CN105399479A - Corn soybean strip intercropping specific fertilizer and fertilization method - Google Patents
Corn soybean strip intercropping specific fertilizer and fertilization method Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a corn soybean strip intercropping specific fertilizer and a fertilization method, and belongs to the technical field of crop fertilization. The corn soybean strip intercropping specific fertilizer includes a special base fertilizer and a specific seed fertilizer, the total oxygen content of the special base fertilizer is 40%, according to the soybean fertilizer requirement type and fertilizer requirement amount, the special base fertilizer is applied and spread in a whole field by combination of turning over and ploughing in the amount of 40kg per mu; the total oxygen content of the special seed fertilizer is 35%, according to the corn fertilizer requirement type and fertilizer requirement amount, and during corn planting, the special seed fertilizer is applied and spread by trenching at the position 10-15cm apart from a corn planting row in the amount of 40kg per mu, wherein micro element fertilizers comprising 1000g of zinc sulfate, 500g of boric acid, 5g of ammonium molybdate and 100g of ferrous sulfate are applied to one mu field. The two special composite fertilizers and matched fertilization technology are developed on the basis of fertility properties of crops for rotation of crop nutrient interaction and zoning crop rotation under corn soybean strip intercropping planting pattern and according to corn soybean fertilizer requirement rules, and efficient nutrient use and double high yields of intercropping groups can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of special fertilizer for corn soybean strip cropping and fertilizing method, belong to Crops in Applying Fertilizer technical field.
Background technology
Populous, the fundamental realities of the country of cultivated land resource relative shortage, determines China's agricultural and must walk high production, continuable road.Since new millennium, rapidly, grain yield achieves historical " 12 connect increasing ", for ensureing that significant contribution has been made in grain effective supply for the high investment such as paddy rice, corn, the development of high production crop.But meanwhile, soil improving crop soybean area sharply declines, and insufficiency of supply-demand is increasing, and Soybean Industry is precarious; And the series of problems such as soil fertility resource consumes excessively, farmland quality sharply declines, farmland ecological environment deterioration highlight day by day, the contradiction of national food security and resource constraint is becoming increasingly acute." high-yield and high-efficiency " and " Sustainable development " that how to realize plant husbandry is the significant challenge that China's agricultural faces, and how to realize intensive and sustainable, be the key subjects that agri-scientific research work faces simultaneously.
Corn soybean strip cropping is planted, the heavy demand of aquaculture fast development to corn soybean seed and stalk can be met, be conducive to again realizing " consumption ground with increase soil fertility combine, high starch combines with high innage albumen, plant and cultivate combination ", promote that agriculture green circulatory develops, apply in main maize area such as Huang-Huai-Hai, northwest, northeast, southwest at present, achieve corn and only to do compared with corn while the not underproduction, every mu of volume increase target increasing income 80-150 kilogram of soybean, and by the crop of fostering and apply fertilizer of soybean, every mu is reduced corn nitrogen fertilizer application 4 kilograms.Because corn soybean uptake characters differs greatly, cultivated area is large, and while ensureing corn yield, be convenient to mechanized operation in producing, and generally all need fertile kind and quantity to be as the criterion with corn, disposable employed as base manure in conjunction with turning over before broadcasting, fertilizer is caused to waste large, cost is high, the prosperous length of soybean, production declining, utilization rate of fertilizer is not high, the problems such as pollution grows worse.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a kind of special fertilizer for corn soybean strip cropping, the fertilizer utilization efficiency of this special fertilizer is high, can meet corn and the nutritional needs of soybean in process of growth, can significantly improve the output of corn and soybean simultaneously.
In order to realize above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of special fertilizer for corn soybean strip cropping, comprises Special basal fertilizer and seed manure specially, and described Special basal fertilizer by weight, comprises pure N4 part, P
2o
57 parts and K
2o5 part, total oxygen divides content to be 40wt%, and wherein the content ratio of N, P, K is 10:17.5:12.5, and described Special basal fertilizer also comprises fertilizer, and described fertilizer comprises peat, and Organic manure content is the 15wt% of Special basal fertilizer; Described seed manure specially by weight, comprises pure N10 part, P
2o
52 parts and K
2o2 part, total oxygen divides content to be 35wt%, and wherein the content ratio of N, P, K is 25:5:5, and described seed manure specially also comprises micro-fertilizer, and described micro-fertilizer comprises zinc sulfate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate and ferrous sulfate.
