CN105557280A - Method for managing environmental factors during Chinese onion seedling culture - Google Patents
Method for managing environmental factors during Chinese onion seedling culture Download PDFInfo
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- CN105557280A CN105557280A CN201610025895.3A CN201610025895A CN105557280A CN 105557280 A CN105557280 A CN 105557280A CN 201610025895 A CN201610025895 A CN 201610025895A CN 105557280 A CN105557280 A CN 105557280A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for managing environmental factors during Chinese onion seedling culture. The method comprises the steps of water management, light and temperature management, nursery soil management and weed management. Through precisely quantitative watering, water shortage during Chinese onion growth is effectively prevented. Through normalized light and temperature management, the Chinese onion growth environment is controlled strictly, illumination is utilized to the maximum extent, temperature and moisture suitable for growth and development of Chinese onion are maintained, the emergence rate is increased, and the occurrence rate of pest and disease damage is reduced. Through nursery soil management, photosynthesis is improved, the utilization rate of fertilizer is increased, growth of harmful bacteria is inhibited by means of other bacteria, and the morbidity of Chinese onion seedlings is reduced greatly. Meanwhile, through reasonable weed management, productivity is improved effectively, and the inhibition effect of weed on Chinese onion seedlings is reduced.
Description
Technical field
the present invention relates to agriculture seedling growing process field, particularly the management method of envirment factor in a kind of shallot seedling raising process.
Background technology
shallot nursery is the basis of shallot cultivation.Current, the seedling growing process of China shallot is still to adopt the outdoor seedling raising manners in traditional land for growing field crops to be master, larger by environmental influence, the green onion seedling brought out is very different, bud gesture is more weak, what traditional water management was taked is outdoor flood irrigation mode, see dry watering, thus be unfavorable for the growth of green onion seedling, adopt outdoor breeding simultaneously, seedling management is " living at the mercy of the elements " substantially, causes the management of illumination and temp. and humidity comparatively difficult, very big by ambient weather variable effect, very easily produce various damage by disease and insect, because causing extend seedling stage to envirment factor management and control is more weak.Meanwhile, traditional seedling raising manners, the weed seed of a large amount of variety classes different attribute that is scattered in its plot, seedbed, under suitable conditions, grass-seed germination and growth, is formed " weeds advantage ", with green onion seedling competition for nutrients, suppresses the growth of green onion seedling.And the more weak weed killer herbicide that can not use of green onion seedling, can only artificial weeding, cause taking time and effort, also can produce certain influence to adjacent green onion seedling simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
the object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the management method of envirment factor in a kind of shallot seedling raising process is provided.
for achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: the management method of envirment factor in shallot seedling raising process, described management method comprises the steps:
1) water management
11), before nursery: arrange seedbed in seedling canopy, sprinkling irrigation water 1.5 ~ 2.0 hours, guarantees that nursery soil drenches;
12) before emerging: seedling-cultivating tray is put after to seedbed, water every day 1 ~ 2 time, each 2 ~ 3 hours, to guarantee in seedling-cultivating tray that water supply in media controls the high humidity state " lose open fire, finger pressure can water outlet ";
13) the green onion seedling 1 leaf phase: green onion kind grows to first leaf after emerging, and reduces irrigation times, guarantees that soil humidity controls " semi-wet " state " hold agglomerating, land and namely fall apart ";
14) green onion seedling 2 ~ 3 leaf phase: moisturizing every other day, soil humidity controls in " semi-wet " state;
15) the green onion seedling 4 leaf phase and after: every 2 ~ 3 days mend a water, moisturizing time controling is at 30 ~ 40min;
16) transplant first 7 ~ 10 days: transplant and within first 7 days, do not water, to carry out hardening;
