CN105669486B - 一种n‑酰基‑2,6‑二芳基苄胺衍生物的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种n‑酰基‑2,6‑二芳基苄胺衍生物的制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种N‑酰基‑2,6‑二芳基苄胺衍生物的制备方法,包括:将催化剂、氧化剂、酰基苄胺以及芳基碘加入到有机溶剂中,加热至100~130℃,反应完全,后处理得到N‑酰基‑2,6‑二芳基苄胺衍生物。该制备方法易于操作,后处理简便,底物可设计性强,可根据实际需要设计合成出所需结构的化合物,实用性较强。本发明还公开了由该方法在制备2,6‑二芳基取代的苄胺化合物中的应用,具有较高的应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机合成领域,具体涉及一种N-酰基-2,6-二芳基苄胺衍生物的制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
苄胺类化合物是一类非常重要的有机中间体,广泛存在于天然产物中,大量的研究表明苄胺类化合物可以用于药品中(例如:Synthesis and In Vivo Evaluation ofHalogenated N,N-Dimethyl-2-(2′-amino-4′-hydroxymethylphenylthio)benzylamineDerivatives as PET Serotonin Transporter Ligands,N.Jarkas,etc.,Journal ofMedicinal Chemistry 2008,51,271-281)。
同时,联苯类化合物广泛应用于功能材料中(文献I:Aryl-Aryl Bond FormationOne Century after the Discovery of the Ullmann Reaction,Chem.Rev.2002,102,1359–1470;文献II:Synthesis of Light-Emitting Conjugated Polymers forApplications in Electroluminescent Devices,A.C.Grimsdale,K.Leok Chan,R.E.Martin,P.G.Jokisz,A.B.Holmes,Chemical Reviews 2009,109,897-1091.),此类化合物的衍生官能化反应引起了大量的合成研究者的兴趣。传统的合成方法需要先引入一个官能团(如碳-卤键等),然后再与有机金属试剂偶联,需要两步,如下所示:
该方法步骤繁琐,操作麻烦,而且很有大量的原料浪费,污染环境,限制了此类化合物的合成。
2,6-二芳基苄胺是一种非常重要的有机原料,可以用于合成很多药物和化工产品。将N-酰基-2,6-二芳基苄胺衍生物进行水解可以产生2,6-二芳基苄胺类化合物,该过程操作简单,容易实现工业化。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种N-酰基-2,6-二芳基苄胺衍生物的制备方法及其应用,该N-酰基-2,6-二芳基苄胺衍生物可以通过C-H键直接芳基化制备得到,避免了卤代步骤的使用;利用该方法可以高效合成2,6-二芳基苄胺化合物,合成过程简单,成本低,具有较高的经济价值。
一种N-酰基-2,6-二芳基苄胺衍生物的制备方法,包括:将钯催化剂、氧化剂、酰基苄胺和芳基碘加入到有机溶剂中,加热进行反应,反应完全后经过后处理得到所述的N-酰基-2,6-二芳基苄胺衍生物;
所述的酰基苄胺的结构如式(II)所示:
所述的芳基碘的结构如式(III)所示:
所述的N-酰基-2,6-二芳基苄胺衍生物的结构如式(I)所示:
式(I)~(III)中:
R独立地选自氢、卤素、C1~C4烷基或C1~C4烷氧基。
所述的催化剂为常见的二价钯催化剂,常用的二价钯催化剂包括醋酸钯、二(三苯基膦)二氯化钯、二氯二乙腈钯或氯化钯;所述的氧化剂为常见的一价银盐,常用的氧化剂包括醋酸银、碳酸银、氧化银和硝酸银中的至少一种;所述的有机溶剂为对反应底物具有较好溶解性的溶剂,优选的有机溶剂为二氯乙烷、二氧六环、甲苯和对甲苯等中的至少一种。在采用二氯乙烷作为有机溶剂时,由于反应温度较高,需要在密封容器中进行反应;所以实际制备过程中,一般采用封管反应器进行本发明的反应。
作为优选,所述的钯催化剂为醋酸钯、二(三苯基膦)二氯化钯、二氯二乙腈钯或氯化钯。
作为最优选,所述的钯催化剂为醋酸钯,所述的氧化剂为醋酸银,所述的溶剂为二氯乙烷,此时,对于大部分底物来说,反应的收率较高;当底物上含有吸电子取代基(如氯)时,该条件下反应收率明显降低,此时,当所述的钯催化剂为二(三苯基膦)二氯化钯,所述的氧化剂为氧化银,所述的溶剂为甲苯,并且提高反应的温度,可以使反应收率提高到较好的水平。
上述反应中,为节约原料,同时保证反应的完全进行,优选的原料的摩尔比为:酰基苄胺(II):芳基碘(III):钯催化剂:氧化剂=1:2-4:0.1-0.5:2~3;反应温度优选为100~130℃,反应时间优选为12~24小时,反应时间过长增加反应成本,相反则难以保证反应的完全,实际反应过程中,可采用通过薄层色谱进行实时监测反应是否完全。
上述反应完成后,可选用的后处理过程包括:过滤,硅胶拌样,最后经过柱层析纯化得到相应的2,6-二芳基苄胺衍生物。
作为优选,所述的N-酰基-2,6-二芳基苄胺衍生物的结构如式(I-1)~式(I-4)中的一种:
本发明还提供了一种2,6-二芳基苄胺化合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)在碱的作用下,二异丙胺与草酰氯发生酰化反应得到酰氯中间体,该酰氯中间体再与苄胺反应生成酰基苄胺;
(2)酰基苄胺按照上文所述的制备方法得到所述的N-酰基-2,6-二芳基苄胺衍生物;
(3)步骤(2)得到的N-酰基-2,6-二芳基苄胺衍生物经过水解反应得到所述的2,6-二芳基苄胺化合物;
所述的2,6-二芳基苄胺化合物的结构如式(Ⅳ)所示:
R的定义如前文所述。
采用该制备方法,可以高选择性地在苄胺的邻位连上芳基,得到2,6-二芳基苄胺化合物。
同现有技术相比,本发明的N-酰基-2,6-二芳基苄胺衍生物的制备方法易于操作,后处理简便,底物可设计性强,可根据实际需要设计合成出所需结构的化合物,实用性较强。同时,由上述方法制备得到的化合物,同时可作为原料合成各种多取代的苄胺化合物,具有较高的经济价值。
具体实施方式
实施例1~8
按照表1的原料配比在25mL的Schlenk管中加入催化剂、氧化剂、酰基苄胺(II)、芳基碘(III)和有机溶剂2ml,混合搅拌均匀,按照表2的反应条件反应完成后,过滤,硅胶拌样,经过柱层析(洗脱剂为石油醚:乙酸乙酯)纯化得到相应的N-酰基-2,6-二芳基苄胺衍生物(I),反应过程如下式所示:
表1 实施例1~8的原料配比
表2 实施例1~8的反应条件和结果
表1和表2中,T为反应温度,t为反应时间,Me为甲基,OMe为甲氧基。
应用例1
2,6-二苯基苄胺的制备:将实施例1制备得到的化合物(I-1)(207mg,0.5mmol)加入到0.5毫升的甲醇/四氢呋喃混合溶液中,加入氢氧化钠(80mg,2.0mmol),回流反应至原料反应完全。加水,二氯甲烷萃取,合并有机相,饱和食盐水洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥。有机液旋干即得到产物2,6-二苯基苄胺104mg,产率80%,HPLC纯度为98.5%。
酰基苄胺的制备方法如下:冰水浴下,在100mL圆底烧瓶中将二异丙胺(3.5mL,25mmol)溶解于二氯甲烷(50mL),缓慢滴加草酰氯(3.22mL,37.5mmol)。滴毕,室温搅拌5分钟,滴加三乙胺(3.25mL,26mmol)。然后,室温搅拌3小时,溶剂和过量的草酰氯减压蒸馏移除,得到粗品。将该粗品溶解在二氯甲烷(20mL)中,冰水浴下缓慢滴加到苄胺(2.14g,20mmol)和三乙胺(2.92mL,21mmol)的二氯甲烷(20mL)溶液中。室温反应3小时,反应完全。加水淬灭反应,分液,有机相水洗,干燥,旋干得到白色固体4.82g,收率92%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.30-720(m,5H),4.79-4.76(m,1H),4.43(s,2H),3.57-3.47(m,1H),,1.39(d,6H,J=4Hz),1.21(d,6H,J=4Hz).
实施例1~8制备得到化合物的结构确认数据:
由实施例1~8制备得到的N-酰基-2,6-二芳基苄胺衍生物的结构检测数据分别为:
由实施例1制备得到的N-酰基-2,6-二芳基苄胺衍生物(I-1)的核磁共振(1H NMR和13C NMR)检测数据为:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.38-7.33(m,10H),7.27-7.25(m,3H),6.58(bs,1H),4.39-4.36(m,1H),4.31(d,2H,J=4Hz),3.41-3.38(m,1H),1.33(d,6H,J=4Hz),1.09(d,6H,J=4Hz);
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ162.2,161.2,143.7,140.9,131.6,129.7,129.0,128.2,127.6,127.3,49.2,46.4,38.8,20.8,20.0.
由实施例2制备得到的N-酰基-2,6-二芳基苄胺衍生物(I-2)的核磁共振(1H NMR和13C NMR)检测数据为:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.37-7.33(m,1H),7.24-7.19(m,10H),6.57(bs,1H),4.41-4.34(m,1H),4.32(d,2H,J=4Hz),3.45-3.38(m,1H),2.37(s,6H),1.34(d,6H,J=8Hz),1.10(d,6H,J=8Hz);
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ162.5,161.4,143.7,138.0,136.8,131.8,129.7,128.9,128.8,127.5,49.2,46.4,38.9,21.2,20.8,20.0.
由实施例3制备得到的N-酰基-2,6-二芳基苄胺衍生物(I-3)的核磁共振(1H NMR和13C NMR)检测数据为:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.33-7.27(m,1H),7.25-7.21(m,6H),6.92-6.90(m,4H),4.33(m,3H),3.80(s,6H),3.42-3.39(m,1H),1.33(d,6H,J=8Hz),1.10(d,6H,J=8Hz);
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ162.6,161.5,158.8,143.4,133.3,132.0,130.0,129.8,127.5,113.7,55.2,49.3,46.3,39.0,20.7,20.0.
由实施例4制备得到的N-酰基-2,6-二芳基苄胺衍生物(I-4)的核磁共振(1H NMR和13C NMR)检测数据为:
1H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3)δ7.38-7.34(m,5H),7.27-7.20(m,6H),6.77(bs,1H),4.43-4.36(m,1H),4.27(d,2H,J=4Hz),3.44-3.38(m,1H),1.31(d,6H,J=8Hz),1.11(d,6H,J=8Hz);
13C NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3)δ161.9,161.1,142.6,139.1,133.4,131.6,130.3,130.0,128.5,127.8,49.3,46.5,38.6,20.8,19.9.
Claims (3)
1.一种2,6-二芳基苄胺化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)在碱的作用下,二异丙胺与草酰氯发生酰化反应得到酰氯中间体,该酰氯中间体再与苄胺反应生成酰基苄胺;
所述的酰基苄胺的结构如式(II)所示:
(2)将钯催化剂、氧化剂、酰基苄胺和芳基碘加入到有机溶剂中,加热进行反应,反应完全后经过后处理得到所述的N-酰基-2,6-二芳基苄胺衍生物;
所述的芳基碘的结构如式(III)所示:
所述的N-酰基-2,6-二芳基苄胺衍生物的结构如式(I)所示:
R为氢;
所述的钯催化剂为醋酸钯;
所述的氧化剂为醋酸银;
所述的有机溶剂为二氯乙烷;
(3)步骤(2)得到的N-酰基-2,6-二芳基苄胺衍生物经过水解反应得到所述的2,6-二芳基苄胺化合物;
所述的2,6-二芳基苄胺化合物的结构如式(Ⅳ)所示:
2.根据权利要求1所述的2,6-二芳基苄胺化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的酰基苄胺、芳基碘、钯催化剂和氧化剂的摩尔比为1:2~4:0.1~0.5:2~3。
3.根据权利要求1所述的2,6-二芳基苄胺化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,反应的温度为100~130℃,反应的时间为12~24小时。
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