CN105579575A - 用于治疗代谢失调的组合物和方法 - Google Patents
用于治疗代谢失调的组合物和方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105579575A CN105579575A CN201480044899.5A CN201480044899A CN105579575A CN 105579575 A CN105579575 A CN 105579575A CN 201480044899 A CN201480044899 A CN 201480044899A CN 105579575 A CN105579575 A CN 105579575A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- metabolic disorder
- receptor agonist
- sumn
- key symptoms
- antagonist
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- 208000030159 metabolic disease Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title abstract description 19
- 230000001537 neural effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 claims description 90
- VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dopamine Chemical compound NCCC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 65
- CTENFNNZBMHDDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dopamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.NCCC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 CTENFNNZBMHDDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000003706 n methyl dextro aspartic acid receptor stimulating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000000774 AMPA receptor agonist Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 229940124118 AMPA receptor agonist Drugs 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 40
- BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-aminobutyric acid Chemical compound NCCCC(O)=O BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229960003692 gamma aminobutyric acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 39
- 229960003638 dopamine Drugs 0.000 claims description 31
- 102000003678 AMPA Receptors Human genes 0.000 claims description 28
- 108090000078 AMPA Receptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 28
- 206010018429 Glucose tolerance impaired Diseases 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000033764 rhythmic process Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 208000008589 Obesity Diseases 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000020824 obesity Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 210000001218 blood-brain barrier Anatomy 0.000 claims description 17
- 102000004980 Dopamine D2 Receptors Human genes 0.000 claims description 16
- 108090001111 Dopamine D2 Receptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 16
- 210000005064 dopaminergic neuron Anatomy 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000003371 gabaergic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 201000009104 prediabetes syndrome Diseases 0.000 claims description 13
- 208000001280 Prediabetic State Diseases 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000037023 motor activity Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 208000024172 Cardiovascular disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 102000005962 receptors Human genes 0.000 claims description 10
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000556 agonist Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002618 waking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 102000004868 N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 108090001041 N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940044551 receptor antagonist Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002464 receptor antagonist Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000000221 suprachiasmatic nucleus Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N insulin Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)CN)C(C)CC)CSSCC(C(NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CCC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CSSCC(NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2NC=NC=2)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)CNC2=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)N3C(CCC3)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(C)C(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)CC)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C1CSSCC2NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(C)C)CC1=CN=CN1 NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 54
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 45
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 32
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 32
- 102000004877 Insulin Human genes 0.000 description 29
- 108090001061 Insulin Proteins 0.000 description 29
- 229940125396 insulin Drugs 0.000 description 27
- UUDAMDVQRQNNHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (S)-AMPA Chemical compound CC=1ONC(=O)C=1CC(N)C(O)=O UUDAMDVQRQNNHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 26
- 210000002569 neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 25
- 235000009200 high fat diet Nutrition 0.000 description 24
- -1 heterocyclic sulfonamide Chemical class 0.000 description 23
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 21
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 18
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 18
- 208000002705 Glucose Intolerance Diseases 0.000 description 17
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 17
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 16
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 15
- ZJQHPWUVQPJPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N muscimol Chemical compound NCC1=CC(=O)NO1 ZJQHPWUVQPJPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 108010071563 Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 102000007568 Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos Human genes 0.000 description 10
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- RPXVIAFEQBNEAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(=O)NC2=C1C=C([N+](=O)[O-])C(C#N)=C2 RPXVIAFEQBNEAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 108091000117 Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 102000048218 Tyrosine 3-monooxygenases Human genes 0.000 description 9
- DVGHHMFBFOTGLM-UHFFFAOYSA-L fluorogold Chemical compound F[Au][Au]F DVGHHMFBFOTGLM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- 238000007446 glucose tolerance test Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 8
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 8
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 206010020772 Hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 208000011580 syndromic disease Diseases 0.000 description 6
- CFFZDZCDUFSOFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-Dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 CFFZDZCDUFSOFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- DUUGKQCEGZLZNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid Chemical compound C1=C(O)C=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 DUUGKQCEGZLZNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 206010022489 Insulin Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000378 dietary effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 238000011125 single therapy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000006211 transdermal dosage form Substances 0.000 description 5
- 208000001072 type 2 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 229940098747 AMPA receptor antagonist Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000000775 AMPA receptor antagonist Substances 0.000 description 4
- YJWBWQWUHVXPNC-AWEZNQCLSA-N Dicentrine Chemical compound CN([C@H]1CC=2C=C(C(=CC=2C2=C11)OC)OC)CCC1=CC1=C2OCO1 YJWBWQWUHVXPNC-AWEZNQCLSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 208000031226 Hyperlipidaemia Diseases 0.000 description 4
- GMZVRMREEHBGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piracetam Chemical compound NC(=O)CN1CCCC1=O GMZVRMREEHBGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000007658 benzothiadiazines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- MOLPUWBMSBJXER-YDGSQGCISA-N bilobalide Chemical compound O([C@H]1OC2=O)C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@]11[C@@](C(C)(C)C)(O)C[C@H]3[C@@]21CC(=O)O3 MOLPUWBMSBJXER-YDGSQGCISA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- BOCUKUHCLICSIY-QJWLJZLASA-N cyclothiazide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(S(N2)(=O)=O)=C1NC2C1[C@H](C=C2)C[C@H]2C1 BOCUKUHCLICSIY-QJWLJZLASA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229960003176 cyclothiazide Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000000586 desensitisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000001596 intra-abdominal fat Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 102000018899 Glutamate Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010027915 Glutamate Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 3
- HOKKHZGPKSLGJE-GSVOUGTGSA-N N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C(O)=O)CC(O)=O HOKKHZGPKSLGJE-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940095474 NMDA agonist Drugs 0.000 description 3
- YJWBWQWUHVXPNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-methyl-phanostenine Natural products C12=C3C=4C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=4CC2N(C)CCC1=CC1=C3OCO1 YJWBWQWUHVXPNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002224 dissection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003291 dopaminomimetic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920000591 gum Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 210000003016 hypothalamus Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002502 liposome Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001690 micro-dialysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000955 neuroendocrine Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 210000002963 paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000007911 parenteral administration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- IRJCBFDCFXCWGO-BYPYZUCNSA-N (2s)-2-amino-2-(3-oxo-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)C1=CC(=O)NO1 IRJCBFDCFXCWGO-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UUDAMDVQRQNNHZ-YFKPBYRVSA-N (2s)-2-amino-3-(5-methyl-3-oxo-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound CC=1ON=C(O)C=1C[C@H](N)C(O)=O UUDAMDVQRQNNHZ-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HKJKCPKPSSVUHY-GRTNUQQKSA-M (6r)-6-[(5s)-6,6-dimethyl-7,8-dihydro-5h-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinolin-6-ium-5-yl]-6h-furo[3,4-g][1,3]benzodioxol-8-one;iodide Chemical compound [I-].O([C@H]1[C@@H]2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3CC[N+]2(C)C)C(=O)C2=C1C=CC1=C2OCO1 HKJKCPKPSSVUHY-GRTNUQQKSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000003483 4 aminobutyric acid A receptor stimulating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000215068 Acacia senegal Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000006491 Acacia senegal Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 206010003210 Arteriosclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000416162 Astragalus gummifer Species 0.000 description 2
