CN1056589C

CN1056589C - Method for preparing NH4 saturated zeolite capable of making undissolved phosphate in soil effective

Info

Publication number: CN1056589C
Application number: CN96102358A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李录久; 张琳; 佘德树; 王瑞芳; 殷雄
Original assignee: Institute of Soil and Fertilizer of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Institute of Soil and Fertilizer of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 1996-07-17
Filing date: 1996-07-17
Publication date: 2000-09-20
Anticipated expiration: 2016-07-17
Also published as: CN1170697A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for preparing NH4<+> saturated zeolite capable of making difficultly soluble phosphate in soil effective. The present invention comprises: natural zeolite is respectively immersed in deionized water, and ammonium chloride or ammonium sulfate saturated solution for 24 hours after ground and sieved by a 60-mesh sieve. NH4<+> saturated zeolite is a strong permutoid with which difficultly soluble phosphate in soil can be released and absorbed by crops; the NH4<+> saturated zeolite can be applied singly, or can be used as a component and applied by being mixed with the other fertilizers; the NH4<+> saturated zeolite has obvious effect on increasing yield and saving fertilizer; the increasing yields on wheat, corn and paddy rice are respectively 10 to 23%, more than 12% and more than 13%.

Description

Method for preparing NH4 saturated zeolite capable of making undissolved phosphate in soil effective

The present invention relates in the agricultural preparation method of a kind of exchange carrier that fertilising uses, exactly be a kind of can be with the NH of insoluble phosphorus effectuation in the soil ₄ ⁺The preparation method of-saturated zeolite.

Phosphorus (P) element is one of required main nutrient of farm crop.Soil lacks phosphorus and is meant that the water-soluble phosphorus that can be made for the thing absorption in the soil is less, so must use the easily molten phosphate fertilizer of high density, this has also constituted one of feature of modernized intensive farming.But the common phosphate fertilizer that applies, its utilization ratio has only 10～25%, this is because phosphate fertilizer changes in soil very soon, water miscible phosphorus mostly is converted into unavailable hydroxyapatite and accumulates (" fertilizer handbook in calcareous soil, Beijing Agricultural University compiles, agricultural press published P284～299 in 1979).Therefore annual a large amount of phosphate fertilizer of all will constructing could satisfy the needs of crop growth.This has not only increased agriculture cost, has also wasted a large amount of phosphate fertilizer and valuable phosphate rock resource, and repeatedly and life-time service, will cause the deterioration of soil and environmental quality, causes plant nutrient supply imbalance, and then influences the health of animal and human's class.As seen how to realize bringing into play the effect of soil self and the residual phosphorus element of fertilizer, the actuating quantity that reduces phosphine fertilizer is of great immediate significance and far reaching significance.

In the sixties in this century, once there were the report that applies clinoptilolite breeze raising crop yield in USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) and Japan.The research that natural zeolite is applied to agricultural has been carried out on ground such as China's zeolite place of production such as Zhejiang, Fujian, Liaoning, mountain pleasure, Heilungkiang successively in recent years, has obtained certain effect of increasing production.These researchs mainly utilize the strong absorption property of natural zeolite, are used for improving soil water-retaining, guarantor's nitrogen and other physical behaviors of improving the soil and play effect of increasing production.

The target of further investigation should be to impel in soil and the phosphatic rock conversion of invalid phosphorus and discharge the available phosphorus that absorbs into crop.Forefathers have had following discovery in the laboratory: human Na such as Mallon ⁺-saturated ion exchanger discharges phosphorus from tricalcium phosphate; People such as Nogenson utilize Na ^--zeolite extracts phosphorus from soil calcium phosphate; People such as Chien utilize H ⁺-saturated resin extracts the phosphorus in the phosphatic rock.People such as Tung-Ming Lai utilize phosphatic rock and NH ₄ ⁺-saturated zeolite mixture discharges the phosphorus in the soil again.As seen, H ⁺Or Na ^-, or NH ₄ ⁺Saturated resin or zeolite are to make invalid phosphorus in the soil be converted into the exchange carrier of available phosphorus, because they can form a switching architecture in soil.People such as Tung-Ming Lai prepare NH like this ₄ ⁺-saturated phosphorus stone, utilize 1MHCl to handle three times, use certain density NH then ₄ ⁺Adsorb saturated.(" the soil progress is learned ",, the 16th volume, the 6th phase, P48～49 in 1988).This preparation method is feasible in the laboratory, but if just there is the handling problem of abraum salt acid in industrialization.

