CN105609302B - 一种制备钕铁硼永磁磁环的方法 - Google Patents

一种制备钕铁硼永磁磁环的方法 Download PDF

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CN105609302B
CN105609302B CN201610012384.8A CN201610012384A CN105609302B CN 105609302 B CN105609302 B CN 105609302B CN 201610012384 A CN201610012384 A CN 201610012384A CN 105609302 B CN105609302 B CN 105609302B
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magnet ring
amorphous
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潘晶
刘新才
董鸣月
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Baotou INST Magnetic New Material Co Ltd
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Ningbo University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
    • H01F41/0266—Moulding; Pressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/06—Vacuum casting, i.e. making use of vacuum to fill the mould
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
    • H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
    • H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
    • H01F1/0576—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together pressed, e.g. hot working

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)

Abstract

一种制备钕铁硼永磁磁环的方法，属于稀土永磁材料加工技术领域。先将钕铁硼熔炼，通过循环冷却过热结合熔融玻璃净化法、磁悬浮熔炼结合循环冷却过热法中至少一种方法使合金熔体获得稳定深过冷度，熔化熔炼吸铸成非晶管坯料，然后以一定应变速率压制成非晶环，最后晶化处理得到钕铁硼永磁磁环。与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下的显著优越性：相对钕铁硼粘结磁环，本发明制备的钕铁硼永磁磁环不含高分子材料，不仅可以在常温到70℃长期使用结构不易失效，而且可以在高于70℃使用；相对热压热变形钕铁硼磁环，本发明制备的钕铁硼永磁磁环不同位置取样的矫顽力不均匀性小于5％，磁性均匀性大幅度改善，具有显著的优越性。

Description

一种制备钕铁硼永磁磁环的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及永磁材料加工技术领域，是一种制备钕铁硼永磁磁环的方法。
背景技术
永磁磁环在小型微电机上具有重要和大量的应用需求，如在伺服电机。但现有制备永磁磁环的方法主要为粘结钕铁硼磁粉的方法，也就是先熔炼钕铁硼合金，然后将钕铁硼合金锭重熔快淬，对快淬薄带先破碎，再过筛，之后将晶化的纳米晶钕铁硼磁粉与高分子粘结剂、抗氧化剂、偶联剂、润滑剂、脱模剂混合，接着造粒；造粒之后有两种成型工序任选一种：压制、注射；之后对成型磁环进行后续处理工序，最后充磁。但粘结磁环最大的问题是因含有高分子材料而导致使用温度不高，即使长期在40℃～70℃工作，高分子材料易老化导致永磁磁环结构失效；难以满足高于70℃的温度环境的使用要求。如何创新永磁磁环的制造方法满足微型电机工程上重要和大量应用需求？这一难题存在了二十多年。
采用热压热变形钕铁硼磁环的工艺，虽然能制备出没有高分子材料的永磁磁环，但变形后磁环磁性不均匀，磁环不同位置取样所测矫顽力不均匀性达到59％～68％。
能否发明一种没有高分子材料、磁性均匀的钕铁硼永磁磁环的制备方法？
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术制备的钕铁硼粘结永磁磁环存在的问题，因含有高分子材料易老化失效导致钕铁硼粘结永磁磁环不能在40℃～70℃长期工作，无法满足高于70℃的温度环境使用的要求，本发明的目的是针对现有技术制备的热变形钕铁硼磁环的磁性不均匀性太大，难以满足电机工程对磁性均匀性的使用要求，发明一种方法使得制备的钕铁硼永磁磁环不含高分子材料，而且磁环的磁性均匀性大幅度改善。
本发明一种制备钕铁硼永磁磁环的方法，配制并熔炼钕铁硼铸锭，通过循环冷却过热结合熔融玻璃净化法、磁悬浮熔炼结合循环冷却过热法中至少一种方法使合金熔体获得稳定深过冷度，钕铁硼铸锭熔炼保温温度为1300℃～1700℃，其特征是：1)先真空10-3Pa～10-2Pa再充氩，钕铁硼铸锭加热到熔炼温度保温30秒～120秒，然后立即采用金属模吸铸成钕铁硼非晶管；2)据永磁磁环体积计算所需非晶管坯的尺寸，将按计算下料的非晶吸铸管坯放入模具中，先真空10-3Pa～10-2Pa再充氩，然后加热并在等于大于560℃小于673℃的温度范围保温30秒～240秒，接着以8X10-4/s～5X10-2/s变形速率热压成非晶磁环，然后退模；3)在等于大于673℃小于785℃的温度范围内将非晶磁环保温1分～10分，得到永磁磁环。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下的显著优越性：
相对钕铁硼粘结磁环，本发明制备的钕铁硼永磁磁环不含高分子材料，100％为钕铁硼金属材料，不仅可以在常温到70℃长期使用结构不易失效，而且可以在高于70℃使用，具有显著的优越性。
相对热压热变形钕铁硼磁环，本发明制备的钕铁硼永磁磁环不同位置取样的矫顽力不均匀性小于5％，本发明所制备磁环的磁性均匀性大幅度改善，具有显著的优越性。
具体实施方式
实施例1
钕铁硼成分为Nd9Fe73Ti4C2B12先配制合金，先真空10-3Pa～10-2Pa再充氩，然后通过磁悬浮熔炼结合循环冷却过热法使合金熔体获得稳定深过冷度，钕铁硼铸锭熔炼保温温度为1300℃，保温30秒，然后立即采用金属模吸铸成钕铁硼非晶管，管壁0.5mm厚；据永磁磁环体积计算所需非晶管坯的尺寸，将按计算下料的非晶吸铸管坯放入模具中，先真空10-3Pa～10-2Pa再充氩，然后加热并在560℃保温240秒，接着以8X10-4/s变形速率热压成非晶磁环，然后退模；在673℃将非晶磁环保温10分，得到永磁磁环，磁环尺寸为外径12mm，内径11mm，高3mm；磁环不同位置取样采用振动样品磁强计测量，矫顽力不均匀性为4.8％；磁环使用温度75℃。
实施例2
(Nd0.75Pr0.25)9Fe70Ti3Nb3C2B13配制并熔炼钕铁硼铸锭，先真空10-3Pa～10-2Pa再充氩，通过循环冷却过热结合熔融玻璃净化法使合金熔体获得稳定深过冷度，钕铁硼铸锭熔炼保温温度为1700℃，保温30秒，然后立即采用金属模吸铸成钕铁硼非晶管，管壁厚1.1mm；据永磁磁环体积计算所需非晶管坯的尺寸，将按计算下料的非晶吸铸管坯放入模具中，先真空10-3Pa～10-2Pa再充氩，然后加热并在672℃的温度范围保温30秒，接着以5X10-2/s变形速率热压成非晶磁环，然后退模；在784℃将非晶磁环保温1分，得到永磁磁环，磁环尺寸为外径10mm，内径9mm，高5mm；磁环不同位置取样采用振动样品磁强计测量，矫顽力不均匀性为4.5％；磁环使用温度80℃。

