CN101658148A

CN101658148A - Production of commodity soft-shell lobster and application of Chinese herbal medicine additive

Info

Publication number: CN101658148A
Application number: CN200810196209A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 何执中; 唐宁; 何晓冬
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2008-08-28
Filing date: 2008-08-28
Publication date: 2010-03-03

Abstract

The invention relates to a novel aquiculture technology. A clean water body is utilized to raise lobsters in an artificial pond formed by mainly building up bricks. A light-passing material is utilized to build a shanty so as to form an artificial microclimate, and the water temperature is controlled so as to be suitable for the lobster growth. An extractive mainly containing the four Chinese medicines of figwort, achyranthes, honeysuckle and herba dendrobii is added to feed so as to increase the survival ratio and the husking percentage of the lobsters under the condition of artificial feeding, the green soft-shell lobster produced by the method has low cost and high annual output, and 3000-4000 Jin of lobsters are produced in water surface per mu.

Description

The production of commodity soft-shell lobster and the application of Chinese herb feed additive

Technical field

Farming, forestry, husbandary and fishing

Freshwater crayfish claims red natural pond crayfish, Ke Shi crayfish (Procambarus clakii) again.In seven more than ten years after last century, the first half was introduced China, because its extremely strong adaptive faculty and viability, one band has formed huge population in the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River, becomes the cuisines that the masses like gradually.The aquatic products industry in each province and city and authorities all attach great importance to the lobster expanding economy.But the two big major defects of lobster will become the obstacle that the lobster industry further develops.First dressing percentage is too low, and only 5.38～15.33%.A large amount of discarded objects has not only polluted environment, and is the significant wastage of living resources.So that the trend of wild existing atrophy of lobster resource beginning.Another shortcoming is that lobster moves on the sludge underwater, and feeding habits are assorted again, are food with the animals and plants corpse often, so dirt and bacterium are more in body surface and the digestive tract.Be exactly because " dirty " even in the lobster main producing region, still has the part citizen to refuse edible lobster.Development cleaning lobster cultures and soft-shell lobster production can address the above problem well.

Soft-shell lobster is to slough soft individual behind the duricrust in the lobster process of growth naturally.Because the nutriment before the shelling in the lobster body has run up to saturation state, so at this moment the soft shell shrimp of Sheng Chenging is the most fertile, nutrition is the abundantest.Again because it just stops feed the previous day in shelling, emptying original dirt in the stomach and intestine, slough shell, appendage and the old gill in addition, be " about clean, spotless ".This soft-shell lobster except that a pair of tooth (being gastric calcfulus again) inconvenience is edible, 98% edible all of health.

In addition, during the lobster shelling most of valuable calcium " backflow " in the old shell is gone in the body to store, and then calcium " is flowed " to newly-generated soft shell in body, make its sclerosis rapidly in a few hours.This " calcium flows " is the easiest to be the absorption of human body utilization.It is calcium deficiency and osteoporosis crowd's a high-quality health food, is particularly suitable for children, old man and the women of child-bearing age.Soft-shell lobster also is rich in utilizable little molecule chitin of human body and shitosan simultaneously.They are had coordinating intestines and stomach by " the 6th key element " that the nutritionist is called human nutrition, dispelling toxicity, detoxicating, and immunity is kept fit, many effects such as beauty treatment skin moisten.

Soft-shell lobster is a natural product, catches and preserves but can't adopt in batches under wild state, so can not become commodity.And artificial production also faces many technological difficulties: lethality is higher when at first being the high-density rearing.Need to solve health care and immunization issues.Next place and time that is lobster shells is not fixed.It is big to gather and preserve difficulty in it shelled back 30 minutes, the labour cost height.The 3rd, the lobster shelling is " life and death pass " in its life process, and this moment, life was very fragile.Husking yield is on the low side under artificial condition, and easier death.

In view of this, the present invention adopts the pond of artificial construction, and the water body of cleaning is raised lobster, cleans the production of lobster and soft-shell lobster.And make up semi-enclosed subenvironment with light transmissive material, and forming artificial climate, the control water temperature is made every effort to 15～25 ℃ in 10～30 ℃ of scopes.Need not the power consumption heating in area, the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River and just can produce throughout the year, every mu of water surface is produced 3000 ~ 4000 jin, a traditional unit of weight of shrimps per year.

