CN108813135A - A kind of nutrient fodder and preparation method thereof cultivating porcupine - Google Patents
A kind of nutrient fodder and preparation method thereof cultivating porcupine Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of nutrient fodder and preparation method thereof for cultivating porcupine, is divided into early food and evening food；Early food is greenfeed, by weight, including 20~40 parts of green vegetables, 20~40 parts of radish, 20~40 parts of sweet potato, 10~15 parts of mulberry leaf；The evening food is concentrated feed, by weight, including 7~13 parts of 65~85 parts of corn, 8~12 parts of soya bean, 2~4 parts of fish meal, rice bran or wheat bran, 0.5 part of trace element medicinal, 1.5 parts of vitamin；Additionally provide the method for making the feed.Each Stage Nutrition needs of porcupine can be met comprehensively, significantly reduce formula forage complexity, convenient for the configuration and feeding in practical breeding process, greatly reduce hand labor and cost, to substantially increase the economic benefit of porcupine artificial breeding；The disease incidence of porcupine can be greatly reduced and significantly improve its survival rate and Reproduction rate；Can also by freeze-drying be further processed, thus breach feed matching while using tradition limitation, realize porcupine feed it is long when store.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to porcupine field of fodder, and in particular to a kind of nutrient fodder and preparation method thereof for cultivating porcupine.
Background technique
Porcupine, also known as porcupine, thorn pig, feature are to wear hard thorn, and mammality, Rodentia, person of outstanding talent are belonged in Zootaxy
Suidae.Modern medicine expert is the study found that porcupine has very high medical value, meat, brain, rouge, the heart, liver, gallbladder, stomach, arrow
It is used as medicine, wherein meat protein content is high, and fat content is low, and rich in several mineral materials nutritional ingredients such as calcium, phosphorus, and has ease constipation logical
Just, the effect of yin-nourishing removes hot, stomach invigorating benefit lung；Gallbladder improving eyesight refreshing and brain nourishing；Oil can removing toxic substances apocenosis, myogenic pain relieving；Stomach has clearing heat and promoting diuresis,
Invigorating and regulating stomach, the diseases such as formula for treating gastropathy, jaundice, oedema, tinea pedis；Thorn can cure mainly heart pain, skin allergy with promoting the circulation of qi.
Just due to above-mentioned benefit, so that porcupine becomes a kind of living resources that rare edible medicinal has both.
However, in recent years, as wild porcupine resource is greatly decreased, being listed in one of the protection animal for forbidding catching.Therefore,
The artificial culture technology of porcupine gradually rises and becomes main porcupine source.
And during the artificial breeding of porcupine, survival rate, disease incidence and the Reproduction rate for the porcupine that grows up of porcupine
As the main indicator for influencing economic benefit, the place that undoubtedly culturist pays close attention to the most.And it is numerous in raising survival rate, production
It grows rate, during reducing disease incidence, just seems factor that is quite important, and playing a decisive role to the nutritional supplementation of porcupine
One of.But the feeding patterns of most original matched using niblet and soybean, are not well positioned to meet porcupine growth and breeding
Nutritional need in the process, porcupine often have do not mate, more diseases, a variety of unfavorable conditions such as have a fiery temperament, and then influence feeding
The success rate and economic benefit grown.To solve this problem, often logical for the different stages of growth of porcupine in existing cultural technique
Manual adjustment feed formula is crossed to meet the nutritional need of porcupine.But this kind of nutrient fodder formula is often more complicated, needs
The adjustment being formulated according to the actual situation, for example, after the wean of young porcupine, manhood, oestrus etc. be required to adjustment feed and match
The square porcupine nutritional need to adapt to different times, for female porcupine, each physiology rank such as pregnancy period, term, nursing period
Section differentiation is more obvious, therefore the workload of its formula regulation is bigger.This results in feed formula excessively complicated, fine, a side
Face, although survival rate and productivity have certain promotion, manual intervention is unfavorable for the natural growth of porcupine than more serious, when
Can curing occurs usually requiring fiercer manpower intervention when sufferer in porcupine；On the other hand, great hand labor is needed
Come carry out growth phase locating for porcupine monitor closely and corresponding period feed configuration, be not suitable for the large area of each culture zone
Application, this also causes cultivation cost of labor higher, and then influences the real economy benefit of porcupine cultivation.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of nutrient fodder and preparation method thereof for cultivating porcupine, to solve existing cultivation
Porcupine nutrient fodder formula is complicated, be not common to porcupine each growth characters stage, labor intensity is big in use process asks
Topic.
