CN105622231A

CN105622231A - Vegetable soilless culture and seedling growing matrix

Info

Publication number: CN105622231A
Application number: CN201410590062.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 不公告发明人
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2014-10-29
Filing date: 2014-10-29
Publication date: 2016-06-01

Abstract

The invention discloses a vegetable seedling growing matrix, and belongs to the technical field of soilless culture. The formula of the matrix comprises, by volume, 10-40% of fermented vinegar residues, 5-30% of fermented cassava residues, 5-30% of plant ash, 5-30% of perlite, 5-30% of vermiculite and 10-25% of peat. The water content of the matrix is not greater than 50%, the total porosity is 65-95%, the content of organic matters is not lower than 20%, the content of total nutrients (N + P2O5 + K2O) is 3-5%, the particle size is 0.1-4.9mm, the unit weight is 0.2-0.8g/cm<3>, the air-to-water ratio of 1:2-4, the EC value is 1-3, and the pH value is 5.8-7.5. The seedling growing matrix is prepared mainly from organic wastes through high temperature fermentation treatment, so wastes are changed into valuables, and harmful materials are converted into beneficial materials. The matrix has the advantages of low cost, light weight and nutrient completeness, is very suitable for growth of vegetable seedlings, and is a good matrix for vegetable soilless culture factory plug seedling growth.

Description

A kind of seedling substrate for soilless culture for vegetables

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of vegetable soilless culture nutrient matrix, particularly relate to a kind of seedling substrate for soilless culture for vegetables, belong to vegetable soilless culture technical field.

Background technology

Soilless culture, refer to and carry out, with substrate or nutritional solution, the cultural method irrigated without natural soil, it is mainly used on vegetable or flowers, it is a water-saving, economizes the high yield and high quality advanced technology of fertile saving of labor again, this technique functions comes from 19th century, starting to be applied to agricultural production the thirties in 20th century, the countries use ratio such as Holland, Japan, New Zealand, Italy is wide, more than 100 the countries use development in the whole world of current cultivation technique without soil.

China's cultivation technique without soil research is started late with application, but more original cultivation technique without soil is with a long history, and raw bean sprout, kind narcissus are early on the books to (just having in the Song dynasty to evening). But more regular scientific research and production application, then be the thing of recent decades. Shandong Agricultural University started in 1975, with vermiculite culture Citrullus vulgaris, Fructus Cucumidis sativi, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti etc., all to succeed, within 1987, reach 6000 square metres at Shengli Oil Field popularizing area. Within 1985, in academy of agricultural sciences of Hebei province Vegetable Research Institute, having held Chinese conference, set up the soilless culture group of China, and held nationwide academic discussion in 1986,1987, attendant is up to hundred people. In May, 1988, first Chinese has attended the annual meeting of the 7th the international soilless culture association held in Holland, and has at the meeting delivered paper, causes the attention of a lot of country.

Substrate culture is a kind of mode that in soilless culture, popularizing area is maximum. It is to be fixed in the substrate of organic or inorganic by the root system of crop, by the method for drip irrigation or trickle irrigation, supplies crop alimentary liquid. Current countries in the world great majority adopt gravel, sand, mud (grass) charcoal, Vermiculitum, perlite, rock wool, wood sawdust etc. as fixing substrate. Existing domestic seedling medium production unit is mainly using Vermiculitum, perlite, peat and animal wastes, reed, Chinese medicine slag, mushroom slag etc. as seedling medium raw material. But, peat originates in northeast, and resource is tight, it is impossible to regeneration, and the enterprise in Jiangsu uses peat costly; The granules such as reed, Chinese medicine slag, mushroom slag are big, it is necessary to grinding and processing; Although animal wastes are nutritious, but it is few to there is quantity, collects the deficiencies such as difficulty, it is difficult to meet the needs of industrial seedling rearing. Although there being the report utilizing vinegar to produce substrate, but its substrate is according to the requirement preparation transplanting greening seedling, is mainly suitable for surviving and growing of transplanting nursery stock, and its granule is relatively thicker, and nutritional requirement is not high yet, is not suitable for doing seedling medium; And Jiangsu University Li Ping duckweed utilizes vinegar to produce the technical scheme of botanical seedling culturing and cultivation matrix, the time because proposing compares early, and some production technologies are not overripened, and are mainly used as cultivation, and the special seedling medium of non-critical.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the invention to for the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that a kind of with fermentation acid-sludge and manioc waste for primary raw material, produce the special seedling medium of vegetable soilless culture scheme.

