CN105613179A

CN105613179A - Planting method of apple trees

Info

Publication number: CN105613179A
Application number: CN201610029710.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吕文玲
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2016-01-18
Filing date: 2016-01-18
Publication date: 2016-06-01

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method of apple trees. The planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: (1) selecting seedlings; (2) carrying out soil preparation and building an orchard; (3) planting; (4) carrying out fertilizer and water management; (5) laying reflective films; (6) preventing and treating diseases and insect pests; (7) timely harvesting. By the management steps of ploughing and orchard building, planting, fertilizer and water management and the like, advance prevention from insect pests and reinforcement of resistance of the apple trees to various diseases are achieved, and pest damage can be inhibited; by laying the reflective films, full-red apples are increased, and apples with high quality are produced; raw materials adopted by the planting method realize changing waste into wealth, are low in price and are beneficial for reducing air pollution, and haze is reduced, and thus, the planting method has the characteristics of prevention from insect pests, high quality, high yield, all-sided thick red apples, wide adaptability, good economic benefits and the like, and further accords with the market requirements.

Description

A kind of implantation methods of apple tree

Technical field

The present invention relates to plant cover cultivation methods, particularly the implantation methods of a kind of apple tree.

Background technology

Fructus Mali pumilae is rich in trace element such as potassium, magnesium, zinc, not only to healthy, and the skin of girl is had lubrication and light white effect, is subject to consumer and likes. Along with improving constantly of people's living standard, the requirement of food is also more and more higher, and pollution-free food arises at the historic moment. But due to the fast development of industry, the atmospheric pollution brought therewith, water resource pollution increasingly have influence on the life of people. In Apple Growth process, in order to prevent various pest and disease damage, have to leaf and fruit are sprayed insecticide, which in turns increases and the suction volume of fruit toxin. Perhaps, the appearance of some New Type of Diseases, has just eaten unsound food with people relevant, and these foods also include fruit certainly. Although there is the so multipair influential factor of health in growth course in fruit, but it is not specifically designed for the treating method of above-mentioned pollution and harm, remain traditional water, apply fertilizer, deinsectization, to ensure for the purpose of moisture content required in its growth course and nutriment, its result be exactly people sucked unconsciously many oneself know and unknown toxin, these toxin slowly corrode the health of people, bring certain harm to the health of people.

Apple breeding to improve yield, must improve outward appearance, and enhancement fruit quality is main target, is bred as and adapts to different regions, different condition, the new varieties that color, smell and taste are all good. In order to reach high yield requirement, breeder is firstly placed to attention in tree management and the fruit habit of composition high yield factor, it is ensured that new varieties result is early, it is easy to forms bud, has the ability being annual fruiting. Requirement fruit size is moderate, shape neat, and color and luster is beautiful, no matter red, yellow or green, is all preferred so that true qualities are pure, more favourable with comprehensive dense red fruit.

Fructus Mali pumilae is the plant of a kind of cold-resistant non-refractory, is grown in the north. South temperature is high, high humidity, and present apple tree is unsuitable for planting in south. At present, south yet there are no and successfully plants Fructus Mali pumilae by north method. It is that south orchard worker thirsts for solving the technical problem that searching one may be adapted to southern apple cultivation method.

It is badly in need of the implantation methods of a kind of apple tree in the market.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is directed to above-mentioned deficiency, it is provided that the implantation methods of a kind of apple tree.