In order to solve the above technical problems, technical solution provided by the present invention is：
A kind of nutrient fodder cultivating porcupine, including early food and evening food, the early food is greenfeed, by weight, packet
Include 20~40 parts of green vegetables, 20~40 parts of radish, 20~40 parts of sweet potato, 10~15 parts of mulberry leaf；The evening food is concentrated feed, by weight
Part meter, including 65~85 parts of corn, 8~12 parts of soya bean, 2~4 parts of fish meal, rice bran or 7~13 parts of wheat bran, trace element medicinal 0.5
Part, 1.5 parts of vitamin.
Further, the trace element medicinal be containing copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, cobalt, iron, iodine trace element mixture；Institute
State in trace element mixture, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, cobalt, iron, iodine mass ratio be 8~9: 45~55: 42~48: 0.06~
0.14: 0.08~0.12: 48~52: 0.17~0.25.
Further, the vitamin is to contain vitamin A, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin E, Hu
The vitamin mixtures of radish element, folic acid；In the vitamin mixtures, vitamin A, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin
C, vitamin E, carrotene, folic acid mass ratio be 1: 2~4: 2~4): (2~4: 5~6: 4~6: 5~8.
Further, the evening food further includes 15 parts of cellulase, 4.5~5.5 parts of mashed garlic.
In early food, green vegetables, radish, sweet potato as main nutriment, moisture needed for providing daytime for porcupine, sugar,
Vitamins and other nutritious components.Mulberry leaf have the effect of antiviral, antibacterial anti-inflammatory as auxiliary substance, can be bright after porcupine use
It is aobvious to reduce its illness probability, while improving the disease resistance of porcupine；At the same time, mulberry leaf also dredge the effect of wind-heat, porcupine
The effect of apparent fall fire cool blood can be played after feed, so that the disposition of porcupine is more docile, is reduced it and mutually disaccorded
The occurrence probability of behaviors such as struggle against, bait.
In evening food, corn, soya bean are sugar, protein, the main source of cellulose, and fish meal is animal protein and calcium
The source of element, trace element medicinal are then the chelating replenishers for including calcium, iron, zinc, selenium and other trace elements, and vitamin is then porcupine
Common vitamin needed for growth and development.Evening food nutrition arrangement is comprehensive, by the adjustment of scale of feeding, can adapt to porcupine not
Needed for nutrition with growth phase；Meanwhile, it is capable to be effectively facilitated the growth and development of porcupine, the immunity and body of porcupine are improved
Quality, to significantly improve the disease resistance and survival rate of porcupine by nature means.And the addition of rice bran or wheat bran, then
The agreeable to the taste sense of feed can be significantly increased, and then excites the appetite of porcupine, improve the food-intake of porcupine.
Cellulase is added in evening food, digestion of the porcupine to plant food can be helped, to help porcupine more preferable
Ground absorbs nutrition, and then promotes the robustness and health degree of porcupine；At the same time, the mashed garlic of addition on the one hand can be to porcupine intestines
Stomach plays bactericidal effect, promotes the healthy growth of porcupine, on the other hand then can reinforce person of outstanding talent by generating stimulation to stomach
The wriggling of chitling stomach is drained to the digestion and absorption efficiency of food, promotion to improve porcupine, and then porcupine is greatly improved
The intake of food-intake and nutriment.
Further, the feeding time early eaten be morning 7~8 point, it is described evening food feeding time be at night 6 points with
Afterwards.
Further, the feeding time autumn and winter of the evening food is 6~7 points at night, and spring and summer is 7~8 points at night.Person of outstanding talent
For pig as the species concealeded oneself by day and march by night, the activity time is illuminated by the light the obvious effect of condition.In order to make feeding process closer to
The life habit of porcupine, at the same avoid too early feeding easily lead to food spoilage, too late feeding easily lead to porcupine because starvation be disposition
Simultaneously there is act of violence in irritability, should adjust feeding time according to the day-night change of Various Seasonal.It finds, adjusts by repetition test
The time eaten the whole night be autumn and winter be at night 6~7 points, spring and summer be at night 7~8 points, can best meet the feed of porcupine
Demand, while can also avoid generating the influent pH of porcupine due to the variation of feeding time between each Seasonal conversion well
Negative influence, to guarantee the nutrition intake of porcupine.
For the preparation for realizing above-mentioned nutrient fodder, the present invention also provides a kind of nutrition feedings for being used to prepare above-mentioned cultivation porcupine
The method of material is as follows：
By weight, 10~15 parts of 20~40 parts of green vegetables, 20~40 parts of radish, 20~40 parts of sweet potato, mulberry leaf peelings are washed
Only, then above-mentioned raw materials are mixed, mince, gauze package draining after to get greenfeed；By weight, by corn 65~85
Part, 8~12 parts of soya bean clean and impregnated 8~10 hours with clear water after drain, mince, then with 3 parts of fish meal, rice bran or wheat bran 10
Part, 0.5 part of trace element medicinal, 1.5 parts of vitamin be uniformly mixed to get concentrated feed.