The present invention does mutually based on the lower crop nutrition content of corn soybean strip cropping plantation and divides the fertility crops for rotation characteristic of band crop rotation, according to the regulation of fertilizer requirement of corn, soybean, and two kinds of composite fertilizer specials of development.Special basal fertilizer needs fertile kind to be as the criterion with soybean, in conjunction with fertilizer, demand is added routinely, and seed manure specially needs fertile kind to be as the criterion with corn, increases micro-fertilizer, zinc, boron, molybdenum and ferro element are provided, supplement the not enough fertilizer of corn, this composite fertilizer special meets the cropping pattern of corn soybean strip cropping, and utilization rate of fertilizer is high, corn and the nutritional needs of soybean in process of growth can be met, achieve two high yields of corn and soybean strip type intercropping.
Preferably, in described micro-fertilizer, the weight ratio of zinc sulfate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate and ferrous sulfate is 200:100:1:20.
Preferably, the fertilizer type of described Special basal fertilizer is that particle slow release is fertile, and the fertilizer type of described seed manure specially is that particle slow release is fertile.
Preferably, the fertilizer efficiency period of described Special basal fertilizer is 50-60 days, and the fertilizer efficiency period of described seed manure specially is 80-90 days.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fertilizing method for corn soybean strip cropping, solves corn soybean banded composite plant mechanized application problem, plays the effect of spacing sleeve cropping in the utilization of resources further, ensure the Sustainable development of agricultural.
Described method adopts corn soybean Special basal fertilizer and seed manure specially to combine, Special basal fertilizer needs fertile kind and fertilizer requirement to be as the criterion with soybean, in conjunction with when turning over, full field applies, and mu executes 40kg, and seed manure specially needs fertile kind and fertilizer requirement to be as the criterion with corn, during in conjunction with corn seeding, at distance corn seeding capable 10-15cm place ditching-fertilizing, mu executes 40kg, and wherein containing micro-fertilizer every mu amount of application is zinc sulfate 1000g, boric acid 500g, ammonium molybdate 5g, ferrous sulfate 100g; Described Special basal fertilizer by weight, comprises pure N4 part, P
2o
57 parts and K
2o5 part, total oxygen divides content to be 40wt%, and wherein the content ratio of N, P, K is 10:17.5:12.5, and described Special basal fertilizer also comprises fertilizer, and described fertilizer is peat, and peat content accounts for the 15wt% of Special basal fertilizer; Described seed manure specially by weight, comprises pure N10 part, P
2o
52 parts and K
2o2 part, total oxygen divides content to be 35wt%, and wherein the content ratio of N, P, K is 25:5:5, and described seed manure specially also comprises micro-fertilizer, and described micro-fertilizer comprises zinc sulfate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate and ferrous sulfate.
The present invention does mutually based on the lower crop nutrition content of corn soybean strip cropping plantation and divides the fertility crops for rotation characteristic of band crop rotation, utilize the difference of corn soybean on fertilizer type and demand, by the method that Special basal fertilizer and seed manure specially combine, fertilizer amount is under the cropping pattern based on corn soybean strip cropping, Second Year corn planting belt and soybean are with and exchange, realize crop rotation in band between year border, ensure that soybean connects the Fertility Characteristics of batch corn well, particularly under the large-area plantation in the north, solve corn soybean banded composite plant mechanized application problem, utilization rate of fertilizer is high, reduce corn amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, cost-saving, not only achieve two high yields of corn soybean, and significantly improve the utilising efficiency of fertilizer, the effect of further performance spacing sleeve cropping in the utilization of resources, ensure the Sustainable development of agricultural.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, two volume increase of corn and soybean are achieved;
2, improve the utilising efficiency of fertilizer, decrease the amount of application of corn nitrogenous fertilizer, cost-saving;
3, solve corn soybean banded composite plant mechanized application problem, play the effect of spacing sleeve cropping in the utilization of resources further, ensure the Sustainable development of agricultural.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Carry out in test point, Renshou, Sichuan, corn river that in production, the fertilizer tolerability of spread is medium single 418 of selecting corn in production to select, soybean selects the good southern beans 12 of shade tolerance, corn soybean is (May 25) machine sowing simultaneously after rape is received, density design is corn 3500 plants/acre, soybean 8000 plants/acre, corn soybean bandwidth 2 meters, corn soybean narrow row line-spacing is 40 centimetres, spacing 60 centimetres, carry out not fertilizer treatment, conventional fertilizer application process and special fertilizer process respectively, test-results is as shown in table 1:
Table 1
Note: not fertilizer treatment: do not execute any fertilizer; Special fertilizer process: the fertilizing method combined with Special basal fertilizer and seed manure specially, Special basal fertilizer needs fertile kind and fertilizer requirement to be as the criterion with soybean, in conjunction with when turning over, full field applies, and mu executes 40kg, and seed manure specially needs fertile kind and fertilizer requirement to be as the criterion with corn, during in conjunction with corn seeding, at distance corn seeding capable 10-15cm place ditching-fertilizing, mu executes 40kg, and wherein containing micro-fertilizer every mu amount of application is zinc sulfate 1000g, boric acid 500g, ammonium molybdate 5g, ferrous sulfate 100g; Described Special basal fertilizer by weight, comprises pure N4 part, P
2o
57 parts and K
2o5 part, total oxygen divides content to be 40wt%, and wherein the content ratio of N, P, K is 10:17.5:12.5, and described Special basal fertilizer also comprises fertilizer, and described fertilizer is peat, and peat content accounts for the 15wt% of Special basal fertilizer; Described seed manure specially by weight, comprises pure N10 part, P
2o
52 parts and K
2o2 part, total oxygen divides content to be 35wt%, and wherein the content ratio of N, P, K is 25:5:5, and described seed manure specially also comprises micro-fertilizer, and described micro-fertilizer comprises zinc sulfate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate and ferrous sulfate; Conventional fertilizer application process: the fertilizer application amount of conventional fertilizer application is consistent with special fertilizer, corn phosphate fertilizer, that base fertilizer made by potash fertilizer is disposable employed, and nitrogenous fertilizer is in base fertilizer: attacking ear manuer ratio is that 5:5 uses, and soybean fertilizer is all disposable employed with base fertilizer; Lowercase in table after data represent everywhere reason between in 5% level significant difference.
This test point result is: compare with not applying fertilizer with conventional fertilizer application, the output of special fertilizer process corn and soybean is all significantly higher than conventional fertilizer application and non-fertilizer treatment, corn yield more not fertilizer treatment and conventional fertilizer application process increases production 42.02%, 18.14% respectively, and soybean increases production 47.07%, 10.58% respectively.
Embodiment 2
Carry out in test point, Henan Yong Cheng, Zheng Dan 958 selected by corn, soybean selects Ji beans 21, and corn soybean is (June 5) machine sowing simultaneously after little wheat harvest, and density design is corn 4500 plants/acre, soybean 9000 plants/acre, corn soybean bandwidth 2.2 meters, corn soybean narrow row line-spacing is 40 centimetres, spacing 70 centimetres, carry out conventional fertilizer application process and special fertilizer process respectively, test-results is as shown in table 2:
Table 2
Note: conventional fertilizer application process: the fertilizer application amount of conventional fertilizer application is consistent with special fertilizer, in conjunction with machine sowing corn phosphate fertilizer, that base fertilizer made by potash fertilizer is disposable employed, and nitrogenous fertilizer is in base fertilizer: the fertile ratio of jointing is that 5:5 uses, and soybean fertilizer is all disposable employed with base fertilizer; Special fertilizer process: as described in Example 1.
This test point result is: compared with conventional fertilizer application, the output of special fertilizer process corn and soybean all higher than conventional fertilizer application, corn yield increasing 9.28%, soybean yield-increasing 53.23%.
Embodiment 3
Carry out in Hui Ning test point, Gansu, Shen Dan 16 selected by corn, soybean selects neat yellow 36, and corn soybean is in machine sowing simultaneously on May 8, and density design is corn 4500 plants/acre, soybean 18000 plants/acre, corn soybean bandwidth 2.2 meters, corn soybean narrow row line-spacing is 40 centimetres, spacing 70 centimetres, carry out conventional fertilizer application process and special fertilizer process respectively, test-results is as shown in table 3:
Table 3
Note: conventional fertilizer application process: the fertilizer application amount of conventional fertilizer application is consistent with special fertilizer, in conjunction with machine sowing corn phosphate fertilizer, that base fertilizer made by potash fertilizer is disposable employed, nitrogenous fertilizer is in base fertilizer: the fertile ratio of jointing is that 5:5 uses, soybean fertilizer phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer bottom application, and nitrogenous fertilizer combines to pour water at the florescence and imposes N4kg/ mu; Special fertilizer process: as described in Example 1.