2) light temperature management
temperature of shed is by sunshade net and Ventilation Control, and temperature of shed controls between 20 ~ 25 DEG C, humid control is between 60% ~ 70%;
spring sowing seedling light temperature regulates and controls: before making straight hook from blade of sowing, at the upper sunshade net of 8:30 ~ 9:30 in the morning, sunshade net under 15:30 ~ 16:30 in the afternoon; Beat directly be hooked to 3 the leaf phase seedling, at the upper sunshade net of 9:30 ~ 10:30 in the morning, sunshade net under 15:00 ~ 16:00 in the afternoon; 3 leaf phases and later green onion seedling, at the upper sunshade net of 10:30 ~ 11:30 in the morning, sunshade net under 14:30 ~ 15:30 in the afternoon; Transplant the green onion seedling of first 7-10 days, at the upper sunshade net of 10:30 ~ 11:30 in the morning, sunshade net under 14:00-14:30 in the afternoon;
autumn sowing seedling light temperature regulates and controls: when environmental temperature is lower than 5 DEG C, lid upper greenhouse, to be incubated;
3) nursery soil management
31) whole ground bedding, arrangement drainage system;
32) seedbed base fertilizer management
after green onion seedling grows first leaf, spray marine alga microbial bacterial agent 15 ~ 30kg/ mu, within 1 week, spray once; After green onion seedling goes out two leaves, spray marine alga microbial bacterial agent 15 ~ 30kg/ mu and No. 6, green base 8 ~ 15kg/ mu, within 1 week, spray once;
4) weeds management
41) employing is mixed rear as seedling medium by mass ratio 4 ~ 6:1 ~ 3:1 ~ 3 that feed intake by the vermiculite of the peat composed of rotten mosses after sterilizing, 1 ~ 2mm, the perlite of 1.5 ~ 3mm, and is carried out weeding when green onion seedling is emerged;
42) at seedbed edges cover black film, weed growth is stoped.
preferably, in the management of seedbed base fertilizer, the concrete steps that fertilizer sprays are as follows: first spray the moistening green onion seedling of clear water, then spray solution, finally spray clear water again, fertilizer is entered in matrix completely.
preferably, in the management of seedbed base fertilizer, should select to carry out spraying of fertilizer in the morning of fine day, fertilizing amount is 0.1% ± 0.01% of duty.
preferably, in step 41) in, when seedling medium is filled in seedling-cultivating tray, compound marine alga microbial-bacterial fertilizer is admixed in 200 ~ 230:1 ~ 1.5 in mass ratio.
due to the utilization of technique scheme, the present invention compared with prior art has following advantages:
1) by the moisture of accurate quantification, guarantee that the situation of lack of water can not occur green onion seedling in process of growth, be conducive to the growth of green onion seedling;
2) the light temperature management in the present invention, substantially reduce the impact that ambient weather grows shallot, farthest make use of illumination, keep the temp. and humidity that suitable shallot grows, reduce the generation of damage by disease and insect simultaneously and macerate root, make the incidence of damage by disease and insect decrease about 80%, emergence rate nearly 30% can be improved, reach the object of " seedling is neat, Miao Jun, Miao Zhuan, seedling are complete ";
3) the nursery soil management in the present invention, substantially increase the availability of photosynthesis and fertilizer, the insects such as the root-knot nematode in soil and the harmful microorganism effectively in antagonism soil are effectively killed, with the antibacterial growth that inhibit harmful levels of pathogens of bacterium, simultaneously can prevent epidemic disease, damping off, the generation of the disease such as damping off, substantially increase the survival rate after later stage green onion transplantation of seedlings;
4) weeds management of the present invention, serve save time, saving of labor, laborsaving, synergy effect, decrease the Developing restraint of weeds to green onion seedling, add the availability of green onion seedling to nutrient.
Embodiment
below in conjunction with specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is further elaborated.
1, water management
to water principle: early stage high humidity, later stage low humidity, progressively reduces root system humidity; Overcast and rainy not moisturizing or slightly moisturizing; Water permeable before cutting green onion, cut green onion and do not water the same day; Period of watering is placed on sooner or later, moisturizing in morning be beneficial to control wet, water and be beneficial to growth at dusk.
