CN105714575A - 一种阻燃纤维的染色工艺 - Google Patents

一种阻燃纤维的染色工艺 Download PDF

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CN105714575A
CN105714575A CN201610273373.5A CN201610273373A CN105714575A CN 105714575 A CN105714575 A CN 105714575A CN 201610273373 A CN201610273373 A CN 201610273373A CN 105714575 A CN105714575 A CN 105714575A
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CN105714575B (zh
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叶民
金泽
王益明
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Hangzhou Zhuoda Printing & Dyeing Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明的目的在于提供一种阻燃纤维的染色工艺，其包括如下步骤：步骤1，退浆：将阻燃纤维加至5060℃的退浆水溶液中，保温，水洗；步骤2，漂洗：取退浆后的阻燃纤维，将其加至95100℃的漂洗水溶液中，保温，水洗；步骤3，去毛：取漂洗后的阻燃纤维，将其除去表面毛羽；步骤4，染色：取去毛后的阻燃纤维，将其加至1535℃水中，逐渐将水浴升温至100102℃，在水浴为6871℃时加入染料且至水浴为95100℃时加入染料助剂，于100102℃下保温0.51hr；逐渐将水浴升温至130135℃，并在130135℃下保温0.51hr；逐渐将水浴降温至7580℃；取出阻燃纤维并将其在7580℃下皂洗0.10.5hr；步骤5，整理：取染色后的阻燃纤维，将其依次经过空气整理和罐蒸整理；其具有提高染色效果的优点。

Description

一种阻燃纤维的染色工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及印染技术领域，更具体地说，它涉及一种阻燃纤维的染色工艺。
背景技术
在一些领域如消防服装上，阻燃纤维一直是较为重要的一环。纤维的阻燃由燃烧过程可以看出，就是设法阻碍纤维的热分解，抑制可燃性气体生成和稀释可燃性气体，改变热分解反应机理，阻断热反馈回路，以及隔离空气和热环境，来达到消除或减轻燃烧三要素(可燃物质、温度、氧气)的影响，而达到阻燃的目的。
申请公布号为CN103614795A，申请公布日为2014年3月5日的中国专利公开了一种粘胶阻燃纤维，其是在粘胶纤维纺丝液中均匀加入一定比例的阻燃剂，待充分溶解后，经挤压过滤后由喷丝板喷出。这一方式是通过在普通纤维中添加阻燃剂，使得纤维具有阻燃的效果，是目前相当一部分阻燃纤维的开发方向。
近几年来，芳纶、维纶、宝德纶、腈氯纶等耐高温耐久阻燃纤维相继面世，其因优异的阻燃性而备受关注，其有望成为阻燃纤维中的一大新兴市场。然而，在实际应用中发现，芳纶、维纶、宝德纶、腈氯纶这些纤维的结构致密，且其模量较高，常规工艺下难以上染或染色效果较差。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种阻燃纤维的染色工艺，其解决了阻燃纤维难以上染或染色效果较差的问题，其具有提高染色效果的优点。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下技术方案：
一种阻燃纤维的染色工艺，其包括如下步骤：
步骤1，退浆处理：将阻燃纤维加至50-60℃的退浆水溶液中，保温放置10-24hr，之后水洗除去其表面残留物；
步骤2，漂洗处理：取经步骤1处理后的阻燃纤维，将其加至95-100℃的漂洗水溶液中，保温放置0.5-2hr，之后水洗除去其表面残留物；
步骤3，去毛处理：取经步骤2处理后的阻燃纤维，将其除去表面毛羽；
步骤4，染色处理：取经步骤3处理后的阻燃纤维，将其加至15-35℃水中，逐渐将水浴升温至100-102℃，在水浴为68-71℃时加入染料且至水浴为95-100℃时加入染料助剂，于100-102℃下保温0.5-1hr；
逐渐将水浴升温至130-135℃，并在130-135℃下保温0.5-1hr；逐渐将水浴降温至75-80℃；取出阻燃纤维并将其在75-80℃下皂洗0.1-0.5hr；
步骤5，整理处理：取经步骤4处理后的阻燃纤维，将其依次经过空气整理和罐蒸整理，即得。
作为优选，步骤1中，所述退浆水溶液的浓度为10-15g/l；所述退浆水溶液的活性成分包括生物退浆酶、酶活化剂、第一渗透剂和冰醋酸，且所述生物退浆酶、酶活化剂、渗透剂和冰醋酸的重量用量比为5-6∶3-4∶1-2∶1。