This test point result is: compared with conventional fertilizer application, special fertilizer process corn yield, higher than conventional fertilizer application process, is mainly manifested in spike number and grain remarkable increase heavily, corn yield increasing 12.22%, effective strain number of special fertilizer processed soybeans and grain number are significantly increased, soybean yields volume increase 23.47%.
Embodiment 4
Carry out in test point, Fuyang, corn selects grand flat 267, soybean selects Anhui beans 28, and corn soybean is (June 7) machine sowing simultaneously after little wheat harvest, and density design is corn 4500 plants/acre, soybean 9000 plants/acre, corn soybean bandwidth 2.0 meters, corn soybean narrow row line-spacing is 40 centimetres, spacing 60 centimetres, carry out conventional fertilizer application process and special fertilizer process respectively, test-results is as shown in table 4:
Table 4
Note: conventional fertilizer application process: the fertilizer application amount of conventional fertilizer application is consistent with special fertilizer, in conjunction with machine sowing corn phosphate fertilizer, that base fertilizer made by potash fertilizer is disposable employed, and nitrogenous fertilizer is in base fertilizer: the fertile ratio of jointing is that 5:5 uses, and soybean fertilizer is all disposable employed with base fertilizer; Special fertilizer process: as described in Example 1.
This test point result is: compared with conventional fertilizer application, and between output two process of special fertilizer process corn and soybean, difference is remarkable, and main manifestations is the increase of effective strain number.
Embodiment 5
Carry out in Heze City, Shandong Province test point, corn is selected and is dredged single 20, soybean selects neat yellow 34, and corn soybean is (June 12) machine sowing simultaneously after little wheat harvest, and density design is corn 4500 plants/acre, soybean 9000 plants/acre, corn soybean bandwidth 2.2 meters, corn soybean narrow row line-spacing is 40 centimetres, spacing 70 centimetres, carry out conventional fertilizer application process and special fertilizer process respectively, test-results is as shown in table 5:
Table 5
Note: conventional fertilizer application process: the fertilizer application amount of conventional fertilizer application is consistent with special fertilizer, in conjunction with machine sowing corn phosphate fertilizer, that base fertilizer made by potash fertilizer is disposable employed, and nitrogenous fertilizer is in base fertilizer: the fertile ratio of jointing is that 5:5 uses, and soybean fertilizer is all disposable employed with base fertilizer; Special fertilizer process: as described in Example 1.
This test point result is: compared with conventional fertilizer application, and special fertilizer process corn yield is higher than conventional fertilizer application method, and volume increase 7.74%, is mainly manifested in the increase that grain is heavy, and between output two process of soybean, difference is not remarkable.
Embodiment 6
Carry out in test point, Fujin, Heilungkiang, sub-No. 3 of dolantin selected by corn, soybean is selected and closes agriculture 61, and corn soybean is in machine sowing simultaneously on May 19, and Corn Densities designs 5500 plants/acre, soybean 5000 plants/acre, the line-spacings such as corn soybean is capable of 4:2, bandwidth 3.9 meters, corn soybean cultivation line-spacing is 65 centimetres, carry out conventional fertilizer application process and special fertilizer process respectively, test-results is as shown in table 6:
Table 6
Note: conventional fertilizer application process: base fertilizer mu executes urea 8.67kg, diammonium phosphate 12.5kg, Repone K 10kg, seed manure mu executes urea 3.33kg, diammonium phosphate 5kg, Repone K 3.33kg, and the mu that topdresses executes urea 6.67kg, potassium sulfate 6.67kg; Special fertilizer process: as described in Example 1.
This test point result is: compared with conventional fertilizer application, and special fertilizer process corn yield is higher than conventional fertilizer application method, and volume increase 6.12%, soybean yields is compared with fertilizing method with common fertilizer, significantly increases production, and volume increase 42.96%, conventional fertilizer application process causes the prosperous length of soybean serious.