Claims (1)

1.一种制备钕铁硼永磁磁环的方法，配制并熔炼钕铁硼铸锭，通过循环冷却过热结合熔融玻璃净化法、磁悬浮熔炼结合循环冷却过热法中至少一种方法使合金熔体获得稳定深过冷度，钕铁硼铸锭熔炼保温温度为1300℃～1700℃，其特征是：
1)先真空10-3Pa～10-2Pa再充氩，钕铁硼铸锭加热到熔炼温度保温30秒～120秒，然后立即采用金属模吸铸成钕铁硼非晶管；
2)据永磁磁环体积计算所需非晶管坯的尺寸，将按计算下料的非晶吸铸管坯放入模具中，先真空10-3Pa～10-2Pa再充氩，然后加热并在等于大于560℃小于673℃的温度范围保温30秒～240秒，接着以8X10-4/s～5X10-2/s变形速率压制成非晶磁环，然后退模；
3)在等于大于673℃小于785℃的温度范围内将非晶磁环保温1分～10分，得到永磁磁环。
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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5734310A (en) * 1980-08-08 1982-02-24 Seiko Epson Corp Manufacture of permanent magnet
JPH08127080A (ja) * 1994-11-02 1996-05-21 Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd 中空マグネットロールの製造装置及びそれを用いた中空マグネットロールの製造方法
CN101844219A (zh) * 2010-04-22 2010-09-29 宁波大学 一种块体纳米复合R-Fe-B-M永磁材料的制备方法
CN101886233A (zh) * 2010-06-29 2010-11-17 上海大学 具有硬磁性的Fe基块体合金及其制备方法
CN102534434A (zh) * 2012-01-17 2012-07-04 合肥工业大学 一种铈基非晶合金及其制备方法

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5734310A (en) * 1980-08-08 1982-02-24 Seiko Epson Corp Manufacture of permanent magnet
JPH08127080A (ja) * 1994-11-02 1996-05-21 Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd 中空マグネットロールの製造装置及びそれを用いた中空マグネットロールの製造方法
CN101844219A (zh) * 2010-04-22 2010-09-29 宁波大学 一种块体纳米复合R-Fe-B-M永磁材料的制备方法
CN101886233A (zh) * 2010-06-29 2010-11-17 上海大学 具有硬磁性的Fe基块体合金及其制备方法
CN102534434A (zh) * 2012-01-17 2012-07-04 合肥工业大学 一种铈基非晶合金及其制备方法

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