- 208000006096 Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000036864 Attention deficit/hyperactivity disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- ANDGGVOPIJEHOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N CX-516 Chemical compound C=1C=C2N=CC=NC2=CC=1C(=O)N1CCCCC1 ANDGGVOPIJEHOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000699800 Cricetinae Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-OH-Asp Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-UWTATZPHSA-N D-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-UWTATZPHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010048554 Endothelial dysfunction Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZNWJKOJJZQDPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Eximin Natural products O1C(OC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(O)C(O)C(O)C1COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZNWJKOJJZQDPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000005915 GABA Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010005551 GABA Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010060378 Hyperinsulinaemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010020710 Hyperphagia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- IRJCBFDCFXCWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ibotenic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)C1=CC(=O)NO1 IRJCBFDCFXCWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CWRVKFFCRWGWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentrazole Chemical compound C1CCCCC2=NN=NN21 CWRVKFFCRWGWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010034972 Photosensitivity reaction Diseases 0.000 description 2
- PIMZUZSSNYHVCU-OMKDEKJRSA-N Picrotoxinin Natural products O=C1O[C@@H]2[C@@H](C(=C)C)[C@H]1[C@@]1(O)[C@@]3(C)[C@@H]2OC(=O)[C@@]23O[C@H]2C1 PIMZUZSSNYHVCU-OMKDEKJRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000001647 Renal Insufficiency Diseases 0.000 description 2
- ACVGNKYJVGNLIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N SR95531 Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C1=NN(CCCC(O)=O)C(=N)C=C1 ACVGNKYJVGNLIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001615 Tragacanth Polymers 0.000 description 2
- DRTQHJPVMGBUCF-XVFCMESISA-N Uridine Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C=C1 DRTQHJPVMGBUCF-XVFCMESISA-N 0.000 description 2
- USMNOWBWPHYOEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-thujone Natural products CC1C(=O)CC2(C(C)C)C1C2 USMNOWBWPHYOEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000011775 arteriosclerosis disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005605 benzo group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000027288 circadian rhythm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I dipotassium trisodium dihydrogen phosphate hydrogen phosphate dichloride Chemical compound P(=O)(O)(O)[O-].[K+].P(=O)(O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Cl-].[K+].[Cl-].[Na+] LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 2
- 239000002934 diuretic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001882 diuretic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008694 endothelial dysfunction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 208000010706 fatty liver disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960003883 furosemide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 201000001421 hyperglycemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000003451 hyperinsulinaemic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000008980 hyperinsulinism Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000020346 hyperlipoproteinemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000003364 immunohistochemistry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940090044 injection Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007918 intramuscular administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008274 jelly Substances 0.000 description 2
- 201000006370 kidney failure Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003442 median eminence Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000520 microinjection Methods 0.000 description 2
- LCNBIHVSOPXFMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-(3-aminopropyl)butane-1,4-diamine;hydron;trichloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.Cl.NCCCCNCCCN LCNBIHVSOPXFMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006186 oral dosage form Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000000496 pancreas Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- VSGNGLJPOGUDON-UHFFFAOYSA-N phaclofen Chemical compound OP(=O)(O)CC(CN)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 VSGNGLJPOGUDON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002953 phosphate buffered saline Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036211 photosensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- PIMZUZSSNYHVCU-YKWPQBAZSA-N picrotoxinin Chemical compound O=C([C@@]12O[C@@H]1C[C@]1(O)[C@@]32C)O[C@@H]3[C@H]2[C@@H](C(=C)C)[C@@H]1C(=O)O2 PIMZUZSSNYHVCU-YKWPQBAZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003053 piperidines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229960004526 piracetam Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- GIBQQARAXHVEGD-BSOLPCOYSA-N rapastinel Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N1[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(N)=O)CCC1 GIBQQARAXHVEGD-BSOLPCOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001020 rhythmical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 2
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N serotonin Chemical class C1=C(O)C=C2C(CCN)=CNC2=C1 QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- RNVYQYLELCKWAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N solketal Chemical compound CC1(C)OCC(CO)O1 RNVYQYLELCKWAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012747 synergistic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydropyrrole Natural products C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000010487 tragacanth Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000196 tragacanth Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940116362 tragacanth Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229950000477 triflutate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- USMNOWBWPHYOEA-MRTMQBJTSA-N α-thujone Chemical compound O=C([C@@H]1C)C[C@@]2(C(C)C)[C@@H]1C2 USMNOWBWPHYOEA-MRTMQBJTSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OGNSCSPNOLGXSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-DABA Natural products NCCC(N)C(O)=O OGNSCSPNOLGXSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930007105 (-)-alpha-thujone Natural products 0.000 description 1
- SFLSHLFXELFNJZ-QMMMGPOBSA-N (-)-norepinephrine Chemical compound NC[C@H](O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 SFLSHLFXELFNJZ-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFYNOWXBIBKGHB-FFWSUHOLSA-N (1s,3s)-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@]1(N)CC[C@H](C(O)=O)C1 YFYNOWXBIBKGHB-FFWSUHOLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MEIRRNXMZYDVDW-MQQKCMAXSA-N (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadien-1-ol Chemical compound C\C=C\C=C\CO MEIRRNXMZYDVDW-MQQKCMAXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUDAMDVQRQNNHZ-RXMQYKEDSA-N (2r)-2-amino-3-(5-methyl-3-oxo-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound CC=1ONC(=O)C=1C[C@@H](N)C(O)=O UUDAMDVQRQNNHZ-RXMQYKEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWXCECYGGMGBHD-GRTNUQQKSA-M (6r)-6-[(5s)-6,6-dimethyl-7,8-dihydro-5h-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinolin-6-ium-5-yl]-6h-furo[3,4-g][1,3]benzodioxol-8-one;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].O([C@H]1[C@@H]2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3CC[N+]2(C)C)C(=O)C2=C1C=CC1=C2OCO1 BWXCECYGGMGBHD-GRTNUQQKSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RLJKFAMYSYWMND-GRTNUQQKSA-M (6r)-6-[(5s)-6,6-dimethyl-7,8-dihydro-5h-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinolin-6-ium-5-yl]-6h-furo[3,4-g][1,3]benzodioxol-8-one;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].O([C@H]1[C@@H]2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3CC[N+]2(C)C)C(=O)C2=C1C=CC1=C2OCO1 RLJKFAMYSYWMND-GRTNUQQKSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SLLFVLKNXABYGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-benzoxadiazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2ON=NC2=C1 SLLFVLKNXABYGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AWBOSXFRPFZLOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NON=C21 AWBOSXFRPFZLOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSQVLWRLMQMLGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(hydrazinylmethyl)phenol Chemical compound NNCC1=CC=CC=C1O LSQVLWRLMQMLGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDSXCQTXUSQQFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-3-(4-chloro-3-oxo-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)CC=1ON=C(O)C=1Cl FDSXCQTXUSQQFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISPYQTSUDJAMAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1Cl ISPYQTSUDJAMAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004105 2-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([*])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- CMLFRMDBDNHMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-1,2-benzoxazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CNOC2=C1 CMLFRMDBDNHMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZQDAABHWDSEEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(1,2-dihydropyridin-2-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound N1C(C=CC=C1)CCC(=O)O JZQDAABHWDSEEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCFULPDIJOVUHP-KSSFIOAISA-N 3-[(1s)-1-[[(2s)-3-[cyclohexylmethyl(hydroxy)phosphoryl]-2-hydroxypropyl]amino]ethyl]benzoic acid Chemical compound C([C@@H](O)CN[C@@H](C)C=1C=C(C=CC=1)C(O)=O)P(O)(=O)CC1CCCCC1 JCFULPDIJOVUHP-KSSFIOAISA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBSMZVIMANOCNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-amino-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC(O)(CN)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 WBSMZVIMANOCNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONNMDRQRSGKZCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-aminopropyl(butyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CCCCP(O)(=O)CCCN ONNMDRQRSGKZCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBCBPNMITMFFKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2]oxazolo[4,5-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1NCCC2=C1C(O)=NO2 DBCBPNMITMFFKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YRSIGIYXZNQZCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2]oxazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-6-ium-7-carboxylate Chemical compound OC(=O)C1NCCC2=C1ONC2=O YRSIGIYXZNQZCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ADVPTQAUNPRNPO-REOHCLBHSA-N 3-sulfino-L-alanine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)C[S@@](O)=O ADVPTQAUNPRNPO-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003148 4 aminobutyric acid receptor blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003477 4 aminobutyric acid receptor stimulating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- MFJKNXILEXBWNQ-FQEVSTJZSA-N 4-[4-[(2r)-2-fluoro-1-(propan-2-ylsulfonylamino)propan-2-yl]phenyl]-n-methylbenzamide Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)NC)=CC=C1C1=CC=C([C@@](C)(F)CNS(=O)(=O)C(C)C)C=C1 MFJKNXILEXBWNQ-FQEVSTJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEFCQDINBPEMNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4h-1,2-benzoxazin-3-ylidenemethanone Chemical class C1=CC=C2ONC(=C=O)CC2=C1 FEFCQDINBPEMNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVABIFHEPZPSCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,5-dimethyl-1,4-dihydroimidazole Chemical compound CC1(C)CN=CN1 OVABIFHEPZPSCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLOIUFYKQCCAGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-aminopentanoic acid;hydron;chloride Chemical compound Cl.NCCCCC(O)=O BLOIUFYKQCCAGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101001006370 Actinobacillus suis Hemolysin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000144927 Aloe barbadensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002961 Aloe barbadensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000001320 Atherosclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYGYMKDQCDOMRE-QRWMCTBCSA-N Bicculine Chemical compound O([C@H]1C2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3CCN2C)C(=O)C2=C1C=CC1=C2OCO1 IYGYMKDQCDOMRE-QRWMCTBCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010007559 Cardiac failure congestive Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010008190 Cerebrovascular accident Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000819038 Chichester Species 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000002004 Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010015742 Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System Proteins 0.000 description 1
- DYDCUQKUCUHJBH-UWTATZPHSA-N D-Cycloserine Chemical compound N[C@@H]1CONC1=O DYDCUQKUCUHJBH-UWTATZPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DYDCUQKUCUHJBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-Cycloserine Natural products NC1CONC1=O DYDCUQKUCUHJBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UWTATZPHSA-N D-Cysteine Chemical compound SC[C@@H](N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UWTATZPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ASNFTDCKZKHJSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N DL-Quisqualic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CN1OC(=O)NC1=O ASNFTDCKZKHJSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010011878 Deafness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BUDQDWGNQVEFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydropyran Chemical compound C1COC=CC1 BUDQDWGNQVEFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004278 EU approved seasoning Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108090000371 Esterases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940098788 GABA receptor antagonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IAJILQKETJEXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Galacturonsaeure Natural products O=CC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O IAJILQKETJEXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010017711 Gangrene Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000016354 Glucuronosyltransferase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010092364 Glucuronosyltransferase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000011714 Glycine Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010076533 Glycine Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010019280 Heart failures Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010056997 Impaired fasting glucose Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FFFHZYDWPBMWHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N L-Homocysteine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCS FFFHZYDWPBMWHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-alanine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(O)=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N L-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFFHZYDWPBMWHY-VKHMYHEASA-N L-homocysteine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCS FFFHZYDWPBMWHY-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- VPJTXTOYMYTKIE-SCSAIBSYSA-N N[C@@H]1CCN(O)C1 Chemical compound N[C@@H]1CCN(O)C1 VPJTXTOYMYTKIE-SCSAIBSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101710138657 Neurotoxin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Octadecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000018262 Peripheral vascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002730 Poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229920000331 Polyhydroxybutyrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ASNFTDCKZKHJSW-REOHCLBHSA-N Quisqualic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CN1OC(=O)NC1=O ASNFTDCKZKHJSW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000700157 Rattus norvegicus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283984 Rodentia Species 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M Sodium oleate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000006011 Stroke Diseases 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VLSOAXRVHARBEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=C(F)C=C1CO VLSOAXRVHARBEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPDMMXDBJGCCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[Cl] Chemical compound [Na].[Cl] DPDMMXDBJGCCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IAJILQKETJEXLJ-QTBDOELSSA-N aldehydo-D-glucuronic acid Chemical compound O=C[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C(O)=O IAJILQKETJEXLJ-QTBDOELSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000005157 alkyl carboxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003281 allosteric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011399 aloe vera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ADVPTQAUNPRNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-amino-beta-sulfino-propionic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CS(O)=O ADVPTQAUNPRNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000469 amphiphilic block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003708 ampul Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000793 aniracetam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZXNRTKGTQJPIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aniracetam Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C(=O)N1C(=O)CCC1 ZXNRTKGTQJPIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003295 arcuate nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960005261 aspartic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000015802 attention deficit-hyperactivity disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005601 base polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene Substances C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002876 beta blocker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940097320 beta blocking agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DRTQHJPVMGBUCF-PSQAKQOGSA-N beta-L-uridine Natural products O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)O[C@@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C=C1 DRTQHJPVMGBUCF-PSQAKQOGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AACMFFIUYXGCOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N bicuculline Natural products CN1CCc2cc3OCOc3cc2C1C4OCc5c6OCOc6ccc45 AACMFFIUYXGCOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002988 biodegradable polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004621 biodegradable polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000005340 bisphosphate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036772 blood pressure Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium hydrogenphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000026106 cerebrovascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002060 circadian Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000019771 cognition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002648 combination therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000029078 coronary artery disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011262 co‐therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- IYGYMKDQCDOMRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N d-Bicucullin Natural products CN1CCC2=CC=3OCOC=3C=C2C1C1OC(=O)C2=C1C=CC1=C2OCO1 IYGYMKDQCDOMRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007933 dermal patch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- OBISXEJSEGNNKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dinitrogen-n-sulfide Chemical compound [N-]=[N+]=S OBISXEJSEGNNKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZVUWRFHKOJYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenhydramine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OCCN(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZZVUWRFHKOJYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006196 drop Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001198 duodenum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004064 dysfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002526 effect on cardiovascular system Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004836 empirical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037149 energy metabolism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012055 enteric layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002532 enzyme inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940125532 enzyme inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ANCBHJKEYPZCTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 5-carbamoyl-4-methyl-2-[(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzoyl)amino]thiophene-3-carboxylate Chemical compound CC1=C(C(N)=O)SC(NC(=O)C=2C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=2F)F)=C1C(=O)OCC ANCBHJKEYPZCTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002964 excitative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- OFBIFZUFASYYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N flumazenil Chemical compound C1N(C)C(=O)C2=CC(F)=CC=C2N2C=NC(C(=O)OCC)=C21 OFBIFZUFASYYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004381 flumazenil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940093181 glucose injection Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940097043 glucuronic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000848 glutamatergic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-M glutaminate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C(N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010370 hearing loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000888 hearing loss Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 208000016354 hearing loss disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000019622 heart disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQPMJFFEXJELOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N homoquinolinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CN=C1C(O)=O HQPMJFFEXJELOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001631 hypertensive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002267 hypothalamic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011532 immunohistochemical staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000001881 impotence Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002757 inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011221 initial treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000031891 intestinal absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037356 lipid metabolism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005229 liver cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003908 liver function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001708 magnesium carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002617 middle hypothalamus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000214 mouth Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004400 mucous membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940078555 myristyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KIQBVKPQYARZTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enamide Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=O)C=C KIQBVKPQYARZTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001206 natural gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002581 neurotoxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000618 neurotoxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- YCWSUKQGVSGXJO-NTUHNPAUSA-N nifuroxazide Chemical group C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(=O)N\N=C\C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)O1 YCWSUKQGVSGXJO-NTUHNPAUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001777 nootropic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002748 norepinephrine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SFLSHLFXELFNJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N norepinephrine Natural products NCC(O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 SFLSHLFXELFNJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002674 ointment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940127240 opiate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DIVDFFZHCJEHGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidopamine Chemical compound NCCC1=CC(O)=C(O)C=C1O DIVDFFZHCJEHGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001312 palmitoyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003182 parenteral nutrition solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001575 pathological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007170 pathology Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010412 perfusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N perisophthalic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008177 pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WTJKGGKOPKCXLL-RRHRGVEJSA-N phosphatidylcholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC WTJKGGKOPKCXLL-RRHRGVEJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTMHPRAIXMAOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoramidic acid Chemical class NP(O)(O)=O PTMHPRAIXMAOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005015 poly(hydroxybutyrate) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940093916 potassium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003518 presynaptic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- SJMCLWCCNYAWRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-2-sulfonamide Chemical compound CC(C)S(N)(=O)=O SJMCLWCCNYAWRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000022558 protein metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004040 pyrrolidinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003252 quinoxalines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000000664 rectum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009666 routine test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000000980 schizophrenia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008159 sesame oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011803 sesame oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007892 solid unit dosage form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012453 sprague-dawley rat model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000225 synapse Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009782 synaptic response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YRZGMTHQPGNLEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecyl propionate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CC YRZGMTHQPGNLEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003451 thiazide diuretic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930007110 thujone Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229940098465 tincture Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940100640 transdermal system Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DRTQHJPVMGBUCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N uracil arabinoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(CO)OC1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C=C1 DRTQHJPVMGBUCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940045145 uridine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/498—Pyrazines or piperazines ortho- and peri-condensed with carbocyclic ring systems, e.g. quinoxaline, phenazine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
- A61K31/197—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or pantothenic acid
- A61K31/198—Alpha-amino acids, e.g. alanine or edetic acid [EDTA]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/42—Oxazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
- A61P5/48—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the pancreatic hormones
- A61P5/50—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the pancreatic hormones for increasing or potentiating the activity of insulin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Diabetes (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Endocrinology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Obesity (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Steroid Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本申请公开了对于例如治疗代谢紊乱有用的、用于调节脑中神经元活性的方法和组合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于治疗代谢失调的方法和组合物。
背景技术
诸如糖尿病和肥胖症、以及代谢综合征、心血管疾病和糖尿病前期等代谢失调影响全球数百万的人群。糖尿病,作为最隐伏的主要疾病之一,可突然发作或多年未能确诊,并且攻击血管和神经。糖尿病患者,作为群体而言,更经常患有失明、心脏病、中风、肾病、听觉损失、坏疽和阳萎。在美国,全部就诊的三分之一是由糖尿病及其并发症引起的。美国和其他国家中糖尿病及其并发症是死亡的主要原因。
肥胖症或脂肪沉积过量通常与明显的(frank)糖尿病发病之前的对胰岛素的细胞耐受的增强相关。在糖尿病发病之前,肥胖个体的胰腺受到负担而产生额外的胰岛素;但最终可能在明显的2型糖尿病发病之前的数年内,胰岛素生产率下降并导致糖尿病。
高脂肪饮食诱导的代谢失调是与多重脑系统的机能不良、特别是昼夜节律性(circadianrhythmicity)改变和唤醒/奖赏调节的功能紊乱相关的复杂疾病。有证据表明,生理节奏和唤醒/奖赏系统彼此相互作用。主生物钟,即下丘脑的视交叉上核(suprachiasmaticnucleus,SCN),使进食/奖赏和代谢过程同步。Rutter等人,2002;Kennaway等人,2007;和Hastings,2007。激励状态(motivationalstate)、欣快信号(hedonicsignals)和代谢提示可重置SCN计时。MendozaJ,2008,2010;Kohsaka等人,2007;和Lavialle等人,2008。在啮齿动物中,在运动活动开始时,SCN的多巴胺日峰值丧失与胰岛素耐受性/葡萄糖耐受不良和肥胖症相关。6-OHDA神经毒素损害引起的SCN的多巴胺的减少诱导葡萄糖耐受不良和肥胖症。Luo,1997,Neuroreport,8:3495。
如本说明书中所记载的,本发明人已发现用AMPA、GABAA拮抗剂、NMDA受体激动剂或穿过血脑屏障的多巴胺类似物活化SuMN神经元改善了代谢障碍,并且从乳头体上核(supramammillarynucleus,SuMN)至SCN的多巴胺能投射通路(dopaminergicprojections)的活化有助于昼夜节律系统来调节代谢和能量平衡,并且在肥胖的胰岛素耐受的动物中用AMPA、GABAA拮抗剂、NMDA受体激动剂或穿过血脑屏障的多巴胺类似物刺激SuMN神经元降低了肥胖症、胰岛素耐受、葡萄糖耐受不良和代谢综合征。这些结果证实SuMN是治疗代谢失调或其关键症状(keyelement)的治疗靶点。
发明内容
一方面,本发明提供通过施用增加SuM神经元的激发率(firingrate)的药剂来治疗代谢失调或其关键症状的方法,所述药剂包括从患有代谢失调或其关键症状的受试者的乳头体上核(SuMN)中的多巴胺能神经元释放多巴胺的药剂。
在另一方面,本发明提供通过向患有代谢失调或其关键症状的受试者施用增加多巴胺从受试者的SuMN中的多巴胺能神经元的释放并投射至患者的SCN的药剂来治疗代谢失调或其关键症状的方法。
在另一方面,本发明提供通过将AMPA受体激动剂向患有代谢失调或其关键症状的患者施用来治疗代谢失调或其关键症状的方法。
在另一方面,本发明提供通过将GABAA拮抗剂向患有代谢失调或其关键症状的患者施用来治疗代谢失调或其关键症状的方法。
在另一方面,本发明提供通过将NMDA受体激动剂向患有代谢失调或其关键症状的患者施用来治疗代谢失调或其关键症状的方法。
在另一方面,本发明提供通过将穿过血脑屏障的多巴胺类似物向患有代谢失调或其关键症状的患者施用来治疗代谢失调或其关键症状的方法。
在另一方面,本发明提供通过在当多巴胺水平在健康个体中高时的时刻,将穿过血脑屏障的多巴胺类似物向患有代谢失调或其关键症状的患者施用来治疗代谢失调或其关键症状的方法。
在另一方面,本发明提供通过将多巴胺能神经元与AMPA受体激动剂、NMDA受体激动剂或GABAA拮抗剂相接触而刺激多巴胺从个体的SuMN中的多巴胺能神经元释放的方法。
在另一方面,本发明提供通过将AMPA受体激动剂、NMDA受体激动剂或GABAA拮抗剂向受试者施用来刺激多巴胺从受试者的SuMN中的多巴胺能神经元释放的方法。
在另一方面,本发明提供通过增加患有代谢失调或其关键症状的个体的SuMN神经元中AMPA受体或NMDA受体活性与GABA-能受体活性之比来治疗代谢失调或其关键症状的方法。
在另一方面,本发明提供通过向患者施用AMPA受体激动剂和/或NMDA受体激动剂加上GABAA拮抗剂来治疗代谢失调或其关键症状的方法,其中用量为共同提供治疗代谢失调或其关键症状的活性药剂的治疗有效量。
在另一方面,本发明提供通过调节患者的SuMN中多巴胺释放的异常日节律(dailyrhythm)至接近未患有代谢紊乱或其关键症状的相同物种和性别的正常个体的SuMN中多巴胺释放的正常日节律来治疗代谢失调或其关键症状的方法。
在另一方面,本发明提供通过将AMPA受体激动剂、NMDA受体激动剂、GABAA拮抗剂向患有日节律失常的个体施用而使来自SuMN中的多巴胺能神经元的多巴胺释放的日节律正常化的方法。
在另一方面,本发明提供通过将穿过血脑屏障的多巴胺类似物向患有日节律失常的个体施用而使SCN的多巴胺的昼夜节律正常化的方法。
在另一方面,本发明提供通过下述来治疗代谢失调或其关键症状的方法,将AMPA受体激动剂、GABA-能受体拮抗剂、NMDA受体激动剂或穿过血脑屏障的多巴胺类似物向患有代谢失调或其关键症状的受试者施用,从而大约在相同物种和性别的健康个体的CNS中多巴胺活性达到峰值的时刻增加CNS多巴胺活性。
在另一方面,本发明提供药物组合物,其包括AMPA受体激动剂和/或NMDA激动剂、和/或穿过血脑屏障的多巴胺类似物、和/或GABAA拮抗剂,以及药学上可接受的赋形剂。
本发明的一个或多个实施方案的细节在附图和下面的描述中阐明。通过说明书、附图和权利要求书,本发明的其他特征、目的和优点将显而易见。
附图说明
图1A-C示出阐明通过AMPA输注刺激SuMN神经元而在SCN中产生多巴胺代谢物HVA(1A)和DOPAC(1B)升高,而不是血清素代谢物5-HIAA(1C)升高的结果。
图2示出阐明SuMN中多巴胺神经元活性的昼夜节律被高脂饲养抑制的结果。
图3A-E示出阐明AMPA向SuMN的每日输注在高脂肪饮食抗性大鼠中逆转了高脂肪饮食诱导的肥胖症和胰岛素耐受的结果。
图4A-D示出阐明AMPA向SuMN中的输注减少了高脂肪饮食敏感性大鼠的葡萄糖耐受不良和胰岛素耐受的结果。*=p<0.05。
图5示出阐明GABAA激动剂/AMPA拮抗剂每日输注诱导的葡萄糖耐受不良的结果。
图6示出阐明促进SuMN昼夜多巴胺传递改善了HFD-诱导的葡萄糖耐受不良/胰岛素耐受的结果。
图7示出阐明恢复SCN昼夜多巴胺峰值改善了HFD-诱导的葡萄糖耐受不良/胰岛素耐受性的结果。
具体实施方式
如本文所述,实验结果阐明SuMN多巴胺神经元向SCN延伸投射通路并将多巴胺释放至SCN中。此外,所观察的多巴胺从SuMN神经元向SCN的释放经历昼夜节律,其中多巴胺能活性的每日峰值大约在运动活动开始时产生。本文报告的结果阐明了高脂肪饮食减少SuMN多巴胺神经元活性的每日峰值,SuMN多巴胺神经元的激活减少由高脂肪饮食诱导的代谢异常,然而相反的是,SuMN多巴胺神经元的抑制诱导代谢失调。本文所述的结果还表明,在刺激SuMN中AMPA受体活性时多巴胺从SuMN神经元的释放提高对AMPA拮抗剂的积极代谢至少起到部分作用。使用NMDA受体激动剂施加到SuMN也获得了类似的结果。
本文报道的结果的一个实际应用为,SuMN是用于治疗代谢失调或其关键症状的治疗靶标。
使用方法
本文所述的方法包括治疗包括人类在内的哺乳动物的代谢失调或其关键症状的方法。
术语“代谢失调”指与物种异常的全身葡萄糖、脂质和/或蛋白质代谢相关的失调以及由此类失调引起的病理结果。代谢失调可能与或可能不与神经内分泌递质如多巴胺的每日水平(和波动)的异常模式相关。
代谢失调的“关键症状”包括但不限于,2型糖尿病、糖尿病前期(空腹血糖受损或葡萄糖耐受受损)、代谢综合征或其指标(关键症状)(腰围增加、空腹血浆葡萄糖增加、空腹血浆甘油三酯增加、空腹高密度脂蛋白水平降低、血压增加)、胰岛素耐受、高胰岛素血症、心血管疾病(或其关键症状如动脉硬化、冠状动脉疾病、外周血管疾病、或脑血管疾病)、充血性心力衰竭、肥胖症、脂肪性肝病、血浆去甲肾上腺素升高、心血管相关的炎性因子升高、血管内皮功能紊乱、可能引起血管内皮功能紊乱的血浆因子升高、高脂蛋白血症、动脉硬化或动脉粥样硬化、摄食过量、高血糖症、高脂血症和高血压(hypertension)或血压高(highbloodpressure)、血浆餐后甘油三酯或游离脂肪酸水平增加、细胞氧化应激或其血浆指标增加、循环高凝血状态增加、包括肾衰竭和肾功能不全等的肾病。
