CN105687864A - 一种含艾叶的治疗社区获得性肺炎的药物组合物 - Google Patents
一种含艾叶的治疗社区获得性肺炎的药物组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105687864A CN105687864A CN201610160011.5A CN201610160011A CN105687864A CN 105687864 A CN105687864 A CN 105687864A CN 201610160011 A CN201610160011 A CN 201610160011A CN 105687864 A CN105687864 A CN 105687864A
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- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于中药技术领域,涉及一种含艾叶的治疗社区获得性肺炎的药物组合物,该药物组合物包括艾叶、黄芩、胡颓子叶、川贝母、莱菔子、沙参、兰石草、麦门冬、香橼、石斛、天竺黄、甘草。本发明遵循君、臣、佐、使的制方规律,用药适宜,配伍严谨,主次分明,相互增益,可平喘止咳、清热润肺、益气扶正。本发明治疗社区获得性肺炎,针对性强,疗效明显,治愈率高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药技术领域,具体涉及一种含有艾叶的治疗社区获得性肺炎的药物组合物。
背景技术
社区获得性肺炎,是指在医院外催患的感染性肺实质(含肺泡壁,即广义上的肺间质)炎症,包括具有明确潜伏期的病原体感染而在人院后潜伏期内发病的肺炎。CAP是威胁人类健康的常见感染性疾病之一,其致病原的组成和耐药特性在不同国家、不同地区之间存在着明显差异,而且随着时间的推移而不断变迁。
近年来,由于社会人口的老龄化、免疫损害宿主增加、病原体变迁和抗生素耐药率上升等原因,社区获得性肺炎的治辽面临许多新间题。中医药在改善症状体征、缩短疗程及提高总体治疗效果方面显示出巨大的优势,为此研究行之有效的治疗社区获得性肺炎的中药组合物十分必要。
目前公开的治疗社区获得性肺炎的发明专利有很多,例如:中国发明专利申请:201410822536.1公开了一种药物组合物在制备治疗社区获得性肺炎药物中的用途,该药物组合物包括太子参、黄芪、麦冬、玉竹、手掌参、熟地黄、天花粉、黄芩、白花蛇舌草、甘草制备原料,但现有的药物组合物适用性比较单一,疗程较长、见效不明显。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术中的不足之处,提供一种适用性广、见效快疗程短、使用方便的治疗社区获得性肺炎的中药。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
一种含艾叶的治疗社区获得性肺炎的药物组合物,包括以下制备原料:艾叶、黄芩、胡颓子叶、川贝母、莱菔子、沙参、兰石草、麦门冬、香橼、石斛、天竺黄和甘草。优选的,各制备原料的重量分数如下:
艾叶20-27份、黄芩18-26份、胡颓子叶15-21份、川贝母17-22份、莱菔子16-21份、沙参15-20份、兰石草17-22份、麦门冬12-18份、香橼14-19份、石斛13-19份、天竺黄10-17份和甘草6-13份。
进一步优选地,所述的药物组合物包括下述重量分数的制备原料:
艾叶20份、黄芩18份、胡颓子叶15份、川贝母17份、莱菔子16份、沙参15份、兰石草17份、麦门冬12份、香橼14份、石斛13份、天竺黄10份和甘草6份。
进一步优选地,所述的药物组合物包括下述重量分数的制备原料:
艾叶27份、黄芩26份、胡颓子叶21份、川贝母22份、莱菔子21份、沙参20份、兰石草22份、麦门冬18份、香橼19份、石斛19份、天竺黄17份和甘草13份。
进一步优选地,所述的药物组合物包括下述重量分数的制备原料:
艾叶24份、黄芩22份、胡颓子叶18份、川贝母24份、莱菔子19份、沙参18份、兰石草19份、麦门冬15份、香橼17份、石斛16份、天竺黄14份和甘草10份。
本发明还提供了所述的药物组合物的的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将艾叶、黄芩、胡颓子叶、川贝母、莱菔子、甘草去杂质,洗净、烘干,粉碎成粗粉;
(2)将沙参去除表层,洗净、烘干,粉碎成粗粉;
(3)将步骤(1)和步骤(2)制备的粗粉混合均匀后,加入粗粉总重量6-12倍量水浸泡1-3小时,煎煮3-5小时;过滤,滤渣加入3-6倍量水,煎煮2-4小时;过滤,滤渣再次加入1-3倍量水,煎煮1-2小时,过滤,合并三次滤液,滤液浓缩至55-60℃环境下相对密度为1.15-1.20的浓缩液,备用;
(4)称取兰石草、麦门冬、香橼、石斛、天竺黄后混合,用5-10倍量体积比为60-90%的乙醇提取2-3次,每次5-8小时,过滤,合并滤液,回收乙醇,浓缩滤液至60-65℃环境下相对密度为1.15-1.20的浓缩液,备用;
(5)将步骤(3)和步骤(4)制成的浓缩液合并,浓缩至相对密度为1.20-1.35的稠膏,即得药物组合物。
在此基础上直接入药服用或加入辅料用常规制剂工艺制得口服液、水剂、冲剂、胶囊剂或散剂等常用的口服制剂。
本发明治疗社区获得性肺炎的药物组合物成分,其中
艾叶:本品为菊科植物艾的干燥叶。夏季花未开时采摘,除去杂质,晒干;性味苦辛,温;归肝、脾、肾经;散寒止痛,温经止血;
黄芩:本品为唇形科植物黄芩的干燥根;性味苦,寒;归肺、胆、脾、大肠、小肠经;清热燥湿,泻火解毒,止血,安胎;
胡颓子叶:本品为胡颓子科植物胡颓子的叶片;性味酸、微温;归肺经;止咳平喘、止血、解毒;
川贝母:本品为百合科植物川贝母、暗紫贝母、甘肃贝母或梭砂贝母的干燥鳞茎;性味苦、甘,微寒;归肺、心经;清热润肺,化痰止咳;
莱菔子:本品为十字花科植物萝卜的干燥成熟种子;性味辛、甘,平;归肺、脾、胃经;消食除胀,降气化痰;
沙参:为桔梗科沙参属植物四叶沙参、杏叶沙参或其同属植物,以根入药;性味甘,凉;归肺;胃经;清热养阴,润肺止咳;
兰石草:本品为玄参科兰石草属植物兰石草的全草,其果实亦入药;性味甘、苦,寒;归肺,胃、大肠等经;清肺,祛痰,解毒;
麦门冬:为百合科植物沿阶草的块根;甘微苦,寒;入肺、胃、心经;养阴润肺,清心除烦,益胃生津;
香橼;本品为芸香科植物枸橼或香圆(西南香圆)的干燥成熟果实;性味辛、苦、酸,温;归肝、脾、肺经;舒肝理气,宽中,化痰;
石斛:本品为兰科植物环草石斛、马鞭石斛、黄草石斛、铁皮石斛或金钗石斛的新鲜或干燥茎;性味甘淡微咸,寒;入胃、肺,肾经;生津益胃;滋阴清热;润肺益肾;明目强腰
天竺黄:为禾本科植物青皮竹或华思劳竹等秆内的分泌液干燥后的块状物;味甘,性寒;归心、肝经;清热豁痰,凉心定惊;
甘草:本品为豆科植物甘草、胀果甘草或光果甘草的干燥根;性味甘、平;补脾益气,清热解毒,祛痰止咳,缓急止痛,调和诸药。
上述诸药中,艾叶和黄芩为君药,散寒止血,清热燥湿,对社区获得性肺炎起到主要治疗作用;胡颓子叶、川贝母、莱菔子为臣药,其中,胡颓子叶、川贝母药性温和,归肺经,清热润肺,止咳平喘,辅助君药促进治疗社区获得性肺炎症状;莱菔子药性温和,归肺经,预防社区获得性肺炎后续症状;沙参、兰石草、麦门冬、香橼、石斛、天竺黄为佐药,其中,沙参、兰石草、麦门冬养阴润肺、润肺止咳,协助君、臣药加强治疗社区获得性肺炎,香橼、石斛、天竺黄清热豁痰,治疗诸如咳嗽不止等后续症状;甘草为使药,在于调和诸药药效。组方各药相互作用,相互融通,相互促进,增强治疗社区获得性肺炎的药效。本发明药物组合物组方遵循君、臣、佐、使的制方规律,用药适宜,配伍严谨,主次分明,恰和病情。
