CN1056680A - 可用作人体白细胞弹性蛋白酶抑制剂的2-苯基链烷酸酯的制备方法 - Google Patents

可用作人体白细胞弹性蛋白酶抑制剂的2-苯基链烷酸酯的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN1056680A
CN1056680A CN91103433A CN91103433A CN1056680A CN 1056680 A CN1056680 A CN 1056680A CN 91103433 A CN91103433 A CN 91103433A CN 91103433 A CN91103433 A CN 91103433A CN 1056680 A CN1056680 A CN 1056680A
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加里·P·基尔申休特
莱尔·W·斯普路思
约翰·C·彻洛尼斯
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Abstract

可用作人体白细胞弹性蛋白酶抑制剂的2-苯基 链烷酸酯及其制备方法和用途。

Description

本发明涉及一类可用作人体白细胞弹性蛋白酶抑制剂的化合物;具体地说,涉及2-苯基烷酸酯及其制备方法和用途。
近年来,人们对HLE抑制剂的开发和研究已做了相当大的努力,因为已表明HLE是造成多种人体疾病的主要原因。例如,试验已表明在HLE和肺气肿之间有表观联系〔见Sandberg等人的“The  New  England  Journal  of  Medicine”,304:566(1981〕。其它疾病和医学问题,例如关节炎和相关的炎症以及皮炎也与HLE有关。所以,急切需要能有效地抑制HLE的化合物。在美国专利4,683,241和4,801,610等专利文献中公开了典型的与抑制弹性蛋白酶有关的先有技术情况。
本发明的主要目的是提供某类能用作弹性蛋白酶抑制剂的新的化合物。这些化合物的特征在于其分子量相当低,而且对HLE选择性很高。因此,它们可用于预防、减轻或治疗以HLE对哺乳动物(包括人在内)中连接组织造成的破坏作用为特征的疾病。
本发明化合物的结构由下式(Ⅵ)表示:
Figure 911034331_IMG7
其中R1和R3可相同或不同,选自氢、C1-6烷基、C3-6环烷基,或一起代表亚甲基-(CH2)n-,式中n是整数1-6;R3代表五个以下的一种或多种取代基,这些取代基选自:
氢,卤素,C1-12卤烷基(如CF3),C1-12烷基,C1-12烷氧基,C3-12环烷基,C2-12链烯基,一-或二-芳基(如,可选择取代的苯基或萘基),
-ZR5基,其中Z是O,S,S(O)2或SO,且R5是氢,C1-18烷基,C3-12环烷基或苯基;
-NR6R7基,其中R6和R7可相同或不同,可以是氢,C1-12烷基,C3-6环烷基,苯基,C1-12烷氧基,式-C(O)R8的酰基(其中R8是C1-12烷基,C3-12环烷基,苯基,CH3OC(O)CH2CH2-,HOOCCH2CH2-,NaO3SCH2CH2NHC(O)CH2CH2-)或R6和R7一起代表-C(O)CH2CH2C(O)-,-C(O)-C6H4-C(O)-或-(CH2)x-(其中X是2,3,4,5或6);
借助氮原子连接到苯环上的吗啉代、咪唑啉基或哌嗪基;或者R3代表在邻环碳之间成另一个C1-6碳环或包括一个或多个O,S或N环原子的5-6元杂环所需的原子;以及R4是1-5个取代基,选自氢,卤素,硝基,-C(O)CH3,S(O)pR9,其中p是O,1或2,R9是羟基,-ONa或可选择取代的C1-12烷基或可选择取代的环烷基,例如包括用卤素取代的低级烷基(如三氟甲基)或带有一个羧基的低级烷基,特别是-CH2C(CH32CO2H。
按照本发明,苯环可以是未取代的(即R3和R4均为氢)。但是,优选至少R4不为氢。
可以理解,当R1和R2不同时,连接这些取代基的碳原子(即“α碳”)是手性中心,所得化合物可以对映体的纯态形式存在,也可以对映体的外消旋混合物的形式存在。本发明指的是这样的混合物(+/-)其单独的(+或-)对映体。所述化合物的无毒药用盐也包括在本发明的范围内。
式(Ⅵ)中R1和R2之一是氢,另一个是烷基,特别是甲基;R3是氢,低级烷基,环烷基,低级烷氧基,苯基,与所邻的苯基成选择取代的环所需的原子,哌啶子基或-NR6R7基,其中R6是氢且R7是-C(O)R8-(X是2-6)的化合物对本发明的目的特别有利。就R3而言,可选择取代的基团的例子是低级烷基或低级烷氧基,这里所涉及的低级烷基或低级烷氧基可以理解为C6以下的烷基或烷氧基。
已发现,本发明的又一特征是,通过使R1和R2相同(例如可以是甲基或乙基)或使R1和R2合并成环烷基环(如环丙基,环丁基,环戊基或环己基)而在α碳除去手性中心改性的化合物特别适用作人体嗜中性白细胞弹性蛋白酶抑制剂。
按照本发明的另一方面,已发现R4是邻位或对位-SCH3或R4是对位-S-CH2-C(CH32COOH的化合物特别有用。这些化合物作为体内抑制剂似乎呈氧化活性,即-S-(硫醚)基可能被原地氧化成亚砜-S(O)-或砜-S(O)2-。在这方面,已发现其中R4分别是-S-,-S(O)-和-S(O2)-的化合物的效力增大的顺序如下:-S-<-S(O)<-S(O)2-。所以,通过HLE传递部位处的氧化剂破坏成相应的亚砜或砜,可提高-S-化合物的效力。
本发明所代表的化合物如下表Ⅰ和Ⅱ所示。
Figure 911034331_IMG8
Figure 911034331_IMG13
Figure 911034331_IMG16
Figure 911034331_IMG18
Figure 911034331_IMG19
Figure 911034331_IMG20
Figure 911034331_IMG21
Figure 911034331_IMG22
Figure 911034331_IMG23
Figure 911034331_IMG24
Figure 911034331_IMG25
Figure 911034331_IMG27
Figure 911034331_IMG29
Figure 911034331_IMG30
Figure 911034331_IMG31
Figure 911034331_IMG33
Figure 911034331_IMG34
Figure 911034331_IMG35
Figure 911034331_IMG38
Figure 911034331_IMG39
Figure 911034331_IMG46
Figure 911034331_IMG47
概括地讲,本发明的产物可采用本技术领域公知方法制备。代表性的合成方法如下述反应方案A-E所示:
Figure 911034331_IMG52
Figure 911034331_IMG54
Figure 911034331_IMG55
Figure 911034331_IMG56
Figure 911034331_IMG57
Figure 911034331_IMG60
Figure 911034331_IMG62
Figure 911034331_IMG63