Further, by weight, by 20~40 parts of green vegetables, 20~40 parts of radish, 20~40 parts of sweet potato, mulberry leaf 10~
15 parts are peeled and washed, then mix above-mentioned raw materials, mince, gauze package draining after to get greenfeed；By weight, will
65~85 parts of corn, 8~12 parts of soya bean clean and impregnated 8~10 hours with clear water after drain, mince, then with 2~4 parts of fish meal,
Rice bran or 7~13 parts of wheat bran, 0.5 part of trace element medicinal, 1.5 parts of vitamin, 15 parts of cellulase, 4.5~5.5 parts of mashed garlic stirrings
It is uniformly mixed to get concentrated feed.
Above two preparation method, suitable for being used while allocating before feeding according to each feeding total amount.In this case, feed
Tasty and nutriment is not lost, can admirably meet feed and the nutritional need of porcupine.
But with there is a problem of in existing feed formula it is identical, can only matching while using, cannot save for a long time.When long
Between save during it is apt to deteriorate, thus easily lead to porcupine food poisoning, influence the survival rate of porcupine instead.It is asked based on above-mentioned
Topic, the invention proposes following proposals to solve the problems, such as that nutrient fodder cannot save for a long time.
Further, dry greenfeed is respectively prepared by vacuum freeze drying in the greenfeed and the concentrated feed
With dry concentrated feed, then it is stored in after being vacuum-packed respectively under 0~5 DEG C of environment；In use, taking dry greenfeed, pure
Water immersion 2~3 hours uses after draining as early food, takes dry concentrated feed, gradually pure water is added to be adjusted to half paste, as evening
Food uses.By using Vacuum Freezing & Drying Technology by configured early food and evening food dehydration, dry feed is made, on the one hand has
The nutriment in feed is saved to effect, the basic condition of feed mold is on the other hand then eliminated --- it is moist, prolong significantly
The storage life of feed is grown.Then the stored under refrigeration after through positive empty package can further extend the period of storage of feed, from
And the hand labor with food is greatly reduced, while feed a part seasonal supply can also be avoided insufficient and lead to feed ingredient
The problem of missing, nutrition-allocated proportion cannot meet very well.It is after Vacuum Freezing & Drying Technology is handled and cold through practical storage statistics
After freezing storage, the shelf-life early eaten is generally 5~6 months, and the shelf-life of food in evening is generally 4~5 months, with reference to early food and evening food
The season output situation of each component is it is recognised that storage is fully able to meet the seasonal variety of feedstuff, to guarantee person of outstanding talent
Pig can obtain sufficient nutrition using identical feed formula throughout the year, and then further ensure bold and unconstrained in breeding process
The nutritional balance of pig and comprehensive.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of technical scheme is：
(1) resistance and vis medicatrix naturae that can be improved porcupine, the aggressiveness and disposition for reducing porcupine fluctuate widely, thus
Reduce the disease incidence of porcupine during the feeding process, avoid because caused by mutually having a fist fight between porcupine survival rate reduce ask
Topic, and then realize the raising of porcupine survival rate；
(2) nutritional need that porcupine grows each stage can be met comprehensively, reduce the complexity of formula forage, be convenient for
Configuration and feeding in practical breeding process greatly reduce the labor intensity and cost of labor of keeper, to mention significantly
The high economic benefit of porcupine artificial breeding；
(3) adjusted by seasonal feeding time to cooperate the natural habit of porcupine so that the eating time of porcupine and
Process is more regular, phenomena such as few food, anorexia, ensure that the feed of porcupine because of seasonal variety so as to avoid porcupine
Amount, and then the nutritional supplementation of porcupine is more abundant, realizes the healthy and strong development of porcupine；It can also be made simultaneously as standard feed
It sells, has filled up the blank that can not store formula forage in porcupine cultivation for a long time；
(4) it can be fabricated to the feed that can be stored for a long time, to avoid due to feed constituent part seasonality output changes
The feeding of porcupine and comprehensive intake of nutrition are influenced, and then has ensured that porcupine can obtain sufficient nutrition at all seasons
Supplement, promotes its health and grows up strong and sturdy；
(5) porcupine raised by this nutrient fodder, because development is healthy and strong, have a strong constitution and illness rate is extremely low,
Has stronger Reproduction ability, tests prove that its Reproduction ability is able to ascend 20% or so without using volume
Outer urges pregnant ingredient of promoting production, therefore greatly improves the economic benefit of porcupine artificial breeding；
(6) feed each component is all made of the raw material of green non-pollution, so the porcupine fed out also has green non-pollution
The characteristics of, therefore great application and popularization value.