在本发明的方法中,患有代谢失调或其关键症状的受试者通过施用增加多巴胺从乳头体上核(SuMN)中的多巴胺能神经元的释放或增加SCN中的多巴胺水平的药剂来治疗。不受理论束缚,在某些方面,药剂接触SuMN中的神经元。此外,药剂接触SuMN内的多巴胺能神经元,其中某些投射到SCN区域并将多巴胺释放至SCN中。释放至SCN的多巴胺可导致受试者SCN中的日节律更接近地类似于与受试者相同物种和性别的正常、健康个体(未罹患代谢失调或其关键症状)的日节律。
本文所述的某些方法涉及调节患有代谢失调或其关键症状的受试者的SuMN中多巴胺释放的异常日节律至接近与受试者相同物种和性别的正常个体的SuMN中多巴胺能神经元的多巴胺释放的正常日节律。此类调节通过将SuMN中多巴胺释放的日节律调节为在运动活动发生时或发生前后出现的正常峰值来完成。在昼出动物如人中,运动活动的发生通常在醒来时或醒来前后。针对调节昼出动物的SuMN中多巴胺释放的异常日节律的方法因而可通过下述完成:在预定的时间施用药剂,以使药剂对SuMN中多巴胺释放的作用大约在运动活动开始时起效。在昼出动物如人中,活性药剂的即时起效制剂可在醒来时或在醒来前后施用,例如在大约醒来的两个小时内施用。活性药剂的延迟起效制剂可例如在就寝前施用给人。
本文所述的某些方法涉及增加SuMN中AMPA受体活性与γ-氨基丁酸能受体活性之比。该比例可如增加SuMN中AMPA受体活性、降低SuMN中γ-氨基丁酸能受体活性,或同时增加SuMN中AMPA受体活性并降低SuMN中γ-氨基丁酸能受体活性两者而增加。增加SuMN中AMPA受体活性的药剂包括AMPA受体激动剂和NMDA受体激动剂。降低SuMN中γ-氨基丁酸能受体活性的药剂包括γ-氨基丁酸能受体拮抗剂,如GABAA拮抗剂。
本文所述的某些方法涉及通过将AMPA受体激动剂或NMDA受体激动剂向需要治疗代谢失调或其关键症状的受试者施用来治疗代谢失调或其关键症状的方法。
本文所述的某些方法涉及通过将AMPA受体激动剂或NMDA受体激动剂向需要治疗代谢失调或其关键症状的受试者施用来治疗代谢失调或其关键症状的方法。
本文所述的某些方法涉及通过下述来治疗代谢失调或其关键症状的方法,将AMPA受体激动剂、NMDA受体激动剂或γ-氨基丁酸能受体拮抗剂向患有代谢失调或其关键症状的受试者施用,从而大约在相同物种和性别的健康个体的CNS中多巴胺活性达到峰值的时刻增加CNS多巴胺活性。
本文所述的某些方法可在期望此类方法的受试者、个体或患者中进行。受试者、个体或患者例如可能患有需要治疗的病况。此类需要治疗的病况包括本文公开的代谢失调和其关键症状。对于本文所述方法,优选的受试者、个体或患者为人,并包括男性和女性人类。
在优选的方面,本文所述的方法包括,但不限于,治疗2型糖尿病、糖尿病前期、心血管疾病、代谢综合征或肥胖症。
本文所述的方法可以单一活性剂进行,例如作为单药治疗。可选地,本文所述的方法可以两种活性药剂的组合或超过两种活性药剂的组合来进行。优选的用于进行本文所述方法的活性药剂的组合为增加SuMN中AMPA受体活性或NMDA受体活性的药剂,和降低SuMN中γ-氨基丁酸能受体活性的药剂。此类组合的实例为包括AMPA受体激动剂和GABAA拮抗剂的组合。NMDA受体激动剂还增加多巴胺从乳头体上核中多巴胺能神经元的释放,并可与GABAA拮抗剂组合用于治疗代谢失调或此类失调的关键症状。
神经内分泌的日节律的调整
健康(正常)受试者,即未患有此类代谢失调和/或其关键症状的物种的瘦成员具有高度可预测的日常神经内分泌释放全貌。如本文所公开的,从SuMN神经元到SCN的多巴胺释放经历了日节律,展现出大约在运动活动发生时发生的多巴胺能活性的日峰值。代谢失调或其关键症状可通过下述来治疗:调整SuMN中多巴胺从神经元释放的异常日节律,从而使日节律在相位和幅度方面类似于、或更接近地近似于相同物种和性别的瘦的、年轻且健康的成员的正常日血浆周期节律(diurnalplasmarhythm)。SuMN中多巴胺从神经元释放的此类调整可用于治疗代谢综合征,如,例如但不限于2型糖尿病、肥胖症、胰岛素耐受、高胰岛素血症、高血糖症、高脂蛋白血症、摄食过量、糖尿病前期、代谢综合征、心血管疾病、肥胖症、胰岛素耐受(葡萄糖耐受受损)、高脂血症、脂肪性肝病等。
SuMN活性的刺激
在某些方面,本申请公开了SuMN活性的刺激。SuMN中的活性可例如通过增加(即,刺激)SuMN中多巴胺神经元的活性来刺激。至少某些SuMN多巴胺神经元延伸并释放多巴胺到SCN中。因而,SuMN活性的刺激,例如SuMN多巴胺神经元的刺激,可因此用于增加SCN中的多巴胺。
用于本公开方法的化合物
用于本文所公开的方法的化合物调整CNS神经元活性。调整CNS神经元活性的实例包括刺激SuMN中的活性或增加SCN的多巴胺的水平。
用于调整CNS神经元活性的化合物包括下列非限制性类别和实例。
AMPA受体激动剂
可用于本文所公开的方法的AMPA受体激动剂的非限制性实例包括,例如(RS)-α-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基-4-异-噁唑丙酸氢溴酸盐(“(RS)-AMPA氢溴酸盐”);(R)-α-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基-4-异-噁唑丙酸(“(R)-AMPA”);(RS)-α-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基-4-异-噁唑丙酸(“(RS)-AMPA”);(S)-α-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基-4-异-噁唑丙酸(“(S)-AMPA”);RS)-2-氨基-3-(4-氯-3-羟基--5-异噁唑基)丙酸(“Cl-HIBO”);(S)-α-氨基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-2,-4-二氧-1H-环戊并嘧啶-1-丙酸(“(S)-CPW399”);(S)-(-)-α-氨基-5-氟-3,4-二氢--2,4-二氧-1(2H)吡啶丙酸(“(S)-(-)-5-氟代尿嘧啶丙氨酸”);NPEC-笼式-(S)-AMPA(“(N)-1-(2-硝基苯基)乙基羧基-(-S)-α-1-(2-硝基苯基)乙基羧基氨基-3-羟基-5--甲基-4-异噁唑丙酸”);和(L)-(+)-α-氨基-3,5-二氧-1,2,4-噁二唑烷-2-丙酸(“L-使君子酸”)(可获自TocrisBioscience(Bristol,UK)和R&DSystemsInc.(Minneapolis,MN));(S)-2-氨基-3-(3-羟基-5-苯基异噁唑-4-基)丙酸((S)-APPA)、APPA的2-吡啶基类似物、(RS)-2-氨基-3-[3-羟基-5-(2-吡啶基)异噁唑-4-基]丙酸(2-Py-AMPA)(参见,如JohansenTN等人,Chirality1997;9(3):274-80);CIP-AS(参见,Conti,P.等人,JMedChem1999;42(20):4099-4107);5-HPCA和7-HPCA(参见,Hansen,J.等人,“AMPAreceptoragonists:structural,conformationalandstereochemicalaspects”;ExcitatoryAminoAcidReceptors:DesignofAgonistsandAntagonists;1992EllisHorwoodLimited,Chichester,WestSussex,England;p.216);N,N′-(2,2′-(1,4-亚苯基)双(乙烷-2,1-二基))二丙烷-2-磺酰胺;和AMPA活化剂(CMPA)(可获自EMDMillipore(Billerica,MA))。
AMPA受体增效剂(Potentiators)
已知AMPA受体对谷氨酸盐的迅速脱敏和失活可使用特定化合物来抑制。这些化合物的这种作用通常称为受体的“增效”。此类选择性地增效AMPA受体功能的化合物中的一种为环噻嗪。Partin等人,Neuron.Vol.11,1069-1082,1993。增效AMPA受体的化合物,如环噻嗪,通常称为安帕金(ampakines)。安帕金为使用阿尼西坦(aniracetam)作为结构前体(antecedent)而开发的药物。发现了阿尼西坦对全部动物具有益智作用,归因于其在AMPA受体处的抗失活/抗脱敏活性。安帕金结合至AMPA受体并防止或逆转AMPA受体的失活和脱敏。这些药物使AMPA-型亲离子型的谷氨酸受体电流增效。可能的两种安帕金制剂,CX546和CX717,逆转了由于鸦片制剂中毒引起的呼吸抑制(Funk,G.D.和Greer,J.J.(2006)Am.J.Respir.Crit.CareMed.174:1384-91;RenJ.等人(2009)Anesthesiology.110(6):1364-70),而CX546,可减轻Rett综合征的病理呼吸症状(Ogier,M.等人(2007)JNeurosci,27:10912-17)。
不同的一类药物,苯并噻二嗪类(benzothiadiazides),对AMPA受体也具有某些相同的药理性质。苯并噻二嗪类利尿剂为第一种用于轻微至严重高血压的单药管理的药物。与β-受体阻滞剂和血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂一起,这些利尿剂充当高血压的初步治疗选择。苯并噻二嗪类还通过变构调整来逆转AMPA受体的脱敏。然而,这并不是这些试剂在神经系统中的唯一功能。例如,环噻嗪还抑制γ-氨基丁酸A型(GABAA)和甘氨酸受体,因而减少抑制。另外,这些药物在快速兴奋性突触和抑制性突触处调节突触前释放。适用于本文所述实施方案的实施的苯并噻二嗪类化合物的非限制性实例公开于PCT国际公布WO9812185和PCT国际公布WO9942456。
已发现某些取代的2.1.3苯并噻二唑(benzoxadiazole)类化合物比之前在US2002/0055508和US2002/0099050中公开的化合物在注意力不集中的多动障碍(attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder,ADHD)、精神分裂症和认知的动物模型中显著且出乎意料地更加有效。这类新的N,N-双取代的酰胺(I)显示显著的增强AMPA介导的谷氨酸能突触响应的活性。
因此,还预期在本文使用的是AMPA受体增效剂,包括但不限于,吡咯烷酮类(如,吡拉西坦、阿尼西坦)、苯并噻嗪类(benzothiazides)(如,环噻嗪)、苄基哌啶类(如,CX-516(安帕来斯(Ampalex))、CX-546、CX-717、CX-1739);二芳基丙基磺胺类(如,LY392098、LY404187和LY503430)(见,O’Neill,M.J.等人,CurrDrugTargetsCNSNeurolDisord.2004Jun;3(3):181-94);和2-氧-1-吡咯烷乙酰胺(商品名:Breinox、Dinagen、Lucetam、Nootropil、Nootropyl、Oikamid)。
适用于本文所记载的方法的实施的AMPA受体调节剂的其它非限制性实例公开于PCT国际公布WO9402475以及相关的美国专利5,773,434;5,488,049;5,650,409;5,736,543;5,747,492;5,773,434;5,891,876;6,030,968;6,274,600;6,329,368;6,943,159;7,026,475;和美国专利公布20020055508。适用于本文所记载的方法的AMPA受体调节剂的进一步的非限制性实例包括:公开于美国专利6,174,922;6,303,816;6,358,981;6,362,230;6,500,865;6,515,026;6,552,086;PCT国际公布WO0190057、WO0190056、WO0168592、WO0196289、WO02098846、WO0006157、WO9833496、WO0006083、WO0006148、WO0006149、WO9943285、WO9833496的磺胺类衍生物;公开于WO0194306的(双)磺胺类衍生物;公开于美国专利6,525,099和PCT国际公布WO0006537的N-取代的磺胺类衍生物;公开于美国专利6,355,655和PCT国际公布WO0214294、WO0214275和WO0006159的杂环磺胺类衍生物;公开于美国专利6,358,982和PCT国际公布WO0006158的杂环基磺胺类衍生物;公开于美国专利6,387,954和PCT国际公布WO0006539烯基磺胺类衍生物;公开于PCT国际公布WO02098847环烯基磺胺类衍生物;公开于美国专利6,639,107和PCT国际公布WO0142203的环戊基环胺类衍生物;公开于PCT国际公布WO0232858的环烷基氟代磺胺类衍生物;公开于PCT国际公布WO0218329的炔属磺胺类(acetylenicsulfonamide)衍生物;公开于美国专利6,596,716和PCT国际公布WO06087169、WO06015827、WO06015828、WO06015829、WO07090840和WO07090841的2-丙烷-磺胺类化合物和衍生物;和公开于WO02089734的2-氨基苯磺胺类衍生物。
适用于本文所记载的方法的AMPA受体调节剂的进一步的非限制性实例包括:美国专利5,650,409;5,747,492;5,783,587;5,852,008;和6,274,600中公开的苯甲酰哌啶、苯甲酰衍生物和吡咯烷化合物以及相关结构;公开于美国专利5,736,543;5,962,447;5,985,871;和PCT国际公布WO9736907和WO9933469的基于苯并噁嗪环系统的化合物;公开于美国专利6,124,278和PCT国际公布WO9951240的酰基苯并噁嗪类;公开于PCT国际公布WO03045315的羰基苯并噁嗪化合物;公开于美国专利5,891,871的取代的2,3-苯二氮-4-酮类;和公开于美国专利6,110,935;6,313,115;和PCT国际公布WO9835950的苯并呋咱(benzofurazan)化合物。苯并呋咱化合物的实例包括1-(苯并呋咱-5-基羰基)-4,4-二氟哌啶和4-(苯并呋咱-5-基羰基)吗啉。公开于PCT国际公布WO0075123的取代的5-氧-5,6,7,8-四氢-4H-1-苯并吡喃类和苯并噻喃类以及相关化合物适用于用作AMPA受体调节剂。
适用于本文所记载的方法的其它AMPA受体调节剂包括公开于美国专利6,521,605和PCT国际公布WO0006176的氨基磷酸盐衍生物;公开于PCT国际公布WO0066546单氟烷基衍生物;和公开于PCT国际公布WO9944612的取代的噻唑啉类及其类似物和和公开于PCT国际公布的WO07060144的喹喔啉化合物及衍生物。实施方案的实施时适于用作AMPA受体调节剂的其它化合物包括公开于美国专利公布20060276532的2-乙氧基-4’-[3-(丙烷-2-磺酰氨基)-噻吩-2-基]-联苯-4-羧酸及其衍生物;公开于美国专利公布20070066573的吡咯和吡唑化合物及其衍生物;和公开于美国专利公布20070004709的噻二嗪化合物和衍生物;和公开于美国专利公布20040171605的苯并氮杂卓(benzoxazepine)化合物和衍生物。适用于用作AMPA受体调节剂的其它化合物公开于PCT国际公布WO9942456、WO0006156、WO0157045和美国专利6,617,351。
GABA受体激动剂
GABA受体信号传导抑制剂(如,拮抗剂和逆向激动剂(reverseagonists))的非限制性实例包括卡地阿唑(metrazol);氟马西尼;(-)-α-侧柏酮,(1S,4R)-1-异丙基-4-甲基二环[3.1.0]己-3-酮(“侧柏酮”)(Sigma-Aldrich);Gabazine;RU5135;4-(3-联苯-5-(4-哌啶基)-3-异噁唑,和白果内酯(bilobalide)(参见Johnston,G.BJPVolume169,Issue2,pages328–336,May2013);SR95531(参见,Wall,M.J.NeuropharmacologyVolume44,Issue1,January2003,Pages56–69)。可用于本文公开的方法的商购可得的GABA受体拮抗剂包括,如[R-(R*,S*)]-5-(6,8-二氢-8-氧代呋喃并[3,4-e]-1,3-苯并二噁茂-6-基)-5,6,7,8-四氢--6,6-二甲基-1,3-二噁茂并[4,5-g]异喹啉鎓碘化物“((-)-甲碘荷包牡丹碱(Bicucullinemethiodide)”);[R-(R*,S*)]-5-(6,8-二氢-8-氧代呋喃并[3,4-e]-1,3-苯并二噁茂-6-基)-5,6,7,8-四氢--6,6-二甲基-1,3-二噁茂并[4,5-g]异喹啉鎓溴化物(“(-)-甲溴荷包牡丹碱(Bicucullinemethobromide)”);[R-(R*,S*)]-5-(6,8-二氢-8-氧代呋喃并[3,4-e]-1,3-苯并二噁茂-6-基)-5,6,7,8-四氢--6,6-二甲基-1,3-二噁茂并[4,5-g]异喹啉鎓氯化物(“(-)-甲氯荷包牡丹碱(Bicucullinemethochloride)”);[R-(R*,S*)]-6-(5,6,7,8-四氢-6--甲基-1,3-二噁茂并[4,5-g]异喹啉-5-基)呋喃并[3,-4-e]-1,3-苯并二噁茂-8(6H)-酮(“(+)-荷包牡丹碱(Bicuculline)”);5-(氨磺酰基)-4-氯-2-([2-呋喃基甲基]氨基)苯甲酸(“呋塞米(Furosemide)”);4-(5-[1,1’-联苯]-3-基-1-羟基--1H-吡唑-4-基)哌啶三氟醋酸酯(“PHP501三氟醋酸酯”);木防己苦毒宁(Picrotoxinin);亚水杨基水杨基肼(Salicylidenesalicylhydrazide)(“SCS”);6,7-二氢-3-[(2-羟乙基)硫代-]-6,6-二甲基-1-(2-噻唑基)-苯并[c]噻吩-4(-5H)-酮(“TB21007”);和4,5-二氢-4,4-二甲基-咪唑并[1,-5-a]喹喔啉-3-羧酸1,1-二甲基乙基酯(“U93631”)(TocrisBioscience(Bristol,UK))。
可用于本文所公开的方法的GABA受体信号传导抑制剂(如,拮抗剂和逆向激动剂)的其它非限制性实例包括,例如CGP36742、CGP56433、CGP56999、5-氨基戊酸HCl、2-羟萨氯酚(2-hydroxysaclofen)、法克罗芬(phaclofen)、2-(3-羧丙基)-3-氨基-6-(4-甲氧基苯基)哒嗪鎓(pyridazinium)溴化物;和美国专利公布2011/0224278中记载的那些(参见,例如表1)。
任何上述专利申请的内容、特别是权利要求的治疗活性化合物和其中例示的化合物的通式在此以其整体引入于此以作参考。
NMDA受体激动剂
NMDA受体激动剂的非限制性实例包括顺式-ACPD((±)-1-氨基环戊烷-顺式-1,3-二羧酸)、D-天冬氨酸、L-天冬氨酸、L-半胱氨酸亚磺酸(Cysteinesulfinicacid)、GLYX13(Thr-Pro-Pro-Thr-NH2)、(R)-(+)-HA-996((R)-(+)3-氨基-1-羟基吡咯烷、高奎宁酸(Homoquinolinicacid)、鹅膏蕈氨酸(Ibotenicacid)、亚精胺三盐酸盐(Spermidinetrihydrochloride)、(RS)-(四唑-5-基)甘氨酸、L-高半胱氨酸、L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐、D-半胱氨酸盐酸盐、D-环丝氨酸粉末。
穿过血脑屏障的多巴胺类似物
多巴胺可通过任意已知的各种运载机理穿过血脑屏障来运输,为了实现此类结果,包括但不限于,与脂质、碳水化合物和/或蛋白质的纳米颗粒联合的多巴胺,与脂质体联合的多巴胺,和与环糊精联合的多巴胺。此外,多巴胺可作为长度不一的酯类而穿过血脑屏障来运输,之后被脑中的酯酶作用释放游离的多巴胺。
在本文记载的治疗方法中有用的穿过血脑屏障的多巴胺类似物的非限制性实例公开于美国专利6,297,226、8,697,898,8,399,513、8,324,273、8,324272、8,163,958、7,956,212、4,933,324、4,939,174、5,994,392、6,107,489、6,258,836和6,407,137。
美国专利5,472,954、5,324,718和5,017,566记载了环糊精运载多巴胺穿过血脑屏障的用途。
上述专利的所有公开内容以其整体引入本文以作参考。
适用于本发明的化合物的所谓“前药”也在本发明的范围内。因此,适用于本发明的化合物的某些衍生物,可能本身几乎或完全没有药理活性,在施用于体内或体表时可例如通过水解裂解转化为具有期望活性的化合物。此类衍生物称作“前药”。前药使用的其它信息可见于Pro-drugsasNovelDeliverySystems,Vol.14,ACSSymposiumSeries(THiguchi和WStella)和`BioreversibleCarriersinDrugDesign`,PergamonPress,1987(EBRoche编,AmericanPharmaceuticalAssociation)。
根据本发明的前药可例如通过将适用于本发明的化合物中存在的适当功能用本领域技术人员已知的作为“前部分(pro-moieties)”的某些部分替换来生产,如“DesignofProdrugs”,HBundgaard(Elsevier,1985)等中所记载的。
适用于本发明的某些化合物可本身充当用于本发明的其它化合物的前药。
在另一实施方案中,本发明提供一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物包括具有相同类型的活性的化合物、此类化合物的对映体、非对映体、N-氧化物、结晶形式、水合物、溶剂化物或药学上可接受的盐,掺混有药学上可接受的稀释剂或载体如所公开的那些。
本文所公开的化合物的代谢物为当该化合物被代谢时所形成的化合物的衍生物。术语“活性代谢物”是指当该化合物被代谢时所形成的化合物的生物活性衍生物。
术语“被代谢”是指特定物质在活体内变化的过程的总和。简言之,存在于体内的所有化合物被体内的酶操纵,从而获得能量和/或将其从体内除去。特定的酶使化合物产生特定的结构改变。例如,细胞色素P450催化多种氧化和还原反应,而二磷酸尿嘧啶核苷葡糖醛酸转移酶催化活化的葡糖醛酸分子转移到芳族醇、脂族醇、羧酸、胺和游离的巯基。代谢的进一步的信息可获自ThePharmacologicalBasisofTherapeutics,第9版,McGraw-Hill(1996),11-17页。
本文所公开的化合物的代谢物可通过化合物向宿主的施用和来自宿主的组织样品的分析,或通过将化合物与肝细胞在体外培养并分析所得化合物来鉴定。两种方法均是本领域已知的。
药物组合物
本发明提供一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物包括一种或多种化合物、或此类化合物的结晶形式、水合物、溶剂化物、活性代谢物或药学上可接受的盐,以用于本文所记载的方法。
药物组合物还可包括任选的添加剂,例如药学上可接受的载体或稀释剂、调味剂、甜味剂、防腐剂、染料、粘结剂、悬浮剂、分散剂、着色剂、崩解剂、赋形剂、稀释剂、润滑剂、吸收促进剂和杀菌剂等,稳定剂、增塑剂、食用油,或所述添加剂两种以上的任意组合。
适合的药学上可接受的载体或稀释剂包括,但不限于,乙醇、水、丙三醇、芦荟胶、尿囊素、甘油、维生素-A和E油、矿物油、磷酸盐缓冲盐水、PPG2丙酸肉豆蔻酯、碳酸镁、磷酸钾、植物油、动物油和丙酮缩甘油(solketal)。
适合的粘结剂包括,但不限于,淀粉,明胶,天然糖类如葡萄糖、蔗糖和乳糖,玉米甜味剂,天然和合成胶类如阿拉伯树胶、黄芪胶、植物胶,海藻酸钠,羧甲基纤维素,聚乙二醇和蜡等。
适合的崩解剂包括,但不限于,淀粉如玉米淀粉、甲基纤维素、琼脂、膨润土和黄原胶等。
适合的润滑剂包括,但不限于,油酸钠、硬脂酸钠、硬脂酸镁、苯甲酸钠、乙酸钠、氯化钠等。
适合的悬浮剂包括,但不限于,膨润土。
适合的分散和悬浮剂包括,但不限于,合成和天然胶类如植物胶、黄芪胶、阿拉伯树胶,藻酸盐,右旋糖酐,羧甲基纤维素钠,甲基纤维素,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和明胶。
适合的食用油包括,但不限于,棉籽油、芝麻油、椰油和花生油。
其它添加剂的实例包括,但不限于,山梨醇、滑石、硬脂酸和磷酸氢钙。
在某些实施方案中,本发明提供一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物包括AMPA受体激动剂和/或NMDA受体激动剂和/或GABAA拮抗剂,和药学上可接受的赋形剂,更优选此类组合物包括第一量的所述AMPA受体激动剂和/或NMDA受体激动剂,加上第二量的所述GABAA拮抗剂,当向需要治疗的个体施用时提供在治疗代谢失调或其关键症状中的协同作用。更优选地,此类组合物包括低于所述AMPA受体激动剂有效量的第一量的AMPA受体激动剂来治疗代谢失调或其关键症状,和/或NMDA受体激动剂用于代谢失调或其关键症状的单药治疗处理,和/或低于GABAA拮抗剂有效量的第一量的GABAA拮抗剂用于所述代谢失调或其关键症状的单药治疗处理。最优选,此类组合物包括低于AMPA受体激动剂和/或NMDA受体激动剂有效量的第一量的AMPA受体激动剂和/或NMDA受体激动剂用于代谢失调或其关键症状的单药治疗处理,和低于GABAA拮抗剂有效量的第二量的GABAA拮抗剂用于代谢失调或其关键症状的单药治疗处理。NMDA受体激动剂可用于补充或代替AMPA受体激动剂。