The technical scheme is that and be achieved in that:

The implantation methods of a kind of apple tree, specifically includes following steps:

(1) Seedling is selected: select the Fructus Mali pumilae seedling of robust plant;

(2) Zheng Dijian garden: select the sandy loam soil that soil layer is deep, deep ploughing 25-35cm, before deep ploughing, every mu is preferably spread fertilizer over the fields quick lime 40-80kg, to improve soil physical and chemical property and to eliminate soil disease pest residuum, then it is added thereto to poultry manure 100-200kg, carbamide 50-80kg, Punica granatum L. corium farinosum 10-30kg, attapulgite 40-80kg, bamboo charcoal powder 30-50kg and modified agricultural crop straw 90-100kg;

(3) plantation: the seedling chosen is transplanted in ground, line-spacing 4-5m during plantation, spacing in the rows 3-4m, can plant 210-330 strain for every mu;

(4) rich water quality management: water in time, duty is topdressed;

(5) paving reflective membrane: plastic film mulch time, bagging orchard is typically in extracing fruit bag and carries out after 3-5 days, and the orchard of non-bagging should carry out for 30-40 days before gathering; Plastic film mulch method, is layered on tree crown both sides along tree row, and the outside of reflective membrane is neat with the outer rim of tree crown; During laying, the reflective membrane of rolling is put in the one end in orchard, then backs up and film is slowly rolled expansion, expansion limit, limit stone, fragment of brick or rope press mold, it is possible to the tree rod of support branch is lifted and is pressed on film; Press mold should not use soil, in case being made dirty by reflective surface affect reflecting effect; It should be noted that film is not punctured during press mold; Management after plastic film mulch: running check after plastic film mulch, should again flatten the film swept by wind in time when running into blowing and raining, the earth on film, fallen leaves and hydrops be cleaned up, it is ensured that result of use;

(6) prevention and elimination of disease and pests: the Major Diseases of harm apple tree has early defoliation disease, brown spot, red spider, smaller apple leafrol-ler etc.; The key agents of prevention and elimination of disease and pests has 50% carbendazim or the preventing and treating of 800-1000 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate methyl, it is also possible to 1: (2-3): 240 times Bordeaux mixture preventing and treatings or 20% demodicid mite is extremely clean or 10% gram of full clean 2000-3000 times of liquid of victory etc.;

(7) timely collecting.

In the present invention, as further illustrating, the poultry manure described in described step (2) be swine excrement, chicken and duck feces, cattle manure just in a kind of feces or several feces.

In the present invention, as further illustrating, the preparation method of the modified agricultural crop straw described in described step (2) is as follows:

(1) take agricultural crop straw, pulverize, add the water being equivalent to the ammonium molybdate of agricultural crop straw weight 2-4%, the manganese sulfate of 1-2%, the nano-carbon powder of 1-2%, the clay of 30-40%, 1-2 times amount, mixing making beating; Exposure to Sunlight becomes dry to 6-8 again, is ground into coarse grain;

(2) add, in the coarse grain of preparation, the methyl methacrylate being equivalent to its weight 5-15%, stir, dry at 40-60 DEG C, be ground into into powder and get final product.

In the present invention, as further illustrating, topdressing as entering carbamide 120-150kg, liquid dung 60-70kg, rapeseed cake powder 40-45kg, zeolite powder 80-90kg, zinc sulphate heptahydrate 10-12kg, phosphate fertilizer 30-40kg and potash fertilizer 25-30kg described in described step (4).

The invention have the benefit that

1, raw material of the present invention turn waste into wealth, cheap, favorably reduce air pollution, reduce the generation of haze, modified agricultural crop straw performance of the adsorbent prepared by the present invention is stable, and the Organic substance such as heavy metal ion and dyestuff has the absorbability of wide spectrum, has good economic and social benefit.

2, the present invention is by management processs such as Zheng Dijian garden, rich water quality managements, accomplish pre-insect-pest in advance, strengthen the apple tree resistivity to multiple diseases, and pest damage can be suppressed, by spreading reflective membrane to increase full Fructus Pyracanthae, produce the Fructus Mali pumilae of high-quality, there is pre-insect-pest, high-quality, high yield, wide adaptability, the feature such as good in economic efficiency, more meet market demand.

Detailed description of the invention

The present invention is further illustrated below by specific embodiment.