如反应方案A所示,在三乙胺、吡啶或其它常用试剂等有机碱存在下,分别使由取代的苯基链烷酸Ⅰ和Ⅷ衍生的合适的酰氯(Ⅱ,Ⅸ)跟所需的酚衍生物(Ⅲ,Ⅳ或Ⅴ)反应,可得到芳族酯(Ⅵ,Ⅶ,Ⅹ和Ⅺ)。另外,酸(Ⅰ或Ⅷ)和酚组分(Ⅲ或Ⅴ)的溶液也可用已在合成有机化学领域使用的任何一种碳化二亚胺(如,二环己基碳化二亚胺〔DCC〕)处理,以得到相应的芳酯(Ⅵ,Ⅹ)。在使用上述酚酯(Ⅴ)的情况下,在偶合反应之后除掉苄氧亚甲基(BOM)保护基,以得到自由的羧酸衍生物(Ⅶ,Ⅺ)。用于防止酚(Ⅳ)的羧酸部分和酰氯(Ⅱ,Ⅸ)或初生的对称酸酐之间不需要的付反应的BOM基在偶合反应中存在。
本领域专业人员可以理解,上述各个反应可能要求稍有不同的反应条件(取决于所用的反应物),以获得最佳产率的所需产物。举例来说,在特定情况下,取代基R3可以与整个反应途径中使用的某些反应物不相容。在此情况下,R3必须要选择合适的保护基以防止不需要的付反应。例如,如果R3是羟基,那么用叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基醚或苄醚保护能使反应按规定顺序进行。引入和除去保护基的条件(不论这样的保护基是否需要)均为本领域专业人员所公知。
当酚组分带有含直接键合到芳环的硫原子的取代基时(Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅲ,R4=SCH3),相应的酯(Ⅵ,Ⅶ,Ⅹ,Ⅺ)可以用1当量的过氧化氢处理氧化成各自的亚砜(Ⅻ,ⅪⅤ,ⅩⅥ,ⅩⅧ)或用过量的过氧化物氧化成砜(ⅩⅢ,ⅩⅤ,ⅩⅦ,ⅩⅨ)(如反应方案B所示)。可直接从硫醚(Ⅵ,Ⅶ,Ⅹ,Ⅺ)得到砜(ⅩⅢ,ⅩⅤ,ⅩⅦ,ⅩⅨ),而不用分离过量的过氧化物存在下开始形成的中间体亚砜。
酚化合物(Ⅲ)是市售品。其它衍生物(Ⅳ,Ⅴ)如反应方案C所示可从易得原料合成。4-羟基硫酚(ⅩⅩ)可高产氧化成二硫化物(ⅩⅪ)。后序用合适的保护基(如,叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)掩蔽羟基(ⅩⅪ)可通过在咪唑和DMF的溶液存在下用二当量叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基氯化物处理二硫化物(ⅩⅪ)而进行。普通合成化学文献中公开了许多酚部分保护基的例子(见Greene,T.W.,“Protective  Groups  in  Organic  Synthesis”John  Wiley  and  Sons,1981)。可以预料,其它可得到的保护基能类似地起着上述叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基例子的作用。这样的其它保护基以及在合成的合适点结合这些基团的反应条件是本领域专业人员公知的。
在合适的醇(ⅩⅩⅢ或ⅩⅩⅥ)存在下,保护的二硫化物(ⅩⅫ)与三正丁基膦的反应得到了硫醚(分别是ⅩⅩⅣ和ⅩⅩⅦ)。在KOH水溶液中水解酯(ⅩⅩⅣ)导致甲硅烷基醚断键,得到酚酸(Ⅳ)。BOM保护的衍生物(ⅩⅩⅦ)可在THF水溶液中用四正丁基氟化铵选择性地脱甲硅烷化,得到BOM保护的酚(Ⅴ)。在反应方案(规定的条件下,用过氧化氢在乙酸中氧化,市售4-甲基巯基酚(Ⅲ,R4=4-SCH3)可转化成亚砜(Ⅲ,R4=4-S(O)CH3)和砜(Ⅲ,R4=4-S(O)2CH3)。
如反应方案D所示,合适的苯基乙酸(ⅩⅩⅧ,ⅩⅩⅫ)不论是否另外取代了R3基,均可用硫酰氯(SOCL2)或草酰氯(C2O2CL2)处理而被酯化,得到酰氯,然后在碱存在下,也可以用酸催化酯化的方法,使其与合适的醇(ROH)反应。本发明所用的醇(ROH)的例子是甲醇,乙醇,丁醇和苄醇。用于催化酯化的酸的例子是无机酸,例如磺酸或有机酸,例如对甲苯磺酸。
由此得到的苯基乙酸酯(ⅩⅩⅨ,ⅩⅩⅩⅢ)可通过强碱〔如二异丙基酰胺锂(LDA)〕产生烯醇化物的阴离子在α-位上被烷基化,然后使烯醇化物与合适的烷基卤(如R1X或R2X)反应。R1X和R2X意指包括当R1和R2成环部分时所用的XR1X或XR2X。本发明用的优选的卤化物(Ⅹ)是溴化物和碘化物。所得2-苯基链烷酸酯(ⅩⅩⅩ,ⅩⅩⅩⅣ)可通过烷基酯的碱解和苄基酯的氢解转化成相应的2-苯基链烷酸衍生物(Ⅰ,Ⅷ)。
烷基化的酯(ⅩⅩⅩ,ⅩⅩⅩⅣ)可进一步烷基化,得到α,α-二烷基酯(ⅩⅩⅪ,ⅩⅩⅩⅤ)。水解酯(ⅩⅩⅪ,ⅩⅩⅩⅤ)后得到二烷基化酸(Ⅰ,Ⅷ)。如果R2X为Br(CH2)nRr,那么相应的酯(ⅩⅩⅩ,ⅩⅩⅩⅣ)具有Br(CH2)n-作为R2取代基,随后用LDA进行处理会形成1-苯基环烷羧酸盐(ⅩⅩⅪ,ⅩⅩⅩⅤ,R1,R2=-(CH2)n-),它可皂化成相应的1-苯基环烷羧酸(Ⅰ,Ⅷ,R1,R2=-(CH2)n-)。
大量取代的苯基乙酸和2-苯基链烷酸是市售品,可直接购置用于本发明。带有取代基R3的酸(Ⅰ)和Ⅷ)不是市售品,可通过公开的方法合成。反应方案E介绍了一些这类本领域专业人员公知的方法的例子。
苯衍生物(ⅩⅩⅩⅥ,ⅩⅩⅩⅨ)可用Friedel Crafts方法酰化,得到芳基酮。取代的乙酰苯(ⅩⅩⅩⅦ,ⅩL)可通过Wilgerodtkindler反应序列转化成苯基乙酸(ⅩⅩⅧ,ⅩⅩⅫ)。丁酰苯衍生物(ⅩⅩⅩⅧ,ⅩLⅠ)可通过常用技术氧化重排成苯基丁酸(Ⅰ,Ⅷ,R2=C2H5)。另外,得到的苯基链烷酸(Ⅰ)可氮化成4-硝基衍生物(I,R3=4-NO2)。还原硝基取代基得到了氨基化合物(I,R3=4-NH2),可进一步酰化得到酰胺(I,R3=4-NHCOR8)。
本领域专业人员将认识到,还有其它合成本发明化合物的方法。
以下实施例旨在说明本发明具体化合物的制备方法:
实施例1  合成2-(4′-甲氧基苯基)丁酸4-硝基苯酯(34)
在氮气中,草酰氯(12ml 2.0M的甲醇液)加到2-(4′-甲氧基-苯基)丁酸(4.66g,24mmol)的25mlCH2CL2溶液中,并在室温下搅拌过夜。真空除掉挥发组分,蒸馏残余物,得到4.46g(87%)的纯的2-(4′-甲氧基苯基)丁酰氯。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ0.919(t,3H,j=7.4Hz),1.78-1.92(m,1H),2.13-2.27(m,1H),3.81(s,3H),3.83(t,1H,J=7.6Hz),6.91(d,2H,J=8.8Hz),7.21(d,2H,J=8.7Hz);13C·NMR(CDCl3)δ11.43,26.26,55.14,64.21,114.50,127.86,129.65,159.75,175.48.
在N2气下,将该酰氯(1.06g,5.0mmol)加到4-硝基苯酚(0.696g,5.0mmol)和吡啶(0.395g,5mmol)的5mlTHF混合物中,并于室温下搅拌过夜。溶液过滤后真空浓缩,得到黄色残余物。经硅胶闪蒸柱色谱分离(CH2Cl2),得到1.46g(92%)的所需硝基苯基酯。
1H NMR(CDCl3)0.988(t,3H,j=7.3Hz),1.83-1.97(m,1H),2.13,2.28(m,1H),3.67(t,1H,J=7.7Hz),3.82(s,3H),6.92(d,2H,J=8.4Hz),7.18(d,2H,J=9.3Hz),7.31(d,2H,J=8.4Hz),8.23(d,2H,J=9.2Hz).
