CN105454163A

CN105454163A - Black goat breeding method

Info

Publication number: CN105454163A
Application number: CN201510875691.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蓝琳钰
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2015-12-04
Filing date: 2015-12-04
Publication date: 2016-04-06

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of livestock breeding, and specifically relates to a black goat breeding method. The black goat breeding method comprises construction of sheep houses, castration in time, rational combination of green, coarse and fine fodders, enough supply of drinking water, perfect management, marketing in good time and prevention and treatment of common diseases.

Description

A kind of raising method of black goat

Technical field

The present invention relates to breeding technique field, specifically a kind of raising method of black goat.

Background technology

Black goat mutton fine and tender taste, fat, cholesterol level are few, it is the meat product that a kind of tonic effect is stronger, it can drive chill, health can be mended again, always by one of the important foodstuffs of nourishing as winter, very popular, along with the increase of mutton demand, the aquaculture of mutton sheep is also developed growth, and traditional sheep raising mode is to herd, be distributed in the place that SUBMOUNTAINOUS AREA has grazing condition, the little sheep raising in flat area, along with carrying out of the engineerings such as conceding the land to forestry and grass, ecological construction, gives the space that sheep herds fewer and feweri.The cultivation of current mutton sheep is mainly based on drylot feeding, and the continuous rise of feed price in recent years, the cost that mutton sheep is raised significantly increases, and the economic benefit of raiser is reduced.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: the raising method providing a kind of black goat.

The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: the raising method providing a kind of black goat, comprises the steps:

One, sheep hurdle is built

Goat shed is the place that goat lives for a long time, and its main task is for goat provides safe environmental condition.So, desirable goat shed function such as the solarization of anti-rain, the anti-sun, anti-transmission, anti-wild beast will be had to cause harm.According to biological property and the natural conditions of goat, sheep hurdle is built will meet following requirement:

1. sheep hurdle area.Sheep hurdle should have enough areas, makes goat not too crowded in house, can be freely movable.Every goat on average occupies minimum area and is: kind he-goat is 1.2-1.5 square metre, and adult she-goat is 0.8-1.0 square metre, and lactation she-goat is 2.0-2.5 square metre, and children male and female goat in age is 0.5-0.6 square metre, and castrating goat is 0.6-0.8 square metre.

2. will have sports ground outside goat shed, the area of sports ground is 2-5 times of goat shed area.The height of sports ground enclosure wall, kid is 1.5 meters, and she-goat is 2 meters, and he-goat is 2.2 meters.Sports ground planted agent sets up drinking device, careless frame, crib etc.

3. high temperature and humidity area, heatstroke prevention, damp proofly overweight cold-proof, therefore sheep hurdle will build up inner drying, air circulation, open type sheep hurdle bright and clear, cool in summer and warm in winter, eaves height more than 3 meters, the liftoff 1-1.5 rice of sheep bed of erection in house, house is outer should plant tree in order to reducing temperature of heatstroke prevention.

4. roof is completely waterproof, and draining is good, and fire-resistant is durable, have certain slope, except flat-top and dome, if with bark, watt, forage cooks roof, needs the gradient of 15,35,50 degree respectively, in order to waterproof and draining.Hot climate, sheep hurdle roof should lay particular emphasis on heatstroke prevention, so should establish thermal insulation layer with during cement roof.

5. sheep hurdle ground will exceed the outer ground 20-30 centimetre of house, and ground is fine and close, solid, smooth, free from flaw, should have certain gradient from inside to outside, and low being located in outside should offer slurry gutte.

6., window, wall are sturdy and durable.

7. to have manure storage pond outside sheep hurdle.

Two, timely castration

The ram that should not reserve seed for planting, except part ram gives over to examination feelings ram, remaining should carry out castration at birth 7-60 age in days, and the ram disposition after castration is docile, is convenient to management.

Three, reasonably combined green grass or young crops, thick, fine fodder

Sheep belongs to herbivore, feed should based on herbage, leaf, fine fodder is auxiliary, in summer and autumn, a little forage, leaf or herbage (general plantation osmanthus is herded No. one 0.15 mu and can be formed year sheep one) should be fed more, grass family (as osmanthus herd No. one, napier grass, class corn etc.) be 4: 1 with pulse family (as white popinac, appointing Caragana arborescens, husky skin leaf etc.) the herbage ratio of throwing something and feeding, suitably supplement fine fodder.Forage grass compares shortage in Winter-Spring, place with good conditionsi, Winter paddy field should be utilized to plant perennial ryegrass and supplement, also by feeding the problem of a little mixed feed solution forage grass deficiency more.Prescription of mixed materials: corn flour 54%, grass meal 40%, soya bean or groundnut cake 4%, wheat bran 2%, additional mineral matter is appropriate, every sheep feeding every day salt 5 grams.

Four, for foot drinking-water

For digesting the roughage of eating, goat must secrete a large amount of digestive juices every day, and body-internal-circulation simultaneously, nutrient conveying also be unable to do without moisture.So the consequence of goat lack of water is often more serious than scarce material, easily cause degradation under appetite decline, indigestion, the growth of livestock.Therefore, should supply abundance and clean drinking-water, winter should drink warm water.

Five, manage with delicacy

1, clean sheep hurdle ground every day once, colony house and around will regularly sterilizing, every two weeks remove sheep downstairs sheep excrement once, and by it away from sheep hurdle heap fermentation.Heavy tire ewe, wet sheep and institute thereof are with lamb will be isolated from cubicle raising (2m ²/), cause ewe miscarry and kill lamb in case crowded, cubicle should keep dry sanitation and hygiene, and sunny, air is fresh, and temperature is advisable with 18-20 DEG C.

2, the feeding and management of stud ram

Be that physique is solid to the requirement of stud ram, keep better-than-average fat, be highly sexed, semen quality is good.And the quantity of seminal fluid and quality, depend on full price and the reasonably management of feed.The raising of stud ram, requires that feed nutritive value is high, has the protein of enough high-qualitys, vitamin A, vitamin D and mineral salt etc., and easy to digest, good palatability.In comparatively ideal feed, fresh hay class has khuskhus, white popinac, pigeonpea, clover, peanut stems etc., and fine fodder has corn, dregs of beans etc., other have osmanthus herd No. one, carrot, pumpkin, bran, bone meal etc.Animal protein is also very important to stud ram, the breeding season or semen collection frequency higher time, supplementary feeding raw egg, milk etc.Stud ram should raise (or fastening foster), independently moving and supplementary feeding by individual pen, except breeding, does not put together with ewe.General semen collection every day 1-3 time mating season, will allow its peace and quiet have a rest after semen collection.Regularly quarantine, immunization campaign and control ecto-and endoparasites, and note observing the daily state of mind.

3, the feeding and management of ewe

(1), before breeding: before breeding, to fatten rejuvenation to ewe, in order to breed, gestation stocks nutrition.On Ration formulation, to maintain based on normal metabolism, to ewe more thin and weak after wean, also suitably to have additional nutrients, reach multiple fat object.Dry fodder such as cornstalk, peanut stems etc. let alone free choice feeding, and every day with good conditionsi herds 4 hours, and every day is an another supplementary feeding mixed concentrate 0.15-0.4 kilogram often.Mixed concentrate is filled a prescription: corn 60%, soybean cake 25%, bran 15%.

(2) pregnancy duration: at first 3 months of gestation, because development of fetus is comparatively slow, nutritional need is substantially identical with the nonpregnant phase.At latter 2 months of gestation, because development of fetus is very fast, 80% of fetal weight grew in these two months.Therefore, within these two months, should have the nutrition of abundance, full price, metaboilic level should improve 15-20%, and calcium, phosphorus content should increase 40-50%, and will have enough vitamin As and vitamin D.Every day every supplementary feeding mixed concentrate 0.6-0.8 kilogram, bone meal 3-5 gram.Within antenatal about 10 days, also should feed some succulent foods more.Heavy ewe should be strengthened management, and prevent crowded, anti-jump ditch, prevents frightened group, slips, and daily routines, based on " slow, steady ", can not eat go mouldy feed and freezing feed, in case miscarriage.

(3) lactation: 1-2 month postpartum was lactation.2 months postpartum, breast milk was the important nutrient of lamb, after being especially born in 15-20 days, was almost unique nutriment, so should ensure the full value feeding of ewe.To later lactation, due to lamb search for food feed increase, can reduce gradually until stop the feed supplement to ewe.Note in 1-3 days postpartum, wet sheep can not overfeed fine fodder.Before lamb wean, succulent food and fine fodder hello amount should be reduced gradually, prevent mammary gland disease.For improving the fertility of ewe, lamb birth 15-20 days, start supplementary feeding commodity sucking pig complete diet pellet, and progressively feed a little green fodder, general lamb is weaned to about 2 monthly ages.

4, the nursing of lamb and cultivation

The colostrum phase: 5 days postpartum of ewe with endocrine milk colostrum.It is nutrition unique after Birth in Lambs.Nutriment and the antibody such as rich in protein (17-23%), fat (9-16%) are contained in first Ruzhong, have nutrition, disease-resistant and laxative effective.Have colostrum in time after Birth in Lambs, can build up health, strengthen resistance against diseases, promote that meconium is discharged.New-bom lamb should be eaten as early as possible, eat colostrum more, eats more early, more, and increase weight faster, physique is stronger, and morbidity is few, and survival rate is high.

Normal breast phase (6-60 days): this one-phase, milk is the Major Foods of lamb, is aided with a small amount of forage.From 45 ages in days of coming into being, it it is lamb body long fastest-rising period; From birth to 75 ages in days are lamb weight fastest-rising periods.Though now the lactation amount of ewe is also high, nutrition is also fine, and lamb early will open food, trains the material that pastures, with the source promoting that glandular stomach is grown, have additional nutrients.General from after 10 ages in days to grass, by tender for children green grass hanging in sheep hurdle, allow its free choice feeding.Life starts to train material feeding for latter 20 days: in feed trough, put half wet feed after scalding with boiling water, and guide lamb to go to gnaw, lamb will eat for several times repeatedly.Notice that the temperature of scalding material can not be too high, should be identical with milk temperature.

Milk, grass transitional period (45 days to wean): the lamb after 45 days is gradually based on fodder grass of searching for food, and lactation is auxiliary.Lamb can search for food after feed, and requiring provides diversified feed, notes ontogeny situation, adjusts at any time, to impel lamb normal development.In daily ration, digestible protein is good with 16-30%, can digest total nutrient and be advisable with 74%, and require appropriate exercise.Along with the increase of age in days, lamb can be followed ewe and be gone out to herd.

Six, timely slaughter

After lamb birth, growing of each period is not quite similar, the absolute gain initial stage is less, thereafter increase gradually, increase to a certain degree to a dating and decline until stop growing gradually again, in slow---fast---rhythm stopped slowly---, the relative weight gain increases rapidly when children's age, later slow gradually, until stop growing,---slow---weak---trend of stopping in fast.When black goat grew to for 12 monthly age, speed of weight increment significantly slows down, and during 18 monthly age, increase and be tending towards stagnating, body weight is in weak growth afterwards, and starts deposition fat, and the growth body weight later with the age trends towards stagnating.So commodity mutton sheep delivers the best for sale when 12-18 monthly age, body weight 30-40kg, now deliver for sale and both meet sheep growth rhythm only, accord with the demands of the market again (for port sheep standard alive).Deliver for sale too early, goat is in and grows period fast, and dressing percentage is not high, though meat is tender, lacks meat-like flavor, now butchers uneconomical; Delivered for sale late, growth retardation, transfer deposition fat to, meat is thicker, and in meat, smell of mutton component content increases, and reduces meat quality, and waste money, labour, forage grass, reduce productivity effect.

Seven, the control of goat common disease

To prevent epidemic to flock of sheep on time, find disease sheep, and early treatment.Diligent expelling parasite, when goat is without endoparasite and ectoparasite, general less infection Other diseases; Sick once suffer from endoparasite and ectoparasite, because resistance declines, Other diseases is comed one after another.Therefore, must regularly expelling parasite (2-3 month drive endoparasite and ectoparasite once), and carry out goat contagious pleura pneumonia seedling every year and the anti-seedling inoculation of goat three or four is each once (two kinds of vaccine immunity interludes at least want one week).

1, lamb dysentery.Symptom: be a cup too low, do not suck the breast, draw greyish white, yellowish or green special smell loose stool or excrement to glue anus, later stage excrement band blood, fecal incontinence, finally dehydration dies of exhaustion.Treatment: by dysentery essence of going out, by specification takes orally, every day 2-3 time or for oral administration with hydroxytetracycline tablet sweet water adding, every day 2-3 time.

2, contagiosity angle (knot) film is scorching.Symptom: eye photophobia, close order, shed tears, conjunctival congestion, cornea is canescence, some ectropion of lid, blind, can not take food and die of hunger.Treatment: use berberine sulphate eye dropping of eye drops, every day 3 times, can heal for 2-3 days; By the root of Chinese clematis, sandwort, field base king equivalent, 70% alcohol soaks seven days, with liquid medicine spray eye, every day 2 times, within 1-3 days, can heal.Adopt fresh peach branch or pleasant hole is inserted in withy peeling, curative effect is also fine.

3, the rotten aphtha of contagiosity.Symptom: bicker, asoscope inflammation, break, bleed, grey crust, eating difficulties.Treatment: wipe crust off, rear bar any of several broadleaf plants skin ashing and tung oil are adjusted and wiped affected part, every day 2 times.Or spread affected part by the bottom of a pan ash, raw salt mixed in equal amounts, once a day.Or embrocate affected part with iodine for animals, every day 2-3 time, within 2-3 days, can fully recover.

4, psoroptic mange.Symptom: illing skin is very itched, hair comes off, skin splits, rear one-tenth crust is thickening.Treatment: (1) uses Warm Wash affected part, by the bottom of a pan ash, each 150 grams of raw salt, sulphur levigation, used oil, mixes well and is coated with affected part, once a day; (2) clean affected part with 0.5% chlorophos liquid, (3) realgar 10 grams, alum 20 grams, levigation and unguentum picis pini 200 milliliters are mixed well and are coated with affected part.(4) carry out hypodermic injection with A Fuding, sheep endoparasite and ectoparasite can be driven away simultaneously.

5, fascioliasis.Symptom: sheep is thin and weak, constipation is drawn and rushed down alternately generation, the thick random or depilation of fur, and chest, ascites are swollen, and eye conjunctiva is pale.Treatment: gavage by an Albendazole 15-20 mg/kg body weight.Or hypodermic injection A Fuding.

6, goat contagious pleura pneumonia.Be the infectious disease that the thread mycoplasma of goat causes, be commonly called as the rotten tuberculosis of goat.Only betide goat.Be characterized as high heat, the change of liver lung.Regularly inoculate with goat contagious pleura pneumonia aluminium hydroxide vaccine or weak malicious chicken embryo seedling every year.Newly buy sheep isolated rearing and observe more than one month, just can be gregarious; Find that this is sick, eliminate immediately.

Claims

1. the present invention relates to breeding technique field, specifically a kind of raising method of black goat.Comprise sheep hurdle build, in time castration, the thick fine fodder of reasonably combined green grass or young crops, drink water for foot, manage with delicacy, the control of timely slaughter, common disease.It is characterized in that:

(1) sheep hurdle is built: sheep hurdle should have enough areas, makes goat not too crowded in house, can be freely movable; Will have sports ground outside goat shed, the area of sports ground is 2-5 times of goat shed area; High temperature and humidity area, heatstroke prevention, damp proof overweight cold-proof.

(2) timely castration: the ram that should not reserve seed for planting, should carry out castration at birth 7-60 age in days.

(3) reasonably combined green grass or young crops, thick, fine fodder: feed should based on herbage, leaf, fine fodder is auxiliary, prescription of mixed materials is: corn flour 54%, grass meal 40%, soya bean or groundnut cake 4%, wheat bran 2%, and additional mineral matter is appropriate, every sheep feeding every day salt 5 grams.

(4) should supply abundance and clean drinking-water for foot drinking-water, winter should drink warm water.

(5) manage with delicacy.

(6) timely slaughter.

(7) control of common disease.