作为优选，所述生物退浆酶选用α-淀粉酶、果胶酶、复合酶中的至少一种；所述酶活化剂选用金属盐；所述第一渗透剂选用聚氧乙烯醚、失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯中的至少一种。
作为优选，步骤1中，所述漂洗水溶液的浓度为10-20g/l；所述漂洗水溶液的活性成分包括氢氧化钠、双氧水、稳定剂、第二渗透剂和螯合剂，且所述氢氧化钠、双氧水、稳定剂、第二渗透剂和螯合剂的重量用量比为4-6∶5-8∶4-6∶1-2∶1。
作为优选，所述稳定剂选用稀土类；所述第二渗透剂选用聚氧乙烯醚、失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯中的至少一种；所述螯合剂选用EDTA。
作为优选，步骤1和步骤2中的水洗温度为50-70℃。
作为优选，步骤4中，所述染料选用高温型分散染料、阳离子染料中的至少一种；水浴中所述染料助剂的浓度为5-10g/l，所述染料助剂包括匀染剂、第三渗透剂和螯合分散剂，且所述匀染剂、第三渗透剂和螯合分散剂的重量用量比为1∶0.5-2∶0.5-2。
作为优选，所述匀染剂选用聚氧乙烯醚、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、木质素磺酸盐、PEO/PPO共聚物中的至少一种；所述第三渗透剂选用聚氧乙烯醚、失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯中的至少一种；所述螯合分散剂选用多元醇丙烯酸酯、多羟基烷基丙烯酸酯中的至少一种。
作为优选，所述空气整理在空气整理机中进行，其具体步骤为：纤维在125-140℃的湿热高速气流下运转，随气流方向的改变，纤维在不锈钢折板上反复摔打搓揉；其中，所述湿热的高速气流中添加有空气整理剂，所述空气整理剂的浓度为30-50g/l；所述空气整理剂包括柔软剂和抗静电剂，且所述柔软剂和抗静电剂的重量用量比为1∶2-3。
作为优选，所述柔软剂选用脂肪族衍生物柔软剂；所述抗静电剂选用氟化烷基磺酸盐
通过采用上述技术方案，具有以下有益效果：
本申请通过退浆→漂洗→去毛→染色→整理的工序来对耐高温耐久阻燃纤维进行染色处理，通过退浆、漂洗和去毛处理将纤维表面及附着在纤维空腔内的油脂等杂质，并将这些纤维的致密结构打开使其松散，提高染色的可能性；之后在染色时采用逐步升温法进行染色，将纤维的致密结构完全打开，且促进染料上染，研究发现染色废水中染料的残留率，减少染料废水中的染料残留，提高染料的利用率，实现清洁生产，节能环保；染色废水可再次回收利用，大大减少了染色用水；染色后再通过空气整理和罐蒸整理，进一步提高染色附着力和耐久性，并使得纤维更为阔挺美观；
本申请采用生物退浆酶、酶活化剂、第一渗透剂和冰醋酸作为退浆水溶液的活性成分，氢氧化钠、双氧水、稳定剂、第二渗透剂和螯合剂作为漂洗水溶液的活性成分，匀染剂、第三渗透剂和螯合分散剂作为染料助剂，柔软剂和抗静电剂作为空气整理剂，研究发现其阻燃性能较佳，且其具有较好的耐光牢度、耐摩擦色牢度、耐洗色牢度和耐汗渍色牢度，符合国标，其综合性能佳；
本申请采用的工艺具有较好的平行性，其能适用于不同原料批次的制备，且其效果基本一致，具有较好的大生产化价值。
具体实施方式
实施例1-5
一种阻燃纤维的染色工艺，其包括如下步骤：
步骤1，退浆处理：将阻燃纤维加至50-60℃的退浆水溶液中，保温放置10-24hr，之后50-70℃水洗除去其表面残留物；
步骤2，漂洗处理：取经步骤1处理后的阻燃纤维，将其加至95-100℃的漂洗水溶液中，保温放置0.5-2hr，之后50-70℃水洗除去其表面残留物；
步骤3，去毛处理：取经步骤2处理后的阻燃纤维，将其除去表面毛羽；
步骤4，染色处理：取经步骤3处理后的阻燃纤维，将其加至15-35℃水中，逐渐将水浴升温至100-102℃，在水浴为68-71℃时加入染料且至水浴为95-100℃时加入染料助剂，于100-102℃下保温0.5-1hr；逐渐将水浴升温至130-135℃，并在130-135℃下保温0.5-1hr；逐渐将水浴降温至75-80℃；取出阻燃纤维并将其在75-80℃下皂洗0.1-0.5hr；
步骤5，整理处理：取经步骤4处理后的阻燃纤维，将其依次经过空气整理和罐蒸整理，即得；
空气整理在空气整理机中进行，其具体步骤为：纤维在125-140℃的湿热高速气流下运转，随气流方向的改变，纤维在不锈钢折板上反复摔打搓揉；其中，所述湿热的高速气流中添加有空气整理剂；
罐蒸整理在罐蒸机中进行，其具体步骤为：采用羊毛毯将纤维紧紧地裹在夹层里，通过高温蒸汽整理；
其中，实施例1-5染色的对象分别为纯芳纶1314、纯维纶、纯宝德纶、纯腈氯纶、芳纶1314和纯维纶混纺纤维(其含量各50wt％)，实施例1-5过程中使用的各原料及其用料如表1-5所示。
按国标检测实施例1-5制备的样品，其检测结果如表6所示。
表1 实施例1的过程中使用的各原料及其用量
表2 实施例2的过程中使用的各原料及其用量
表3 实施例3的过程中使用的各原料及其用量
表4 实施例4的过程中使用的各原料及其用量
表5 实施例5的过程中使用的各原料及其用量
表6 各项性能检测结果