实施例2
合成2-(4′-甲氧基苯基)丁酸4-甲基巯基苯酯(35)
在N2气及搅拌下,往4-甲基巯基苯酚(0.701g,5.0mmol)和吡啶(0.395g,5.0mmol)的5ml THF溶液中加入2-(4′-甲氧基苯基)丁酰氯(1.06g,5.0mmol)的5ml THF溶液。室温搅拌过夜后,滤出析出的吡啶鎓盐酸盐,蒸发滤液得到1.76g粗产物酯。Kugelrohr蒸馏后得到1.53g纯酯(95%产率)。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ0.974(t,3H,J=7.4Hz),1.80-1.93(m,1H),2.13-2.25(m,1H),2.45(s,3H),3.63(t,1H,J=7.7Hz),3.81(s,3H),6.90(d,2H,J=8.7Hz),6.92(d,2H,J=8.6Hz),7.23(d,2H,J=8.7Hz),7.31(d,2H,J=8.7Hz);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ11.84,16.25,26.49,52.46,55.13,114.19,122.06,128.09,129.17,130.69,135.68,148.77,159.15,173.15.
实施例3
合成2-(4′-甲氧基苯基)丁酸4-甲基亚磺酰苯酯(36)
2-(4′-甲氧基苯基)丁酸4-甲基巯基苯酯(6.0g,19mmol)的63克冰乙酸溶液用3.2ml 30%H2O2处理。然后按TLC(硅胶,CH2CL2)进行反应,直至消耗掉全部原料。产物亚砜萃取入乙醚中。醚层用H2O洗,然后用饱和的碳酸氢钠洗,再用无水碳酸钾干燥16小时。将溶液过滤并真空蒸发,得到纯产物(5.2g,82%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ0.981(t,3H),1.80-1.95(m,1H),2.12-2.28(m,1H),2.69(s,3H),3.66(t,1H),3.80(s,3H),6.91(d,2H),7.16(d,2H),7.31(d,2H),7.63(d,2H);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ11.78,26.33,43.91,52.39,55.10,114.24,122.75,124.93,129.12,130.25,142.88,153.06,159.22,172.75.
实施例4
合成2-(4′-甲氧基苯基)丁酸4-甲磺酰苯酯(37)
将2-(4′-甲氧基苯基)丁酸4-甲基巯基苯酯(10.0g,31.6mmol)溶于32ml冰乙酸中,加入30%H2O2(32ml),并将溶液搅拌72小时。反应混合物倒入250ml冰水中,搅拌30分钟,直至全部冰溶化。滤出白色固体,用水洗,直至滤液呈中性为止。真空干燥产物,得到10.5g(95%)的所需化合物。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ0.986(t,3H,J=7.5Hz),1.83-1.96(m,1H),2.13-2.27(m,1H),3.04(s,3H),3.67(t,1H,J=7.7Hz),3.82(s,3H),6.92(d,2H,J=8.7Hz),7.21(d,2H,J=8.7Hz),7.31(d,2H,J=8.7Hz),7.94(d,2H,J=8.7Hz);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ12.10,26.61,44.78,52.76,55.47,114.66,123.05,129.47,129.58,130.35,138.17,155.45,159.65,172.79.
实施例5
合成2,2-二甲基-3-(4′-羟基苯基硫)丙酸(Ⅳ)
A)将溴(95g,0.59mol)的500ml CH3Cl2溶液滴加到4-羟基硫苯酚(150g,1.19mol)的500ml CH2Cl2溶液,直至保持住橙色。反应混合物搅拌过夜,加入1L石油醚,滤出固体并真空干燥,得到98.5g(67%)的4′-羟基苯基二硫化物。
B)4′-叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧苯基二硫化物(ⅩⅫ)
在氮气下,将固体叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基氯(132.6g,0.88mol)加到搅拌着的4′-羟基苯基二硫化物(100.1g,0.40mol)和咪唑(119.8g,1.76mol)的500ml DMF溶液中。2小时后,反应混合物倒入750ml H2O中,并用乙醚(3×300ml)萃取。合并的醚层用水洗,MgSO4干燥和蒸发,得到201.0g黄色液体产物。粗产物可通过真空蒸馏或硅胶(石油醚)色谱法进一步纯化,得到接近定量产率的所需化合物。
C)2,2-二甲基-3-(4′-叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧基苯基硫)丙酸甲酯(ⅩⅩⅣ)
在氮气气氛下,将2,2-二甲基-3-羟基丙酸甲酯(4.23g,32mmol)、4′-叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧基苯基二硫化物(14.36g,30mmol)和三正丁基膦(6.06g,30mmol)一起回流加热48小时。真空浓缩反应混合物,加入H2O并用石油醚萃取混合物。硫酸镁干燥之后,浓缩溶液,得到20.72g透明液。产物用硅胶色谱法分离。付产物4-叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧基硫苯酚(7.35g,102%)先用石油醚洗脱。硫醚产物(7.98g,75%)用50∶50石油醚/CH2CL2洗脱。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ0.175(s,6H),0.965(s,9H),1.25(s,6H),3.08(s,2H),3.55(s,3H),6.75(d,2H,J=8.4Hz),7.29(d,2H,J=8.4Hz);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ-4.81,17.91,24.55,25.39,43.81,46.52,51.62,120.72,128.21,133.36,155.18,176.98.
D)2,2-二甲基-3-(4′-羟基苯基硫)丙酸(Ⅳ)
2,2-二甲基-3-(4′-叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧基苯基硫)丙酸甲酯(8.09g,20mmol)加到KOH(6.73g,120mmol)的40ml H2O溶液中,混合物加热回流过夜。反应混合物冷却到室温,用40ml水稀释和用乙醚萃取。分离水层,酸化到pH=2,并用乙醚(3×100ml)萃取。合并的醚层用无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤并蒸发,得到3.72g(82%)2,2-二甲基-3-(4′-羟基苯基硫)丙酸白色固体。
1H NMR(CD3COCD3)δ1.25(s,6H),3.11(s,2H),6.80(d,2H,J=8.4Hz),7.31(d,2H,J=8.7Hz),8.6(br s,1H,-OH):13C NMR(CD3COCD3)δ25.13,44.53,47.63,117.21,127.46,134.67,158.18,178.41.
实施例6
合成2-苯基丁酸4-(2′-羧基-2′-甲基丙巯基)苯酯(323)
A)2-苯基丁酰氯
将硫酰氯(0.12mol)的60ml(CH2CL2)溶液加到搅拌着的2-苯基丁酸(16.4g,0.10mol)溶液中。加入催化量的DMF,让反应在室温下持续一夜。真空除掉挥发组分,残余液体用真空蒸馏,得到12.4g(68%)2-苯基丁酰氯。IR(纯)1798Cm-1(C=O)。
B)2-苯基丁酸4-(2′-羧基-2′-甲基丙巯基)苯酯
在氮气下,将2-苯基丁酰氯(1.19g,6.5mmol)的5mLTHF溶液加到搅拌着的2,2-二甲基-3-(4′-羟基苯基硫)丙酸(1.36g,6.0mmol)和吡啶(1.03g,13.0mmol)的10mLTHF的溶液。6天之后,加入30mL乙醚,并将反应混合物滤入分液漏斗中。有机层分别用0.5NHCL(2×15mL)、饱和Nacl(15ml)、1∶9的饱和NaHCO3/H2O(2×15ml)、饱和NaCL(15ml)洗涤并用无水硫酸镁干燥。过滤和蒸发之后,得到1.96g(88%)的所需酯。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ0.974(t,3H,J=7.2Hz),1.27(s,6H),1.82-1.96(m,1H),2.13-2.28(m,1H),3.13(s,2H),3.67(t,1H,J=7.5Hz),6.90(d,2H,J=8.7Hz),7.30-7.38(ArH,7H),11.9(br s,-OH);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ11.84,24.30,26.45,43.73,44.95,53.27,122.06,127.58,128.01,128.88,131.66,134.27,138.58,149.65,172.75,183.22.