本发明和现有技术相比,具有如下技术优势:
1、本发明治疗社区获得性肺炎的药物组合物,发挥中药辨证治疗的效果,用药适宜,配伍严谨,主次分明,恰和病情,对社区获得性肺炎的适用性广。
2、本发明治疗社区获得性肺炎的药物组合物,显效快,治愈率高,疗程短。
3、本发明治疗社区获得性肺炎的药物组合物,用药精简,用药量少,药材皆为中国药典所列,来源广、成本低。
4、本发明治疗社区获得性肺炎的药物组合物,制备工艺简单易行,适合工业化生产。
具体实施方式:
以下通过具体实施方式的描述对本发明作进一步说明,但这并非是对本发明的限制,本领域技术人员根据本发明的基本思想,可以做出各种修改或改进,但是只要不脱离本发明的基本思想,均在本发明的范围之内。
实施例1
本发明实施例1药物组合物由如下重量份的原料制备而成:
艾叶20份黄芩18份胡颓子叶15份川贝母17份莱菔子16份沙参15份
兰石草17份麦门冬12份香橼14份石斛13份天竺黄10份甘草6份
制备方法如下:
(1)将艾叶、黄芩、胡颓子叶、川贝母、莱菔子、甘草去杂质,洗净、烘干,粉碎成粗粉;
(2)将沙参去除表层,洗净、烘干,粉碎成粗粉;
(3)将上述步骤(1)和步骤(2)制备的粗粉混合均匀后,加入粗粉总重量6倍量水浸泡1小时,煎煮3小时;过滤,滤渣加入3倍量水,煎煮2小时;过滤,滤渣再次加入1倍量水,煎煮1小时,过滤,合并三次滤液,滤液浓缩至55℃环境下相对密度为1.15的浓缩液,备用;
(4)称取兰石草、麦门冬、香橼、石斛、天竺黄后混合,用5倍量体积比为60%的乙醇提取2次,每次5小时,过滤,合并滤液,回收乙醇,浓缩滤液至60℃环境下相对密度为1.15的浓缩液,备用;
(5)将上述步骤(3)和步骤(4)制成的浓缩液合并,浓缩至相对密度为1.20的稠膏,减压干燥,粉碎后过80目筛,得到均匀的药物组合物细粉;
(6)在此基础上加入辅料用常规制剂工艺制得片剂。
实施例2
本发明实施例2药物组合物由如下重量份的原料制备而成:
艾叶27份黄芩26份胡颓子叶21份川贝母22份莱菔子21份沙参20份
兰石草22份麦门冬18份香橼19份石斛19份天竺黄17份甘草13份
制备方法如下:
(1)将艾叶、黄芩、胡颓子叶、川贝母、莱菔子、甘草去杂质,洗净、烘干,粉碎成粗粉;
(2)将沙参去除表层,洗净、烘干,粉碎成粗粉;
(3)将上述步骤(1)和步骤(2)制备的粗粉混合均匀后,加入粗粉总重量12倍量水浸泡3小时,煎煮5小时;过滤,滤渣加入6倍量水,煎煮4小时;过滤,滤渣再次加入3倍量水,煎煮2小时,过滤,合并三次滤液,滤液浓缩至60℃环境下相对密度为1.20的浓缩液,备用;
(4)称取兰石草、麦门冬、香橼、石斛、天竺黄后混合,用10倍量体积比为90%的乙醇提取3次,每次8小时,过滤,合并滤液,回收乙醇,浓缩滤液至65℃环境下相对密度为1.20的浓缩液,备用;
(5)将上述步骤(3)和步骤(4)制成的浓缩液合并,浓缩至相对密度为1.35的稠膏,减压干燥,粉碎后过200目筛,得到均匀的药物组合物细粉;
(6)在此基础上加入辅料用常规制剂工艺制得颗粒剂。
实施例3
本发明实施例3药物组合物由如下重量份的原料制备而成:
艾叶24份黄芩22份胡颓子叶18份川贝母24份莱菔子19份沙参18份
兰石草19份麦门冬15份香橼17份石斛16份天竺黄14份甘草10份
制备方法如下:
(1)将艾叶、黄芩、胡颓子叶、川贝母、莱菔子、甘草去杂质,洗净、烘干,粉碎成粗粉;
(2)将沙参去除表层,洗净、烘干,粉碎成粗粉;