The technical scheme is that and be accomplished by:

A kind of seedling substrate for soilless culture for vegetables, its composition includes Vermiculitum, perlite, the peat composed of rotten mosses and plant ash, it is characterised in that: this matrix components also includes the acid-sludge and the manioc waste that process by fermentation; In this matrix formulations, the ratio of each component is by volume: acid-sludge 10-40%, manioc waste 5-30%, plant ash 5-30%, perlite 5_30%, Vermiculitum 5_30%, peat composed of rotten mosses 10-25%; < 50%, total porosity 65-95%, content of organic matter San 20%, total nutrient content 3_5%, particle diameter 0.1-4.9_, unit weight 0.2-0.8g/cm3, gas-water ratio is I:2-4, EC value be l_3mS/cm, pH is 5.8-7.5 to this water content of substrate.

Described fermentation process is, with CM-101 high temperature quick rotting agent or EM microorganism formulation, acid-sludge and manioc waste are carried out decomposition reactor system process, and the composting time is 30-180 days; Described CM-101 high temperature quick rotting agent is made up of actinomycetes, yeast, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus cereus etc., effective active hundred million units/gram of bacterium bacteria containing amount 0.5-1, and wherein actinomycetes account for 40-60%; Quick rotting agent consumption is that every IOOm3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 15-20kg.

Described EM preparation is that Liu Qiu university of Japan is than good a kind of micro ecological active bacteria liquid preparation according to husband's teaching inventive, common name EM stock solution or former dew. EM is the effective microbe living flora formed by 10 kind 80 multiple-microorganisms such as photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast and actinomycetes. EM product through many units such as China Agricultural University, Nanjing soil institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu Province Agriculture Science Institute at national 20 Duo Ge provinces and cities and region test, it was demonstrated that its stable in properties, function extensively, suffer from obvious action in plantation, cultivation, the depollution of environment etc. Its consumption is that every IOOm3 raw material adds EM stock solution l-2kg.

Described total nutrient is N+P205+K20.

Beneficial effects of the present invention.

1, the present invention is directed to the feature that acid-sludge organic acid content is high, using the higher plant ash of alkalescence is adjuvant, is possible not only to reduce the acid-base value of substrate, and plant ash potassium content is higher, also have abundant trace element, be well suited for the growth promoter of vegetable seedling.

2, acid-sludge and manioc waste are all the organic wastes of light industry, and quantity is many, and purposes is few, are used for producing vegetable soilless culture substrate, it is possible to reduce environmental pollution, turn waste into wealth, turn harm into good.

3, the seedling medium that the present invention produces, quality is light, and nutrient is complete, and cost is low, easy to use, it is possible to be widely used in vegetable soilless culture industrial hole plate seedling growth.

Claims

1. a seedling substrate for soilless culture for vegetables, including Vermiculitum, perlite, the peat composed of rotten mosses and plant ash, it is characterised in that: this matrix components also includes the acid-sludge and the manioc waste that process by fermentation; This matrix formulations volume components ratio is: acid-sludge 10-40%, manioc waste 5-30%, plant ash 5-30%, perlite 5-30%, Vermiculitum 5_30%, peat composed of rotten mosses 10-25%; This water content of substrate < 50%, total porosity 65-95%, content of organic matter San 20%, total nutrient content 3-5%, particle diameter 0.1-4.9mm, unit weight 0.2-0.8g/cm3, gas-water ratio is I:2-4, EC value be l-3mS/cm, pH is 5.8-7.5; Described fermentation process is, with CM-101 high temperature quick rotting agent or EM microorganism formulation, acid-sludge and manioc waste are carried out decomposition reactor system process, and the composting time is 30-180 days; Described EM preparation consumption is that every IOOm3 raw material adds EM stock solution l_2kg; Described CM-101 high temperature quick rotting agent is " vast of heaven board " CM-101 high temperature quick rotting agent that Yanji produces, and consumption is that every IOOm3 raw material adds CM-101 high temperature quick rotting agent 20kg.

2. a kind of seedling substrate for soilless culture for vegetables according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described total nutrient is N+P205+K20o

A kind of seedling substrate for soilless culture for vegetables according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: this matrix formulations volume ratio is: acid-sludge 35%, manioc waste 15%, plant ash 10%, perlite 10%, Vermiculitum 15%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 15%.

3. a kind of seedling substrate for soilless culture for vegetables according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: this matrix formulations volume ratio is: acid-sludge 25%, manioc waste 20%, plant ash 10%, perlite 15%, Vermiculitum 15%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 15%.

4. a kind of seedling substrate for soilless culture for vegetables according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: this water content of substrate (45%, total porosity 70%, content of organic matter San 20%, N+P205+K20 total nutrient content 5%, particle diameter 2_3mm, unit weight 0.5g/cm3, gas-water ratio is 1:3, EC value be 1.8mS/cm, pH is 6.8.

5. a kind of seedling substrate for soilless culture for vegetables according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the described fermentation process composting time is 90 days.