如本文所述,“协同作用”是指当药剂组合施用时与此类药剂单独施用时相比获得的超加作用(superadditiveeffect)。
单位剂型
药物组合物可配制为单位剂型,例如片剂、丸剂、胶囊剂、大丸剂、粉剂、颗粒剂、无菌肠胃外溶液剂、无菌肠胃外悬浮剂、无菌肠胃外乳剂、酏剂、酊剂、剂量气雾剂或剂量液态喷剂、滴剂、安瓿、自助注射器装置或栓剂。单位剂型可用于经口、肠胃外、鼻内、舌下或直肠施用,或用于通过吸入或吹入施用、透皮贴剂和冻干组合物。一般而言,可使用导致活性成分全身可利用性的任何此类成分的递送方式。优选单位剂型为口服剂型,最优选固体口服剂;因此,优选剂型为片剂、丸剂和胶囊剂。然而,也优选肠胃外制剂,即其中活性药剂实质上不经肠吸收的制剂。
固体单位剂型可通过将本发明活性药剂与如上所述的药学上可接受的载体和任何其它期望的添加剂混合来制备。混合物通常混合直至获得本发明活性药剂的均一混合物并且载体和任何其它期望的添加剂成形,即活性药剂均匀分散在整个组合物中。在此情况下,组合物可成形为干或湿颗粒。
片剂或丸剂可包覆或以其他方式制备,以便形成具有延迟和/或持续作用的单位剂型,例如控释和迟释单位剂型。例如,片剂或丸剂可包括内部剂量组分和外部剂量组分,后者呈覆盖前者的层或包膜的形式。两种组分可由用于抗胃中的崩解并使内部组分完整穿越至十二指肠或延迟释放的肠溶层分隔。
用于控制活性剂释放的生物可降解聚合物包括,但不限于,聚乳酸、聚ε-己内酯、聚羟基丁酸、聚原酸酯、聚缩醛、聚二氢吡喃、聚氰基丙烯酸酯和水凝胶的交联或两性嵌段共聚物。
对于液态剂型,活性物质或其生理上可接受的盐任选地用通常采用的物质如增溶剂、乳化剂或其它助剂来溶解、悬浮或乳化。活性组合和相应生理上可接受的盐用溶剂可包括水,生理盐溶液,或醇类如乙醇、丙二醇或丙三醇。另外,可使用糖溶液如葡萄糖或甘露糖醇溶液。所提及的各种溶剂的混合物也可用于本发明。
透皮剂型也由本发明所涉及。透皮剂型可为使用液体储库或含有药物的粘性基质系统(drug-in-adhesivematrixsystem)的扩散透皮系统(透皮贴剂)。其它透皮剂型包括,但不限于,局部用凝胶剂、乳液、软膏剂、经粘膜系统和装置、和离子导入(iontophoretic)(电扩散)递送系统。透皮剂型可用于本发明活性药剂的迟释和缓释。
本发明的用于肠胃外施用、特别是通过注射施用的药物组合物和单位剂型典型地包括如上所述的药学上可接受的载体。优选的液体载体为植物油。注射可为例如静脉内、硬膜外、鞘内、肌内、管腔内、气管内或皮下。
活性剂也可以脂质体递送系统如小单层囊泡、大单层囊泡和多层囊泡的形式施用。脂质体可由多种磷脂如胆固醇、硬脂胺或磷脂酰胆碱形成。
本发明的活性药剂还可与可溶性聚合物如可靶向药物载体偶联。此类聚合物包括,但不限于,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、吡喃共聚物、聚羟丙基甲基丙烯酰氨基苯酚、聚羟乙基天冬酰胺苯酚、和棕榈酰残基取代的聚乙烯氧基多赖氨酸。
施用
本发明的药物组合物或单位剂型可通过各种途径如经口和肠、静脉内、肌内、皮下、透皮、经粘膜(包括直肠和口腔)以及通过吸入途径来施用。优选地,使用经口和经粘膜途径(即,分别用固体或液体制剂或皮肤贴剂)。
剂量
如本文所述,术语“有效量”是指导致特定失调的至少一个症状或参数的可测量的改善的量。
本发明的药物组合物或单位剂型可根据由常规试验限定的剂量和给药方案按照以上给出的指南施用,从而获得最优的活性,同时使对特定患者的毒性或副作用最小化。然而,这样的治疗方案的微调按照本文所给出的指南是常规的。
本发明活性药剂的剂量可根据各种因素如基本疾病病况、个体状态、体重、性别和年龄以及施用模式等而变化。用于治疗失调的有效量可通过本领域普通技术人员已知的经验方法,例如通过建立施用的剂量和频率矩阵并比较矩阵中各个点处的一组实验单位或受试者来容易地确定。向患者施用的确切量将取决于失调的状态和严重程度以及患者的身体状况而变化。任何症状或参数的可测量的改善可由本领域技术人员确定或由患者向医师报告。将理解的是,代谢失调或其关键症状的任何症状或参数的任何临床或统计上显著的衰减或改善均在本发明的范围内。临床显著的衰减或改善意指对患者和/或对医师是可察觉的。
药物组合例如,不仅以相对低的剂量高度有效,而且还具有低毒性并产生较少的副作用。将施用的活性剂的量可典型地在约0.01至约50mg/kg/天的范围内,优选约0.1至25mg/kg/天,更优选0.2至约12mg/kg/天。日施用的活性药剂的总量可典型地在约0.75至约3750mg的范围内,优选约7.5至约1875mg,更优选约15至约900mg。将理解的是,本发明的药物制剂不必需要包含对治疗失调有效的全部量的药剂,这是因为此类有效量可通过施用此类药物制剂的多个剂量而达到。
在本发明优选的实施方案中,化合物配制为胶囊剂或片剂,优选含有50至200mg的本发明的化合物,并优选向患者施用总日剂量50至400mg,优选150至250mg,且最优选约200mg,用于治疗例如代谢失调或其关键症状,如2型糖尿病。
用于肠胃外施用的药物组合物含有约0.01重量%至约100重量%的本发明的活性药剂,基于100重量%的总药物组合物。
一般而言,相对于剂型的100%总重量,透皮剂型含有约0.01重量%至约100重量%的活性药剂。
联合疗法
如本文所使用的,与术语疗法、治疗或施用结合使用的术语“联合”是指第一量的第一活性剂如AMPA受体激动剂或NMDA受体激动剂与第二量的第二活性剂如GABAA拮抗剂的疗法、治疗或施用,或用第一量的第一活性剂如AMPA受体激动剂或NMDA受体激动剂与第二量的第二活性剂如GABAA拮抗剂的疗法、治疗或施用,其中第一量和第二量一起包括治疗有效量来治疗需要治疗的受试者的代谢失调或其关键症状。术语联合囊括了第一量和第二量化合物的以本质上伴随的方式施用,方式例如单药物组合物,如具有固定比例的第一量和第二量的胶囊剂或片剂,或者各自多重、单独的胶囊剂或片剂等。术语联合还囊括了第一量和第二量的化合物以顺序方式、以任意顺序施用。当联合治疗涉及顺序施用第一量的例如AMPA受体激动剂和第二量的例如GABAA拮抗剂时,化合物以足够接近的时间施用,从而具有期望的疗效。例如,可产生期望疗效的各次施用之间的时期可从数分钟到数小时变化,并可考虑各化合物的性质如效力、溶解度、生物利用度、血浆半衰期和动力学曲线来确定。例如,药剂可在相互16个小时内、在相互约8个小时内、在相互约4个小时内、在相互约1个小时内、在相互约30分钟内、或在相互约10分钟内以任意顺序施用。
药物组合物或单位剂型可以日剂量单次施用,或总日剂量可以分剂量施用。另外,可用于治疗失调的另一化合物的同时或顺序施用是可取的。施用的顺序将取决于各种因素,包括患者的年龄、体重、性别和身体状况;欲治疗的失调的严重程度和病因,施用途径,患者的肾和肝功能,患者的治疗史,以及患者的响应性。可微调施用顺序的确定,并且此类微调根据本文给出的指南是常规的。
成套试剂盒
在另一实施方案中,提供一种成套试剂盒,所述成套试剂盒含有要施用的一种或多种药物制剂,即要组合施用来治疗代谢失调或其关键症状的含有活性剂的一种或多种药物制剂,用于在存储期间和使用前容纳一种或多种制剂的容器(优选密封的),以及以有效治疗患者的代谢失调或其关键症状的方式实施药物施用的说明。说明将通常为包装插页和/或标签上的书面说明。取决于制剂的类型和期望的施用模式,试剂盒还可包括用于施用制剂的装置。制剂可为如本文所述的任何适合的制剂。例如,制剂可为含有单位剂量的所选活性剂的口服剂型。试剂盒还可含有不同剂量的相同药剂的复合剂型。
试剂盒还可含有不同活性药剂的多重制剂。如果存在超过一种制剂,例如为了提供重复给药,此类制剂在剂量、化学组成和/或物理形式方面可相同,或可不同。
这些发明所属技术领域中技术人员通过在前面说明书和相关附图中给出的教导,将可以想到这些发明的许多变型和其它实施方式。因此,将理解的是,本发明不限于所公开的具体实施方案,并且变型和其它实施方案将意欲包括在所附实施方案的范围内。尽管在本文采用了特定的术语,但它们仅以通用且描述性含义使用而非限制的目的。
除非上下文另有规定,本文所述的化合物的比例是指基于重量比重量(w/w)的相对量。
将通过下列实施例进一步说明本发明。
实施例1:SuMN中的多巴胺神经元投射至SCN和并在SCN释放多巴胺
方法
雌性斯普拉-道来氏大鼠(Sprague-Dawleyrats)(12只)置于14/10明/暗循环的恒温恒湿的房间,并以随意采食常规膳食来饲养。各大鼠用逆行示踪剂荧光金(4%,20nl)显微注射至SCN并允许休息10天。接着将大鼠以4%的多聚甲醛灌注并解剖脑部用于免疫组织化学。投射至SCN的多巴胺神经元由荧光金(FG)和酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)双重免疫化学鉴定。为了证实功能性连接,在向SuMN输注AMPA(0.3mM/0.5μl)后,在自由移动的大鼠中通过微透析测量SCN处的多巴胺代谢物。
结果:
在SCN处输注逆行示踪剂荧光金后,在已知从SCN接收直接神经支配的多处脑部区域如内侧视前区(MPO)、下脑室旁区(subparaventricularzone,SPVZ)、背内侧下丘脑核(DMH)、室周下丘脑核(periventricularhypothalamicnucleus,Pe)、室旁核(PVN)、植入带(ZI)、弓状核(Arc)、正中隆起(ME)、下丘脑腹尾后部(ventrocaudalposteriorhypothalamus,PH)、乳头体上核(SuMN)和外侧臂旁核(lateralparabranchialnucleus,LPB)和弧束核(NST)识别荧光金免疫反应性。
几乎唯一地在SuMN以及邻近的下丘脑腹尾后部中观察到对荧光金和酪氨酸羟化酶有双重免疫反应的神经元。在Pe中发现较少的分散的FG/TH双重标记的神经元。在已知涉及能量代谢的下丘脑核如PVN、DMH和Arc中发现非常少的FG/TH双重标记的神经元。在叙利亚仓鼠中以双重标记研究获得类似的结果。另外,在仓鼠中,在LPB中检测到显著数量的FG/TH双重标记的神经元。
双重标记结果表明,SuMN和邻近的下丘脑腹尾后部中的多巴胺神经元是SCN处多巴胺输入的主要来源。
图1中示出的结果表明,与媒介物相比,SuMN中多巴胺神经元受SuMN内AMPA输注的刺激在SCN区域产生多巴胺代谢物HVA(图1A;p<.05)和DOPAC(图1B;p<0.05)的显著提升。与媒介物相比,AMPA输注的确在SCN产生血清素代谢物5-HIAA的显著提升(图1C)。这些结果证实了SuMN神经元的多巴胺释放与SCN中多巴胺升高之间的功能性连接。
总之,SuMN中的多巴胺神经元投射到SCN并在SCN释放多巴胺。
实施例2:高脂肪饮食饲养减少SuMN中多巴胺神经元的节律活动
方法
雌性斯普拉-道来氏大鼠以自由采食高脂肪饮食(HFD)或常规膳食来饲养,并保持14小时的日光周期。饲养4个月后,选择常规膳食的10只大鼠和由于高脂肪饮食饲养而变得肥胖的10只大鼠用于微透析研究。在微透析实验结束时,分别在光开始之后4小时(4“HALO”)、16HALO通过透心脏输注4%多聚甲醛处死大鼠。解剖脑部用于c-Fos和酪氨酸羟化酶的双重免疫组织化学。计数SuMN中对c-Fos和酪氨酸羟化酶双重免疫阳性的神经元的数量作为SuMN中多巴胺神经元活性的指标。
结果
图2所示的结果阐明了SuMN中表达多巴胺的神经元的昼夜节律,并且该昼夜节律在饲养脂肪饮食的肥胖大鼠中被破坏。饲养常规膳食的非肥胖大鼠显示,与明处4HALO相比,在暗处,即16HALO,SuMN中双重标记的表达c-Fos/TH多巴胺的神经元的数量增加。在高脂肪饮食-诱导的肥胖大鼠中,在明处,SuMN中表达c-Fos的多巴胺神经元的夜晚峰值减少,SuMN中表达c-Fos的多巴胺神经元的水平升高。参见图2。
实施例3:用AMPA长期激活SuMN中的多巴胺神经元减少了高脂肪饮食-诱导的肥胖
症/代谢异常
方法
在单独的方法中,雌性斯普拉-道来氏高脂肪饮食-耐受性(HF-R)大鼠(16只)饲养高脂肪饮食4个月或雌性斯普拉-道来氏高脂肪饮食-敏感性(HF-S)大鼠(16只)饲养高脂肪饮食3个月。初始饲养方法后,在运动活动开始时将AMPA(0.03mM/0.5μl)或媒介物微每日微注射至SuMN中达13(HF-R动物)或14天(HF-S)。在AMPA处理结束时,通过断头术处死HF-R动物。收集躯干血用于葡萄糖和胰岛素分析,称重腹膜后脂肪质量。在AMPA处理结束时,HF-S动物进行葡萄糖耐量试验(GTT),并在GTT两天后处死。收集躯干血用于葡萄糖和胰岛素分析,并称重腹膜后脂肪质量。每日通过两种方法测量体重和摄食量。
结果
图3示出对HF-R大鼠长期AMPA处理的结果。HF-R大鼠中,长期AMPA处理(N=5AMPA处理;N=6媒介物)显著减少体重(p<0.05),腹膜后脂肪33%(13.4g±0.48对9.02g±0.48;p<0.01),和总腹部脂肪32%(19.1g±0.8对12.9g±0.6;p<0.01)。还检测到了小但显著的日摄食量减少(17.7g±2.1对13.7g±1.0;p<0.05)。尽管统计学不显著,但也检测到了空腹血糖减少(96.1±1.97对103.3±3.68,p=0.14)。
图4示出对HF-S大鼠长期AMPA处理的结果。与用媒介物处理的对照动物相比,SuMN内AMPA处理显著减少GTT期间的血浆葡萄糖浓度。基础血浆葡萄糖和胰岛素水平二者均通过AMPA处理而降低(分别从114到106mg/dl,从2.2到1.15ng/ml,P<0.05)。胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)分析示出SuM内NAMPA减少胰岛素耐受(从13.0±1.79到6.3±1.70,p=0.018)。葡萄糖GTT曲线下的总面积也降低。GTT期间血浆胰岛素水平也如预期地通过AMPA处理显著降低。
总之,这些结果阐明了SuMN受AMPA的日活化减少了由高脂肪饲养诱导的肥胖症和葡萄糖耐受不良/胰岛素耐受。
实施例4:用CNQX(AMPA受体拮抗剂)和蝇蕈醇(muscimol,GABA
A
受体激动剂)长期
抑制SuMN中的多巴胺神经元减少了肥胖症/代谢异常
方法
检测在SCN多巴胺节律升高对能量平衡的阻断作用。SuMN中多巴胺神经元的节律活动峰值受到CNQX(AMPA受体拮抗剂)和蝇蕈醇(GABAA受体激动剂)长期(10天)每日输注的长期抑制。
雌性斯普拉-道来氏大鼠以随意采食高脂肪饮食来饲养。高脂肪饮食耐受性(HF-R)动物(24)用含有AMPA受体拮抗剂CNQX(0.15mM)和GABAA受体激动剂蝇蕈醇(0.1mM)的混合物的溶液或媒介物以0.5μl/h的速率长期输注,长期10天。每日测量体重和摄食量。在处理结束时,通过断头术处死大鼠。收集躯干血用于葡萄糖和胰岛素分析。称重腹膜后脂肪。
结果
葡萄糖注射的结果示于图5。HF-R动物中以CNQX加上蝇蕈醇抑制SuMN的多巴胺神经元导致葡萄糖耐受不良。
实施例5:用AMPA受体拮抗剂(CNQX)和GABA
A
受体激动剂(蝇蕈醇)抑制SuMN中的多
巴胺神经元减少了在SCN的光脉冲-诱导的c-Fos表达
方法
为了确定抑制多巴胺输入至SCN区域是否能够改变SCN的光敏性,通过CNQX和蝇蕈醇的SuMN内输注抑制SuMN中的多巴胺神经元。
雌性斯普拉-道来氏大鼠(20)以随意采食常规膳食来饲养。实验前一天,将大鼠分成4组(每组N=5)并转移至暗红光的房间。大鼠在运动活动开始之前一小时(13HALO)、再次在运动活动开始时(14HALO),在暗红光下接受CNQX(0.1mM)和蝇蕈醇(0.7mM)的混合物0.5μl或媒介物的输注。在15HALO时,将一半的大鼠(用CNQX/蝇蕈醇处理的5只大鼠和5只媒介物大鼠)暴露至30分钟的光脉冲(~200lux),并将另一半保持在暗红光下。光脉冲开始一小时后,通过透心脏输注4%多聚甲醛处死大鼠。解剖脑部用于c-Fos的免疫组织化学染色。定量c-Fos在SCN的表达水平。
结果
光脉冲诱导了在SCN的强c-Fos表达。CNQX/蝇蕈醇处理的大鼠中,在SCN核内的c-Fos表达水平显著减少。这些结果证实SuMN中多巴胺神经元的活性抑制改变了SCN对光脉冲的光敏性。
实施例6.-增强在SuMN的昼夜多巴胺传递改善了高脂肪饮食(HFD)-诱导的葡萄糖
耐受不良/胰岛素耐受
用针对SuMN的NMDA激动剂处理胰岛素耐受性高脂肪饲养大鼠改善了胰岛素耐受和葡萄糖耐受不良。雌性斯普拉-道来氏大鼠以高脂肪饮食饲养一个月,然后将对饮食最敏感的那些动物(组中增重最多的那些)用NMDA激动剂或媒介物在光补偿(14小时日光周期)时经导向至SuMN的插管进行3分钟的处理,每日处理进行2周,同时保持高脂肪饮食。在处理期结束时,对动物进行葡萄糖耐量试验(GTT)(3g/kg葡萄糖),并在葡萄糖处理之前和处理后30、60、90和120分钟采集血浆样品。分析血浆样品的葡萄糖和胰岛素水平。
结果
相对于用对照媒介物处理的高脂肪饮食动物,NMDA处理显著减少GTT期间的血浆葡萄糖和胰岛素水平并显著改善胰岛素耐受。详细结果参见图6。
实施例7.恢复在SCN的昼夜多巴胺峰值改善了HFD-诱导的葡萄糖耐受不良/胰岛
素耐受
将多巴胺直接输注至高脂肪饮食的胰岛素耐受性大鼠的SCN改善了胰岛素耐受和葡萄糖耐受不良。大约12周龄的雄性SHR大鼠以高脂肪饮食饲养一个月,然后用多巴胺或媒介物在光补偿(14小时日光周期)时经导向至SuMN的插管进行3分钟的处理,每日处理进行2周,同时保持高脂肪饮食。在处理期结束时,对动物进行葡萄糖耐量试验(GTT)(3g/kg葡萄糖),并在葡萄糖处理之前和处理后30、60、90和120分钟采集血浆样品。分析血浆样品的葡萄糖和胰岛素水平。
结果
相对于用对照媒介物处理的高脂肪饮食动物,NMDA处理显著减少GTT期间的血浆葡萄糖和胰岛素水平并显著改善胰岛素耐受。详细结果参见图7。
因此,可以看出,在运动活动开始时用AMPA或NMDA处理激活SuMN处的谷氨酸AMPA受体或NMDA受体,减少了高脂肪饮食-诱导的肥胖症、葡萄糖耐受不良/胰岛素耐受,而阻断该谷氨酸受体活性减少了葡萄糖耐受不良的病况。类似地,向SCN直接添加多巴胺改善了胰岛素耐受和葡萄糖耐受不良。
已记述了本发明的多个实施方案。然而,将理解的是,可在不偏离本发明的精神和范围下进行各种变型。因此,其它实施方案也在权利要求的范围内。
Claims (42)
1.一种治疗方法,其包括将增加乳头体上核(SuMN)中的神经元活性的药剂向患有代谢失调或其关键症状的受试者施用,从而治疗所述代谢失调或关键症状。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述药剂包括AMPA受体激动剂、NMDA受体激动剂和/或GABAA拮抗剂的至少之一。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述药剂增加多巴胺从乳头体上核(SuMN)中的多巴胺能神经元的释放。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中多巴胺能神经元包括投射到所述受试者的视交叉上核(SCN)的区域的投射通路。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述投射通路将多巴胺释放到所述受试者的SCN中。
6.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述代谢失调或其关键症状为2型糖尿病、糖尿病前期、心血管疾病或肥胖症。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述药剂为AMPA受体激动剂、NMDA受体激动剂或GABAA拮抗剂。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述药剂在预定的时间施用,以使所述药剂大约在所述受试者醒来时增加多巴胺从所述SuMN中的多巴胺能神经元的释放。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述药剂大约在醒来的2小时内向所述受试者施用。
10.一种治疗方法,其包括向患有代谢失调或其关键症状的患者施用AMPA受体激动剂和/或NMDA受体激动剂,从而治疗所述代谢失调或其关键症状。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述代谢失调或其关键症状为2型糖尿病、糖尿病前期、心血管疾病或肥胖症。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述AMPA受体激动剂和/或NMDA受体激动剂在预定的时间施用,以使所述激动剂大约在所述患者醒来时对于所述患者的SuMN中的AMP受体是活性的。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,所述AMPA受体激动剂和/或NMDA受体激动剂在大约醒来的两个小时内向所述患者施用。
14.一种治疗方法,其包括将GABAA拮抗剂向患有代谢失调或其关键症状的患者施用,从而治疗所述代谢失调或其关键症状。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中所述代谢失调或其关键症状为2型糖尿病、糖尿病前期、心血管疾病或肥胖症。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述GABAA拮抗剂在预定的时间施用,以使所述拮抗剂大约在所述患者醒来时对于所述患者的SuMN中的GABAA受体是活性的。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中AMPA受体激动剂和/或NMDA受体激动剂大约在醒来的两个小时内向所述患者施用。
18.一种治疗方法,其包括使需要治疗代谢失调或其关键症状的患者的SuMN中的神经元与增加所述神经元的AMPA受体和/或NMDA受体活性的药剂相接触,以增加所述AMPA受体和/或NMDA受体活性的基线活性,从而治疗所述代谢失调或其关键症状。
19.一种治疗方法,其包括使需要治疗代谢失调或其关键症状的患者的SuMN中的神经元与降低所述神经元的γ-氨基丁酸能受体活性的药剂相接触,以降低所述γ-氨基丁酸能受体活性的基线活性,从而治疗所述代谢失调或其关键症状。
20.一种治疗代谢失调或其关键症状的方法,所述方法包括增加患有所述代谢失调或其关键症状的个体的SuMN中AMPA受体活性和/或NMDA受体活性与γ-氨基丁酸能受体活性之比,从而治疗所述代谢失调或其关键症状。
21.一种治疗患有代谢失调或其关键症状的患者的代谢失调或其关键症状的方法,所述方法包括将第一量的AMPA受体激动剂和/或NMDA受体激动剂和第二量的GABAA拮抗剂向所述患者施用,其中所述第一量和所述第二量一起包括治疗有效量的药剂的活性组合来治疗所述代谢失调或其关键症状。
22.一种使SuMN中多巴胺释放的日节律正常化的方法,所述方法包括将AMPA受体激动剂和/或NMDA受体激动剂和/或GABAA拮抗剂向患有日节律失常的受试者施用。
23.根据权利要求22所述的方法,其中所述AMPA受体激动剂和/或NMDA受体激动剂和/或GABAA拮抗剂在预定的时间施用,以使所述激动剂或GABAA拮抗剂大约在所述受试者的运动活动开始时对于所述受试者的SuMN中的受体是活性的。
24.根据权利要求22所述的方法,其中所述AMPA受体激动剂和/或NMDA受体激动剂和/或GABAA拮抗剂在预定的时间施用,以使所述激动剂或GABAA拮抗剂大约在所述受试者醒来时对于所述受试者的SuMN中的受体是活性的。
25.根据权利要求22所述的方法,其中所述AMPA受体激动剂和/或NMDA受体激动剂和/或GABAA拮抗剂大约在醒来的两个小时内向所述患者施用。
26.一种刺激多巴胺从受试者的SuMN中的多巴胺能神经元释放的方法,所述方法包括将AMPA受体激动剂和/或NMDA受体激动剂和/或GABAA拮抗剂向所述受试者施用。
27.一种药物组合物,其包括AMPA受体激动剂、NMDA受体激动剂和/或GABAA拮抗剂,以及药学上可接受的赋形剂。
28.一种治疗代谢失调或其关键症状的方法,所述方法包括将需要治疗代谢失调或其关键症状的受试者的SuMN中的多巴胺释放的异常日节律调节至接近未患有所述代谢紊乱或其关键症状的与所述受试者相同物种和性别的正常个体的SuMN中多巴胺能神经元的多巴胺释放的正常日节律。
29.一种治疗方法,其包括将AMPA受体激动剂和/或NMDA受体激动剂和/或γ-氨基丁酸能受体拮抗剂向患有代谢失调或其关键症状的受试者施用,从而在大约相同物种和性别的健康个体的CNS中多巴胺活性达到峰值的时刻增加CNS多巴胺活性,进而治疗所述代谢失调或其关键症状。
30.根据权利要求29所述的方法,其中所述代谢失调或其关键症状为2型糖尿病、糖尿病前期或肥胖症。
31.根据权利要求30所述的方法,其中所述AMPA受体激动剂和/或NMDA受体激动剂和/或γ-氨基丁酸能受体拮抗剂在预定的时间施用,以使所述激动剂或拮抗剂大约在所述受试者运动活动开始时对于所述受试者的SuMN中的受体是活性的。
32.根据权利要求31所述的方法,其中所述AMPA受体激动剂和/或NMDA受体激动剂和/或γ-氨基丁酸能受体拮抗剂在预定的时间施用,以使所述激动剂或拮抗剂大约在所述受试者醒来时对于所述受试者的SuMN中的受体是活性的。