11, before nursery: arrange seedbed in seedling canopy, sprinkling irrigation water 1.5 hours, guarantees that nursery soil drenches, is advisable with the nursery work not affecting second day;
12, before emerging: seedling-cultivating tray is put after to seedbed, water every day 1 ~ 2 time, each 2 ~ 3 hours, to guarantee in seedling-cultivating tray that water supply in media controls the high humidity state " lose open fire, finger pressure can water outlet ", but can not be excessively wet, with rotten kind before preventing from emerging;
13, the green onion seedling 1 leaf phase: green onion kind grows to first leaf after emerging, reduce irrigation times, guarantee that soil humidity controls " semi-wet " state " holding agglomerating; land and namely fall apart ", with the generation preventing epidemic disease, damping off, if local seedling dish because of inequality of watering cause matrix drying, young plant not long time, artificial recharge be carried out, check that whether water sprinkler head blocks, and changes in time simultaneously;
14, green onion seedling 2 ~ 3 leaf phase: moisturizing every other day, soil humidity controls, in " semi-wet " state, to guarantee green onion seedling not lack of water;
15, the green onion seedling 4 leaf phase and after: every 2 ~ 3 days mend a water, moisturizing time controling is at 30 ~ 40min;
16, transplant first 7 ~ 10 days: transplant and within first 7 days, do not water, to carry out hardening.
in this example, moisture and spraying of fertilizer have employed water-fertilizer integral equipment, and it comprises the special hanging mini sprinkler be laid in plastic greenhouse, concrete, arranges 2 irrigation pipes, about duct height 3m at each seedling growth greenhouse frame, and spacing is 1.5-1.7m; Mounting spray head on pipeline, spacing is about 2m; Irrigation Pressure is regulated according to actual conditions.Mixed by a certain percentage by liquid manure, by water pump, mixed liquor is injected irrigation pipe, water-aspirator pressure can not be less than Irrigation Pressure, realizes water-fertilizer integral.Can ensure that water spray evenly with this, efficiency of water application is high, can save liquid manure about 30%.
2, light temperature management
regulation and control principle: avoid during high temperature avoiding high temperature when high humidity, high humidity; Low temperature season will be incubated the diligent ventilation of many solarizations, high temperature season wants sunshading and temperature reducing to control moisture.
temperature of shed is by sunshade net and Ventilation Control, and temperature of shed controls between 20 ~ 25 DEG C, humid control is between 60% ~ 70%;
spring sowing seedling light temperature regulates and controls: before making straight hook from blade of sowing, at the upper sunshade net of 8:30 ~ 9:30 in the morning, sunshade net under 15:30 ~ 16:30 in the afternoon; Beat directly be hooked to 3 the leaf phase seedling, at the upper sunshade net of 9:30 ~ 10:30 in the morning, sunshade net under 15:00 ~ 16:00 in the afternoon; 3 leaf phases and later green onion seedling, at the upper sunshade net of 10:30 ~ 11:30 in the morning, sunshade net under 14:30 ~ 15:30 in the afternoon; Transplant the green onion seedling of first 7-10 days, at the upper sunshade net of 10:30 ~ 11:30 in the morning, sunshade net under 14:00-14:30 in the afternoon;
autumn sowing seedling light temperature regulates and controls: when environmental temperature is lower than 5 DEG C, lid upper greenhouse, to be incubated.
different illumination and temperature and humidity management mode is adopted in different time sections and season, the growing environment of strict control shallot, at utmost utilize illumination, keep the temp. and humidity that suitable shallot grows, prevent the too high or too low green onion seedling that affects of temperature and humidity from growing, reduce the generation of damage by disease and insect simultaneously and macerate root, the generation of damage by disease and insect reduces 80% according to statistics.In the seeding stage by controlled light and temperature, emergence rate improves 30%, simultaneously seedling growth neat, reaches " seedling is neat, Miao Jun, Miao Zhuan, seedling are complete ".
