CN105416273B - 车辆 - Google Patents

车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105416273B
CN105416273B CN201510571948.7A CN201510571948A CN105416273B CN 105416273 B CN105416273 B CN 105416273B CN 201510571948 A CN201510571948 A CN 201510571948A CN 105416273 B CN105416273 B CN 105416273B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
speed
control
motor
variator
vehicle
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201510571948.7A
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English (en)
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CN105416273A (zh
Inventor
内田健司
佐藤亮次
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/02—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
    • F16H61/0202—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
    • F16H61/0204—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
    • F16H61/0213—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal characterised by the method for generating shift signals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/11—Stepped gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/15—Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/30—Control strategies involving selection of transmission gear ratio
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/50—Control strategies for responding to system failures, e.g. for fault diagnosis, failsafe operation or limp mode
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W50/02—Ensuring safety in case of control system failures, e.g. by diagnosing, circumventing or fixing failures
    • B60W50/0225—Failure correction strategy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/12—Detecting malfunction or potential malfunction, e.g. fail safe; Circumventing or fixing failures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4825—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W2050/0062—Adapting control system settings
    • B60W2050/0075—Automatic parameter input, automatic initialising or calibrating means
    • B60W2050/0083—Setting, resetting, calibration
    • B60W2050/0088—Adaptive recalibration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W50/02—Ensuring safety in case of control system failures, e.g. by diagnosing, circumventing or fixing failures
    • B60W50/0205—Diagnosing or detecting failures; Failure detection models
    • B60W2050/0215—Sensor drifts or sensor failures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B60W2510/0638—Engine speed
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    • B60W2510/08—Electric propulsion units
    • B60W2510/081—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/10—Change speed gearings
    • B60W2710/1005—Transmission ratio engaged
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H2061/0075—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by a particular control method
    • F16H2061/0087—Adaptive control, e.g. the control parameters adapted by learning
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/02—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
    • F16H61/0202—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
    • F16H61/0204—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
    • F16H61/0213—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal characterised by the method for generating shift signals
    • F16H2061/0223—Generating of new shift maps, i.e. methods for determining shift points for a schedule by taking into account driveline and vehicle conditions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/12—Detecting malfunction or potential malfunction, e.g. fail safe; Circumventing or fixing failures
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种车辆。该车辆包括电动机(20)、检测电动机(20)的旋转角的分解器(23)、对电动机(20)的旋转变速并且将经变速的旋转传递到驱动轴的自动变速机(40)，以及执行用于校正分解器(23)的误差的学习控制和自动变速机(40)的变速控制的ECU(100)。ECU(100)控制自动变速机(440)，使得当执行学习控制时，在预定车速下，变速比变得高于不执行学习控制时的变速比。通过如上所述控制自动变速机(40)，即使当车辆以低速行驶时，电动机(20)的转速易于达到或高于执行分解器(23)的学习控制的转速。因此，能提早获得执行分解器(23)的学习控制的机会。

Description

车辆
该非临时申请基于2014年9月12日在日本专利局提交的日本专利申请No.2014-186595，其全部内容在此引入以供参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及车辆，更具体地说，涉及用于校正检测电动机的旋转角的分解器的误差的学习控制。
背景技术
电动车辆，诸如电动车和混合动力车辆配备有产生驱动力的电动机。为了准确地控制电动机，有必要检测电动机的旋转角。分解器是具有非常简单结构并且在温度、振动和油环境非常恶劣的情况下，实现正常和高精度角检测的一种旋转角传感器。该分解器广泛地用在电动车辆中。
已知由分解器输出的电信号包括由分解器的转子和定子的轴心之间的间隙等等引起的误差。日本专利公开号No.2013-72686公开了用于适当地校正包括在使用分解器检测的旋转角中的误差的技术。
为了准确地控制电动机，期望执行校正分解器的误差并且存储该结果的学习控制。为了执行用于电动机的分解器的这种学习控制，电动机的转速应当大于或等于预定速度。当电动机的转速大于或等于预定速度时，能认为电动机的旋转角均等地增加。由此，如果在由分解器检测的角度的变化量中出现波动，这能视作误差。
通常，使用电动机的大多数系统不具有变速机，因为即使以低速旋转电动机时，它们也能输出高转矩。然而，混合动力车辆可以结合有自动变速机，因为它还使用不能以低转速输出高转矩的内燃机。此外，甚至电动车也可以结合有自动变速机，以便在高速行驶期间提高加速性能等等。
在如上所述，将自动变速机结合到电动机的输出轴的车辆中，自动变速机能控制转速，由此，可以控制车辆来将电动机的转速抑制到低。因此，存在不能确保按预期执行分解器的学习控制的机会的可能性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供具有增加分解器的学习机会并且能提早地完成学习的车辆。
总的来说，本发明针对一种车辆，包括电动机、检测电动机的旋转角分解器、对电动机的旋转变速并且将经变速的旋转传递到用于旋转驱动轮的驱动轴的自动变速机，以及执行用于校正分解器的误差的学习控制和自动变速机的变速控制的控制装置。该控制装置在预定车速下控制自动变速机，使得在执行学习控制时的自动变速机的变速级被设定到低于在不执行学习控制时的自动变速机的变速级。
通过如上控制自动变速机，当车辆正以上述车速行驶时，电动机的转速提早达到或高于能执行分解器的学习控制的转速。因此，能提早获得执行分解器的学习控制的机会。
优选，在学习控制完成前，控制装置控制自动变速机，以便不将自动变速机的变速级升档到高于预定变速级，直到车速从零达到预定车速为止，并且在学习控制完成后，控制装置控制自动变速机，以便在车速从零达到预定车速前，将自动变速机的变速级升档到高于预定变速级。
优选，在学习控制完成前，控制装置将自动变速机的变速级固定到第一级，直到车速从零达到预定车速为止，并且在学习控制完成后，在车速从零达到预定车速前，控制装置将自动变速机的变速级从第一级升档到第二级。
通过如上控制自动变速机，即使当车辆正以低速行驶并且电动机的转速难以达到执行分解器的学习控制所需的转速时，电动机的转速也易于达到或高于能执行分解器的学习控制的转速。因此，能提早获得执行分解器的学习控制的机会。
优选，控制装置进一步基于分解器的输出，执行电动机的驱动控制。通过这种构造，由此提早开始电动机的高精度驱动控制。
优选，车辆进一步包括内燃机。即，在包括电动机和内燃机的混合动力车辆中，也能提早获得执行分解器的学习控制的机会。
更优选，车辆进一步包括接收内燃机的转矩并且发电的发电机。即，在包括电动机和内燃机的串联型或串并联型混合动力车辆中，也能提早获得执行分解器的学习控制的机会。
结合附图，本发明的上述和其他目的、特征、方面和优点从本发明的下述详细描述将变得更显而易见。
附图说明
图1是第一实施例中的车辆1的整体构造图。
图2是示出车速的变化和电动机转速之间的关系的一个例子的视图。
图3是用于示例在本实施例中执行的变速控制的波形图。
图4是用于示例在本实施例中，由ECU执行的变速控制的流程图。
图5是第二实施例中，车辆201的整体构造图。
图6是第三实施例中，车辆301的整体构造图。
图7是示出电动发电机和发动机的转速与驱动轴的转速之间的关系的视图。
图8是示出将自动变速机设定到第二级，并且因此，MG转速Nm不超出阈值Nmt的状态的视图，在该阈值Nmt以上，能执行分解器的学习控制。
图9是示出将自动变速机设定到第一级，并且因此，MG转速Nm超出阈值Nmt的状态的视图，在该阈值Nmt以上，能执行分解器的学习控制。
具体实施方式
在下文中，将参考附图，详细地描述本发明的实施例。应注意到图中相同或相应的部件由相同的参考数字指定，并且将不重复其描述。
[第一实施例]
图1是第一实施例中，车辆1的整体构造图。车辆1包括发动机10、离合器12、电动机20、动力控制单元(PCU)21、电池22、变矩器30、自动变速机40、驱动轮50和电子控制单元(ECU)100。
发动机10是诸如汽油发动机或柴油发动机的内燃机。发动机10的曲轴和电动机20的旋转轴在离合器12介于期间的情况下耦接。
电动机20的旋转轴耦接到发动机10的曲轴和变矩器30的输入轴之间的动力传输路径上。变矩器30的输出轴耦接到自动变速机40的输入轴。自动变速机40的输出轴在差动装置介于期间的情况下耦接到驱动轮50。
电动机20例如是三相交流(AC)旋转电机。电动机20由通过PCU21从电池22供应的电力驱动。
电池22是存储直流(AC)电的蓄电装置，用于驱动电动机。电池22具有高压，例如约200V。通常，电池22被配置成包括镍氢电池或锂离子电池。代替电池22，还采用大容量电容器。
将来自发动机10和电动机20的至少一个的动力通过变矩器30和自动变速机40传递到驱动轮50。即，车辆1是能使用来自发动机10和电动机20的至少一个的动力行驶的混合动力车辆。
此外，当应当充电电池22时(例如，当电池22的剩余容量降低到低于预定值时)，当用户操作电负荷，诸如除霜器或空调等等时，控制电动机20来用作使用来自发动机10的动力的一部分发电的发电机。
自动变速机40是能选择性地形成具有不同变速比(即，自动变速机40的输入轴的转速与输出轴的转速的比)的多个档位的有级自动变速机。当使车辆1向前行驶时，在自动变速机40中形成最低速度侧(即，具有最高变速比的一侧)的第一级和最高速度侧(即，具有最低变速比的一侧)的上限档位之间的任何档位。
此外，尽管未示出，但车辆1具有多个传感器，用于检测控制车辆1所需的各种物理量，诸如用户对加速器踏板的下压量、电池22的状态(例如，剩余容量、温度、电流、电压等等)、发动机转速、车速等等。这些传感器将检测结果传送到ECU 100。
ECU 100包括未示出的中央处理单元(CPU)和存储器。ECU 100基于来自每一传感器的信息和在存储器中存储的信息，执行预定运算处理，并且基于运算结果，控制车辆1的每一装置。
ECU 100基于用户对加速器踏板的下压量等等，计算车辆1所需的行驶功率(在下文中，称为“所需行驶功率”)，并且基于电池22的剩余容量、电负荷的操作状态等等，计算电池22所需的充电功率(在下文中，称为“所需充电功率”)。应注意到，由电动机20发的电，提供用于电池22的充电功率。因此，所需充电功率等于将由电动机20产生的所需功率。
ECU 100计算通过将所需充电功率与所需行驶功率相加获得的值，作为所需发动机功率。ECU 100确定自动变速机40的最佳档位(所需档位)，以便10能输出所计算的发动机功率。
在图1所示的构造中，使用由分解器23检测并且传送到ECU 100的旋转角来控制电动机20。通常，由分解器输出的电信号是模拟信号，并且由未示出的分解器-数字转换电路转换成能经过计算装置的算术处理的数字信号，此后输出到ECU 100。ECU 100使用来自分解器-数字转换电路的数字信号，检测(计算)电动机的旋转角θm。
已知由分解器输出的电信号包括由分解器的转子和定子的轴心之间的间隙等等产生的误差。为了精确地控制电动机，期望执行校正分解器的误差并且存储结果的学习控制。
然而，当将自动变速机结合到电动机的输出轴中时，存在不能易于获得校正分解器的误差的机会的可能性。为了执行用于电动机的分解器的学习控制，电动机的转速应当大于或等于预定速度。如果车辆快速加速并且以高速行驶，电动机的转速快速地达到预定速度，由此尤其无问题发生。然而，如果车辆保持以低速行驶，不能易于获得执行分解器的学习控制的机会，导致出问题。
将参考附图，具体地描述该问题。
图2是示出车速的变化和电动机转速之间的关系的一个例子的视图。图2示出车速与时间增加成比例地从时间t0增加的情形。从时间t0至t1，将自动变速机40设定到第一档位。在该时段期间，电动机20的转速随时间增加而增加。当车速增加时，在时间t1(车速Vk1)，自动变速机40的档位从第一级变速到第二级。此后，电动机20的转速立即下降，在时间t1后增加。
其中，假定当电动机20的转速大于或等于阈值Nmt时，能执行分解器23的学习控制。当如图2所示，执行变速控制时，电动机20的转速不超出阈值Nmt，只要车辆以小于车速Vk12的低速行驶，由此，不能获得执行分解器23的学习控制的机会。因此，在本实施例中，将不同于通常变速控制的变速控制应用于自动变速机40，直到完成分解器23的学习控制为止。
图3是用于示例在本实施例中执行的变速控制的波形图。如图3所示，在本实施例中，控制自动变速机40使得即使车速增加，也将档位固定到第一级并且不执行到第二级的变速，直到时间t12为止。在那种情况下，在时间t11后，电动机转速超出阈值Nmt，由此能执行分解器23的学习控制，并且提早完成分解器23的学习控制。
应注意到在时间t12执行变速。即使将变速机设定到第二级，此时的车速优选是电动机转速变得大于或等于阈值Nmt的车速(称为Vk12)。
然后，当完成分解器23的学习控制时，使自动变速机40的变速控制改变成如图2所示的控制。在图2中，以车速Vk1(<Vk12)执行变速。
当在学习控制完成前(图3)的变速级和学习控制完成后(图2)的变速级之间比较时，在预定车速下，在图2所示的控制中，将变速机设定到第二级，而在图3所示的控制中，将变速机设定到第一级。尽管预定车速可以是一个点，但也可以是具有预定宽度的车速范围(图3中，Vk1至Vk12)。
应注意到不一定必须在第一变速级执行学习控制。因此，当在学习控制完成前的变速级和学习控制完成后的变速级之间比较，来获得电动机的转速在预定车速下变得大于或等于阈值Nmt的机会时，仅有必要存在在学习控制完成前的变速级被设定到低于学习控制完成后的变速级(即，设定到较低级)的车速。
换句话说，仅有必要存在当执行学习控制时的变速级(例如，第一级、第二级等等)被设定到低于当不执行学习控制时的变速级(例如，第二级、第三级等等)(即设定到较低级)的车速。
图4是用于示例在本实施例中，由ECU执行的变速控制的流程图。以一定时间间隔或只要满足预定条件时从预定主例程调用并且执行流程图中的处理。参考图4，在步骤S1，确定是否完成用于校正分解器23的误差的学习控制。
当在步骤S1，未完成用于校正分解器23的误差的学习控制时(步骤S 1为否)，处理进行到步骤S2，并且将自动变速机40控制为保持在低档位。因此，例如在图3中所示，将自动变速机40设定到第一级的时间增加。
另一方面，当在步骤S 1完成用于校正分解器23的误差的学习控制时(步骤S 1为是)，处理进行到步骤S3，并且取消将自动变速机40保持在低档位的控制。因此，例如如图2所示，将自动变速机40设定到第一级的时间减小。
当在步骤S2或步骤S3，确定变速机的档位时，处理进行到步骤S4，并且控制返回到主例程。
如上所述，在本实施例中，控制自动变速机40，使得电动机的转速易于变得高于阈值，直到完成用于校正分解器的误差的学习控制。因此，能易于获得执行分解器的学习控制的机会。
[第二实施例]
控制变速机使得电动机的转速变得易于高于阈值，直到完成用于校正分解器的误差的学习控制也适用于电动车。由于电动车不具有发动机，大多数电动机不具有自动变速机。然而，即使电动车也可以包括自动变速机以便提高高速行驶期间的加速性能等等。
图5是第二实施例中的车辆201的整体构造图。车辆201包括电动机20、PCU 21、电池22、自动变速机40、驱动轮50和ECU 100。电动机20包括对其执行学习控制的分解器23。
车辆201是具有通过从图1所示的车辆1去除发动机10、离合器12和变矩器30获得的构造的电动车，并且将不重复每一部件的描述，因为在第一实施例中已经提供。
即使在如图5所示的电动车中，通过对其应用图2至4所示的控制，也能提早获得执行分解器的学习控制的机会。
[第三实施例]
大量地生产具有包括两个电动发电机的构造的混合动力车辆。本申请的发明还适用于具有这种构造的车辆。
图6是第三实施例中的车辆301的整体构造图。参考图6，车辆301包括发动机110、电动发电机MG1和MG2、逆变器610和620、电池122、动力分割装置300、自动变速机140、驱动轮150和ECU 1000。
发动机110基于来自ECU 1000的控制信号CSE，产生用于旋转驱动轮150的功率。由110产生的功率输入到动力分割装置300。