33.根据权利要求30所述的方法,其中预定的时间为大约醒来的两个小时内。
34.一种治疗方法,其包括将NMDA受体激动剂向患有代谢失调或其关键症状的患者施用,从而治疗所述代谢失调或其关键症状。
35.根据权利要求34所述的方法,其中所述代谢失调或其关键症状为2型糖尿病、糖尿病前期、心血管疾病或肥胖症。
36.一种治疗方法,其包括将穿过血脑屏障的多巴胺类似物向患有代谢失调或其关键症状的患者施用,从而治疗所述代谢失调或其关键症状。
37.根据权利要求36所述的方法,其中所述代谢失调或其关键症状为2型糖尿病、糖尿病前期、心血管疾病或肥胖症。
38.一种治疗方法,其包括将穿过血脑屏障的多巴胺类似物向患有代谢失调或其关键症状的患者施用,从而治疗所述代谢失调或其关键症状。
39.根据权利要求38所述的方法,其中所述穿过血脑屏障的多巴胺类似物在04:00至12:00时之间施用。
40.根据权利要求39所述的方法,其中所述穿过血脑屏障的多巴胺类似物在醒来的2小时内施用。
41.根据权利要求38所述的方法,其中所述代谢失调或其关键症状为2型糖尿病、糖尿病前期、心血管疾病或肥胖症。
42.根据权利要求41所述的方法,其包括将所述穿过血脑屏障的多巴胺类似物大约在所述患者醒来时向所述患者施用。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201361834864P | 2013-06-13 | 2013-06-13 | |
US61/834,864 | 2013-06-13 | ||
PCT/US2014/042397 WO2014201411A1 (en) | 2013-06-13 | 2014-06-13 | Compositions and methods for treating metabolic disorders |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN105579575A true CN105579575A (zh) | 2016-05-11 |
Family
ID=52022819
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201480044899.5A Pending CN105579575A (zh) | 2013-06-13 | 2014-06-13 | 用于治疗代谢失调的组合物和方法 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US20150011554A1 (zh) |
EP (2) | EP3311842A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2016521755A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN105579575A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2014277952A1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR112015031249A2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2915405A1 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2015017253A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2014201411A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9655865B2 (en) | 2002-07-29 | 2017-05-23 | Veroscience, Llc | Therapeutic treatment for metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, obesity, or prediabetes |
US8821915B2 (en) | 2002-08-09 | 2014-09-02 | Veroscience, Llc | Therapeutic process for the treatment of the metabolic syndrome and associated metabolic disorders |
US20100035886A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 | 2010-02-11 | Veroscience, Llc | Parenteral formulations of dopamine agonists |
EP2217073B1 (en) | 2007-06-21 | 2019-10-09 | VeroScience LLC | Method of treating metabolic disorders and depression with dopamine receptor agonists |
US8741918B2 (en) | 2007-06-21 | 2014-06-03 | Veroscience Llc | Parenteral formulations of dopamine agonists |
US9352025B2 (en) | 2009-06-05 | 2016-05-31 | Veroscience Llc | Combination of dopamine agonists plus first phase insulin secretagogues for the treatment of metabolic disorders |
US8431155B1 (en) | 2012-04-30 | 2013-04-30 | Veroscience Llc | Bromocriptine formulations |
HRP20211488T1 (hr) | 2016-04-20 | 2022-02-18 | Veroscience Llc | Sastav i metoda za liječenje metaboličkih poremećaja |
AU2018351131B2 (en) | 2017-10-18 | 2024-05-30 | Veroscience Llc | Improved bromocriptine formulations |
WO2019113110A2 (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2019-06-13 | Peter Vanderklish | Modulation of ampa/kainate receptors for the treatment of hypoglycemia |
US20220241343A1 (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2022-08-04 | Dignity Health | Inhibitory interneuron treatment methods, uses and compositions for diabetes |
WO2021061818A1 (en) | 2019-09-23 | 2021-04-01 | Veroscience Llc | Method for inducing tumor regression |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002089848A3 (en) * | 2001-05-04 | 2002-12-12 | Lilly Co Eli | Use of an ampa receptor potentiator for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of type 2 diabetes |
US20080221020A1 (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2008-09-11 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Dendrimers as Molecular Translocators |
WO2010121023A2 (en) * | 2009-04-15 | 2010-10-21 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Peptides and aptamers for targeting of neuron or nerves |
CN101990431A (zh) * | 2008-03-12 | 2011-03-23 | 迈阿密大学 | 用于检测和治疗低血糖症的方法和测定法 |
Family Cites Families (106)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3784703A (en) * | 1972-02-29 | 1974-01-08 | Merck & Co Inc | Method of treating hypertension |
US5017566A (en) | 1987-12-30 | 1991-05-21 | University Of Florida | Redox systems for brain-targeted drug delivery |
US4939174A (en) | 1988-02-26 | 1990-07-03 | Shashoua Victor E | Appetite suppression with dopamine-fatty acid conjugates |
US5994392A (en) | 1988-02-26 | 1999-11-30 | Neuromedica, Inc. | Antipsychotic prodrugs comprising an antipsychotic agent coupled to an unsaturated fatty acid |
US4933324A (en) | 1988-02-26 | 1990-06-12 | Shashoua Victor E | Fatty acid-neuroactive drug conjugate as a prodrug |
US5344832A (en) * | 1990-01-10 | 1994-09-06 | The Board Of Supervisors Of Louisiana University And Agricultural And Mechanical College | Method for the long term reduction of body fat stores, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia in vertebrates |
CZ282909B6 (cs) * | 1991-12-23 | 1997-11-12 | The Board Of Supervisors Of Louisiana State University And Agricultural And Mechanical College | Použití agonisty dopaminu a stimulátoru prolaktinu pro přípravu farmaceutického přípravku a tento farmaceutický přípravek |
US5324718A (en) | 1992-07-14 | 1994-06-28 | Thorsteinn Loftsson | Cyclodextrin/drug complexation |
US5472954A (en) | 1992-07-14 | 1995-12-05 | Cyclops H.F. | Cyclodextrin complexation |
DE69331761T2 (de) | 1992-07-24 | 2002-09-12 | The Regents Of The University Of California, Oakland | Arzneimittel, die den durch ampa rezeptoren vermittelten synaptischen respons erhöhen |
US6274600B1 (en) | 1995-06-05 | 2001-08-14 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Heteroatom substituted benzoyl derivatives that enhance synaptic responses mediated by AMPA receptors |
US20020099050A1 (en) | 1993-07-23 | 2002-07-25 | Lynch Gary S. | Drugs that enhance synaptic responses mediated by AMPA receptors |
US5488049A (en) | 1993-12-10 | 1996-01-30 | Fidia - Georgetown Institute For The Neuro-Sciences | Method of treating learning and memory disorders using benzothiadiazide derivatives as nootropic agents |
US5852008A (en) | 1995-01-24 | 1998-12-22 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Heteroatom substituted benzoyl derivatives that enhance synaptic response mediated by receptors |
US5650409A (en) | 1995-06-02 | 1997-07-22 | Cortex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Benzoyl piperidines/pyrrolidines for enhancing synaptic response |
US5773434A (en) | 1995-08-30 | 1998-06-30 | Gary A. Rogers | Facilitation of AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission in brain as a treatment for schizophrenia |
US5686423A (en) * | 1996-02-16 | 1997-11-11 | Department Of Health, The Executive Yuan, Republic Of China | Di-and tri-peptide mimetic compounds for Parkinson's disease |
US5891871A (en) | 1996-03-21 | 1999-04-06 | Cocensys, Inc. | Substituted 2,3-benzodiazepin-4-ones and the use thereof |
US5736543A (en) | 1996-04-03 | 1998-04-07 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Benzoxazines for enhancing synaptic response |
US6030968A (en) | 1996-09-17 | 2000-02-29 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Positive AMPA receptor modulation to enhance brain neurotrophic factor expression |
AU4345297A (en) | 1996-09-17 | 1998-04-14 | Regents Of The University Of California, The | Benzothiadiazide derivatives and their use as allosteric up-modulators of the ampa receptor |
WO1998017306A1 (en) * | 1996-10-22 | 1998-04-30 | Ergo Research Corporation | Method for increasing blood insulin levels in mammals |
GB9702194D0 (en) | 1997-02-04 | 1997-03-26 | Lilly Co Eli | Sulphonide derivatives |
US6110935A (en) | 1997-02-13 | 2000-08-29 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Benzofurazan compounds for enhancing glutamatergic synaptic responses |
US6329368B1 (en) | 1997-05-09 | 2001-12-11 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Endocrine modulation with positive modulators of AMPA type glutamate receptors |
US20050245612A1 (en) * | 2004-05-03 | 2005-11-03 | Blass John P | Pharmaceutical compositions for metabolic insufficiencies |
US5985871A (en) | 1997-12-24 | 1999-11-16 | Cortex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Benzoxazine compounds for enhancing synaptic response |
CA2320354A1 (en) | 1998-02-18 | 1999-08-26 | Neurosearch A/S | Novel compounds and their use as positive ampa receptor modulators |
US6943159B1 (en) | 1998-02-18 | 2005-09-13 | Neurosearch A/S | Compounds and their use as positive AMPA receptor modulators |
US6174922B1 (en) | 1998-05-11 | 2001-01-16 | Eli Lilly And Company | Sulphonamide derivatives |
WO1999043285A2 (en) | 1998-02-24 | 1999-09-02 | Eli Lilly And Company | Sulphonamide derivatives |
JP2002505288A (ja) | 1998-03-02 | 2002-02-19 | コセンシス,インコーポレイテッド | 置換キナゾリンおよびアナログならびにそれらの使用 |
US6107489A (en) | 1998-03-17 | 2000-08-22 | Conjuchem, Inc. | Extended lifetimes in vivo renin inhibitors |
US6124278A (en) | 1998-04-03 | 2000-09-26 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Acylbenzoxazines for enhancing synaptic response |
WO1999057119A1 (en) * | 1998-05-04 | 1999-11-11 | Neotherapeutics, Inc. | Novel dopamine-like 9-substituted hypoxanthine and methods of use |
CA2338994A1 (en) | 1998-07-31 | 2000-02-10 | Paul Leslie Ornstein | Sulfonamide derivatives |
AU5235599A (en) | 1998-07-31 | 2000-02-21 | Eli Lilly And Company | N-substituted sulfonamide derivatives |
CA2339099A1 (en) | 1998-07-31 | 2000-02-10 | Macklin Brian Arnold | Sulfonamide derivatives |
WO2000006539A1 (en) | 1998-07-31 | 2000-02-10 | Eli Lilly And Company | Alkenyl sulphonamide derivatives |
PE20000942A1 (es) | 1998-07-31 | 2000-09-28 | Lilly Co Eli | Derivados de amida, carbamato y urea |
US6358981B1 (en) | 1998-07-31 | 2002-03-19 | Eli Lilly And Company | Sulphonamide derivatives |
US6521605B1 (en) | 1998-07-31 | 2003-02-18 | Eli Lilly And Company | Amidophosphate derivatives |
PE20000943A1 (es) | 1998-07-31 | 2000-09-28 | Lilly Co Eli | Derivados de sulfonamida |
PE20000944A1 (es) | 1998-07-31 | 2000-09-20 | Lilly Co Eli | Derivados de sulfonamida |
US6358982B1 (en) | 1998-07-31 | 2002-03-19 | Eli Lilly And Company | Heterocyclyl sulphonamide derivatives |
AU5240099A (en) | 1998-07-31 | 2000-02-21 | Eli Lilly And Company | Heterocyclic sulphonamide derivatives |
US6617351B1 (en) | 1998-07-31 | 2003-09-09 | Eli Lilly And Company | Amide, carbamate, and urea derivatives |
CA2372490A1 (en) | 1999-04-30 | 2000-11-09 | Eli Lilly And Company | Monofluoroalkyl derivatives |
AU5318300A (en) | 1999-06-04 | 2000-12-28 | Sui Xiong Cai | Substituted 5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4h-1-benzopyrans and benzothiopyrans and the use thereof as potentiators of ampa |
US6297226B1 (en) | 1999-10-15 | 2001-10-02 | Neotherapeutics, Inc. | Synthesis and methods of use of 9-substituted guanine derivatives |
US6639107B1 (en) | 1999-12-08 | 2003-10-28 | Eli Lilly And Company | Cyclopentyl sulfonamide derivatives |