3, nursery soil management
31, whole ground bedding, arrangement drainage system;
the season that south rainwater is many, seedbed and the furrow of putting seedling-cultivating tray are made " convex " type, to have arranged the distribution of drainage system simultaneously, when rainfall is excessive, seedbed exceeds ground surface on the one hand, not easily causes the waterflooding of green onion seedling, on the other hand after rain stops, rainwater can be discharged booth by drainage system that cloth is good in time, successfully, controls soil moisture content, prevents waterflooding from causing oxygen deficiency in soil to cause rotten.
32, seedbed base fertilizer management
after green onion seedling grows first leaf, spray marine alga microbial bacterial agent 15 ~ 30kg/ mu, within 1 week, spray once; After green onion seedling goes out two leaves, spray marine alga microbial bacterial agent 15 ~ 30kg/ mu and No. 6, green base 8 ~ 15kg/ mu, within 1 week, spray once.
the concrete steps that fertilizer sprays are as follows: first spray the moistening green onion seedling of clear water, then spray solution, finally spray clear water again, fertilizer is entered in matrix completely, does not cause burning seedling to green onion seedling.
during fertilising, should select to carry out spraying of fertilizer in the morning of fine day, fertilizing amount is 0.1% ± 0.01% of duty.
here, containing compositions such as marine organisms algae, the earth deep layer humus, beneficial bacteriums in the bio-bacterial manure that base fertilizer adopts, nutrition wherein can directly be absorbed by green onion seedling fast, but have and kill nematode, purification soil, improve soil, increase its gas permeability, anti-continuous cropping, strong plantlets and rootage, improve the effects such as green onion seedling resistance, " antibacterial with bacterium " be disease-resistant.
4, weeds management
41, adopt the peat composed of rotten mosses after by sterilizing, the vermiculite of 1 ~ 2mm, the perlite of 1.5 ~ 3mm to mix rear as seedling medium by mass ratio 4 ~ 6:1 ~ 3:1 ~ 3 that feed intake, and carry out weeding when green onion seedling is emerged.
when nursery is filled in seedling-cultivating tray, also can admix compound marine alga microbial-bacterial fertilizer in 200 ~ 230:1 ~ 1.5 in mass ratio, green onion seedling can be provided on the one hand to grow desired nutritional, improve photosynthesis and utilization rate of fertilizer, and there is not burning seedling phenomenon; It contains desinsection/microbial inoculum, chitin, high-energy transfer factor and beneficial bacterium on the other hand, effectively kill the harmful microorganism in the insects such as the root-knot nematode in soil and effective antagonism soil, with the growth of the antibacterial suppression harmful bacteria of bacterium, diseases such as preventing and treating epidemic disease, damping off, be vertical withered.Prevent in advance, the incidence of disease, lower than 10%, is one of reason of survival rate more than 96% after later stage green onion transplantation of seedlings.
42, at seedbed edges cover black film, weed growth is stoped.
use the method nursery to remove weeds save time, saving of labor, laborsaving, synergy, significantly reduce the labour intensity in production process and input, improve labor productivity significantly, reduce weeds to the Developing restraint of green onion seedling, increase green onion seedling to the availability of nutrient.