动力分割装置300将从发动机110输入的功率分割成通过自动变速机140传递到驱动轮150的功率和传递到电动发电机MG1的功率。动力分割装置300是包括太阳齿轮(S)310、环形齿轮(R)320、齿轮架(C)330和小齿轮(P)340的行星齿轮机构(差动机构)。太阳齿轮(S)310耦接到电动发电机MG1的转子。环形齿轮(R)320通过140耦接到150。行星齿轮(P)340与太阳齿轮(S)310和环形齿轮(R)320)啮合。支架(C)330可自转和可公转地保持行星齿轮(P)340。支架(C)330耦接到发动机110的曲轴。
电动发电机MG1和MG2的每一个是AC旋转电机，并且用作电动机和发电机。在动力分割装置300和自动变速机140之间提供电动发电机MG2。更具体地说，电动发电机MG2的转子连接到使动力分割装置300的环形齿轮(R)320与自动变速机140的输入轴耦接的驱动轴350。
在驱动轴350和驱动轴560之间提供自动变速机140。即，在电动发电机MG1和驱动轮150之间提供自动变速机140。形成自动变速机140使得其能基于来自ECU 1000的控制信号CSA将在接合状态的变速比(即，输入轴的转速与输出轴的转速的比)切换成多个预定变速级(变速比)的任何一个。
逆变器610和620相互并联地连接到电池122。逆变器610和620分别由来自ECU1000的信号PWI1和PWI2控制。逆变器610和620将从电池122供应的直流电转换成交流电来分别驱动电动发电机MG1和MG2。
电池122存储用于驱动电动发电机MG1和MG2的至少一个的直流电。
车辆301进一步包括分解器91和92、发动机转速传感器93和监测传感器95。分解器91检测电动发电机MG1的转速(在下文中，称为“MG1转速Ng”)。分解器92检测电动发电机MG2的转速(在下文中，称为“MG2转速Nm”)。发动机转速传感器93检测发动机110的转速(在下文中，称为“发动机转速Ne”)。监测传感器95检测电池122的状态(诸如电池电压Vb、电池电流Ib和电池温度Tb)。这些传感器的每一个将检测结果输出到ECU 1000。
ECU 1000参考预定变速图，确定对应于驱动力和由未示出的车速传感器检测的车速V的目标变速级，以及控制自动变速机140使得实际变速级变为目标变速级。
图7是示出电动发电机和发动机的转速与驱动轴的转速之间的关系的视图。参考图7，由于动力分割装置300的作用，在列线图中，MG1转速Ng、发动机转速Ne和MG2转速Nm排列在直线上。相反，自动变速机140能通过将设定从第一级改变成第四级，在如图7所示的四个模式中，改变MG2转速Nm和驱动轴的转速之间的关系。
图8是示出将自动变速机设定到第二级，因此，MG2转速Nm不超出阈值Nmt的状态的视图，在阈值Nmt以上能执行分解器的学习控制的。图9是示出将自动变速机设定到第一级，因此，MG2转速Nm超出阈值Nmt的状态的视图，在阈值Nmt以上能执行分解器的学习控制的阈值Nmt。
如图8和9所示，即使以相同车速V1，具有图6中所示的构造的车辆能通过改变自动变速机140的变速级来改变MG2转速Nm。因此，通过应用图4所示的控制，并且控制自动变速机140以便在完成分解器的学习控制前，在车速V1下选择第一档位，如图9所示，并且在完成分解器的学习控制后，在车速V1下选择第二档位，如图8所示。
应注意到，尽管第一至第三实施例已经描述了变速机是有级自动变速机的例子，但变速机不限于此，可以是能执行连续可变变速的变速机，诸如CVT型变速机。
尽管已经描述了本发明的实施例，但应理解到在此所述的实施例在任一方面是示例性而不是限制。本发明的范围由权利要求的范围限定，旨在包括与权利要求的范围等效的范围和含义内的任何改进。

Claims (6)

1.一种车辆，包括：
电动机(20，MG2)；
分解器(23，92)，所述分解器检测所述电动机的旋转角；
自动变速机(40，140)，所述自动变速机对所述电动机的旋转变速并且将经变速的旋转传递到用于旋转驱动轮(50，150)的驱动轴；以及
控制装置(100，1000)，所述控制装置执行用于校正所述分解器的误差的学习控制和所述自动变速机的变速控制，其中
所述控制装置在预定车速下控制所述自动变速机，使得在执行所述学习控制时的所述自动变速机的变速级被设定为低于在不执行所述学习控制时的所述自动变速机的变速级。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其中，在所述学习控制完成前，所述控制装置控制所述自动变速机，以便不将所述自动变速机的变速级升档到高于预定变速级，直到车速从零达到预定车速为止，并且在所述学习控制完成后，所述控制装置控制所述自动变速机，以便在车速从零达到所述预定车速前，将所述自动变速机的变速级升档到高于所述预定变速级。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的车辆，其中，在所述学习控制完成前，所述控制装置将所述自动变速机的变速级固定到第一级，直到车速从零达到预定车速为止，并且在所述学习控制完成后，在车速从零达到所述预定车速前，所述控制装置将所述自动变速机的变速级从所述第一级升档到第二级。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的车辆，其中，所述控制装置进一步基于所述分解器的输出执行所述电动机的驱动控制。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的车辆，进一步包括内燃机(10，110)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的车辆，进一步包括接收所述内燃机的转矩并且发电的发电机(MG1)。
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