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上述实施例，凡属于本发明思路下的技术方案均属于本发明的保护范围。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理前提下的若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种阻燃纤维的染色工艺，其特征在于，其包括如下步骤：
步骤1，退浆处理：将阻燃纤维加至50-60℃的退浆水溶液中，保温放置10-24hr，之后水洗除去其表面残留物；
步骤2，漂洗处理：取经步骤1处理后的阻燃纤维，将其加至95-100℃的漂洗水溶液中，保温放置0.5-2hr，之后水洗除去其表面残留物；
步骤3，去毛处理：取经步骤2处理后的阻燃纤维，将其除去表面毛羽；
步骤4，染色处理：取经步骤3处理后的阻燃纤维，将其加至15-35℃水中，逐渐将水浴升温至100-102℃，在水浴为68-71℃时加入染料且至水浴为95-100℃时加入染料助剂，于100-102℃下保温0.5-1hr；
逐渐将水浴升温至130-135℃，并在130-135℃下保温0.5-1hr；逐渐将水浴降温至75-80℃；
取出阻燃纤维并将其在75-80℃下皂洗0.1-0.5hr；
步骤5，整理处理：取经步骤4处理后的阻燃纤维，将其依次经过空气整理和罐蒸整理，即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃纤维的染色工艺，其特征在于，步骤1中，所述退浆水溶液的浓度为10-15g/l；所述退浆水溶液的活性成分包括生物退浆酶、酶活化剂、第一渗透剂和冰醋酸，且所述生物退浆酶、酶活化剂、渗透剂和冰醋酸的重量用量比为5-6：3-4：1-2：1。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种阻燃纤维的染色工艺，其特征在于，
所述生物退浆酶选用α-淀粉酶、果胶酶、复合酶中的至少一种；
所述酶活化剂选用金属盐；
所述第一渗透剂选用聚氧乙烯醚、失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃纤维的染色工艺，其特征在于，步骤1中，所述漂洗水溶液的浓度为10-20g/l；所述漂洗水溶液的活性成分包括氢氧化钠、双氧水、稳定剂、第二渗透剂和螯合剂，且所述氢氧化钠、双氧水、稳定剂、第二渗透剂和螯合剂的重量用量比为4-6：5-8：4-6：1-2：1。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种阻燃纤维的染色工艺，其特征在于，
所述稳定剂选用稀土类；
所述第二渗透剂选用聚氧乙烯醚、失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯中的至少一种；
所述螯合剂选用EDTA。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃纤维的染色工艺，其特征在于，步骤1和步骤2中的水洗温度为50-70℃。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃纤维的染色工艺，其特征在于，步骤4中，所述染料选用高温型分散染料、阳离子染料中的至少一种；水浴中所述染料助剂的浓度为5-10g/l，所述染料助剂包括匀染剂、第三渗透剂和螯合分散剂，且所述匀染剂、第三渗透剂和螯合分散剂的重量用量比为1：0.5-2：0.5-2。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种阻燃纤维的染色工艺，其特征在于，
所述匀染剂选用聚氧乙烯醚、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、木质素磺酸盐、PEO/PPO共聚物中的至少一种；
所述第三渗透剂选用聚氧乙烯醚、失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯中的至少一种；
所述螯合分散剂选用多元醇丙烯酸酯、多羟基烷基丙烯酸酯中的至少一种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃纤维的染色工艺，其特征在于，所述空气整理在空气整理机中进行，其具体步骤为：纤维在125-140℃的湿热高速气流下运转，随气流方向的改变，纤维在不锈钢折板上反复摔打搓揉；其中，所述湿热的高速气流中添加有空气整理剂，所述空气整理剂的浓度为30-50g/l；所述空气整理剂包括柔软剂和抗静电剂，且所述柔软剂和抗静电剂的重量用量比为1：2-3。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种阻燃纤维的染色工艺，其特征在于，所述柔软剂选用脂肪族衍生物柔软剂；所述抗静电剂选用氟化烷基磺酸盐。
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