Specific embodiment
It is right combined with specific embodiments below in order to make those skilled in the art more fully understand technical solution of the present invention
The present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
A kind of nutrient fodder cultivating porcupine, including early food and evening food, the early food is greenfeed, by weight, packet
Include 30 parts of green vegetables, 30 parts of radish, 30 parts of sweet potato, 10 parts of mulberry leaf；The evening food is concentrated feed, by weight, including corn 75
Part, 10 parts of soya bean, 3 parts of fish meal, rice bran or 10 parts of wheat bran, 0.5 part of trace element medicinal, 1.5 parts of vitamin；The trace element medicinal
For containing copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, cobalt, iron, iodine trace element mixture；In the trace element mixture, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium,
Cobalt, iron, iodine mass ratio be 8.5: 50: 45: 0.1: 0.1: 50: 0.21；The vitamin be containing vitamin A, vitamin B2,
Vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin E, carrotene, folic acid vitamin mixtures；In the vitamin mixtures, vitamin
A, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin E, carrotene, folic acid mass ratio be 1: 3: 3: 3: 5.5: 5: 6.5.
Green vegetables, mulberry leaf are cleaned, radish, sweet potato are peeled and washed, then mix above-mentioned raw materials, mince, gauze package draining
Afterwards to get greenfeed.
Corn, soya bean are cleaned and drains, mince after being impregnated 8~10 hours with clear water, then with fish meal, rice bran or wheat bran,
Trace element medicinal, vitamin are uniformly mixed to get concentrated feed.
Embodiment 2
A kind of nutrient fodder cultivating porcupine, including early food and evening food, the early food is greenfeed, by weight, packet
Include 30 parts of green vegetables, 30 parts of radish, 30 parts of sweet potato, 10 parts of mulberry leaf；The evening food is concentrated feed, by weight, including corn 75
10 parts of part, 10 parts of soya bean, 3 parts of fish meal, rice bran or wheat bran, 0.5 part of trace element medicinal, 1.5 parts of vitamin, 15 parts of cellulase,
5 parts of mashed garlic；The trace element medicinal be containing copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, cobalt, iron, iodine trace element mixture；The microelement
Medicine be containing copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, cobalt, iron, iodine trace element mixture；In the trace element mixture, copper, zinc, manganese,
Selenium, cobalt, iron, iodine mass ratio be 8.5: 50: 45: 0.1: 0.1: 50: 0.21；The vitamin is to contain vitamin A, vitamin
B2, vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin E, carrotene, folic acid vitamin mixtures；In the vitamin mixtures, dimension
Raw element A, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin E, carrotene, folic acid mass ratio be 1: 3: 3: 3: 5.5: 5:
6.5。。
Green vegetables, mulberry leaf are cleaned, radish, sweet potato are peeled and washed, then mix above-mentioned raw materials, mince, gauze package draining
Afterwards to get greenfeed.
Corn, soya bean are cleaned and drains, mince after being impregnated 8~10 hours with clear water, then with fish meal, rice bran or wheat bran,
Trace element medicinal, vitamin, cellulase, mashed garlic are uniformly mixed to get concentrated feed.
Embodiment 3
A kind of nutrient fodder cultivating porcupine, including early food and evening food, the early food is greenfeed, by weight, packet
Include 20 parts of green vegetables, 20 parts of radish, 20 parts of sweet potato, 10 parts of mulberry leaf；The evening food is concentrated feed, by weight, including corn 65
Part, 8 parts of soya bean, 2 parts of fish meal, rice bran or 7 parts of wheat bran, 0.5 part of trace element medicinal, 1.5 parts of vitamin, 15 parts of cellulase, garlic
4.5 parts of mud；The trace element medicinal be containing copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, cobalt, iron, iodine trace element mixture；The microelement
In mixture, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, cobalt, iron, iodine mass ratio be 8: 45: 42: 0.06: 0.08: 48: 0.17；The vitamin is
Containing vitamin A, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin E, carrotene, folic acid vitamin mixtures；It is described
In vitamin mixtures, vitamin A, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin E, carrotene, folic acid mass ratio
It is 1: 2: 2: 2: 5: 4: 5.
Green vegetables, mulberry leaf are cleaned, radish, sweet potato are peeled and washed, then mix above-mentioned raw materials, mince, gauze package draining
Afterwards to get greenfeed；Dry greenfeed is respectively prepared by vacuum freeze drying in greenfeed, is then saved after being vacuum-packed
Under 0~5 DEG C of environment.In use, being used as early to eat after draining makes in use, dry greenfeed, pure water is taken to impregnate 2~3 hours
With.
