CN105498841A - 含双膦配体的络合催化剂 - Google Patents

含双膦配体的络合催化剂 Download PDF

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CN105498841A
CN105498841A CN201510933180.3A CN201510933180A CN105498841A CN 105498841 A CN105498841 A CN 105498841A CN 201510933180 A CN201510933180 A CN 201510933180A CN 105498841 A CN105498841 A CN 105498841A
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complex catalyst
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rhodium
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phosphite ester
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杨旭石
赖春波
范曼曼
廖本仁
高山林
李媛
陈毅立
陈建伟
张春雷
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Shanghai Huayi Group Corp
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    • B01J31/2404Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种含双膦配体的络合催化剂,包括铑、双齿亚磷酸酯、双膦配体,结构通式如下:

Description

含双膦配体的络合催化剂
技术领域
本发明涉及一种含双膦配体的络合催化剂。
背景技术
烯烃氢甲酰化反应可以将廉价易得的基本化工原料如烯烃等方便有效地转化为醛类等多种重要的化学化工产品,是迄今为止生产规模最大的均相催化过程。[Trzeciak,A.M.;J.J.Coord.Chem.Rev.1999,190-192,883-900]。自上世纪七十年代以来,含磷配体所修饰的铑催化剂以其高活性、优秀的选择性和温和的反应条件等突出的优点主导了烯烃的氢甲酰化反应研究,成为工业氢甲酰化工艺过程的催化剂,国际上常见的氢甲酰化工艺供应商如BASF、EvonikOXENO、Perstorp、DOW等均采用含磷配体所修饰的铑催化剂。其中,含磷配体的成分和结构是磷/铑催化体系反应效能的关键性因素,它直接决定了催化剂的活性、选择性和使用寿命等重要指标。
目前已有工业化报道的催化剂体系主要有三类:即Rh/三苯基膦(TPP)催化剂体系、Rh/水溶性三苯基膦(TPPS)和Rh/双齿亚磷酸酯(Phosphite)催化剂体系。Rh/TPP是目前丙烯氢甲酰化合成丁醛广泛使用的催化剂体系,但存在的问题是配体用量大(TPP与Rh的摩尔比一般为200:1)、产物丁醛的正/异比不高(<20)、在催化剂循环过程中易出现配体分解、金属铑析出的现象,导致催化剂的失活。在Rh/TPPS催化剂体系中,水溶性配体可通过相分离实现催化剂的循环,但纯的水溶性配体不易制得,反应过程中易出现乳化现象,导致工业应用效果不佳,如三菱化学3万吨/年Rh/TPPS丁烯氢甲酰化装置已在2000年宣布停产。
与目前工业上广泛使用的膦配体相比较,亚磷酸酯配体在Rh(I)催化的烯烃氢甲酰化反应中可表现出更好的催化活性和选择性[vanderSlot,S.C.;Duran,J.;Luten,J.;Kamer,P.C.J.;vanLeeuwen,P.W.N.M.Organometallics2002,21,3873-3883.Magee,M.P.;Luo,W.;Hersh,W.H.Organometallics2002,21,362-372.比林等,中国专利CN1029774C]。尽管这种催化剂较先前的技术有明显的优点并已经开始受到学术界和工业界的普遍重视,但是由于反应体系中难以避免的微量氧气或水的存在,容易导致催化剂氧化或水解而分解失活,进而使反应活性和选择性迅速下降,这成为困扰双齿亚磷酸酯/铑催化的烯烃氢甲酰化工业技术开发的一个难题。专利CN1072691C通过添加有机胺和金属盐来提高亚磷酸酯化合物储存的稳定性,然而添加的有机胺会加剧后续氢甲酰化反应中醛类化合物的缩聚;专利CN103702758A通过添加取代胺或环氧化合物并储存在合成气和/或惰性气体覆盖层下来实现双齿亚磷酸酯基催化剂在停工期间的储存和稳定化,然而在实际操作中仍有可能接触空气加剧双齿亚磷酸酯的分解。两种方法在催化组合物中均引入了新物质,来间接提升配体或催化剂的稳定性,因而仍需要寻找一种通过直接提升络合催化剂本身的稳定性的方法,甚至在接触一定空气氛围仍能满足催化剂的稳定性。
专利CN104058944A、CN103990495A报道了一种包含铑催化剂前体、双齿膦配体和双齿亚磷酸酯配体的催化剂,虽然该催化剂体系可提高产物醛正异比,减少了双齿亚磷酸酯的添加量,但未提及具体络合物催化剂的分子结构,更未提及稳定的络合物分子结构。
课题组前期研究[廖本仁等,分子催化,2015,29(1),19-26]发现,添加双齿亚磷酸酯配体和双膦配体可显著提高1-丁烯氢甲酰化产物醛的正异比,虽然推测了添加特定双齿亚磷酸酯和DPPB时的催化剂的分子结构,解释了提高催化剂的正异比选择性的原因,但未提及其他双齿亚磷酸酯配体和双膦配体作为添加剂时的催化剂的分子结构,也未提及此金属络合物本身的稳定性。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种新的含双膦配体的络合催化剂,该催化剂具有催化剂高温下稳定的优点。
为解决上述问题,本发明采用的技术方案如下:一种含双膦配体的络合催化剂,包括铑、双齿亚磷酸酯、双膦配体,其结构通式如下:
其中:
(1)X是C6-C28的取代的或未取代的有机二价桥联亚芳基;
(2)Y1、Y2、Z1或Z2为氢、叔丁基或甲氧基;
(3)n为1-8的整数,Ar1-4为6-22个碳原子的芳香族基团,且所述的四个Ar基团相同或不相同。
上述技术方案中,优选地,所述双齿膦配体具有如下的结构式:
上述技术方案中,优选地,所述双齿亚磷酸酯配体具有如下结构式:
上述技术方案中,优选地,所述组合物的结构如下:
上述技术方案中,优选地,络合催化剂通过乙酰丙酮二羰基铑(I)和双齿亚磷酸酯、双膦配体在合成气氛围下加热制备;乙酰丙酮二羰基铑(I)和双齿亚磷酸酯、双膦配体的摩尔比为1:1-2:1-2。
上述技术方案中,优选地,铑的浓度为10~1000mg/L。
上述技术方案中,更优选地,铑的浓度为150~600mg/L。
本发明所述铑/(双齿亚磷酸酯-双膦配体)可用于氢甲酰化等反应,在工业闪蒸的加热条件下,铑/(双齿亚磷酸酯-单膦配体)络合催化剂仍然很稳定,具有热稳定性好的优点。
下面通过实施例对本发明作进一步的阐述,但不仅限于本实施例。
具体实施方式
下列实施例有助于进一步说明本发明,但并不对本发明构成任何限制。
配体L1-13具有如下的结构:
实施例1
在空气气氛下向200mL装有压力表的不锈钢高压釜中加入[Rh(acac)(CO)2](0.07mmol,18.1mg)和0.14mmol的1,3-双(二苯基膦)丙烷L3双齿膦配体和0.14mmol的L12双齿亚磷酸酯配体,以及70mL无水甲苯,连接气体管线,以合成气(氢气:一氧化碳=1:1)置换釜内气体三次以后,用电磁驱动的机械搅拌器搅拌,加热升温至釜内温100℃,通入合成气至总压为2.0MPa,在100℃,2.0MPa的条件下反应1h,制得铑/(双齿亚磷酸酯-双膦配体)络合催化剂HRh(L12)(L3)(CO)。其分子结构如下所示: 31PNMR(Toluene,162MHz)L12与铑配位的P1:δ180.7ppm,L12与铑配位的P2:δ176.0ppm,L3与铑配位的的P3:24.0ppm,络合物中L3的P4:-19.6ppm,1JRhP1=248Hz,1JRhP2=248Hz,1JRhP3=139Hz,2JP1P2=262Hz,2JP1P3=172Hz,2JP3P2=152Hz;1HNMRδ-11.2ppm(m);IR(Toluene,cm-1)ν(Rh-H)和ν(CO)2033(vs),1948(s)。由于添加的配体L12和L3过量,可以观察到游离L12的31PNMR(Toluene,162MHz)δ145.4ppm,L3的31PNMR(Toluene,162MHz)δ-18.7ppm。
对催化剂HRh(L12)(L3)(CO)用于氢甲酰化反应。在空气气氛下向200mL装有压力表的不锈钢高压釜中加入所述催化剂,用合成气置换釜内气体三次,加入1-丁烯原料,控制1-丁烯/Rh摩尔比为1960,加热升温至釜内温100℃,压力保持2.0MPa,直通合成气反应1h。结果表明:1-丁烯转化率达54%,产物醛正异比达49。
实施例2
在空气气氛下向200mL装有压力表的不锈钢高压釜中加入[Rh(acac)(CO)2](0.07mmol,18.1mg)和0.14mmol的BISBI配体L1双齿膦配体和0.14mmol的L12双齿亚磷酸酯配体,以及70mL无水甲苯,连接气体管线,以合成气(氢气:一氧化碳=1:1)置换釜内气体三次以后,用电磁驱动的机械搅拌器搅拌,加热升温至釜内温100℃,通入合成气至总压为2.0MPa,在100℃,2.0MPa的条件下反应1h,制得铑/(双齿亚磷酸酯-双膦配体)络合催化剂HRh(L12)(L1)(CO)。其分子结构如下所示: 31PNMR(Toluene,162MHz)L12与铑配位的P1:δ179.8ppm,L12与铑配位的P2:δ175.9ppm,L1与铑配位的的P3:30.1ppm,络合物中L1的P4:-11.2ppm,1JRhP1=249Hz,1JRhP2=248Hz,1JRhP3=141Hz,2JP1P2=274Hz,2JP1P3=170Hz,2JP3P2=156Hz;另一组峰如下:31PNMR(Toluene,162MHz)L12与铑配位的P1:δ178.9ppm,L12与铑配位的P2:δ175.4ppm,L1与铑配位的的P3:28.9ppm,络合物中L1的P4:-11.9ppm,1JRhP1=248Hz,1JRhP2=248Hz,1JRhP3=141Hz,2JP1P2=271Hz,2JP1P3=168Hz,2JP3P2=156Hz;1HNMRδ-11.1ppm(m);IR(Toluene,cm-1)ν(Rh-H)和ν(CO)2034(vs),1949(s)。由于添加的配体L12和L1过量,可以观察到游离L12的31PNMR(Toluene,162MHz)δ145.5ppm,L的31PNMR(Toluene,162MHz)δ-11.6ppm。
对催化剂HRh(L12)(L1)(CO)用于氢甲酰化反应。在空气气氛下向200mL装有压力表的不锈钢高压釜中加入所述催化剂,用合成气置换釜内气体三次,加入1-丁烯原料,控制1-丁烯/Rh摩尔比为1960,加热升温至釜内温100℃,压力保持2.0MPa,直通合成气反应1h。结果表明:1-丁烯转化率达65%,产物醛正异比达22。
实施例3
在空气气氛下向200mL装有压力表的不锈钢高压釜中加入[Rh(acac)(CO)2](0.07mmol,18.1mg)和0.14mmol的1,4-双(二苯基膦)丁烷L4双齿膦配体和0.14mmol的L10双齿亚磷酸酯配体,以及70mL无水甲苯,连接气体管线,以合成气(氢气:一氧化碳=1:1)置换釜内气体三次以后,用电磁驱动的机械搅拌器搅拌,加热升温至釜内温100℃,通入合成气至总压为2.0MPa,在100℃,2.0MPa的条件下反应1h,制得铑/(双齿亚磷酸酯-双膦配体)络合催化剂HRh(L10)(L4)(CO)。其分子结构如下所示: 31PNMR(Toluene,162MHz)L10与铑配位的P1:δ179.8ppm,L10与铑配位的P2:δ176.2ppm,L4与铑配位的的P3:24.4ppm,络合物中L4的P4:-15.6ppm,1JRhP1=249Hz,1JRhP2=244Hz,1JRhP3=139Hz,2JP1P2=269Hz,2JP1P3=175Hz,2JP3P2=142Hz;1HNMRδ-11.1(ddd)J=4Hz,2JP2H=22Hz,J=9Hz;IR(Toluene,cm-1)ν(Rh-H)和ν(CO)2072(m),2033(s),1946(m)。由于添加的配体L10和L4过量,可以观察到游离L10的31PNMR(Toluene,162MHz)δ144.9ppm,L4的31PNMR(Toluene,162MHz)δ-16.8ppm。
对催化剂HRh(L10)(L4)(CO)用于氢甲酰化反应。在空气气氛下向200mL装有压力表的不锈钢高压釜中加入所述催化剂,用合成气置换釜内气体三次,加入1-丁烯原料,控制1-丁烯/Rh摩尔比为1960,保持L4/L10/Rh摩尔比为2:2:1,加热升温至釜内温100℃,压力保持2.0MPa,直通合成气反应1h。结果表明:1-丁烯转化率达52%,产物醛正异比达68。
实施例4
在空气气氛下向200mL装有压力表的不锈钢高压釜中加入[Rh(acac)(CO)2](0.07mmol,18.1mg)和0.14mmol的1,3-双(二苯基膦)丙烷L3双齿膦配体和0.14mmol的L10双齿亚磷酸酯配体,以及70mL无水甲苯,连接气体管线,以合成气(氢气:一氧化碳=1:1)置换釜内气体三次以后,用电磁驱动的机械搅拌器搅拌,加热升温至釜内温100℃,通入合成气至总压为2.0MPa,在100℃,2.0MPa的条件下反应1h,制得铑/(双齿亚磷酸酯-双膦配体)络合催化剂HRh(L10)(L3)(CO)。其分子结构如下所示:NMR(Toluene,162MHz)L10与铑配位的P1:δ180.0ppm,L12与铑配位的P2:δ176.0ppm,L3与铑配位的的P3:24.2ppm,络合物中L3的P4:-19.1ppm,1JRhP1=249Hz,1JRhP2=244Hz,1JRhP3=139Hz,2JP1P2=267Hz,2JP1P3=173Hz,2JP3P2=139Hz;1HNMRδ-11.1(m),2JP2H=22Hz;IR(Toluene,cm-1)ν(Rh-H)和ν(CO)2072(s),2033(s),1948(m)。由于添加的配体L12和L3过量,可以观察到游离L10的31PNMR(Toluene,162MHz)δ144.9ppm,L3的31PNMR(Toluene,162MHz)δ-18.1ppm。
对催化剂HRh(L10)(L3)(CO)用于氢甲酰化反应。在空气气氛下向200mL装有压力表的不锈钢高压釜中加入所述催化剂,用合成气置换釜内气体三次,加入1-丁烯原料,控制丙烯/Rh摩尔比为1960,保持L3/L10/Rh摩尔比为2:2:1,加热升温至釜内温100℃,压力保持2.0MPa,直通合成气反应1h。结果表明:1-丁烯转化率达57%,产物醛正异比达55。
实施例5
在空气气氛下向200mL装有压力表的不锈钢高压釜中加入[Rh(acac)(CO)2](0.07mmol,18.1mg)和0.14mmol的BISBI配体L1双齿膦配体和0.14mmol的L10双齿亚磷酸酯配体,以及70mL无水甲苯,连接气体管线,以合成气(氢气:一氧化碳=1:1)置换釜内气体三次以后,用电磁驱动的机械搅拌器搅拌,加热升温至釜内温100℃,通入合成气至总压为2.0MPa,在100℃,2.0MPa的条件下反应1h,制得铑/(双齿亚磷酸酯-双膦配体)络合催化剂HRh(L10)(L1)(CO)。其分子结构如下所示:由于配体L10与BISBI与铑络合后分子刚性,形成非对映异构体,在31PNMR上出现两组峰,其中一组峰如下:31PNMR(Toluene,162MHz)L10与铑配位的P1:δ179.1ppm,L10与铑配位的P2:δ175.9ppm,L1与铑配位的的P3:30.7ppm,络合物中L1的P4:-10.8ppm,1JRhP1=249Hz,1JRhP2=246Hz,1JRhP3=141Hz,2JP1P2=271Hz,2JP1P3=175Hz,2JP3P2=156Hz;另一组峰如下:31PNMR(Toluene,162MHz)L10与铑配位的P1:δ178.3ppm,L10与铑配位的P2:δ175.6ppm,L1与铑配位的的P3:30.1ppm,络合物中L1的P4:-11.5ppm,1JRhP1=249Hz,1JRhP2=246Hz,1JRhP3=141Hz,2JP1P2=269Hz,2JP1P3=168Hz,2JP3P2=152Hz;1HNMRδ-11.2ppm(m);IR(Toluene,cm-1)ν(Rh-H)和ν(CO)2035(vs),1946(s)。由于添加的配体L10和L1过量,可以观察到游离L10的31PNMR(Toluene,162MHz)δ144.8ppm,L1的31PNMR(Toluene,162MHz)δ-11.1ppm。
对催化剂HRh(L10)(L1)(CO)用于氢甲酰化反应。在空气气氛下向200mL装有压力表的不锈钢高压釜中加入所述催化剂,用合成气置换釜内气体三次,加入1-丁烯原料,控制1-丁烯/Rh摩尔比为1960,加热升温至釜内温100℃,压力保持2.0MPa,直通合成气反应1h。结果表明:1-丁烯转化率达65%,产物醛正异比达20。
催化剂热稳定性比较
对比例1
在空气气氛下向200mL装有压力表的不锈钢高压釜中加入[Rh(acac)(CO)2](0.07mmol,18.1mg)和0.014mmol的L12双齿亚磷酸酯配体,以及70mL无水甲苯,连接气体管线,以合成气(氢气:一氧化碳=1:1)置换釜内气体三次以后,用电磁驱动的机械搅拌器搅拌,加热升温至釜内温100℃,通入合成气至总压为2.0MPa,在100℃,2.0MPa的条件下反应1h,制得铑/(双齿亚磷酸酯L12)络合催化剂,其结构为:HRh(L12)(CO)231PNMR(Toluene,162MHz)δ173.6ppm,1JRhP=239Hz;1HNMRδ-11.7ppm(br);IR(Toluene,cm-1)ν(Rh-H)和ν(CO)2051(m),2018(s)。由于添加的配体L12过量,可以观察到游离的L12的31PNMR(Toluene,162MHz)δ145.8ppm。
对比例2
在空气气氛下向200mL装有压力表的不锈钢高压釜中加入[Rh(acac)(CO)2](0.07mmol,18.1mg)和0.14mmol的L10双齿亚磷酸酯配体,以及70mL无水甲苯,连接气体管线,以合成气(氢气:一氧化碳=1:1)置换釜内气体三次以后,用电磁驱动的机械搅拌器搅拌,加热升温至釜内温100℃,通入合成气至总压为2.0MPa,在100℃,2.0MPa的条件下反应1h,制得铑/(双齿亚磷酸酯L10)络合催化剂,其结构为:HRh(L10)(CO)231PNMR(Toluene,162MHz)δ172.3ppm,1JRhP=233Hz;1HNMRδ-10.4ppm(dt),2JPH=11.2Hz,1JRhH=4.0Hz;IR(Toluene,cm-1)ν(Rh-H)和ν(CO)2047(m),2010(s)。由于添加的配体L10过量,可以观察到L10的31PNMR(Toluene,162MHz)δ145.2ppm。
对比例3
将上述按照对比例1新鲜制得的铑/(双齿亚磷酸酯L12)络合催化剂置于反应瓶中,用氮气置换掉空气后,升温至140℃、120℃热处理24h。通过核磁31P谱观测组分变化情况。见表1。
对比例4
将上述按照对比例2新鲜制得的铑/(双齿亚磷酸酯L10)络合催化剂置于反应瓶中,用氮气置换掉空气后,升温至140℃、120℃热处理24h。通过核磁31P谱观测组分变化情况。见表1。
实施例6
将上述按照实施例1新鲜制得的铑/(双齿亚磷酸酯-双膦配体)络合催化剂置于反应瓶中,用氮气置换掉空气后,升温至140℃、120℃热处理24h。通过核磁31P谱观测组分变化情况。见表1。
实施例7
将上述按照实施例2新鲜制得的铑/(双齿亚磷酸酯-双膦配体)络合催化剂置于反应瓶中,用氮气置换掉空气后,升温至140℃、120℃热处理24h。通过核磁31P谱观测组分变化情况。见表1。
实施例8
将上述按照实施例3新鲜制得的铑/(双齿亚磷酸酯-双膦配体)络合催化剂置于反应瓶中,用氮气置换掉空气后,升温至140℃、120℃热处理24h。通过核磁31P谱观测组分变化情况。见表1。
实施例9
将上述按照实施例4新鲜制得的铑/(双齿亚磷酸酯-双膦配体)络合催化剂置于反应瓶中,用氮气置换掉空气后,升温至140℃、120℃热处理24h。通过核磁31P谱观测组分变化情况。见表1。
实施例10
将上述按照实施例5新鲜制得的铑/(双齿亚磷酸酯-双膦配体)络合催化剂置于反应瓶中,用氮气置换掉空气后,升温至140℃、120℃热处理24h。通过核磁31P谱观测组分变化情况。见表1。
表1催化剂热稳定性比较结果

Claims (7)

1.一种含双膦配体的络合催化剂,包括铑、双齿亚磷酸酯、双膦配体,其结构通式如下:
其中:
(1)X是C6-C28的取代的或未取代的有机二价桥联亚芳基;
(2)Y1、Y2、Z1或Z2为氢、叔丁基或甲氧基;
(3)n为1-8的整数,Ar1-4为6-22个碳原子的芳香族基团,且所述的四个Ar基团相同或不相同。
2.根据权利要求1所述含双膦配体的络合催化剂,其特征在于所述双齿膦配体具有如下的结构式:
3.根据权利要求1所述含双膦配体的络合催化剂,其特征在于所述双齿亚磷酸酯配体具有如下结构式:
4.根据权利要求1所述含双膦配体的络合催化剂,其特征在于所述络合催化剂的结构如下:
5.根据权利要求1所述含双膦配体的络合催化剂,其特征在于络合催化剂通过乙酰丙酮二羰基铑(I)和双齿亚磷酸酯、双膦配体在合成气氛围下加热制备;乙酰丙酮二羰基铑(I)和双齿亚磷酸酯、双膦配体的摩尔比为1:1-2:1-2。
6.根据权利要求1所述含双膦配体的络合催化剂,其特征在于铑的浓度为10~1000mg/L。
7.根据权利要求6所述含双膦配体的络合催化剂,其特征在于铑的浓度为150~600mg/L。
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