The present invention also adopts the means of adding a small amount of Chinese herbal medicine extract in common full price mixed feed to try to achieve the promotion growth in addition, strengthens premunition, reduces the effect of lethality, and has improved husking yield and the success rate that shells., the main ingredient of this Chinese herbal medicine formula is radix scrophulariae, the root of bidentate achyranthes, honeysuckle and the stem of noble dendrobium four flavors respectively account for about 1/4th.Be aided with a small amount of Radix Astragali in case of necessity again, the root of large-flowered skullcap, coix seed, the flavor of two in the Chinese medicines such as Radix Isatidis is to strengthen drug effect.Total dosage is no more than 20% of main ingredient.Above-mentioned herbal medicine extracts through poach, concentrating under reduced pressure, and the ethanol extracting is made solid content and is no less than 50% paste.As need long-distance transport and long term storage, be about to it and mix the back drying for standby with an amount of cereal powder.The addition of such additive in pellet is 0.5～4%.Comparatively economical and effective with about 1～2%.

Catch lobster and shell back 30 minutes with interior soft individuality.The longlyest must not surpass 1 hour, otherwise the soft shell hardening influences mouthfeel.It is rapidly freezing or to cook the back rapidly freezing, but so both freshness-retained also conformal.By being commodity after 250 grams, 500 grams, the 1000 gram packing.The another kind of commercial form of soft-shell lobster is a fresh-keeping live body under 0～4 ℃ of low temperature.48 hours shelf-lifves.

Embodiment 1 gets height 7～9cm, and the healthy lobster of body weight 35～40 gram places the cement pit of the 2m * 2m that fills clean water, 120 in every pond. and with protein content 28% the special-purpose full-valence pellet feed nursing of crayfish.Also place the water peanut of fishing for from clean waters in the pond and make things concealed for 2～2.5 kilograms.The control water temperature is at 20～25 ℃, and make an inspection tour once per half an hour, catches the individuality of getting firm shelling and do fresh-keeping processing.Every pond results soft-shell lobster is 31 ± 2 in 40 days feeding periods, accounts for and raises sum 26%.Common dead 5 ± 1, shell dead 7 ± 2.General mortality rate is 10%.

Embodiment 2 gets Chinese medicine additive 50 grams, with evenly being sprayed at 5 kilograms of above-mentioned pellet surfaces, the lobster of feeding after drying after the dilution of 500 ml waters.Other condition and operation and embodiment 1 are identical.Every pond results soft-shell lobster is 54 ± 2 in 40 days feeding periods, accounts for and raises sum 45%.Common dead 1, shell dead 2 ± 1.General mortality rate is 2.5%.

Claims

1, is in the pond of leading artificial build brick, raises lobster, carry out soft-shell lobster production with filtered cleaning water body.Enclose the semiclosed artificial climate environment that shelves constitute the shed formula with light transmissive material.Complement filter, circulation, the measure of flowing is controlled at water temperature in 10～30 ℃ of scopes, in order to carrying out smoothly of lobster growth and shelling process.

2, in the claim 1, build the also available cement plaster of material in pond, the structure pond material of next is plastics lamina membranacea, glass, metal etc.Water temperature is controlled at 15～25 ℃ and is more suitable for lobster growth and shelling.

3, the Chinese herbal medicine extracting composition formula of feed Central Plains interpolation is radix scrophulariae, the root of bidentate achyranthes, honeysuckle, the stem of noble dendrobium four flavor main ingredients, respectively accounts for 1/4th.Method for making is that above-mentioned Chinese medicine poach is extracted, concentrating under reduced pressure, and the ethanol extracting forms solid content and is no less than 50% paste.As need long-distance transport and long term storage, be about to it and mix the back drying for standby with an amount of cereal powder.The addition of such additive in feed is in 0.5～4% scope.With 1～2% good cost performance.

4, in the claim 3, four flavor Chinese medicines are also can add a spot of root of large-flowered skullcap, coix seed, the Radix Astragali in the main prescription, in the Radix Isatidis simply to two flavor Chinese medicines, add total amount and be less than 20% of main ingredient.

5, commodity soft-shell lobster is that the no shell of back 30 minutes ITs of shelling is soft individual, through freeze deeply or cook after again freeze preservation handle and packing forms.Another kind of commercial form is the fresh-keeping live body under 0～4 ℃ of low temperature.48 hours shelf-lifves.