Embodiment 1:

(2) Zheng Dijian garden: select the sandy loam soil that soil layer is deep, deep ploughing 25cm, before deep ploughing, every mu is preferably spread fertilizer over the fields quick lime 40kg, to improve soil physical and chemical property and to eliminate soil disease pest residuum, then it is added thereto to poultry manure 100kg, carbamide 50kg, Punica granatum L. corium farinosum 10kg, attapulgite 40kg, bamboo charcoal powder 30kg and modified agricultural crop straw 90kg;

(3) plantation: the seedling chosen is transplanted in ground, line-spacing 4m during plantation, spacing in the rows 3m, can plant 210 strains for every mu;

(4) rich water quality management: water in time, duty is topdressed as carbamide 120kg, liquid dung 60kg, rapeseed cake powder 40kg, zeolite powder 80kg, zinc sulphate heptahydrate 10kg, phosphate fertilizer 30kg and potash fertilizer 25kg;

(5) paving reflective membrane: plastic film mulch time, bagging orchard is typically in extracing fruit bag and carries out after 3 days, and the orchard of non-bagging should carry out for 30 days before gathering; Plastic film mulch method, is layered on tree crown both sides along tree row, and the outside of reflective membrane is neat with the outer rim of tree crown; During laying, the reflective membrane of rolling is put in the one end in orchard, then backs up and film is slowly rolled expansion, expansion limit, limit stone, fragment of brick or rope press mold, it is possible to the tree rod of support branch is lifted and is pressed on film; Press mold should not use soil, in case being made dirty by reflective surface affect reflecting effect; It should be noted that film is not punctured during press mold; Management after plastic film mulch: running check after plastic film mulch, should again flatten the film swept by wind in time when running into blowing and raining, the earth on film, fallen leaves and hydrops be cleaned up, it is ensured that result of use;

(6) prevention and elimination of disease and pests: the Major Diseases of harm apple tree has early defoliation disease, brown spot, red spider, smaller apple leafrol-ler etc.; The key agents of prevention and elimination of disease and pests has 50% carbendazim or the preventing and treating of 800 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate methyl, it is also possible to 1: (2): 240 times Bordeaux mixture preventing and treatings or 20% demodicid mite is extremely clean or 10% gram of full clean 2000 times of liquid of victory etc.;

(7) timely collecting.

Embodiment 2:

(2) Zheng Dijian garden: select the sandy loam soil that soil layer is deep, deep ploughing 30cm, before deep ploughing, every mu is preferably spread fertilizer over the fields quick lime 55kg, to improve soil physical and chemical property and to eliminate soil disease pest residuum, then it is added thereto to poultry manure 150kg, carbamide 65kg, Punica granatum L. corium farinosum 20kg, attapulgite 60kg, bamboo charcoal powder 40kg and modified agricultural crop straw 95kg;

(3) plantation: the seedling chosen is transplanted in ground, line-spacing 4.5m during plantation, spacing in the rows 3.5m, can plant 280 strains for every mu;

(4) rich water quality management: water in time, duty is topdressed as carbamide 135kg, liquid dung 65kg, rapeseed cake powder 42kg, zeolite powder 85kg, zinc sulphate heptahydrate 11kg, phosphate fertilizer 35kg and potash fertilizer 23kg;

(5) paving reflective membrane: plastic film mulch time, bagging orchard is typically in extracing fruit bag and carries out after 4 days, and the orchard of non-bagging should carry out for 35 days before gathering; Plastic film mulch method, is layered on tree crown both sides along tree row, and the outside of reflective membrane is neat with the outer rim of tree crown; During laying, the reflective membrane of rolling is put in the one end in orchard, then backs up and film is slowly rolled expansion, expansion limit, limit stone, fragment of brick or rope press mold, it is possible to the tree rod of support branch is lifted and is pressed on film; Press mold should not use soil, in case being made dirty by reflective surface affect reflecting effect; It should be noted that film is not punctured during press mold; Management after plastic film mulch: running check after plastic film mulch, should again flatten the film swept by wind in time when running into blowing and raining, the earth on film, fallen leaves and hydrops be cleaned up, it is ensured that result of use;