Embodiment 7
Carry out in test point, Songming, Yunnan, Yun Rui 47 selected by corn, soybean selects No. 7, Yunnan beans, and corn soybean is in machine sowing simultaneously on May 15, and density design is corn 4000 plants/acre, soybean 8000 plants/acre, corn soybean bandwidth 2.2 meters, corn soybean narrow row line-spacing is 40 centimetres, spacing 70 centimetres, carry out conventional fertilizer application process and special fertilizer process respectively, test-results is as shown in table 7:
Table 7
Note: conventional fertilizer application process: composite fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15) is as base fertilizer, and mu executes 15kg, the corn 5-8 leaf phase imposes urea, mu executes 15kg, the corn 9-13 leaf phase imposes urea, and mu executes 25kg, and the content of total N, P, K is respectively 20.8kg/ mu, 2.25kg/ mu and 2.25kg/ mu; Special fertilizer process: as described in Example 1.
This test point result is: compared with conventional fertilizer application, special fertilizer process corn yield is significantly higher than conventional fertilizer application method, corn yield increasing 30.10%, soybean yields is compared with fertilizing method with common fertilizer, difference is not remarkable, and the ultimate production special fertilizer process of corn and soybean is significantly higher than conventional fertilizer application process, volume increase 20.20%, the gross output value special fertilizer process of corn and soybean is higher than conventional fertilizer application process, and the gross output value goes up 12.10%.
Claims (7)
1. for a special fertilizer for corn soybean strip cropping, it is characterized in that, described special fertilizer comprises Special basal fertilizer and seed manure specially, and described Special basal fertilizer by weight, comprises pure N4 part, P
2o
57 parts and K
2o5 part, total oxygen divides content to be 40wt%, and wherein the content ratio of N, P, K is 10:17.5:12.5, and described Special basal fertilizer also comprises fertilizer, and described fertilizer comprises peat, and Organic manure content is the 15wt% of Special basal fertilizer; Described seed manure specially by weight, comprises pure N10 part, P
2o
52 parts and K
2o2 part, total oxygen divides content to be 35wt%, and wherein the content ratio of N, P, K is 25:5:5, and described seed manure specially also comprises micro-fertilizer, and described micro-fertilizer comprises zinc sulfate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate and ferrous sulfate.
2. a kind of special fertilizer for corn soybean strip cropping according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described micro-fertilizer, the weight ratio of zinc sulfate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate and ferrous sulfate is 200:100:1:20.
3. a kind of special fertilizer for corn soybean strip cropping according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the fertilizer type of described Special basal fertilizer is that particle slow release is fertile.
4. a kind of special fertilizer for corn soybean strip cropping according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the fertilizer type of described seed manure specially is that particle slow release is fertile.
5. a kind of special fertilizer for corn soybean strip cropping according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the fertilizer efficiency period of described Special basal fertilizer is 50-60 days.
6. a kind of special fertilizer for corn soybean strip cropping according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the fertilizer efficiency period of described seed manure specially is 80-90 days.
7. the fertilizing method for corn soybean strip cropping, it is characterized in that, the special fertilizer that described method adopts corn soybean Special basal fertilizer and seed manure specially to combine applies fertilizer, Special basal fertilizer mu executes 40kg, and in conjunction with when turning over, full field applies, seed manure specially mu executes 40kg, wherein containing micro-fertilizer every mu amount of application is zinc sulfate 1000g, boric acid 500g, ammonium molybdate 5g, ferrous sulfate 100g, during in conjunction with corn seeding, is applying apart from corn seeding capable 10-15cm place trench digging; Described Special basal fertilizer by weight, comprises pure N4 part, P
2o
57 parts and K
2o5 part, total oxygen divides content to be 40wt%, and wherein the content ratio of N, P, K is 10:17.5:12.5, and described Special basal fertilizer also comprises fertilizer, and described fertilizer comprises peat, and Organic manure content is the 15wt% of Special basal fertilizer; Described seed manure specially by weight, comprises pure N10 part, P
2o
52 parts and K
2o2 part, total oxygen divides content to be 35wt%, and wherein the content ratio of N, P, K is 25:5:5, and described seed manure specially also comprises micro-fertilizer, and described micro-fertilizer comprises zinc sulfate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate and ferrous sulfate.
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