实施例7
合成2-苯基丁酸4-(2′-羧基-2′-甲基丙基亚磺基)苯酯(324)
往2-苯基丁酸4-(2′-羧基-2′-甲基丙巯基)苯酯(745mg,2mmol)的1ml冰乙酸溶液中加0.25ml30%H2O2。以每半小时的时间间隔追加0.25ml等份的30%H2O2,直至TLC表明完全消耗掉原料为止。反应用20mlH2O急冷,用Et2O(2×25ml)萃取,用无水硫酸镁干燥并蒸发,得到含残余量的乙酸的亚砜,残余物悬浮在20mlH2O中,混合物壁冻冻干后,得到506mg(65%)纯产物亚砜。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ1.00(t,3H,J=7.4Hz),1.42(s,3H),1.54(s,3H),1.85-1.99(m,1H),2.16-2.31(m,1H),3.07(s,2H),3.72(t,1H,J=7.6Hz),7.17(d,2H,J=8.7Hz),7.32-7.40(ArH,5H),7.70(d,2H,J=8.7Hz),11.17(br s,-OH);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ11.83,24.54,25.71,26.39,41.73,53.26,68.81,122.75,125.60,127.73,128.10,128.98,138.30,141.34,153.11,172.49,180.33.
实施例8
合成2-苯基丁酸4-(2′-羧基-2′-甲基丙基磺酰基)苯酯(325)
往搅拌着的2-苯基丁酸4-(2′-羧基-2′-甲基丙巯基)苯酯(745mg,2mmol)的4ml冰乙酸溶液中加入4ml30%过氧化氢。36小时,反应用20ml H2O急冷,用Et2O(2×25ml)萃取,无水硫酸镁干燥和真空蒸发。残余物悬浮在H2O中,壁冻冻干后,得到728mg纯的2-苯基丁酸4-(2′-羧基-2′-甲基丙基磺酰基)苯酯。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ0.992(t,3H,J=7.4Hz),1.46(s,6H),1.85-2.00(m,1H),2.16-2.30(m,1H),3.47(s,2H),3.72(t,1H,J=7.6Hz),7.20(d,2H,J=8.7Hz),7.32-7.38(ArH,5H),7.92(d,2H,J=8.7Hz),10.9(br s,-OH);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ11.79,24.94,26.33,41.21,53.26,64.32,122.63,127.83,128.08,129.03,129.64,138.07,138.33,155.06,172.18,181.47.
实施例9
合成2,2-二甲基-3-(4′-羟基苯基硫)丙酸苄氧基甲酯(Ⅴ)
A)2,2-二甲基-3-羟基丙酸苄氧基甲酯(ⅩⅩⅥ)
将2,2-二甲基-3-羟丙酸甲酯(25.0g,0.189mol)的100mlMeOH溶液用KOH(11.7g,0.208mol)的50mlH2O溶液处理,所得混合物于室温下搅拌5小时。反应混合物回流加热30分钟,蒸馏甲醇,并将剩下的溶液壁冻冻干,得到26.7g(90.6%)的2,2-二甲基-3-羟基丙酸钾白色固体。将该钾盐(13.0g,0.083mol)悬浮在100ml无水DMF中,并加入氯亚甲基-苄基醚(14.3g,0.092mol)。室温搅拌48小时之后,混合物用100ml水急冷,并用Et2O(200ml)萃取。分离醚层,用水(3×100ml)和饱和Nacl(100ml)洗涤,并用硫酸镁干燥。蒸发和蒸馏残余物,得到13.6g(73%)2,2-二甲基-3-羟基丙酸苄氧基甲酯透明液。
B)2,2-二甲基-3(4′-叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧基苯基硫)丙酸苄氧甲酯(ⅩⅩⅦ)
在氮气气氛下,将2,2-二甲基-3-羟丙酸苄氧甲酯(2.40g,10.2mmol)、4′-叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧苯基二硫醚(4.89g,10.2mmol)和三正丁基膦(2.07g,10.2mmol)一起于30mlTHF中回流加热18小时。反应混合物用乙醚稀释,用水(3×100ml)洗,无水硫酸镁干燥和蒸发。残余物用硅胶色谱分离(石油醚/CH2Cl2),得到1.82g(39%)所需产物。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ0.181(s,6H),0.975(s,9H),1.28(s,6H),3.12(s,2H),4.67(s,2H),5.28(s,2H),6.75(d,2H,J=8.7Hz),7.2-7.4(m,7H);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ-4.80,17.91,24.45,25.39,44.15,46.25,71.70,88.63,120.79,127.87,128.03,128.09,128.18,128.59,133.27,137.16,155.21,176.07.
C)2,2-二甲基-3-(4′-羟苯基硫)丙酸苄氧甲酯(Ⅴ)
在-10℃下,将1.0M的四正丁基氟化铵的THF溶液(3.6ml,1.1当量)加到叔丁基二甲基甲硅基醚(ⅩⅩⅦ)(1.50g,3.3mmol)的25mlTHF溶液中。1小时后,反应混合物用饱和氯化铵(25ml)酸化,和用乙醚萃取。醚层用水、饱和Nacl洗涤,无水硫酸镁干燥和浓缩。残余物用硅胶色谱分离,得到0.92g(82%)目的产物(Ⅴ)。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ1.27(s,6H),3.10(s,2H),4.67(s,2H),5.10(br s,1H),5.28(s,2H),6.74(d,2H,J=8.4Hz),7.2-7.4(m,7H);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ25.10,44.82,47.19,72.41,89.38,116.72,128.07,128.68,128.76,129.24,134.49,137.74,155.91,176.91.
实施例10
合成2-(4′-甲氧基苯基)异丁酸4-(2′-羧基-2′-甲基丙巯基)苯酯(308)
将2-(4′-甲氧基苯基)异丁酸(1.5g,7.7mmol)的CH2CL2溶液用2.0M草酰氯的CH2CL2(7.7ml,15.4mmol)和1滴DMF的溶液处理。室温搅拌过夜后,真空除掉挥发组分,并将残余物溶于无水THF。将所得2-(4′-甲氧基苯基)异丁酰氯的溶液加到搅拌着的Ⅴ(2.68g,7.7mmol)和吡啶(0.73g,9.3mmol)的THF溶液中,并搅拌过夜。反应混合物真空浓缩,残余物溶于乙醚中,并用水洗。有机层随后用稀盐酸、稀碳酸氢盐和水洗涤,并用无水硫酸镁干燥。产物用制备HPLC分离,得到1.19g(27%)苄氧甲基保护的酯。用40ml6NHcl/40mlTHF处理1小时除去苄氧甲基。加入饱和的Nacl,反应混合物用乙醚萃取,用稀碳酸氢盐溶液洗涤,无水硫酸镁干燥并蒸发,得到0.75g(89%)的2-(4′-甲氧基苯基)异丁酸4-(2′-羧基-2′-甲基丙巯基)苯酯。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ1.27(s,6H),1.68(s,6H),3.14(s,2H),3.81(s,3H),6.86-6.93(m,4H,ArH),7.35-7.38(m,4H,ArH);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ24.36,26.22,43.75,45.08,45.91,55.16,114.00,122.04,126.93,131.85,134.10,136.18,150.02,158.69,175.79,182.77.
实施例11
合成2-(1′,2′,3′,4′-四氢-6′-萘基)丁酸4-(2′-羧基-2′-甲基丙巯基)苯酯(389)
将2-(1′,2′,3′,4′-四氢-6′-萘基)丁酰氯(4.0mmol)的16ml无水THF溶液加到Ⅳ(814mg,3.6mmol)和吡啶(790mg,10mmol)的20ml无水THF溶液中,并在N2气下搅拌3天。在旋转蒸发器中除掉THF,并将残余物溶于乙醚中。醚层依次用H2O(100ml)、稀盐酸、稀NaHCO3洗涤,硫酸镁干燥和浓缩,得到1.35g(79%)所需酯。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ0.955(t,3H),1.28(s,6H),1.75-1.98(m,s,4H),2.10-2.31(m,1H),2.78(br s,4H),3.14(s,2H),3.59(t,1H),6.92(d,2H),7.01-7.19(m,3H,ArH),7.37(d,2H),(-OH not observed);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ11.96,22.91,23.95,24.32,26.59,28.85,29.21,43.74,45.04,52.98,122.16,125.06,128.75,129.63,131.74,134.13,135.63,136.51,137.66,149.81,173.00,182.98.