Corn, soya bean are cleaned and drains, mince after being impregnated 8~10 hours with clear water, then with fish meal, rice bran or wheat bran,
Trace element medicinal, vitamin, cellulase, mashed garlic are uniformly mixed to get concentrated feed；Concentrated feed is done by vacuum refrigeration
It is dry that dry concentrated feed is respectively prepared, it is then stored in after being vacuum-packed under 0~5 DEG C of environment.In use, take dry concentrated feed,
Gradually plus pure water is adjusted to half paste, uses as evening food.
Embodiment 4
A kind of nutrient fodder cultivating porcupine, including early food and evening food, the early food is greenfeed, by weight, packet
Include 40 parts of green vegetables, 40 parts of radish, 40 parts of sweet potato, 15 parts of mulberry leaf；The evening food is concentrated feed, by weight, including corn 85
13 parts of part, 12 parts of soya bean, 4 parts of fish meal, rice bran or wheat bran, 0.5 part of trace element medicinal, 1.5 parts of vitamin, 15 parts of cellulase,
5.5 parts of mashed garlic；The trace element medicinal be containing copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, cobalt, iron, iodine trace element mixture；The micro member
In plain mixture, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, cobalt, iron, iodine mass ratio be 9: 55: 48: 0.14: 0.12: 52: 0.25；The vitamin
For containing vitamin A, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin E, carrotene, folic acid vitamin mixtures；Institute
It states in vitamin mixtures, the quality of vitamin A, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin E, carrotene, folic acid
Than being 1: 4: 4: 4: 6: 6: 8.
Green vegetables, mulberry leaf are cleaned, radish, sweet potato are peeled and washed, then mix above-mentioned raw materials, mince, gauze package draining
Afterwards to get greenfeed.
Corn, soya bean are cleaned and drains, mince after being impregnated 8~10 hours with clear water, then with fish meal, rice bran or wheat bran,
Trace element medicinal, vitamin, cellulase, mashed garlic are uniformly mixed to get concentrated feed.
Test example 1
Time：For in September, 2016 in September, 2017, the duration is 1 year total；
Test site：Liangshan State of Sichuan Province Huidong County Wu Dongdezhen；
Test arrangement：
A) individual screened from applicant's autotrophy and health is 240 public, wherein the male porcupine 120 of adult, adult unpregnancy are female
Porcupine 120, male and female matches be fed in different sheds one by one, is then divided into four groups, and marked as A, B, C, D.
B) contrast groups are arranged：
Group A：It is raised using the nutrient fodder in embodiment 1；Wherein early food feeding time is 7~8 points, evening food feeding
Time is 6~7 points at night of autumn and winter, 7~8 points at night of spring and summer.
Group B：It is raised according to the nutrition in embodiment 2；Wherein early food feeding time is 7~8 points, evening food feeding
Time is 6~7 points at night of autumn and winter, 7~8 points at night of spring and summer.
Group C：It is raised according to the feed in the embodiment 1 without mulberry leaf；Wherein early food feeding time is 7~8 points, evening
Eating feeding time is 6~7 points at night of autumn and winter, 7~8 points at night of spring and summer.
Group D：It is raised using the nutrient fodder in the embodiment 2 for being free of mulberry leaf, cellulase, mashed garlic；Wherein early food
Feeding time is 9~10 points, and evening food feeding time is unified for afternoon 5 at~6 points.
D) feeding strategies：Every group is all made of following feeding strategies.
First stage：The pangamy phase
From in September, 2016, the adult porcupine screened above is pacified into pairing stable breeding, feeding, and allow its pangamy.
Feeding standard：
Early food, evening food are each primary for daily feeding, and feeding amount is early 2-3 liangs/pcs of food, 2-3 liangs/pcs of evening food.
Second stage：Period of pregnancy
After discovery has the pregnancy of female porcupine, female porcupine that will be pregnant separates stable breeding with male porcupine, and replaces female porcupine feeding；
Be pregnant female porcupine feeding standard：
Daily feeding sow special feed is primary, evening food is primary, and feeding amount is early 2-3 liangs/pcs of food, 2-3 liangs/pcs of evening food.
Phase III：Nursing period (60 days)
Lactation mother porcupine and piglet stable breeding together, and stable breeding is separated with public porcupine.
Lactation mother's porcupine feeding standard：
Daily feeding sow special feed is primary, evening food is primary, and feeding amount is early 2-3 liangs/pcs of food, 2-3 liangs/pcs of evening food.
Piglet feeding standard：
Free feeding breast milk.
Fourth stage：Restore the growth stage
Piglet and male porcupine, female porcupine carry out mixed breed, and early food, evening food are each primary for male porcupine, female daily feeding of porcupine,
Feeding amount is early 2-3 liangs/pcs of food, 2-3 liangs/pcs of evening food, and early food, evening food are each primary for the daily feeding of piglet, and feeding amount is that piglet is special
With early food, evening food are each primary for feeding daily after 1-2 liangs/pcs of feed, 1-2 liangs/pcs, piglet two months of evening food, feeding amount is early food 2-3
Liang/pcs, evening food 2-3 liangs/pcs
C) result observation and record：Continuous raising 1 year observes and records the head of teeming that is averaged of single only female porcupine in each group
Number, overall feed ratio, overall incidence and the total survival head number of porcupine.Wherein, overall feed ratio=(feeding total amount-is surplus
Remaining forage volume)/feeding total amount；Overall incidence=morbidity porcupine head number/totality porcupine head number；Overall survival rate=porcupine survival
Head number/totality porcupine head number；Overall porcupine head number=the initial porcupine head number of each group+number of teeming.
The results are shown in Table 1 for record.
1 comparative test result of table observes statistical form
D) interpretation of result
As can be drawn from Table 1：
I. A, group B comparison are organized
Group A is suitable with the group survival rate of B, is whole survivals；Group B has more bright compared with a number of teeming of group A, feed ratio
Aobvious promotion, and disease incidence reduces half.
Analysis reason is：Compared to a group A, organize and increase digestive cellulase in the evening food of B and can pierce
Swash the mashed garlic of gastrointestinal peristalsis.On the one hand, cellulase can promote porcupine to carry out certain broken wall to the plant food of intake
Digestion, improves the releasing degree of food nutrition, to improve the uptake of porcupine nutriment；On the other hand, garlic
The stomach bactericidal effect that mud has reduces the pathogenic bacteria in porcupine stomach to a certain extent, while it is to helping enterogastric peristalsis
The digestion that function accelerates food recycles and porcupine is enabled to have a kind of non-satiety.Therefore, the porcupine nutriment in B is organized
Absorption is more abundant, so that its upgrowth situation is better, therefore has better autoimmunity, so disease incidence is obtained into one
Step reduces；Meanwhile being also due to physical qualification more preferably, so the appetite of porcupine is stronger in group B, therefore it tends to intake more
Food, also more preferably, therefore the average head number of its single only female porcupine has certain rising to Reproduction ability.
II. A, group C comparison are organized
Group teem number, survival rate of the A compared with group C has substantial increase, and disease incidence substantially reduces, and feed ratio is substantially not
Just.
Analysis reason is：Group A and the difference organized between B are only that group B has used mulberry leaf in early food.As can be seen that
The porcupine for feeding mulberry leaf has been obviously improved the immunocompetence of itself, therefore disease incidence significantly subtracts by the pharmacologic action of mulberry leaf
It is few, while porcupine after the onset also all survives.Therefore, it can be seen that mulberry leaf have the resistance and self-healing ability of porcupine
Be obviously improved.Meanwhile having promotion with resistance and self-healing ability, the growth conditions of porcupine are more vigorous, can be into
The time of row mating is more abundant, and mating probability of becoming pregnant is bigger, and the probability of multiple birth is bigger, therefore a number of teeming also is able to
It is significant to rise.
In addition, the collective effect for organizing cellulose and mashed garlic in B out is confirmed in the feed basic inconvenience of ratio help really
Digestion, the effect of whetting appetite.
III. B, group D comparison are organized
Compared with group B, the disease incidence for organizing D is significantly improved, and teems rate and survival rate is substantially reduced.It is worth paying special attention to
Be organize D morbidity and mortality it is almost suitable.
Analysis reason is：On the one hand the immunity for losing mulberry leaf promotes effect, and the disease incidence of group D porcupine obviously mentions
It is high；At the same time, due to not having, the mashed garlic ingredient for stimulating porcupine appetite exists and feeding time whole year is excessively same, uncomfortable
The physiological habit of porcupine is closed, the feeding desire of porcupine is not reduced into one, causes the constitution of porcupine totality more weak, self-healing ability
Deficiency further results in the i.e. dead phenomenon of morbidity.So only physical condition porcupine relatively good from the beginning can deposit
Survive and smoothly outside Reproduction, the cub survival rate of other porcupines and new life it is difficult to ensure that.Therefore the disease incidence for organizing D is bright
It is aobvious to improve, and teem rate and survival rate is substantially reduced, this has also confirmed the significant function of mulberry leaf in the present invention, cellulase, mashed garlic
Effect and effect, while also demonstrating the adjustment that the food feeding time variation of porcupine evening is carried out by seasonal variations proposed in the present invention.
In conclusion technical solution provided by the present invention, can be realized same feed formula and is suitable for cultivation porcupine
The feeding of each growth phase, and porcupine itself resistance and vis medicatrix naturae, the disease incidence for reducing porcupine can be significantly improved, it improves
Cultivate the Reproduction rate and survival rate of porcupine.Therefore, the technique that can farthest simplify porcupine artificial breeding, significantly
Cultivation effect is improved, the economic benefit of porcupine cultivation is finally significantly improved.
Test example 2
Time：For in September, 2016 in September, 2017, the duration is 1 year total；
Test site：The Liangshan State of Sichuan Province Huidong County town Xin Jie；
Test arrangement：
A) individual screened from applicant's autotrophy and health is 120 public, wherein the male porcupine 60 of adult, the female person of outstanding talent of adult unpregnancy
Pig 60, male and female matches be fed in different sheds one by one, is then divided into two groups of groups, and marked as E, F.
B) contrast groups are arranged：
Group D：It is raised using the nutrient fodder in embodiment 2；Wherein early food feeding time is 7~8 points, evening food feeding
Time is 6~7 points at night of autumn and winter, 7~8 points at night of spring and summer.
Group E：It is raised using the nutrition in the embodiment 3 after storage 2 months；Wherein early food feeding time is 7~8
Point, evening food feeding time are 6~7 points at night of autumn and winter, 7~8 points at night of spring and summer.
D) feeding strategies：Every group is all made of following feeding strategies.
First stage：The pangamy phase
From in September, 2016, the adult porcupine screened above is pacified into pairing stable breeding, feeding, and allow its pangamy.
Feeding standard：
Early food, evening food are each primary for daily feeding, and feeding amount is early 2-3 liangs/pcs of food, 2-3 liangs/pcs of evening food.
Second stage：Period of pregnancy
After discovery has the pregnancy of female porcupine, female porcupine that will be pregnant separates stable breeding with male porcupine, and replaces female porcupine feeding；
Be pregnant female porcupine feeding standard：
Daily feeding sow special feed is primary, evening food is primary, and feeding amount is early 2-3 liangs/pcs of food, 2-3 liangs/pcs of evening food.
Phase III：Nursing period (60 days)
Lactation mother porcupine and piglet stable breeding together, and stable breeding is separated with public porcupine.
Lactation mother's porcupine feeding standard：
Daily feeding sow special feed is primary, evening food is primary, and feeding amount is early 2-3 liangs/pcs of food, 2-3 liangs/pcs of evening food.
Piglet feeding standard：
Free feeding breast milk.
Fourth stage：Restore the growth stage
Piglet and male porcupine, female porcupine carry out mixed breed, and early food, evening food are each primary for male porcupine, female daily feeding of porcupine,
Feeding amount is early 2-3 liangs/pcs of food, 2-3 liangs/pcs of evening food, and early food, evening food are each primary for the daily feeding of piglet, and feeding amount is that piglet is special
With early food, evening food are each primary for feeding daily after 1-2 liangs/pcs of feed, 1-2 liangs/pcs, piglet two months of evening food, feeding amount is early food 2-3
Liang/pcs, evening food 2-3 liangs/pcs
C) result observation and record：Continuous raising 1 year observes and records the head of teeming that is averaged of single only female porcupine in each group
Number, overall feed ratio, overall incidence and the total survival head number of porcupine.Wherein, overall feed ratio=(feeding total amount-is surplus
Remaining forage volume)/feeding total amount；Overall incidence=morbidity porcupine head number/totality porcupine head number；Overall survival rate=porcupine survival
Head number/totality porcupine head number；Overall porcupine head number=the initial porcupine head number of each group+number of teeming.
The results are shown in Table 1 for record.
1 comparative test result of table observes statistical form
D) interpretation of result
As can be drawn from Table 1：Group E is suitable with group D survival rate, is whole survivals；Group teem number of the E compared with group D, into
Food ratio has slight decline, and disease incidence has microlitre.
Analysis reason is：Compared to a group D, the early food and evening food for organizing E were stored after freeze-drying two months.Feed ratio
Example slightly declines, and is to be declined because the flavor of feed is declined slightly after freeze-drying so as to cause the appetite of porcupine.But from
From the point of view of overall feed ratio, the flavor of feed still maintains comparable level, therefore its feed ratio can just show pole
Decline by a small margin.
Since the appetite of porcupine is declined, the reduction of its entire activity desire, body metabolism level can be caused, thus shadow
It rings to the entire physiology of porcupine, growth conditions, therefore its own immunity level and Reproduction speed can be caused certain
Negative effect.But from the point of view of the actual use result of feed, feed still possesses its good nutritive value and effect, Neng Gouyou
Effect ground guarantees that the height of porcupine is teemed rate, low disease incidence and high survival rate.
In conclusion the present invention innovates the vacuum freeze drying storage method of the porcupine nutrient fodder proposed, it can be significant
It solves the problems, such as that existing feed cannot be long time stored, is suitable for raising throughout the year so that a feed formula be furthermore achieved
The purpose fed.In this case, the breeding process of porcupine is convenient for control, can effectively and successfully improve cultivation porcupine production
While breeding potential and survival rate, it is significantly simplified feed configuration flow, significantly reduce cost of labor and improves cultivation porcupine
Economic benefit.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that above-mentioned preferred embodiment is not construed as pair
Limitation of the invention, protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the scope defined by the claims..For the art
For those of ordinary skill, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made, these change
It also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention into retouching.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of nutrient fodder for cultivating porcupine, including early food and evening food, it is characterised in that：The early food is greenfeed, by weight
Measure part meter, including 20~40 parts of green vegetables, 20~40 parts of radish, 20~40 parts of sweet potato, 10~15 parts of mulberry leaf；The evening food is raised for essence
Material, by weight, including it is 7~13 parts of 65~85 parts of corn, 8~12 parts of soya bean, 2~4 parts of fish meal, rice bran or wheat bran, micro
0.5 part of element medicine, 1.5 parts of vitamin.
2. a kind of nutrient fodder for cultivating porcupine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The trace element medicinal be containing
There is the trace element mixture of copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, cobalt, iron, iodine；In the trace element mixture, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, cobalt,
Iron, iodine mass ratio be (8~9): (45~55): (42~48): (0.06~0.14): (0.08~0.12): (48~52):
(0.17~0.25).
3. a kind of nutrient fodder for cultivating porcupine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The vitamin is to contain dimension
Give birth to the vitamin mixtures of element A, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin E, carrotene, folic acid；The vitamin
In mixture, vitamin A, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin E, carrotene, folic acid mass ratio be 1: (2
~4): (2~4): (2~4): (5~6): (4~6): (5~8).
4. a kind of nutrient fodder for cultivating porcupine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The evening food further includes fibre
Tie up plain 15 parts of enzyme, 4.5~5.5 parts of mashed garlic.
5. a kind of nutrient fodder for cultivating porcupine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The feeding time early eaten
For morning 7~8 point, after the feeding time that the evening eats is 6 points at night.
6. a kind of nutrient fodder for cultivating porcupine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The feeding time of the evening food
Autumn and winter is 6~7 points at night, and spring and summer is 7~8 points at night.
7. a kind of preparation method of the nutrient fodder of cultivation porcupine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, it is characterised in that：
By weight, by 20~40 parts of green vegetables, 20~40 parts of radish, 20~40 parts of sweet potato, 10~15 parts of mulberry leaf it is peeled and washed, then
Above-mentioned raw materials are mixed, mince, gauze package draining after to get greenfeed；By weight, by 65~85 parts of corn, soya bean 8
~12 parts clean and impregnated 8~10 hours with clear water after drain, mince, then with 3 parts of fish meal, rice bran or 10 parts of wheat bran, micro member
0.5 part of plain medicine, 1.5 parts of vitamin be uniformly mixed to get concentrated feed.
8. a kind of preparation method of nutrient fodder for cultivating porcupine according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：By weight
Meter, by 20~40 parts of green vegetables, 20~40 parts of radish, 20~40 parts of sweet potato, 10~15 parts of mulberry leaf it is peeled and washed, then by above-mentioned original
Material mixing, mince, gauze package draining after to get greenfeed；By weight, 65~85 parts of corn, 8~12 parts of soya bean are washed
It is net and drain after being impregnated 8~10 hours with clear water, mince, then with 2~4 parts of fish meal, rice bran or 7~13 parts of wheat bran, microelement
0.5 part of medicine, 1.5 parts of vitamin, 15 parts of cellulase, 4.5~5.5 parts of mashed garlic be uniformly mixed to get concentrated feed.
9. a kind of preparation method of the nutrient fodder of cultivation porcupine according to claim 8 or claim 9, it is characterised in that：By institute
It states greenfeed and the concentrated feed and dry greenfeed and dry concentrated feed is respectively prepared by vacuum freeze drying, then pass through respectively
It is stored in after vacuum packaging under 0~5 DEG C of environment；In use, dry greenfeed, pure water is taken to impregnate 2~3 hours, make after draining
It is used for early food, takes dry concentrated feed, gradually pure water is added to be adjusted to half paste, used as evening food.
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Cited By (1)
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