WO2001042203A1 (en) | 1999-12-08 | 2001-06-14 | Eli Lilly And Company | Cyclopentyl sulfonamide derivatives |
DE10004572A1 (de) | 2000-02-02 | 2001-08-09 | Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma | Neue positive allosterische AMPA-Rezeptor Modulatoren (PAARM), Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung als Arzneimittel |
AU2001241512A1 (en) | 2000-03-13 | 2001-09-24 | Eli Lilly And Company | Sulfonamide derivatives |
US7345031B2 (en) * | 2000-04-12 | 2008-03-18 | International Medical Innovations, Inc. | Pharmaceutical dopamine glycoconjugate compositions and methods of their preparation and use |
CA2409829A1 (en) | 2000-05-19 | 2001-11-29 | Eli Lilly And Company | Sulfonamide derivatives |
MXPA02010020A (es) | 2000-05-19 | 2003-02-12 | Lilly Co Eli | Derivados de sulfonamida. |
WO2001094306A2 (en) | 2000-06-06 | 2001-12-13 | Eli Lilly And Company | (bis)sulfonamide derivatives |
DE60104697T2 (de) | 2000-06-13 | 2005-08-04 | Eli Lilly And Co., Indianapolis | Sulfonamid-derivate |
WO2002014275A2 (en) | 2000-08-11 | 2002-02-21 | Eli Lilly And Company | Heterocyclic sulfonamide derivatives and their use for potentiating glutamate receptor function |
WO2002014294A2 (en) | 2000-08-11 | 2002-02-21 | Eli Lilly And Company | Heterocyclic sulfonamide derivatives and their use for potentiating glutamate receptor function |
AU2001284649A1 (en) | 2000-08-31 | 2002-03-13 | Eli Lilly And Company | Acetylenic sulfonamide derivatives |
JP2004511540A (ja) | 2000-10-13 | 2004-04-15 | イーライ・リリー・アンド・カンパニー | シクロアルキルフルオロスルホンアミド誘導体 |
AU2001235976A1 (en) * | 2000-12-19 | 2002-07-01 | Malladi Surya Prakasa Sastry | An antidiabetic composition of amino acids |
ITBO20010271A1 (it) | 2001-05-08 | 2002-11-08 | Giuseppe Cannazza | Metodo per il trattamento e la prevenzione dei disturbi del sistema nervoso centrale associati ad una alterazione della neurotrasmissione gl |
US20030100552A1 (en) | 2001-05-17 | 2003-05-29 | Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma Kg | Positive allosteric AMPA receptor modulators (PAARM), processes for preparing them, and their use as pharmaceutical compositions |
US20040157817A1 (en) | 2001-05-30 | 2004-08-12 | Cantell Buddy Eugene | Cycloalkenylsulfonamide derivatives |
CA2446716A1 (en) | 2001-06-05 | 2002-12-12 | Eli Lilly And Company | Sulfonamide derivatives |
TWI232863B (en) | 2001-06-11 | 2005-05-21 | Akzo Nobel Nv | Benzoxazepine derivatives |
WO2003011270A1 (de) * | 2001-07-31 | 2003-02-13 | Lothar Saiger | Mittel zur behandlung von depressionen enthaltend ein lokalanästhetikum |
US7045543B2 (en) * | 2001-11-05 | 2006-05-16 | Enzrel Inc. | Covalent conjugates of biologically-active compounds with amino acids and amino acid derivatives for targeting to physiologically-protected sites |
SK2292004A3 (en) | 2001-11-26 | 2004-09-08 | Cortex Pharma Inc | Carbonyl benzoxazine compounds for enhancement of glutamatergic synaptic responses |
US20080200453A1 (en) * | 2002-07-29 | 2008-08-21 | Cincotta Anthony H | Methods of treating metabolic syndrome using dopamine receptor agonists |
US9655865B2 (en) * | 2002-07-29 | 2017-05-23 | Veroscience, Llc | Therapeutic treatment for metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, obesity, or prediabetes |
US20050054652A1 (en) * | 2002-07-29 | 2005-03-10 | Cincotta Anthony H. | Methods of treating metabolic syndrome using dopamine receptor agonists |
FR2854634B1 (fr) | 2003-05-05 | 2005-07-08 | Servier Lab | Nouveaux derives de thiadiazine, leur procede de preparation et les compositions pharmaceutiques qui les contiennent |
US7625932B2 (en) | 2003-10-08 | 2009-12-01 | Eli Lilly And Company | Pyrrole and pyrazole derivatives as potentiators of glutamate receptors |
GB0407583D0 (en) * | 2004-04-05 | 2004-05-05 | Arbab Tarig S M | Diagnostic testing and related matters |
EP1752146A4 (en) * | 2004-05-19 | 2007-10-10 | Ajinomoto Kk | THERAPEUTIC AGENT AGAINST DIABETES |
ZA200610042B (en) | 2004-06-04 | 2008-06-25 | Xenoport Inc | Levodopa prodrugs, and compositions and uses thereof |
GB0417709D0 (en) | 2004-08-09 | 2004-09-08 | Glaxo Group Ltd | Compounds |
JP2008509179A (ja) | 2004-08-09 | 2008-03-27 | グラクソ グループ リミテッド | グルタミン酸受容体を強化する化合物および医学におけるその使用 |
EP1781614B1 (en) | 2004-08-09 | 2009-06-24 | Glaxo Group Limited | Compounds which potentiate glutamate receptor and uses thereof in medicine |
US20060167099A1 (en) * | 2004-11-09 | 2006-07-27 | Anat Biegon | Use of compositions that increase glutamate receptor activity in treatment of brain injury |
ATE517867T1 (de) | 2005-02-15 | 2011-08-15 | Glaxo Group Ltd | Verbindungen, die den glutamatrezeptor verstärken und anwendungen davon in der medizin |
WO2006087232A1 (en) * | 2005-02-17 | 2006-08-24 | Instituto Del Metabolismo Celular, S.L. | L-aspartic acid for the treatment of problems in connection with the fat or glucose metabolism |
DE602006003661D1 (de) | 2005-06-06 | 2008-12-24 | Lilly Co Eli | Ampa-rezeptoren-verstärker |
WO2006138243A2 (en) * | 2005-06-13 | 2006-12-28 | University Of Vermont And State Agricultural College | Inhibition of creatine uptake to promote weight loss |
US20090286797A1 (en) | 2005-11-22 | 2009-11-19 | Dan Peters | Novel Quinoxaline Derivatives and Their Medical Use |
ES2761812T3 (es) * | 2005-11-22 | 2020-05-21 | Nalpropion Pharmaceuticals Inc | Composición y métodos de aumento de la sensibilidad a la insulina |
GB0602560D0 (en) | 2006-02-08 | 2006-03-22 | Glaxo Group Ltd | Compounds |
US20090221643A1 (en) | 2006-02-08 | 2009-09-03 | Kevin Michael Thewlis | 4-phenyl-3-(2-propylsulfonylamino) tetrahydrofuran derivatives which potentiate glutamate receptors and are useful in the treatment of schizophrenia |
US7829592B2 (en) | 2006-12-21 | 2010-11-09 | Xenoport, Inc. | Catechol protected levodopa diester prodrugs, compositions, and methods of use |
WO2008076458A1 (en) | 2006-12-21 | 2008-06-26 | Xenoport, Inc. | Levodopa dimethyl-substituted diester prodrugs, compositions, and methods of use |
GB0711088D0 (en) * | 2007-06-08 | 2007-07-18 | Glaxo Group Ltd | Compounds |
US8741918B2 (en) * | 2007-06-21 | 2014-06-03 | Veroscience Llc | Parenteral formulations of dopamine agonists |
GB0721092D0 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2007-12-05 | Glaxo Group Ltd | Compounds |
GB0721094D0 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2007-12-05 | Glaxo Group Ltd | Compounds |
WO2010015037A1 (en) * | 2008-08-08 | 2010-02-11 | Howard Florey Institute | Therapeutic methods and compositions |
US8399513B2 (en) | 2008-10-20 | 2013-03-19 | Xenoport, Inc. | Levodopa prodrug mesylate hydrate |
GB0821166D0 (en) * | 2008-11-19 | 2008-12-24 | Glaxo Group Ltd | Compounds |
GB0822425D0 (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2009-01-14 | Glaxo Group Ltd | Compounds |
US10206921B2 (en) | 2009-06-03 | 2019-02-19 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Methods and compositions for treating a subject for central nervous system (CNS) injury |
US20120283193A1 (en) * | 2009-10-31 | 2012-11-08 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Manipulation of brain in a circuit-specific manner |
HUE049460T2 (hu) * | 2010-08-10 | 2020-09-28 | Takeda Pharmaceuticals Co | Heterociklusos vegyület és annak alkalmazása ampa receptor pozitív allosztérikus modulátorként |
US8697898B2 (en) | 2011-11-23 | 2014-04-15 | Instytut Medycyny Doswiadczalnej i Klinicznej im. M. Mossakowskiego PAN | Medical application of lipid derivatives of dopamine and the methods of their production |
-
2014
- 2014-06-13 EP EP17206128.5A patent/EP3311842A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-06-13 WO PCT/US2014/042397 patent/WO2014201411A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-06-13 BR BR112015031249A patent/BR112015031249A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2014-06-13 AU AU2014277952A patent/AU2014277952A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-06-13 CA CA2915405A patent/CA2915405A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-06-13 JP JP2016519696A patent/JP2016521755A/ja active Pending
- 2014-06-13 CN CN201480044899.5A patent/CN105579575A/zh active Pending
- 2014-06-13 US US14/304,659 patent/US20150011554A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-06-13 MX MX2015017253A patent/MX2015017253A/es unknown
- 2014-06-13 EP EP14811295.6A patent/EP3008167A4/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2018
- 2018-11-16 US US16/193,193 patent/US20190160059A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2022
- 2022-01-04 US US17/568,560 patent/US20220142960A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002089848A3 (en) * | 2001-05-04 | 2002-12-12 | Lilly Co Eli | Use of an ampa receptor potentiator for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of type 2 diabetes |
US20080221020A1 (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2008-09-11 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Dendrimers as Molecular Translocators |
CN101990431A (zh) * | 2008-03-12 | 2011-03-23 | 迈阿密大学 | 用于检测和治疗低血糖症的方法和测定法 |
WO2010121023A2 (en) * | 2009-04-15 | 2010-10-21 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Peptides and aptamers for targeting of neuron or nerves |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
ANDREA CARRANZA,ET AL.: "L-Dopa uptake and dopamine production in proximal tubular cells are regulated by b2-adrenergic receptors", 《AM J PHYSIOL RENAL PHYSIOL》 * |
CAROL K.L. LAM,ET AL.: "ACTIVATION OF NMDA RECEPTORS IN THE DORSAL VAGAL COMPLEX LOWERS GLUCOSE PRODUCTION", 《THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY》 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20190160059A1 (en) | 2019-05-30 |
US20150011554A1 (en) | 2015-01-08 |
BR112015031249A2 (pt) | 2017-07-25 |
EP3008167A1 (en) | 2016-04-20 |
EP3311842A1 (en) | 2018-04-25 |
US20220142960A1 (en) | 2022-05-12 |
JP2016521755A (ja) | 2016-07-25 |
CA2915405A1 (en) | 2014-12-18 |
MX2015017253A (es) | 2016-04-19 |
AU2014277952A1 (en) | 2016-01-28 |
WO2014201411A1 (en) | 2014-12-18 |
EP3008167A4 (en) | 2017-06-07 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN105579575A (zh) | 用于治疗代谢失调的组合物和方法 | |
CA2630624C (en) | Compositions and methods for increasing insulin sensitivity | |
JP6561136B2 (ja) | 勃起機能不全を治療又は改善するための方法及びsglt2阻害薬を含む医薬組成物 | |
CN105517546A (zh) | 治疗脆性x综合征及相关疾病的方法 | |
KR20080086442A (ko) | 메트포민 및 메글리티나이드의 화합물 | |
UA122974C2 (uk) | Комбінований лікарський засіб, який містить канагліфлозин і фентермін, для лікування ожиріння й пов'язаних з ожирінням порушень | |
Sun et al. | Anti-hypertensive effect of a novel angiotensin II receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNi)-S086 in DSS rat model | |
Van Poelje et al. | The Discovery and Development of MB07803, a Second-Generation Fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase Inhibitor with Improved Pharmacokinetic Properties, as a Potential Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes | |
Cui et al. | A role for the locus coeruleus in the modulation of feeding |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20160511 |
|
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |