CN105561993B - 醋酸加氢制乙醇联产乙酸乙酯催化剂及制备方法 - Google Patents
醋酸加氢制乙醇联产乙酸乙酯催化剂及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种醋酸加氢制乙醇联产乙酸乙酯催化剂及制备方法,主要解决现有技术中醋酸转化率较低、乙醇和乙酸乙酯的选择性不易调变的问题。本发明通过采用一种醋酸加氢制乙醇联产乙酸乙酯催化剂,包括组分a、b、c和载体;所述组分a选自铁、镍、钴、铜、铼、锡、铟、锗、铅或其氧化物中的至少一种;所述组分b选自铱、铂、钯、钌、铑或其氧化物中的至少一种;所述组分c选自磷、铌、钨、钙、钾、钠、钡、锶或其氧化物中的至少一种及其制备方法的技术方案较好地解决了上述问题,可用于醋酸加氢制乙醇联产乙酸乙酯中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种醋酸加氢制乙醇联产乙酸乙酯催化剂及制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,随着石化能源的逐渐枯竭和环境保护要求的需要,世界各国都在发展新的可替代能源,如太阳能、风能、生物质能源等。燃料乙醇,作为新兴的可再生的绿色能源发展迅速,作为一种优质的液体燃料,馏分和灰分较低,燃烧性能与汽油相似,具有较高含氧量和辛烷值,较普通汽油燃烧完全、一氧化碳排放量低,被称为21世纪“绿色能源”,美国销售乙醇汽油已有20多年的历史,巴西40%的轻型汽车使用燃料乙醇。近些年来,美国、巴西、欧盟等先后出台一系关于列燃料乙醇生产和乙醇汽油使用的法规政策,2001年以来,国内车用燃料市场蓬勃发展,乙醇的需求量日益俱增,根据国家相关规划,2020年我国燃料乙醇年利用量将达到1000万吨,当前燃料乙醇的总产量约为166万吨,供需之间缺口很大。
随着国内醋酸生产技术的成熟,醋酸行业蓬勃发展,2012年我国醋酸产量约为700万吨,但产能利用率只有66%,产能严重过剩,我国2015年醋酸年产能可能超过千万吨,而传统的醋酸下游产品需求量增长较慢,消费仍主要集中在聚对苯二甲酸、醋酸乙烯、醋酸酯、氯乙酸、双乙烯酮、农药、医药中间体等领域,产能增长过快与需求量相对滞后的矛盾将更加突出。开发醋酸加氢技术,对于提升醋酸行业的经济效益,满足日益增长的燃料乙醇市场的需求,保障国家能源安全,具有重大的战略意义和良好的发展前景。
此外,该路线在生成乙醇的同时,可以联产乙酸乙酯,可以根据乙醇和乙酸乙酯市场价格的变化,来调变乙醇和乙酸乙酯的产品分布,增加该路线的经济性,降低市场风险。
目前国内外报道的醋酸加氢催化剂,主要是Pt、Pd、Ru等负载型贵金属催化剂,反应条件比较苛刻,且还存在催化剂活性不高,特别是乙醇选择性差等问题。US2607807A公开了Ru催化剂上醋酸在7.00×107~9.50×107Pa压力下加氢获得88%的乙醇收率,2.00×107Pa压力下收率40%,然而这种极端的条件对一个工业装置来说很难接受,经济性也较差。中国专利CN102229520A公开了一种W-Re-Ru/杏核炭催化剂,在10MPa、250℃、空速1.0h-1的条件下,醋酸转化率大于99%,乙醇选择性98.1%,但该反应压力较高,对设备要求高。中国专利CN102847535A公开了在表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠存在下,利用液相还原制Pt-Sn/碳纳米管催化剂,在350℃、2.0MPa、液时空速0.6h-1、氢酸比80的条件下,醋酸转化率为99.9%,乙醇选择性为91.1%,乙酸乙酯的选择性为1.5%,但该反应温度偏高,氢酸比大,且反应产物中还有高达5%的气相副产物。中国专利CN102333588A报道的共浸渍法制备的SiO2-CaSiO3-Pt-Sn催化剂的醋酸加氢制乙醇中乙醇的选择性达到92%,但醋酸的转化率只有24%。中国专利CN102300635A公开了Pt-Sn/SiO2催化剂在280℃,乙醇的选择性为85%时,催化剂寿命可达100h。CN104001526 A以Pt为活性组分,添加四种助剂后的催化剂乙醇的选择性为82.4%,乙酸乙酯的选择性为9.9%,但醋酸的转化率只有72.5%。CN103331158A报道的Ca-Pt-Sn/SiO2催化剂在反应温度260℃,反应压力3.0MPa,空速1.0h-1,氢酸比20,醋酸转化率96.1%,乙醇选择性94.9%,醋酸乙酯选择性4.9%,催化剂寿命可达到3000h,具有很好的工业应用前景。
现有的催化剂报道主要是提高醋酸的转化率或乙醇的选择性为主,虽然CN102378647中对催化剂载体改性可以改善产物的选择性,但该方法中醋酸的最大转化率只有73%。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题之一是提供一种醋酸加氢制乙醇联产乙酸乙酯的催化剂。该催化剂具有醋酸转化率高,乙醇和乙酸乙酯的选择性调变灵活,以及稳定性好等优点。本发明所要解决的技术问题之二是与解决技术问题之一相对应的醋酸加氢制乙醇联产乙酸乙酯催化剂的制备方法。
为解决上述问题之一,本发明采用的技术方案如下:一种醋酸加氢制乙醇联产乙酸乙酯催化剂,包括组分a、b、c和载体;所述组分a选自铁、镍、钴、铜、铼、锡、铟、锗、铅或其氧化物中的至少一种;所述组分b选自铱、铂、钯、钌、铑或其氧化物中的至少一种;所述组分c选自磷、铌、钨、钙、钾、钠、钡、锶或其氧化物中的至少一种;所述载体选自三氧化二铝、二氧化钛、二氧化硅、二氧化铈、石墨或活性炭;所述组分a、b、c与载体的质量比为1~20:0.2~2:1~20:100。
上述技术方案中,优选地,所述组分a选自铁、镍、钴、铜、铼、锡或其氧化物中的至少一种。
上述技术方案中,优选地,所述组分b选自铱、铂、钯、钌或其氧化物中的至少一种。
上述技术方案中,优选地,所述组分c选自磷、铌、钨、钡、钙或其氧化物中的至少一种。
上述技术方案中,优选地,所述载体选自三氧化二铝、二氧化钛、二氧化硅或活性炭。
为解决上述技术问题之二,本发明采用的技术方案如下:一种醋酸加氢制乙醇联产乙酸乙酯催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将组分a的可溶性金属盐溶于乙醇或水中,金属盐的浓度为0.02~0.10mol/L,记作溶液A;
(2)将组分b的可溶性金属盐溶于水中,金属盐的浓度为0.02~0.10mol/L,记作溶液B;
(3)将组分c的可溶性金属盐溶于水中,金属盐的浓度为0.5~3.0mol/L,记作溶液C;
(4)将载体用溶液A浸渍,然后在80~120℃下烘8~12h,300~600℃下焙烧2~6h;
(5)将步骤(4)所得样品用溶液B浸渍,然后在80~120℃下烘8~12h,300~600℃下焙烧2~6h;
(6)将步骤(5)所得样品用溶液C浸渍,然后在80~120℃下烘8~12h,300~600℃下焙烧2~6h;
(7)将步骤(6)所得样品在含H2和惰性气体的混合气中还原,即制得所述催化剂。
上述技术方案中,优选地,步骤(7)中所述的混合气体中的H2体积含量为5~10%。
上述技术方案中,优选地,步骤(7)中,所述的惰性气体为N2、Ar或He。
上述技术方案中,优选地,步骤(7)中,所述的还原温度为200~500℃。
本发明所述的可溶性金属盐,泛指组分a、b、c的一切可溶性盐,例如硝酸盐、硫酸盐、卤盐(卤酸)、醋酸盐等。
本发明醋酸的转化率和产物的选择性由气相色谱数据根据下面的方程式计算:
醋酸转化率=(反应前醋酸摩尔数-反应后醋酸摩尔数)÷反应前醋酸摩尔数*100%
乙醇选择性=乙醇摩尔数÷(反应前醋酸摩尔数-反应后醋酸摩尔数)*100%
醋酸乙酯选择性=(醋酸乙酯摩尔数*2)÷(反应前醋酸摩尔数-反应后醋酸摩尔数)*100%
采用本发明的催化剂应用于醋酸加氢制乙醇联产乙酸乙酯,反应稳定性高,催化性能优异且使用寿命长,反应6000小时催化性能几乎不发生变化。醋酸转化率大于95.5%,最高达99.2%;乙醇选择性介于40%~96%,相应的乙酸乙酯选择性介于60%~3%,取得较好的技术效果。
附图说明
图1为醋酸的转化率、乙醇和乙酸乙酯选择性随反应时间的变化趋势图。
下面通过实施例对本发明作进一步的阐述,但不仅限于本实施例。
具体实施方式
【实施例1】
采用多步浸渍法本发明所用催化剂,将催化剂载体浸渍到金属或非金属前驱体溶液中,经过烘干、焙烧等制备工序制得所需催化剂。
1)将100g Al2O3用FeCl2溶液(100ml,1.0M)浸渍12h,100℃烘12h,500℃焙烧4h。
2)将1)所得样品用PdCl2溶液(100ml,0.05M)浸渍12h,100℃烘12h,500℃焙烧4h。
3)将2)所得样品用H3PO4溶液(300ml,1.0M)浸渍12h,100℃烘12h,500℃焙烧4h。
【实施例2】
1)将100g Al2O3用FeCl2溶液(100ml,1.0M)浸渍4h,100℃烘8h,500℃焙烧4h。
2)将1)所得样品用H2IrCl6溶液(50ml,0.05M)浸渍4h,100℃烘8h,500℃焙烧4h。
3)将2)所得样品用H3PO4溶液(300ml,1.0M)浸渍4h,100℃烘8h,500℃焙烧4h。
【实施例3】
1)将100g Al2O3用FeCl2溶液(50ml,1.0M)浸渍12h,100℃烘8h,500℃焙烧4h。
2)将1)所得样品用H2PtCl6溶液(50ml,0.05M)浸渍12h,100℃烘8h,500℃焙烧4h。
3)将2)所得样品用H3PO4溶液(300ml,1.0M)浸渍12h,100℃烘8h,500℃焙烧4h。
【实施例4】
1)将100g Al2O3用FeCl2溶液(100ml,1.0M)浸渍8h,100℃烘10h,500℃焙烧4h。
2)将1)所得样品用H2PtCl6溶液(100ml,0.05M)浸渍8h,100℃烘10h,500℃焙烧4h。
3)将2)所得样品用H3PO4溶液(100ml,1.0M)浸渍8h,100℃烘10h,500℃焙烧4h。
【实施例5】
1)将100g SiO2用CoCl2溶液(100ml,1.0M)浸渍12h,100℃烘8h,500℃焙烧4h。
2)将1)所得样品用H2PtCl6溶液(100ml,0.05M)浸渍12h,100℃烘8h,500℃焙烧4h。
3)将2)所得样品用H3PO4溶液(300ml,1.0M)浸渍12h,100℃烘8h,500℃焙烧4h。
【实施例6】
1)将100g Al2O3用FeCl2溶液(100ml,1.0M)浸渍12h,100℃烘8h,500℃焙烧4h。
2)将1)所得样品用H2IrCl6溶液(100ml,0.05M)浸渍12h,100℃烘8h,500℃焙烧4h。
3)将2)所得样品用H3PO4溶液(300ml,1.0M)浸渍12h,100℃烘8h,500℃焙烧4h。
【实施例7】
1)将100g Al2O3用SnCl2溶液(100ml,0.1M)浸渍12h,100℃烘8h,500℃焙烧4h。
2)将1)所得样品用H2PtCl6溶液(50ml,0.05M)浸渍12h,100℃烘8h,500℃焙烧4h。
3)将2)所得样品用H3PO4溶液(300ml,1.0M)浸渍12h,100℃烘8h,500℃焙烧4h。
【实施例8】
1)将100g Al2O3用FeCl2溶液(100ml,1.0M)浸渍24h,100℃烘12h,500℃焙烧4h。
2)将1)所得样品用H2PtCl6溶液(100ml,0.05M)浸渍24h,100℃烘12h,500℃焙烧4h。
3)将2)所得样品用Na2WO4溶液(300ml,0.1M)浸渍24h,100℃烘12h,500℃焙烧4h。
【实施例9】
1)将100g Al2O3用SnCl2溶液(50ml,1.0M)浸渍24h,100℃烘12h,600℃焙烧2h。
2)将1)所得样品用H2PtCl6溶液(50ml,0.05M)浸渍24h,100℃烘12h,600℃焙烧2h。
3)将2)所得样品用C10H5NbO20溶液(300ml,1.0M)浸渍24h,100℃烘12h,600℃焙烧2h。
【实施例10】
1)将100g TiO2用NH4ReO4溶液(100ml,1.0M)浸渍24h,100℃烘8h,500℃焙烧4h。
2)将1)所得样品用RuCl3溶液(100ml,0.05M)浸渍24h,100℃烘8h,500℃焙烧4h。
3)将2)所得样品用C10H5NbO20溶液(300ml,1.0M)浸渍24h,100℃烘8h,500℃焙烧4h。
【实施例11】
1将100g TiO2用SnCl2溶液(100ml,1.0M)浸渍8h,100℃烘8h,300℃焙烧6h。
2)将1)所得样品用H2PtCl6溶液(100ml,0.05M)浸渍8h,100℃烘8h,300℃焙烧6h。
3)将2)所得样品用H3PO4溶液(300ml,1.0M)浸渍8h,100℃烘8h,300℃焙烧6h。
【实施例12】
1)将100g SiO2用FeCl2溶液(100ml,1.0M)浸渍8h,100℃烘8h,500℃焙烧4h。
2)将1)所得样品用H2PtCl6溶液(100ml,0.05M)浸渍8h,100℃烘8h,500℃焙烧4h。
3)将2)所得样品用Ca(NO3)2溶液(300ml,1.0M)浸渍8h,100℃烘8h,500℃焙烧4h。
【实施例13】
1)将100g SiO2用SnCl2溶液(100ml,1.0M)浸渍4h,100℃烘8h,600℃焙烧2h。
2)将1)所得样品用H2PtCl6溶液(100ml,0.05M)浸渍4h,100℃烘8h,600℃焙烧2h。
3)将2)所得样品用Ca(NO3)2溶液(300ml,1.0M)浸渍4h,100℃烘8h,600℃焙烧2h。
【实施例14】
1)将100g活性炭用SnCl2溶液(100ml,1.0M)浸渍4h,120℃烘8h,500℃焙烧4h。
2)将1)所得样品用H2PtCl6溶液(100ml,0.05M)浸渍4h,120℃烘8h,500℃焙烧4h。
3)将2)所得样品用Ba(NO3)2溶液(200ml,0.5M)浸渍4h,120℃烘8h,500℃焙烧4h。
【实施例15】
1)将100g SiO2用FeCl2溶液(100ml,1.0M)浸渍4h,80℃烘12h,500℃焙烧4h。
2)将1)所得样品用PdCl2溶液(100ml,0.05M)浸渍4h,80℃烘12h,500℃焙烧4h。
3)将2)所得样品用C10H5NbO20溶液(100ml,1.0M)浸渍4h,80℃烘12h,500℃焙烧4h。
【实施例16】
1)将100g Al2O3用SnCl2溶液(300ml,0.1M)浸渍4h,80℃烘12h,500℃焙烧4h。
2)将1)所得样品用PdCl2溶液(100ml,0.05M)浸渍4h,80℃烘12h,500℃焙烧4h。
3)将2)所得样品用C10H5NbO20溶液(300ml,1.0M)浸渍4h,80℃烘12h,500℃焙烧4h。
【实施例17】
1)将100g Al2O3用SnCl2溶液(100ml,1.0M)浸渍4h,100℃烘8h,500℃焙烧4h。
2)将1)所得样品用H2PtCl6溶液(100ml,0.05M)浸渍4h,100℃烘8h,500℃焙烧4h。
3)将2)所得样品用C10H5NbO20溶液(300ml,1.0M)浸渍4h,100℃烘8h,500℃焙烧4h。
【实施例18】
1)将100g Al2O3用NiCl2溶液(100ml,1.0M)浸渍4h,100℃烘12h,500℃焙烧4h。
2)将1)所得样品用H2PtCl6溶液(100ml,0.05M)浸渍4h,100℃烘12h,500℃焙烧4h。
3)将2)所得样品用C10H5NbO20溶液(300ml,1.0M)浸渍4h,100℃烘12h,500℃焙烧4h。
【实施例19】
1)将1.0g SiO2用Ca(NO3)2溶液(0.67ml,3.0M)浸渍4h,100℃烘12h,600℃焙烧2h。
2)将1)所得样品用SnCl2溶液(1.0ml,0.05M)和FeCl2溶液(1.0ml,0.05M)浸渍4h,100℃烘12h,600℃焙烧2h。
3)将2)所得样品用H2PtCl6溶液(2.0ml,0.025M)浸渍4h,100℃烘12h,600℃焙烧2h。
【实施例20】
1)将1.0g SiO2用Ca(NO3)2溶液(0.67ml,3.0M)浸渍8h,100℃烘12h,500℃焙烧4h。
2)将1)所得样品用SnCl2溶液(1.5ml,0.05M)浸渍8h,100℃烘12h,500℃焙烧4h。
3)将2)所得样品用H2PtCl6溶液(0.5ml,0.05M)和PdCl2溶液(0.5ml,0.05M)浸渍8h,100℃烘12h,500℃焙烧4h。
【实施例21】
将上述实施例1~20得到的催化剂金属盐,添加相应常规辅料,经压片、滚球、挤条等方法成型,得最终目标催化剂,粉碎至20~30目颗粒,进行性能评价。
用固定床反应装置评价其在醋酸加氢制乙醇反应中的催化性能。其中,催化剂填装量为10.0g。先用包括体积含量为10%H2和90%N2的混合气在常压下进行程序升温还原,还原温度逐步至200℃,在此温度下还原4小时。然后降至反应温度后,通入醋酸和H2的原料进行催化反应活性评价。用气相色谱仪分析反应尾气,计算醋酸的转化率及乙醇选择性。实验结果如下表1所示,其中反应温度为260℃,反应压力为3.0MPa,空速为1.0h-1,氢酸摩尔比为20。
【实施例22】
按照实施例21的条件和步骤,程序升温还原所用混合气体中H2体积含量为5~10%。
【实施例23】
按照实施例21的条件和步骤,程序升温还原所用混合气体中用Ar替代N2。
【实施例24】
按照实施例21的条件和步骤,程序升温还原温度升至500℃。
表1催化剂评价结果汇总
实施例 | 醋酸转化率(%) | 乙醇选择性(%) | 乙酸乙酯选择性(%) |
1 | 95.2 | 74.1 | 25.0 |
2 | 96.8 | 74.8 | 24.6 |
3 | 96.5 | 74.3 | 24.8 |
4 | 98.7 | 82.5 | 16.8 |
5 | 98.8 | 84.5 | 14.8 |
6 | 98.5 | 74.7 | 24.5 |
7 | 96.0 | 74.6 | 24.9 |
8 | 98.5 | 80.9 | 18.6 |
9 | 96.1 | 40.6 | 58.7 |
10 | 96.5 | 43.5 | 55.9 |
11 | 98.4 | 76.9 | 22.6 |
12 | 98.2 | 95.3 | 4.6 |
13 | 98.8 | 95.9 | 3.8 |
14 | 95.8 | 90.6 | 8.8 |
15 | 96.5 | 86.3 | 13.2 |
16 | 96.9 | 40.8 | 58.5 |
17 | 97.8 | 41.0 | 58.3 |
18 | 97.5 | 40.6 | 58.7 |
19 | 96.1 | 86.6 | 13.0 |
20 | 97.9 | 93.8 | 5.9 |
【实施例25】
考察实施例8所制备催化剂的稳定性,具体条件和实施例21中的催化剂性能评价条件相同。实验结果如图1所示,经过6000小时反应后,催化剂上醋酸的转化率和乙醇和乙酸乙酯的选择性仍然维持在反应初始的水平,表明催化剂具有的优良的稳定性。
Claims (2)
1.一种醋酸加氢制乙醇联产乙酸乙酯催化剂,由组分a、b、c和载体组成;所述组分a选自铟、锗、铅或其氧化物中的至少一种;所述组分b选自铱或其氧化物;所述组分c选自磷、铌或其氧化物中的至少一种;所述载体选自三氧化二铝、二氧化铈、石墨;所述组分a、b、c与载体的质量比为1~20:0.2~2:1~20:100;醋酸加氢制乙醇联产乙酸乙酯催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将组分a的可溶性金属盐溶于乙醇或水中,金属盐的浓度为0.02~0.10mol/L,记作溶液A;
(2)将组分b的可溶性金属盐溶于水中,金属盐的浓度为0.02~0.10mol/L,记作溶液B;
(3)将组分c的可溶性金属盐溶于水中,金属盐的浓度为0.5~3.0mol/L,记作溶液C;
(4)将载体用溶液A浸渍,然后在80~120℃下烘8~12h,300~600℃下焙烧2~6h;
(5)将步骤(4)所得样品用溶液B浸渍,然后在80~120℃下烘8~12h,300~600℃下焙烧2~6h;
(6)将步骤(5)所得样品用溶液C浸渍,然后在80~120℃下烘8~12h,300~600℃下焙烧2~6h;
(7)将步骤(6)所得样品在含H2和惰性气体的混合气中还原,即制得所述催化剂;所述的混合气体中的H2体积含量为5~10%;所述的惰性气体为N2、Ar或He;所述的还原温度为200~500℃。
2.根据权利要求1所述醋酸加氢制乙醇联产乙酸乙酯催化剂,其特征在于所述载体选自三氧化二铝。
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