实施例12
合成2-苯基丁酸4-(甲基巯基)苯酯(1)
往一个含有2-苯基丁酸(4.93g,30mmol)的40mlCH2Cl2溶液的烧瓶中(0℃)加入二环己基碳化二亚胺(6.19g,30mmol)的30mlCH2Cl2溶液。加入固体4-甲基巯基苯酚(4.21g,30mmol),悬浮液于室温搅拌过夜。过滤析出的脲,蒸发滤液,并将残余物进行硅胶色谱分离(CH2Cl2),得到2-苯基丁酸4-(甲基巯基)苯酯(6.23g,73%)浅黄色油,用EtOH结晶后,得到白色晶体(mp28.0-28.5℃)。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ0.98(t,3H,J=7.3Hz),1.89(m,1H),2.22(m,1H),3.68(t,1H,J=7.6Hz),6.92(d,2H,J=8.6Hz),7.22(d,2H,J=8.6Hz),7.30-7.45(m,5H,ArH).
实施例13
合成2-(4′-苯甲酰氨基苯基)丁酸4-(2′-羧基-2′-甲基丙巯基)苯酯(338)
A)2-(4′-硝基苯基)丁酸
在冰盐浴中冷却浓硝酸(32ml)和浓硫酸(32ml)的混合物。将固体2-苯基丁酸(16.42g,100mmol)分成若干小份加入以保持溶液温度低于10℃。反应升至室温,并搅拌1小时。把反应混合物倒入150ml碎冰中、过滤白色固体和用EtOH重结晶来分离产物,得到14.5g(69%)白色晶体状的产物。
B)2-(4′-氨基苯基)丁酸
将2-(4′-硝基苯基)丁酸(6.99g,33.4mmol)的250mlEtOH和0.5g10%Pd-C的溶液于55psi下氢化过夜。过滤溶液并真空蒸发,得到5.50g(92%)所需产物。
C)2-(4′-苯甲酰氨基苯基)丁酸
于0℃,将苯甲酰氯(7.84g,0.057mol)滴加到2-(4′-氨基苯基)丁酸(10.0g,0.057mol)和吡啶(4.85g,0.061mol)的100mlTHF溶液中。30分钟后,除掉冰浴并将反应温度升到室温。1小时后,悬浮液用300ml乙醚稀释,用10%HCl(3×50ml)、饱和Nacl(50ml)洗涤,硫酸镁干燥和蒸发,得到棕色固体。用乙醚研制后得到7.54克(47.7%)的白色固体产物。
D)2-(4′-苯甲酰氨基苯基)丁酸4-(2′-羧基-2′-甲基丙巯基)苯酯。
在室温及搅拌下,将二环己基碳化二亚胺(1.44g,7.0mmol)加到2-(4′-苯甲酰氨基苯基)丁酸(1.70g,6.0mmol)和Ⅴ(2.08g,6.0mmol)的6mlCH2Cl2
溶液中。3天后,加入4-二甲氨基吡啶(0.10g),并使反应再进行24小时。反应用2ml乙酸急冷,过滤,用水(3×50ml)、饱和Nacl洗涤,和无水硫酸镁干燥。除掉溶剂后,得到3.02g(82%)的透明油状产物。通过于℃用50ml6NHcl和100mlTHF处理该油状产物(1.60g,2.6mmol)1小时,然后再用50mlTHF和50ml6NHcl处理,除掉苄氧甲基。1小时后,反应用50ml饱和Nacl急冷,并用乙醚(300ml)萃取。醚层用硫酸钠干燥,蒸发并将残余物色谱分离,得到油状产物,用EtOAc/己烷结晶后得到白色固体(0.66g,52%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ0.983(t,3H,J=7.5Hz),1.29(s,6H),1.8-2.3(m,2H),3.24(s,2H),3.67(t,1H,J=7.8Hz),6.91(d,2H,J=8.7Hz),7.37(d,2H,J-8.1Hz),7.45-7.6(m,5H,ArH),7.64(d,2H,J=8.1Hz),7.87(d,2H,J=7.2Hz),7.97(s,1H),(-OH not observed);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ11.87,24.41,26.44,43.75,45.10,52.78,120.66,122.12,127.22,128.89,129.01,131.89,132.15,134.28,134.72,135.04,137.45,149.64,166.17,172.90,182.17.
实施例14
合成1-(6-四氢化萘基)环丁烷羧酸4-(2′-羧基-2′-甲基丙巯基)苯酯(395)
A)合成6-乙酰基四氢化萘
往一个干燥的2升烧瓶中加入CS2(800ml)和Alcl3(146.67g,1.1mol)并进行搅拌。悬浮液在冰浴中冷却,在2小时内,滴加四氢化萘(132.1g,1.0mol)和乙酰氯(145.67g,1.1mol)的溶液(不允许温度升到25℃以上)。在室温下,将反应混合物搅拌过夜,然后到入一个装有冰的4升烧杯中。用400ml6NHcl急冷后,溶液用氯化钠饱和并分离。水层用乙醚(2×200ml)洗涤,并与前面的有机层合并。这种新的有机溶液用水(200ml)洗,干燥(MgSO4)和蒸发,得到浅橙色油,蒸馏后得到129.37g(74.2%)6-乙酰基四氢化萘透明的无色油(bp0.3mm108-110℃)。第二种类似反应(1.32mol四氢化萘)得169.94g(73.9%)6-乙酰基四氢化萘。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ1.81(br s,4H),2.57(s,3H),2.81(br s,4H),7.14(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.64-7.76(m,2H);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ22.55,22.69,26.36,29.12,29.39,125.53,129.36,129.46,134.77,137.57,143.40,198.68.
B)6-四氢化萘乙酸甲酯
将一个配有机械搅拌器、含Pb(OAC)4(135.5g,0.302mol)和250ml苯的干燥的烧瓶中充入氮气并在冰浴中冷却。往这种冷却的浆料中滴加一种EF3·OEt2(141.5ml,1.15ml)、6-乙酰四氢化萘(50.0g,0.287mol)的50ml甲醇溶液,历时1小时。将这种混合物搅拌过夜,用水(500ml)急冷,用250乙醚稀释并分层。有机层用水洗,用NaHCO3仔细稀释和硫酸镁干燥。过滤混合物、蒸发和蒸馏后,得到48.3g(82.4%)6-四氢化萘基乙酸甲酯透明的无色油。
(bp0.48mm102-104℃).1H NMR CDCl3)δ1.78(br s,4H),2.75(br s,4H),3.55(s,2H),3.68(s,3H),6.95-7.05(m,3H);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ22.86,22.92,28.82,29.09,40.63,51.85,126.41,129.49,130.01,131.04,136.16,137.51,172.64.
C)1-(6-四氢化萘基)环丁烷羧酸甲酯
在一个干燥的1升烧瓶中充入1.656ml1.5MLDA液和200ml无水THF,同时充入氮气。将溶液冷却到-78℃(干冰/丙酮),并在15分钟内滴加6-四氢化萘基乙酸甲酯的50mlTHF溶液。15分钟之后,将溶液借助套管针转移到一个含1,3-二溴丙烷的50mlTHF溶液的干燥的1升烧瓶中(已用干冰/丙酮冷却到-78℃)。让混合物升温3小时,然后冷却到-78℃(干冰/丙酮)。在20分钟内,往这种冷却的溶液中滴加165.6ml的1.5MLDA的THF溶液。让溶液的温度升到室温过夜。水和乙醚(500ml)混合后,分离有机层,用水(200ml)、稀盐酸洗涤,并用硫酸镁干燥。过滤和蒸发之后,将油蒸馏以得到15.5g(26.8%)1-(6-四氢化萘基)环丁烷羧酸甲酯(bp0.8mm130-138℃)。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ1.80(br s,4H),1.80-2.15(m,2H),2.45-2.60(m,2H),2.77(br s,4H),2.75-2.90(m,2H),3.66(s,3H),7.00-7.15(m,3H);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ16.31,22.95,28.83,29.24,32.15,51.85,52.18,123.53,126.97,129.21,135.68,137.14,140.86,177.03.
D)1-(6-四氢化萘基)环丁烷羧酸
往一个含73.0gKOH的100ml水溶液的500ml烧瓶中加入47.9g1-(6-四氢化萘基)环丁烷羧酸甲酯溶于100ml乙醇的溶液。反应混合物加热回流过夜。蒸掉挥发性溶剂,残余物用200ml水稀释。溶液用乙醚(150ml)萃取,用浓盐酸酸化到pH为1,并用乙醚(2×100ml)萃取游离酸。有机层用硫酸镁干燥和浓缩。将所得固体吸入己烷(200ml),并冷却到0℃((24小时),得到37.7g(84.0%)的1-(6-四氢化萘基)环丁烷羧酸(mp123-126℃)。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ1.80(br s,4H),1.80-2.15(m,2H),2.45-2.65(m,2H),2.77(br s,4H),2.70-3.00(m,2H),7.00-7.15(m,3H),11.20-12.25(br s,1H);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ16.34,22.96,28.86,29.25,32.06,51.74,123.69,127.20,129.34,136.07,137.28,140.43,183.13.
E)1-(6-四氢化萘基)环丁烷羧酸基氯化钠
往250ml烧瓶中加入1-(6-四氢化萘基)环丁烷羧酸(37.7g,0.164mol)、50mlCH2Cl2和106ml2.0M草酰氯的CH2Cl2溶液。反应搅拌过夜。真空除掉溶剂并蒸馏蜡状固体,得到38.0g(87.6%)1-(6-四氢化萘基)环丁烷羧基氯化物浅黄色蜡状固体(bp0.64130-134℃)。
F)2,2-二甲基-3-(4′-羟基苯基硫)丙酸叔丁酯钠盐
往500ml烧瓶中加入溶于200ml无水MeOH中的2,2-二甲基-3-(4′-羟基苯基硫)丙酸叔丁酯,然后加入溶于100ml无水MeOH中的甲氧基钠(7.56g,0.140mol)。搅拌1小时后,将所得溶液蒸发并于60℃/1mmHg条件下用盐干燥过夜。所得苯氧基钠进一步纯化后便可使用。
G)1-(6-四氢化萘基)环丁烷羧酸4-(2′-羧基-叔丁氧基-2′-甲基丙巯基)苯酯
在氮气下,将2,2-二甲基-3-(4′-羟基苯基硫)丙酸叔丁酯钠盐(42.60g,0.140mol)溶于300ml无水THF并加到干燥的1升烧瓶中。往搅拌的溶液中滴加1-(6-四氢化萘基)环丁烷羧基氯化物(30.8g,0.143mol)的THF(50ml)溶液,历时30分钟。反应搅拌过夜,真空除掉THF。残余物吸入乙醚(200ml)和水(200ml)的混合物,并分出有机层。用稀NaHCO3(100ml)和水(100ml)洗涤有机层之后,溶液用硫酸镁干燥。过滤和蒸发所得溶液,得到的油状物用硅胶色谱法纯化(4∶1己烷/CH2Cl2),得到所需油状产物(57.8g,83%)。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ1.21(s,6H),1.42(s,9H),1.80(br s,4H),1.80-2.15(m,2H),2.45-2.65(m,2H),2.76(br s,4H),2.90-3.00(m,2H),3.09(s,2H),6.90(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),7.00-7.15(m,3H),7.34(d,J=8.7Hz,2H);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ16.35,22.96,24.60,27.70,28.85,29.25,32.08,44.33,45.43,52.13,80.58,121.99,123.63,127.03,129.40,131.22,134.80,136.01,137.36,139.62,149.72,174.94,175.53.
H)1-(6-四氢化萘基)环丁烷羧酸4-(2′-羧基-2′-甲基丙巯基)苯酯(395)
往一个250ml烧瓶中加入1-(6-四氢化萘基)环丁烷羧酸4-(2′-羧基-叔丁氧基-2′-甲基丙基巯基)苯酯(57.0g,0.117mol)、CH2Cl2(150ml)和三氟乙酸(35ml)。用TLC(硅胶,CH2Cl2)控制搅拌的反应,直至反应完全,并用CH2Cl2(300ml)和水(500ml)稀释。分离后,用水(100ml)、稀NaHCO3(100ml)洗涤有机相,并用硫酸镁干燥。溶液过滤、浓缩和用硅胶色谱法纯化。用1∶1己烷/CH2Cl2洗脱除掉非极性杂质,然后产物(395)用9∶1CH2Cl2/EtOAc洗脱,得到41g(79.9%)粘稠油。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ1.28(s,6H),1.80(br s,4H),1.85-2.20(m,2H),2.50-2.70(m,2H),2.77(br s,4H),2.90-3.00(m,2H),3.13(s,2H),6.89(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.00-7.20(m,3H),7.36(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),9.60-9.80(br s,1H);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ16.33,22.96,34.36,28.85,29.28,32.07,43.79,45.12,52.11,122.05,123.63,127.03,129.41,131.89,133.95,136.08,137.36,139.96,150.20,175.11,182.85.
实施例15
合成1-(6-四氢化萘基)-环丁烷羧酸4-(2′-羧基-2′-甲基丙基亚磺酰基苯酯(396)
往一个250ml烧瓶中加入硫醚(395)(9.5g,0.0217mol)、HOAc(50ml)和4ml30%H2O2。用TLC(硅胶,95∶4.5∶0.5CH2Cl2/CH3OH/HOAc)控制反应直至反应完全(约30分钟)。混合物用水(200ml)、乙醚(200ml)稀释,并分离。有机层用水(2×100ml)洗,硫酸镁干燥和过滤。蒸发后,加入环己烷并蒸发混合物,得到8.91g(90.3%)亚砜(396)白色固体(mp127-129℃)。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ1.42(s,3H),1.52(s,3H),1.80(br s,4H),1.85-2.20(m,2H),2.55-2.70(m,2H),2.78(br s,4H),2.85-3.05(m,2H),3.05(br s,2H),7.00-7.25(m,3H),7.16(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.68(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),10.40-10.70(br s,1H);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ16.29,22.86,24.55,25.70,28.79,29.22,32.01,41.72,52.11,68.82,122.66,123.57,125.52,126.98,129.46,136.13,137.42,139.66,141.06,153.57,174.61,180.17.
实施例16
合成1-(6-四氢化萘基)-环丁烷羧酸4-(2′-羧基-2′-甲基丙基磺酰基)苯酯(397)
往一个250ml烧瓶中加入硫醚(395)(10.0g,0.0228mol)、HOAc(50ml)和23ml30%H2O2。搅拌反应混合物2天,用水(200ml)稀释,用乙醚(200ml)萃取并分离。用水(2×100ml)洗涤有机层,硫酸镁干燥和过滤。蒸发后,加入环己烷并蒸发混合物,得到9.6g(89.5%)产品砜(397)透明固体(mp58-60℃)。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ1.46(s,6H),1.82(br s,4H),1.85-2.20(m,2H),2.55-2.70(m,2H),2.79(br s,4H),2.85-3.10(m,2H),3.48(s,2H),7.00-7.20(m,3H),7.19(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.92(d,J=8.4Hz,2H);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ16.29,22.84,24.91,28.79,29.22,31.96,41.18,52.11,64.32,122.54,123.55,126.97,129.57,136.26,137.47,138.14,139.41,155.50,174.28,181.37.
实施例17
合成4-(2′-羧基-2′-甲基丙巯基)苯基2-(3′,4′-二乙基苯基)异丁酸(341)及其钠盐
A)2-(3′,4′-二乙基苯基)异丁酰氯
通过滴液漏斗,将草酰氯的12.0MCH2Cl2溶液(413ml)加入到2-(3′,4′-二乙基苯基)异丁酸和100mlCH2Cl2的溶液中。搅拌过夜后,真空除掉挥发组分,并蒸馏残余物,得到143g(87%)所需酰氯(bp2.7mm124℃)无色油。
B)2-(3′,4′-二乙基苯基)异丁酸4-(2′-羧基叔丁氧基-2′-甲基丙巯基)苯酯
往2,2-二甲基-3-(4′-羟基苯硫基)丙酸叔丁酯钠盐(163.8g,0.538mol)的800ml无水THF溶液中用输送针加入2-(3′,4′-二乙基苯基)异丁酰氯(134.8g,0.564mol)。立即形成白色沉淀,反应进行过夜。真空除掉挥发组分,残余物溶于1升水中,并用Et2O萃取溶液。水洗有机层,然后用稀NaHCO3溶液洗涤,然后用硫酸镁干燥。蒸发溶液并将残余物用硅胶色谱法纯化(己烷洗脱杂质,然后用CH2Cl2),得到213.7g(85%)所需的浅黄色油状产物。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ1.20-1.35(m,12H),1.42(s,9H,1.69(s,6H),2.55-2.75(m,4H),3.10(s,2H),6.89(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),7.15-7.25(m,3H),7.35(d,J=8.7Hz,2H);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ14.84,15.21,24.61,24.81,25.57,26.27,27.73,44.33,45.41,46.41,80.61,122.02,123.11,125.76,128.56,131.19,134.88,140.52,141.68,142.12,149.80,175.73,175.86.