The present invention aims to provide a kind of NH ₄ ⁺-saturated zeolite is new is suitable for industrialized preparation method, and this method is simple, the no three wastes.

Natural zeolite is the frame shape aluminium silicate mineral of a kind of aqueous basic metal and alkaline-earth metal.The condition test of system proves the natural mode zeolite and is monovalent cation (H ⁺, Na ⁺, K ⁺, NH ₄ ⁺) saturated zeolite the effect that makes the insoluble phosphorus effectuation is all arranged in soil.Also cry rare phosphorus effect.NH wherein ₄ ⁺-saturated zeolite (below be abbreviated as NH ₄ ⁺-Z) diluting effect is the strongest, to release phosphorus total amount, NH ₄ ⁺-Z is natural mode zeolite and K ⁺More than 4 times of-saturated zeolite.H ⁺And Na ⁺The saturated zeolite effect also good, but if life-time service, H ⁺Make soil acidification, Na ⁺Cause soil compaction, worsen soil physical property.K ⁺Effect is not only poor but also economical.

NH ₄ ⁺The preparation of-Z can be selected any in the ammonium fertilizer for use, but carbon ammonium (NH ₄HCO ₃) adsorption effect is relatively poor, and is also unstable, ammonium nitrate (NH ₄NO ₃) water absorbability is strong, the explosive that easily hardens is dangerous, ammonium chloride (NH ₄Cl) and sulphur ammonium (NH ₄) ₂SO ₄) advantages of good adsorption effect, water absorbability is little, and stable in properties is easy to use, is preparation NH ₄ ⁺The good raw material of-Z.The same NH of the effect of saturated absorption ₄ ⁺Concentration positive correlation, therefore with saturated NH ₄Cl or (NH ₄) ₂SO ₄Solution is the simplest and the most direct.

The present invention gets natural zeolite and ground 60 mesh sieves, and first pre-treatment was promptly soaked 24 hours with deionized water.Saturated again processing is about to drop into NH through pretreated zeolite ₄Cl or (NH ₄) ₂SO ₄Saturated solution in soaked 24 hours, separate the back airing and promptly get NH ₄ ⁺-Z.

This preparation method is simple and easy, energy free consumption, three-waste free pollution.

NH with this preparation method processing ₄ ⁺-Z in the our province Changfeng, Shou County, and the demonstration of ground such as the Huaibei promoted nearly 100,000 mu, to its volume increase of crop such as wheat, corn, paddy rice, joint fertilizer efficiency fruit is fairly obvious.Stimulation ratio: wheat: 10～23%; Corn: more than 12%; Paddy rice is more than 13%, and for high phosphorus soil, Shaoshi is not even executed phosphate fertilizer, only applies NH ₄ ⁺-Z just can satisfy the needs of the phosphorus element of crop normal development.Lower or the high phosphorus soil to the soil content of tatal phosphorus but the long period stop executing phosphate fertilizer, then need join and execute a small amount of phosphate fertilizer or ground phosphate rock to replenish the phosphorus element in the soil.NH in other words ₄ ⁺-Z both can use separately, can be used as a component again with other applications of mixed fertilizers.

Embodiment:

1. get the natural zeolite that Xuanzhou City is produced, ground 60 mesh sieves, first pre-treatment was promptly soaked 24 hours with deionized water.After the separation, zeolite is dropped into NH ₄Soaked 24 hours in the Cl saturated solution, separate NH ₄Cl solution also can be mixed with saturated solution again and recycle, through NH ₄ ⁺Saturated zeolite dries and promptly gets NH ₄ ⁺-Z:

2. other conditions and operation be with embodiment 1, usefulness (NH during saturated processings ₄) ₂SO ₄Saturated solution.

Claims

One kind can be with the NH of insoluble phosphorus effectuation in the soil ₄ ⁺The preparation method of-saturated zeolite ground 60 mesh sieves after pre-treatment and saturated processing by natural zeolite, separated, airing again, it is characterized in that:

(1), described pre-treatment promptly is to soak 24 hours with deionized water;

(2), described saturated processing promptly is to soak 24 hours with the saturated solution of ammonium chloride or ammonium sulfate.