(3)将上述步骤(1)和步骤(2)制备的粗粉混合均匀后,加入粗粉总重量12倍量水浸3小时,煎煮5小时;过滤,滤渣加入6倍量水,煎煮4小时;过滤,滤渣再次加入3倍量水,煎煮2小时,过滤,合并三次滤液,滤液浓缩至60℃环境下相对密度为1.20的浓缩液,备用;
(4)称取兰石草、麦门冬、香橼、石斛、天竺黄后混合,用10倍量体积比为90%的乙醇提取2次,每次5小时,过滤,合并滤液,回收乙醇,浓缩滤液至60℃环境下相对密度为1.15的浓缩液,备用;
(5)将上述步骤(3)和步骤(4)制成的浓缩液合并,浓缩至相对密度为1.20的稠膏,减压干燥,粉碎后过80目筛,得到均匀的药物组合物细粉;
(6)在此基础上加入辅料用常规制剂工艺制得胶囊剂。
实施例4
本发明实施例4药物组合物由如下重量份的原料制备而成:
艾叶24份黄芩22份胡颓子叶18份川贝母24份莱菔子19份沙参18份
兰石草19份麦门冬15份香橼17份石斛16份天竺黄14份甘草10份
制备方法如下:
(1)将艾叶、黄芩、胡颓子叶、川贝母、莱菔子、甘草去杂质,洗净、烘干,粉碎成粗粉;
(2)将沙参去除表层,洗净、烘干,粉碎成粗粉;
(3)将上述步骤(1)和步骤(2)制备的粗粉混合均匀后,加入粗粉总重量12倍量水浸泡1小时,煎煮3小时;过滤,滤渣加入6倍量水,煎煮2小时;过滤,滤渣再次加入1倍量水,煎煮1小时,过滤,合并三次滤液,滤液浓缩至55℃环境下相对密度为1.20的浓缩液,备用;
(4)称取兰石草、麦门冬、香橼、石斛、天竺黄后混合,用5倍量体积比为60%的乙醇提取3次,每次5小时,过滤,合并滤液,回收乙醇,浓缩滤液至60℃环境下相对密度为1.15的浓缩液,备用;
(5)将上述步骤(3)和步骤(4)制成的浓缩液合并,浓缩至相对密度为1.35的稠膏,减压干燥,粉碎后过200目筛,得到均匀的药物组合物细粉;
(6)在此基础上加入辅料用常规制剂工艺制得颗粒剂。
本发明药物组合物药效学研究:
试验例一:本发明药物组合物对大鼠肺炎支原体感染动物模型的治疗研究
1.实验目的及方法
目的:根据《中药新药药理学研究指南》的要求,研究本发明药物组合物在治疗社区获得性肺炎的主要药效学,将具体实施例3得到的本发明药物组合物的胶囊剂对社区获得性肺炎的大鼠模型给药,观察本发明药物组合物对社区获得性肺炎的影响。
方法:30只4-6周SPF级雄性SD大鼠购买自中国医学科学院放射研究所,平均体重120-160g,所有动物在3级清洁动物实验室饲养3天以适应环境。每日接种100uL106CFU/mL的肺炎支原体纯培养物,连续接种4天,筛选出24只社区获得性肺炎大鼠模型。24只大鼠随机分为感染组8只、阿奇霉素组8只、本发明药物组合物治疗组8只,另外设8只正常大鼠组,每组分笼饲养,每笼4只。
各组处理如下:感染组跟其他组相同喂食,不做任何药物处理;阿奇霉素组每日皮下注射阿奇霉素(10mg/kg体重),配制浓度为10mg/mL的阿奇霉素药物,即将500mg注射用阿奇霉素溶于50mL生理盐水中;本发明药物组合物治疗组每日皮下注射具体实施例3得到的胶囊剂(10mg/kg体重,胶囊剂用生理盐水溶解配制药物组合物终浓度为10mg/mL的药物溶液);正常组不做处理立即处死制作病理切片评分。
2.药物处理后评估标准
各组均在最后一次接种开始处理,连续用相应药物组合物处理6天后处死大鼠,切开胸腔后,经气管向肺内注射10%甲醛溶液,固定肺组织。结扎气管后,取完整的肺组织(包括完整的左右支气管),浸入盛有10%甲醛溶液的洁净容器中,进行组织病理学评分。采用用于仓鼠的社区获得性肺炎组织病理学评分系统对大鼠模型进行评价。采用盲法对组织病理学标本进行评分,也就是评分的组织病理学工作者不知道组织的来源且来自于动物的左右肺的全部的被检玻片均随机化检测。本评价系统由一个0~23分范围的可数评分组成。在该评分系统中,分别对每张切片的腔周围浸润而致的细支气管和支气管的数目,管腔周围浸润的程度、管腔内渗出的严重度、血管周围浸润的程度、实质性肺炎的严重度进行评分,合计积分,随后将每一侧肺的评分相加除以2,得到每一只大鼠的肺组织病理学评分。
组织病理学评分系统:
A.细支气管周围/支气管浸润部位的百分率:0=无;1=少许(<25%);2=许多(25%一75%);3=所有(>75%)
B.细支气管/支气管周围浸润的定性:0=无,偶见轻微浸润或支气管周围淋巴样细胞团块见于正常动物;1=轻,不正常。常常伴有间断的环;2=中度,完整的环或新月形的环,伴有<5个细胞的厚度;3=严重,完全的环,伴有>5-10个细胞厚度
C.细支气管/支气管腔渗出:0=无;1=轻度,<25%腔闭合;2=重度,>25%腔闭合
D.血管周围浸润.(部位的百分率):0=无,1=少(<10%);2=许多(10%-50%);3=大多数(>50%)
E.实质性肺炎:0=无;1=轻度:斑状实质性浸润;2=重度:斑状融台的实质性浸润。
最后分数为A+3(B+C)+D+E,记录每组每只大鼠评分,统计组间差异以及组内差异评估本发明药物组合物药效。
3.结果处理
不同组别病理学评分结果比较
注:统计分析,与正常组相比,*P<0.05,**P<0.01。
4.结论
由上述病理学评分结果可知,本发明药物组合物具有改善社区获得性肺炎大鼠模型病理学特征的作用,并进而改善社区获得性肺炎的相关病症,并且本发明药物组合物的治疗效果接近于抗生素阿奇霉素。
试验二:本发明药物组合物对社区获得性肺炎临床志愿者患者的临床疗效观察
1一般资料
患者100例,男53例,女47例;年龄20~60岁,平均年龄41岁,明确诊断为社区获得性肺炎。
按照国家卫生计委颁发的标准,社区获得性肺炎筛选标准为:1.新近出现的咳嗽、咳痰或原有呼吸道疾病症状加重,并出现脓性痰,伴或不伴胸痛;2.发热;3.肺实变体征和(或)闻及湿性哆音;4.WBC>10x109个/L或<4x109个/L,伴或不伴细胞核左移;5.胸部X线检查显示片状、斑片状浸润性阴影或间质性改变,伴或不伴胸腔积液。
以上1-4项中任何1项加第5项,并除外肺结核、肺部肿瘤、非感染性肺间质性疾病、肺水肿、肺不张、肺栓塞、肺嗜酸性粒细胞浸润症及肺血管炎等后,可建立临床诊断。
2治疗方法
对患者采用本发明具体实施例3得到的中药组合物胶囊制剂,一日两次,连续6日为一个疗程。连续使用两个疗程并且每个疗程观察患者症状。
3疗效评定标准
治疗效果:
痊愈:患者经过治疗后,其临床症状、体征、病原学检查和实验室检查均完全恢复正常。
显效:患者治疗后,其症状体征等明显好转,但四项检查中有一项尚未恢复正常。
好转:患者治疗后,临床症状等有所好转。
无效:患者经过治疗后,各项检查无明显变化,甚至加重。
细菌清除率:
清除:患者经过两个疗程结束后,其标本中的病原菌完全被清除。
部分清除:患者治疗后,其原有的病原菌有一种被清除。
未清除:患者治疗结束后,既往病原菌无变化。
替换:既有病原菌被清除,但有新的病原菌出现,且有临床症状。
4治疗结果
使用本发明药物组合物一、二个疗程后的效果统计如下
表二社区获得性肺炎临床志愿者使用本发明药物组合物一个疗程后的效果统计
表三社区获得性肺炎临床志愿者使用本发明药物组合物二个疗程后的效果统计
表四社区获得性肺炎临床志愿者使用本发明药物组合物后的细菌清除结果统计
5结论
从表二~四可以得出,本发明药物组合物具有消炎润肺,清除病原的功效,而且针对性强,疗程短,能够有效治疗社区获得性肺炎。
由于已经通过以上较佳实施例描述了本发明,在本发明的精神和/或范围内,任何针对本发明的替换/或组合来实施本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说都是显而易见的,且包含在本发明之中。
Claims (7)
1.一种含艾叶的治疗社区获得性肺炎的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述的药物组合物包括以下制备原料:艾叶、黄芩、胡颓子叶、川贝母、莱菔子、沙参、兰石草、麦门冬、香橼、石斛、天竺黄和甘草。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含艾叶的治疗社区获得性肺炎的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述的药物组合物包括以下重量分数的制备原料:
艾叶20-27份、黄芩18-26份、胡颓子叶15-21份、川贝母17-22份、莱菔子16-21份、沙参15-20份、兰石草17-22份、麦门冬12-18份、香橼14-19份、石斛13-19份、天竺黄10-17份和甘草6-13份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的含艾叶的治疗社区获得性肺炎的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述的药物组合物包括以下重量分数的制备原料:
艾叶20份、黄芩18份、胡颓子叶15份、川贝母17份、莱菔子16份、沙参15份、兰石草17份、麦门冬12份、香橼14份、石斛13份、天竺黄10份和甘草6份。
4.根据权利要求2所述的含艾叶的治疗社区获得性肺炎的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述的药物组合物包括以下重量分数的制备原料:
艾叶27份、黄芩26份、胡颓子叶21份、川贝母22份、莱菔子21份、沙参20份、兰石草22份、麦门冬18份、香橼19份、石斛19份、天竺黄17份和甘草13份。
5.根据权利要求2所述的含艾叶的治疗社区获得性肺炎的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述的药物组合物包括以下重量分数的制备原料:
艾叶24份、黄芩22份、胡颓子叶18份、川贝母24份、莱菔子19份、沙参18份、兰石草19份、麦门冬15份、香橼17份、石斛16份、天竺黄14份和甘草10份。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一所述的含艾叶的治疗社区获得性肺炎的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物被制成胶囊剂、片剂或颗粒剂。
7.根据权利要求1-5任一所述的含艾叶的治疗社区获得性肺炎的药物组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将艾叶、黄芩、胡颓子叶、川贝母、莱菔子、甘草去杂质,洗净、烘干,粉碎成粗粉;
(2)将沙参去除表层,洗净、烘干,粉碎成粗粉;
(3)将步骤(1)和步骤(2)制备的粗粉混合均匀后,加入粗粉总重量6-12倍量水浸泡1-3小时,煎煮3-5小时;过滤,滤渣加入3-6倍量水,煎煮2-4小时;过滤,滤渣再次加入1-3倍量水,煎煮1-2小时,过滤,合并三次滤液,滤液浓缩至55-60℃环境下相对密度为1.15-1.20的浓缩液,备用;
(4)称取兰石草、麦门冬、香橼、石斛、天竺黄后混合,用5-10倍量体积比为60-90%的乙醇提取2-3次,每次5-8小时,过滤,合并滤液,回收乙醇,浓缩滤液至60-65℃环境下相对密度为1.15-1.20的浓缩液,备用;
(5)将步骤(3)和步骤(4)制成的浓缩液合并,浓缩至相对密度为1.20-1.35的稠膏,即得药物组合物。
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