above-described embodiment is only for illustrating technical conceive of the present invention and feature; its object is to person skilled in the art can be understood content of the present invention and be implemented; can not limit the scope of the invention with this; all equivalences done according to Spirit Essence of the present invention change or modify, and all should be encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the management method of envirment factor in shallot seedling raising process, it is characterized in that, described management method comprises the steps:
1) water management
11), before nursery: arrange seedbed in seedling canopy, sprinkling irrigation water 1.5 ~ 2.0 hours, guarantees that nursery soil drenches;
12) before emerging: seedling-cultivating tray is put after to seedbed, water every day 1 ~ 2 time, each 2 ~ 3 hours, to guarantee in seedling-cultivating tray that water supply in media controls the high humidity state " lose open fire, finger pressure can water outlet ";
13) the green onion seedling 1 leaf phase: green onion kind grows to first leaf after emerging, and reduces irrigation times, guarantees that soil humidity controls " semi-wet " state " hold agglomerating, land and namely fall apart ";
14) green onion seedling 2 ~ 3 leaf phase: moisturizing every other day, soil humidity controls in " semi-wet " state;
15) the green onion seedling 4 leaf phase and after: every 2 ~ 3 days mend a water, moisturizing time controling is at 30 ~ 40min;
16) transplant first 7 ~ 10 days: transplant and within first 7 days, do not water, to carry out hardening;
2) light temperature management
Temperature of shed is by sunshade net and Ventilation Control, and temperature of shed controls between 20 ~ 25 DEG C, humid control is between 60% ~ 70%;
Spring sowing seedling light temperature regulates and controls: before making straight hook from blade of sowing, at the upper sunshade net of 8:30 ~ 9:30 in the morning, sunshade net under 15:30 ~ 16:30 in the afternoon; Beat directly be hooked to 3 the leaf phase seedling, at the upper sunshade net of 9:30 ~ 10:30 in the morning, sunshade net under 15:00 ~ 16:00 in the afternoon; 3 leaf phases and later green onion seedling, at the upper sunshade net of 10:30 ~ 11:30 in the morning, sunshade net under 14:30 ~ 15:30 in the afternoon; Transplant the green onion seedling of first 7-10 days, at the upper sunshade net of 10:30 ~ 11:30 in the morning, sunshade net under 14:00-14:30 in the afternoon;
Autumn sowing seedling light temperature regulates and controls: when environmental temperature is lower than 5 DEG C, lid upper greenhouse, to be incubated;
3) nursery soil management
31) whole ground bedding, arrangement drainage system;
32) seedbed base fertilizer management
After green onion seedling grows first leaf, spray marine alga microbial bacterial agent 15 ~ 30kg/ mu, within 1 week, spray once; After green onion seedling goes out two leaves, spray marine alga microbial bacterial agent 15 ~ 30kg/ mu and No. 6, green base 8 ~ 15kg/ mu, within 1 week, spray once;
4) weeds management
41) employing is mixed rear as seedling medium by mass ratio 4 ~ 6:1 ~ 3:1 ~ 3 that feed intake by the vermiculite of the peat composed of rotten mosses after sterilizing, 1 ~ 2mm, the perlite of 1.5 ~ 3mm, and is carried out weeding when green onion seedling is emerged;
42) at seedbed edges cover black film, weed growth is stoped.
2. the management method of envirment factor in shallot seedling raising process according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in the management of seedbed base fertilizer, the concrete steps that fertilizer sprays are as follows: first spray the moistening green onion seedling of clear water, spray solution again, finally spray clear water again, fertilizer is entered in matrix completely.
3. water and fertilizer management method in shallot raise seedling in greenhouse process according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, in the management of seedbed base fertilizer, should select to carry out spraying of fertilizer in the morning of fine day, fertilizing amount is 0.1% ± 0.01% of duty.
4. the management method of envirment factor in shallot seedling raising process according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 41) in, when seedling medium is filled in seedling-cultivating tray, compound marine alga microbial-bacterial fertilizer is admixed in 200 ~ 230:1 ~ 1.5 in mass ratio.
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| CN107329511A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-11-07 | 西北农林科技大学 | Based on the vegetable aquaculture luminous environment high efficiency regulatory method and system between suitable root warm area |
| CN107371745A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2017-11-24 | 盐城沃华农业科技有限公司 | A kind of industrial seedling rearing shallot seedling stage neat seedling-growing method |
| CN111280040A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-06-16 | 山东农业大学 | Green onion cultivation method under LED light modulation control |
| CN115575583A (en) * | 2022-11-17 | 2023-01-06 | 山东土木启生物科技有限公司 | Artificial intelligence-based microbial fertilizer production quality evaluation system |
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| CN111280040A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-06-16 | 山东农业大学 | Green onion cultivation method under LED light modulation control |
| CN111280040B (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2021-12-03 | 山东农业大学 | Green onion cultivation method under LED light modulation control |
| CN115575583A (en) * | 2022-11-17 | 2023-01-06 | 山东土木启生物科技有限公司 | Artificial intelligence-based microbial fertilizer production quality evaluation system |
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| CN105557280B (en) | 2018-03-16 |
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