C)4-(2′-羧基-2′-甲基丙巯基)苯基2-(3′,4′-二乙基苯基)异丁酸(341)
往一个装有2-(3′,4′-二乙基苯基)异丁酸4-(2′-羧基叔丁氧基-2′-甲基丙巯基)苯酯(213.7g,0.441mol)的2升烧瓶中,加入三氟乙酸(100ml)。在总共4天内,每隔24小时追加50ml等份的TFA,以确保完全反应。反应用500ml水急冷,并用Et2O(500ml)萃取。有机层用水洗,硫酸镁干燥并浓缩。残余物用硅胶色谱纯化(1∶1己烷/CH2Cl2洗脱非极性杂质,然后用Et2O洗脱),得到152g(80%)浅黄色油状产物(341)。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ1.23(t,J=7.5Hz,6H),1.27(s,6H),1.68(s,6H),2.60-2.80(m,4H),3.14(s,2H),6.89(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),7.18-7.30(m,3H),7.37(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),9.4-10.7(br s,1H);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ14.83,15.25,24.36,24.78,25.57,26.24,43.79,45.06,46.39,122.11,123.14,125.75,128.60,131.82,134.06,140.56,141.66,142.14,150.09,175.90,183.00.
D)4-(2′-羧基-2′-甲基丙巯基)苯基2-(3′,4′-二乙基苯基)异丁酸钠盐
将游离酸(341)(85.7g,0.200mol)溶于EtOH中,并加入溶于最低量水中的5%摩尔过量的钠(如Na2CO3)。搅拌30分钟后,真空蒸除掉挥发性溶剂,残余物溶于500ml水中。溶液壁冻冻干后,得到定量产率的粗钠盐。将粗盐溶于最低用量的热EtOAc纯化产物,过滤和冷却后,得到纯钠盐(mp149-151℃)
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ1.10(s,6H),1.19(t,J=7.6Hz,3H),1.98(t,J=7.6Hz,3H),1.64(s,6H),2.55-2.70(m,4H),3.00(s,2H),6.76(d,J=8.7Hz),2H),7.10-7.35(m,5H);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ15.07,15.46,24.97,25.74,26.01,26.45,44.01,46.47,121.56,122.98,125.50,128.35,130.54,135.46,140.21,141.39,141.81,148.92,175.84,184.47.
如前所述,本发明的化合物显示出HLE抑制活性,这表明这些化合物能有效地治疗肺气肿、关节炎、动脉硬化、急性呼吸系统综合症(ARDS)、肠炎综合症、心肌梗塞、齿周膜病等疾病。对于这种用途,化合物可采用常规途径给药,例如口服、静脉内、皮下、皮内、腹膜内或肌内给药。对于肺气肿,化合物往往以治疗有效的用量给药,一般是采用口服或直肠给药,也可采用支气管吸药合剂形式。对于齿周膜病,化合物一般是以合适的载体形式给药。对于心肌梗塞和ARDS,化合物可以一定时间连续静脉内输液给药。
用于抑制HLE的化合物的量随着所涉及的病症和性质和程度而变化。举例来说,预计含0.05-20%活性化合物的合剂,每天每剂量单位几小时2-100mg剂量可提供治疗肺气肿的治疗有效量。典型地,对于心肌梗死和ARDS,可按照本领域公知的标准方法,以mg/kg/min确定静脉内输液的剂量。举例来说,其它单位剂量可以是约5μg~500mg。可确定给药的剂量大小和给药次数以提供所需HLE抑制作用。
含本发明化合物的药物组合物可包括具有无毒药用载体的片剂,胶囊,溶液或悬浮液。这些组合物可包括普通类型的添加剂,例如崩解剂或悬浮剂或其它。选用于静脉内给药的化合物应在水溶液中可溶,而那些用于(例如)口服的配方则不必是水溶性的。
预计局部药物配方也可用于治疗皮炎,粉刺和齿周膜病等等。
本发明化合物疗效甚高,而且是嗜中性白血球弹性蛋白酶的高度选择性抑制剂。化合物还似乎显示出合适的血清稳定性。化合物的水溶解性不同,可以理解,各化合物给药的最终方式至少在某种程度上,将取决于所涉及的化合物的溶解性。
在这方面,可以改进本发明化合物的水溶性而不会对活性、选择性或血清稳定性产生不利的影响,方法是在式(Ⅵ)化合物的环上选择合适的R4取代基。这些化合物可被看成是由两种组分构成,即分别由酸和酚反应物引入的酰基和离去基团。在离去基上引入特定的稳定的取代基R4来改进水溶液或缓冲液的溶解性而不会对化合物活性造成不利影响可得到以下数据的说明,这些数据对有和无改性的离去基团的化合物典型系列做了比较(表Ⅲ)。
Figure 911034331_IMG64
不打算受任何操作或功用的理论限制,本发明的化合物可能结合到中性白血球弹性蛋白酶的活性部位上。更具体地说,看来酰基可能结合到S底物部位,即结合囊的缬氨酸或脯氨酸-缬氨酸区,且离去基延伸到S′位中。
本发明的代表性化合物与美国专利4,801,610介绍的化合物的特征性化合物(化合物A)做了比较。所做的比较是针对效力〔以人体嗜中性白血球弹性蛋白酶(HNE)、猪胰弹性蛋白酶(PPE)和α-糜蛋白酶(α-CH)的I50′s表示〕,特异性〔(以PPE/HNE)和(α-CH/HNE)的I50′s比值表示〕和用所列化合物的活化无损的人体中性白细胞抑制胞外基质消化的能力(表示为控制分数)。得到以下结果(表Ⅳ):
Figure 911034331_IMG65
以上数据表明,按照本发明在α-碳上引入一个芳环取代基与带有简单新戊酰基的化合物相比改进了效力(化合物3,37,188,289,346和384对化合物A)。另外,在α碳上用芳基取代基代替甲基也显著改善了相对特异性,特别是相对于猪胰弹性蛋白酶(PPE)(化合物289对化合物A)。类似地,在胞外基质(ECM)分析中,比较了化合物抑制胞外基质蛋白质的整体中性白细胞消化,所有本文公开的化合物均比参考化合物A更有效。
采用以下试验测定本发明化合物的活性:
效力(I50测定法)
试剂:
A)0.075M磷酸钠,20%二甲亚砜(DMSO),PH7.7-底物和抑制剂缓冲剂
B)0.075M磷酸钠,无DMSO,PH7.7-抑制剂缓冲剂
C)10mM人体中性白细胞弹性蛋白酶(HNE)底物=DMSO中的N-甲氧基琥珀酰-aLa-aLa-PrO-VaL-PNA的DMSO溶液
D)0.01M乙酸钠,20%DMSO,PH5.5-酶缓冲剂(稀释液)
E)0.01M乙酸钠,PH5.5=酶缓冲剂(贮存)
F)溶于1ml试剂E中的HNE(1mg)(贮存于20℃)
制备10mM抑制剂的DMSO原液。在试剂A中,把一等份样品(10μl)稀释到1.0ml(100μm)。在试剂A中,依次把100μl  100μm原液稀释到10.0,1.0,0.1,0.01μM。把100μl稀释物加到96-孔板的孔中。在试剂D中,将一等份试剂F进行1∶150稀释,将50μl等份加到所述孔中,并在室温下温育7分钟。
将100μl试剂C吸入50μl试剂A和400μl试剂B中制备HNE底物溶液。温育7分钟后,将底物(50μl)加到各孔中。然后,在405nm用分光光度计法监控HNE催化反应,并使用ELISA板式读数机(UVMAX,Molecular Devices)借助于动力学程序处理原始数据。将酶活性对不同抑制剂浓度做图,并利用曲线拟合软件程序测定I50值。一旦接近“屏”I50,则可通过检测该值附近的抑制剂浓度得到更精确的I50值。
特异性测定法
试剂:
1)猪胰弹性蛋白酶(PPE)1mg/mL溶于0.01M乙酸钠,PH5.0。在0.01M乙酸钠、20%DMSO、10mM CaCl2中,将一等份该原液以1∶20稀释(PH5.5)。
2)α-糜蛋白酶(α-CH)1mg/ml溶于0.01M乙酸钠,PH5.5。在0.01M乙酸钠、20%DMSO、10mM CaCl2(PH5.5)和0.005 triton X-100洗涤中,将一等份该原液1∶85稀释。
3)PPE底物:N-琥珀酰-aLa-aLa-aLa-PNA  10mM的DMSO原液。
4)α-CH底物:N-琥珀酰-aLa-aLa-pro-Leu-PNA20mM的DMSO原液。
5)抑制剂,底物缓冲剂:0.1Mtris-Hcl,0.01MCaCl2,0.005% triton X-100,20% DMSO,PH7.7。
制备胞外基质(ECM)
1.将培育在原液培养瓶中的大鼠平滑肌细胞(R22)用胰蛋白酶/EDTA液从瓶面上分离出,用含牛胎血清的MEN冲洗,并使用24-孔组织培养板以每孔50,000细胞的浓度(1ml/孔)接种。
2.培养基:具有Earle′s盐的Eagle′s  MEM
1%青霉素/链霉素
1%谷氨酰胺
10%热饨化的牛胎血清
2%色氨磷酸盐肉汤
3.然后将细胞培育合生(3-4天),取出培养基,并加入含3H-脯氨酸(500μCi/l)的新培养基。
4.同时,加入放射性培养基,加入1滴/孔/天的抗坏血酸溶液(1.28mg/ml  Hank平衡盐溶液)。
5.5天后加入含3H-脯氨酸的新的培养基,并持续培养共8-10天。
6.然后取出培养基,用磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)冲洗各孔两次。细胞用1ml 25mMNH4OH溶解约3-5分钟,除去溶液,并使各孔风干(未暴露在UV光线下)过夜。
7.各孔用PBS冲洗3遍,并与每孔1ml  PSB一起冷冻于-20℃。
8.当要求用板进行分析时,将它们于37℃融化2小时,再用Hank平衡盐溶液洗一遍。
人体中性白细胞分离和ECM消化分析
1.将血液抽入肝素化的注射器(1ml/25ml血液)。
2.然后,将肝素化的血液(25ml)加到15ml  Hetastarch,轻微混合并将红细胞放置在室温下25-30分钟。
3.然后,无红细胞的上清液在不连续Percoll梯度(3ml  74%  Percoll;3ml  55%)的顶部成层。
4.然后,将试管以1500×g在非致冻离心机中离子20分钟。
5.然后,从74/50%界面收集PMN,稀释并用盐水洗两遍。
6.如果存在红细胞,则将其用在离子水溶解15秒,加入盐溶液以使含盐度返回到0.9%,并用离心分离法回收PMN。
7.将PMN再悬浮于含1%谷氨酰胺和1%青霉素/链霉素的Dulbecco′s  MEM中并用晶体紫染料计数。
8.然后,将PMM浓度调成106细胞/ml,并分成等份加入到前述3H-脯氨酸ECM培养板的各孔中(1ml/孔)。
9.将细胞放置15分钟并加入抑制剂,随后立即加入佛波醇十四酸酯(PMA)(最终浓度为10nM)。
10.然后,将各板在37℃保温,在不同时间点取出100μl等份的上清液。通过液体闪烁计数测定加溶放射性。
11.从测定的计数中减去本底(无PMN)孔的放射性(计数/分)。
12.测定试验孔(加了抑制剂)中实测到的计数与由未加抑制剂的孔中得到的计数之比,以评估抑制作用:
ECM消化分数= (由PMA刺激的PMN加抑制剂得到的计数-空白)/(仅由PMA刺激的PMN得到的计数-空白)
可以理解,在不背离本发明的精神实质和范围内可做出不同的变型或变种,它们被限制在所附权利要求中。

Claims (1)

1、一种制备式Ⅵ化合物或其无毒药用盐的方法:
其中:
R1和R2可相同或不同,选自氢、C1-6烷基、C3-6环烷基,或R1和R2一起代表亚甲基-(CH2)n-,其中n是1-6中的一个整数;
R′3代表R3或R3Pg,其中Pg是一合适的保护基,其中aR3代表五个以下的一种或多种取代基,选自:
氢,卤素,C1-12卤烷基,C1-12烷基,C1-12烷氧基,C2-12链烯基,C3-12环烷基,单一或二环芳基,
-ZR5,式中Z是O,S,S(O)或SO2且R5是氢,C1-18烷基,C3-12环烷基或苯基;
-NR6R7,式中R6和R7可相同或不同,可以是C1-12烷基,C3-6环烷基,苯基,C1-12烷氧基,式-C(O)R8的酰基,其中R8是C1-2烷基,C3-12环烷基,苯基,CH3OC(O)CH2CH2-,HOOCCH2CH2-,NaO3SCH2CH2NHC(O)CH2CH2-或R6和R7一起可代表-C(O)CH2CH2C(O)-,-C(O)-C6H4-C(O)-或-(CH2)x-,其中x是2,3,4,5或6;
通过氮原子连到苯环上的吗啉代,咪唑或哌嗪基或
R3代表在相邻环碳之间成另一个C1-6碳环或包括一个或多个O,S或N环原子的5-6无杂环所需的原子;
R′4是R4或R4Pg,其中
R4是1~5个取代基,选自氢、卤素,硝基,-C(O)CH3,S(O)pR9,其中p是0,1或2且R是羟基,-ONa或可选择取代的C1-12烷基或可选择取代的环烷基,
该方法包括:
(a)在一种酸存在下,使式ⅩⅩⅤⅢ的苯基乙酸
与醇ROH反应,得到式ⅩⅩⅠⅩ的化合物:
Figure 911034331_IMG3
(b)当R1或R2不为氢时,用R1Ⅹ和/或R2Ⅹ处理式ⅩⅩⅠⅩ的化合物(其中Ⅹ是卤化物),得到下式化合物:
(c)使式ⅩⅩⅩ的化合物与醇反应
Figure 911034331_IMG4
得到苯基链烷酸衍生物,然后该衍生物得到下式酰卤衍生物:
(d)在合适的有机碱存在下,使式Ⅱ化合物与下式化合物反应:
Figure 911034331_IMG5
(e)视情况可除掉Pg基团;
Figure 911034331_IMG6
(f)视情况可将化合物或亚砜或砜衍生物(R′4含硫原子时)以及
(g)视情况形成药用无毒盐。
CN91103433A 1990-05-22 1991-05-22 可用作人体白细胞弹性蛋白酶抑制剂的2-苯基链烷酸酯的制备方法 Pending CN1056680A (zh)

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KR920005712A (ko) 1992-04-03
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NO911956D0 (no) 1991-05-21
AU640777B2 (en) 1993-09-02
IE911732A1 (en) 1991-12-04
HU911703D0 (en) 1991-12-30
ZA913727B (en) 1992-02-26
PT97727A (pt) 1992-02-28
NO911956L (no) 1991-11-25
AR248128A1 (es) 1995-06-30
NO175714C (no) 1994-11-23
HUT58265A (en) 1992-02-28
IL98202A0 (en) 1992-06-21
EP0465802A1 (en) 1992-01-15
CA2042904A1 (en) 1991-11-23
NO175714B (no) 1994-08-15
FI912468A (fi) 1991-11-23
US5214191A (en) 1993-05-25
JPH04226939A (ja) 1992-08-17
NZ238168A (en) 1995-07-26

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