted using cleft graft.
(1) selection and pretreatment of stock:Using the floral leaf Huang rose of Sharon as stock, grafting time selected chest on May 10th, 2011
Diameter is 1.8cm, and the floral leaf Huang rose of Sharon of mobile jib height 1.5m or more is stock, is trimmed to stock, wipes out the whole of 1.5m or more
Branches and leaves.
(2) pretreatment of scion:Growth selection is healthy and strong and the outstanding bell flower semi-lignified of no disease and pests harm, rugosity are diameter
The branch of 0.8cm is trimmed with sharp and clean secateurs from tree as scion, wipes out withe thereon and leaf, then short
It is cut into the scion of 13cm long, then scion is placed in the valve bag squirted in advance, moisturizing is carried out to scion.
(3) it grafts:Stock is rived by the two-sided positive wedge shape for being whittled into 5cm long in the lower end of scion, then with grafting knife, depth of riving
Degree is 5cm, is then rapidly inserted into scion, makes wherein being aligned on one side for stock and scion wedge-shaped edge, when insertion scion, wedge-shaped part
There are 0.1cm leakages to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally on the top of position.Using the transparent plastic mulch of 2cm wide, stock is tied from bottom to top from mouthful lower part is split
It ties solid, tightly.It wraps up 2 layer films and is closed in the top of scion.
(4) grafting final-period management:After grafting, the same day waters to grafting plant, after grafting 7 days, observation on May 17
It erases stock rudiment, after grafting 15 days, gently chooses scion and germinate new leaves bud institute expansion film packet, while the stock that also carries out erasing is sprouted
Bud.
(5) it is managed after grafting seedling:Common aqueous management is carried out to it, constantly wipes out the rudiment that stock is sent out, is grafted
After 30 days, scion upper film is thoroughly released, cutting back is carried out to the long branch that scion is newly grown, retains scion 35cm length.With
Bell flower is hanged to arbor type according to conventional trimming afterwards and carries out conventional trimming maintenance management.It is thoroughly released after grafting half a year thin on stock
Film.
This experiment has carried out 40 groups of grafting altogether, carries out survival rate statistics on June 10th, 2011, finds the 40 of grafting
Group all survives, and in May, 2012 checks the healing of scion and stock, find interface healing securely, it is beautiful, do not open
It splits phenomenon and plant branch is more, growth is in great numbers, and flower amount is more.Branch rationally, stable structure.In April, 2015 is observed do not send out again
There is the trend of aging in existing interface, and stock becames one completely with scion, and tree-shaped is graceful on the whole, growing way is vigorous, growth is strong
It is strong.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of arbor type hangs the breeding method of bell flower landscape tree, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
(1) stock pre-processes:In 3~May or 10~November, select that no disease and pests harm, robust growth, cane be upright, chest
The stock of diameter >=1.0cm, the yellow rose of Sharon of cane height >=1.0m or the floral leaf Huang rose of Sharon as grafting, trims stock, removes pre-
Grafting point is with whole branches and leaves of upper bit;
(2) scion pre-processes:The outstanding bell flower semi-lignified branch of growth selection stalwartness, no disease and pests harm, diameter 0.3~1.0cm rugosity
Item is cut with secateurs from tree, then cutting back at 8~15cm long scion;
(3) it grafts:The lower end of scion is whittled into the positive wedge shape of 3~5cm long, then stock is rived with grafting knife, depth of riving is
The equivalent length of scion wedge shape length, is then rapidly inserted into scion, makes the wherein right on one side of rootstock opening-cleaving and scion wedge-shaped edge
Together, and there are the leakages of 0.1~0.3cm long on the top at the wedge-shaped position of scion;Stock is split into mouth from bottom to top with film
Tie up consolidation;
(4) managing after grafting:It waters in due course after grafting, stock rudiment of erasing in time, until the new leaf bud expansion that scion is sprouted
When one film packet, needling film makes leaf bud spread apart;After 30 days, such as find that scion growth is too fast, reply scion is newly grown
Branch carry out cutting back, retain scion 30~50cm length, hanging bell flower to arbor type according to conventional trimming later is managed.
2. breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In step (2), by the scion cut be placed in humidity >=
Moisturizing in 90% hermetic bag.
3. breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In step (3), scion top is also wrapped up 1~3 layer thin
Film.
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Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN101637099A (en) * | 2009-08-24 | 2010-02-03 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Method for grafting and cultivating salt resistant type hibiscus nursling by taking hibiscus hamabo as wildstock |
CN104082044A (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2014-10-08 | 芜湖欧标农业发展有限公司 | European variegated leaf hibiscus grafting method |
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CN101637099A (en) * | 2009-08-24 | 2010-02-03 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Method for grafting and cultivating salt resistant type hibiscus nursling by taking hibiscus hamabo as wildstock |
CN104082044A (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2014-10-08 | 芜湖欧标农业发展有限公司 | European variegated leaf hibiscus grafting method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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花卉高枝嫁接技术简介;黄穆莹;《生物学通报》;19920930(第9期);36 * |
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