(6) prevention and elimination of disease and pests: the Major Diseases of harm apple tree has early defoliation disease, brown spot, red spider, smaller apple leafrol-ler etc.; The key agents of prevention and elimination of disease and pests has 50% carbendazim or the preventing and treating of 900 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate methyl, it is also possible to 1: (2.5): 240 times Bordeaux mixture preventing and treatings or 20% demodicid mite is extremely clean or 10% gram of full clean 2500 times of liquid of victory etc.;

(7) timely collecting.

Embodiment 3:

(2) Zheng Dijian garden: select the sandy loam soil that soil layer is deep, deep ploughing 35cm, before deep ploughing, every mu is preferably spread fertilizer over the fields quick lime 80kg, to improve soil physical and chemical property and to eliminate soil disease pest residuum, then it is added thereto to poultry manure 200kg, carbamide 80kg, Punica granatum L. corium farinosum 30kg, attapulgite 80kg, bamboo charcoal powder 50kg and modified agricultural crop straw 100kg;

(3) plantation: plantation: be transplanted in ground by the seedling chosen, line-spacing 5m during plantation, spacing in the rows 4m, can plant 330 strains for every mu;

(4) rich water quality management: water in time, duty is topdressed as carbamide 150kg, liquid dung 70kg, rapeseed cake powder 45kg, zeolite powder 90kg, zinc sulphate heptahydrate 12kg, phosphate fertilizer 40kg and potash fertilizer 30kg;

(5) paving reflective membrane: plastic film mulch time, bagging orchard is typically in extracing fruit bag and carries out after 5 days, and the orchard of non-bagging should carry out for 40 days before gathering; Plastic film mulch method, is layered on tree crown both sides along tree row, and the outside of reflective membrane is neat with the outer rim of tree crown; During laying, the reflective membrane of rolling is put in the one end in orchard, then backs up and film is slowly rolled expansion, expansion limit, limit stone, fragment of brick or rope press mold, it is possible to the tree rod of support branch is lifted and is pressed on film; Press mold should not use soil, in case being made dirty by reflective surface affect reflecting effect; It should be noted that film is not punctured during press mold; Management after plastic film mulch: running check after plastic film mulch, should again flatten the film swept by wind in time when running into blowing and raining, the earth on film, fallen leaves and hydrops be cleaned up, it is ensured that result of use;

(6) prevention and elimination of disease and pests: the Major Diseases of harm apple tree has early defoliation disease, brown spot, red spider, smaller apple leafrol-ler etc.; The key agents of prevention and elimination of disease and pests has 50% carbendazim or the preventing and treating of 1000 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate methyl, it is also possible to 1: (3): 240 times Bordeaux mixture preventing and treatings or 20% demodicid mite is extremely clean or 10% gram of full clean 3000 times of liquid of victory etc.;

(7) timely collecting.

Plant through embodiment 1��3 when, yield during results be respectively every mu such as following table:

Claims

1. the implantation methods of an apple tree, it is characterised in that specifically include following steps:

(4) rich water quality management: water in time, duty is topdressed;

(7) timely collecting.

2. the implantation methods of a kind of apple tree according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the poultry manure described in described step (2) be swine excrement, chicken and duck feces, cattle manure just in a kind of feces or several feces.

3. the implantation methods of a kind of apple tree according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the preparation method of the modified agricultural crop straw described in described step (2) is as follows:

4. the implantation methods of a kind of apple tree according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, topdressing as entering carbamide 120-150kg, liquid dung 60-70kg, rapeseed cake powder 40-45kg, zeolite powder 80-90kg, zinc sulphate heptahydrate 10-12kg, phosphate fertilizer 30-40kg and potash fertilizer 25-30kg described in described step (4).