CN105399413B - 一种低介电常数、低损耗的微波介质陶瓷及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种低介电常数、低损耗的微波介质陶瓷及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种低介电常数、低损耗的微波介质陶瓷,所述微波介质陶瓷的主晶相结构式为:xZnO‑yMgO‑zB2O3,其中x、y、z为摩尔比,1≤x≤3,0.2≤y≤1,1≤z≤3,并在该主组成中加入质量分数为5‑20%的SiO2、质量分数为1‑4%的TiO2和质量分数为5‑15%的Al2O3。本发明还公开了一种低介电常数、低损耗的微波介质陶瓷制备方法。与传统的陶瓷固相反应合成粉体工艺相比,本发明方法采用熔融水淬法制备陶瓷粉体,所获得陶瓷相对于用传统法方法具有更低的烧结温度,本发明微波介质陶瓷具有低介电常数,低介电损耗,良好温度稳定性的优点,与传统Al2O3基陶瓷基板比较,具有更短的信号延迟时间。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及介质陶瓷及其制造领域,尤其涉及一种低介电常数、低损耗的微波介质陶瓷及制备方法。
背景技术
微波介质陶瓷(Microwave Dielectric Ceramics,MWDC)应用于微波频段(300MHz~300GHz)电路中作为介质材料并完成一种或多种功能的陶瓷,在现代通讯中被广泛用作谐振器、滤波器、介质天线和介质导波回路等元器件,是现代通信技术的关键基础材料,已在便携式移动电话、汽车电话、无绳电话、电视卫星接受器和军事雷达等方面有着十分重要的应用,在现代通讯工具的小型化、集成化过程中正发挥着越来越大的作用。
应用于微波频段的介质陶瓷通常需要满足如下三个条件:(1)适宜的介电常数以利于器件的小型化(介质元器件的尺寸与介电常数εr的平方根成反比);(2)高的品质因数Q以降低损耗,一般要求Q×f≥3000GHz(其中f为谐振频率);(3)稳定的频率温度系数,以保证器件的温度稳定性。上世纪70年代以来,开始了大规模的对介质陶瓷材料的开发工作,根据相对介电常数εr的大小与使用频段的不同,通常可将已被开发和正在开发的微波介质陶瓷分为四类。
1、超低介电常数微波介电陶瓷,主要代表是Al2O3-TiO2、Y2BaCuO5、MgAl2O4和Mg2SiO4等,其εr≤20,品质因数Q×f≥50000GHz,τf≤10ppm/℃。主要用于微波基板以及高端微波元器件。
2、低εr和高Q值的微波介电陶瓷,主要是BaO-MgO-Ta2O5,BaO-ZnO-Ta2O5或BaO-MgO-Nb2O5,BaO-ZnO-Nb2O5系统或它们之间的复合系统MWDC材料。其εr=20~35,Q=(1~2)×104(在f≥10GHz下),τf≈0。主要应用于f≥8GHz的卫星直播等微波通信机中作为介质谐振器件。
3、中等εr和Q值的微波介电陶瓷,主要是以BaTi4O9、Ba2Ti9O20和(Zr、Sn)TiO4等为基的MWDC材料,其εr=35~45,Q=(6~9)×103(在f=3~-4GHz下),τf≤5ppm/℃。主要用于4~8GHz频率范围内的微波军用雷达及通信系统中作为介质谐振器件。
4、高εr而Q值较低的微波介电陶瓷,主要用于0.8~4GHz频率范围内民用移动通讯系统。
综上所述,低介电常数微波介质陶瓷可用于微波电路基板、射频电子标签(RFID)电路基板、电子封装领域。目前市场上广泛采用Al2O3陶瓷应用于该领域中,虽然该陶瓷材料具有很高的品质因子,但是Al2O3具有相对较高的介电常数(9-10),将该材料应用于高速、高频电路基板、电子封装领域时,该材料的烧结温度较高且存在较大的信号延迟,随着对于信号传输的速度的提升以及高频通信的发展需求,则需要更低介电常数及更低烧结温度的陶瓷材料。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于如何克服现有的低介电常数微波介质陶瓷频率温度系数不稳定,且介电常数高、损耗高等的缺陷。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种低介电常数、低损耗的微波介质陶瓷,所述微波介质陶瓷的主晶相结构式为:xZnO-yMgO-zB2O3,其中x、y、z为摩尔比,1≤x≤3,0.2≤y≤1,1≤z≤3。
进一步地,所述微波介质陶瓷的主晶相的原料为:ZnO、MgO和H3BO3。
具体地,所述微波介质陶瓷还包括质量分数为5-20%的SiO2、质量分数为1-4%的TiO2和质量分数为5-15%的Al2O3。
相应地,本发明还提供了一种低介电常数、低损耗的微波介质陶瓷制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将原料ZnO、MgO和H3BO3按化学式为xZnO-yMgO-zB2O3的组成配料,其中1≤x≤3,0.2≤y≤1,1≤z≤3,并将按照所述化学式配料的原料混合物置入球磨机中,加入去离子水和球磨介质进行球磨混合;
S2、将球磨后的原料混合物干燥后,高温熔融,再倒入去离子水急冷得到固态物质;
S3、在所述固态物质中加入SiO2、TiO2和Al2O3,并置入球磨机中,加入去离子水和球磨介质进行球磨混合,制备得到浆料;
S4、将所述浆料进行干燥,加入聚乙烯缩丁醛溶液作为粘接剂进行造粒;
S5、以干压成型方法制备得到素坯,将所述素坯排胶并烧结制备得到微波介质陶瓷。
具体地,在所述步骤S3中,SiO2、TiO2和Al2O3的质量分数分别为:5-20%、1-4%和5-15%。
进一步地,所述步骤S5中制备得到素坯后具体包括:
S501、将所述素坯置入高温炉中梯度缓慢升温进行排胶;
S502、将排胶后的素坯置于高温炉中梯度缓慢升温,冷却至室温制备得到微波介质陶瓷。
进一步地,所述步骤S501中的梯度缓慢升温过程具体为:以0.5℃/min的升温速度升温至100℃,保温0.5-1h,再以1℃/min的升温速度升温至400-600℃,保温1-3h;所述步骤S502中的梯度缓慢升温过程具体为:以2℃/min的升温速度升温至500℃,再以5-10℃/min的升温速度升温至700-950℃,保温0.5-2h。
其中,选择梯度缓慢升温的原理主要是:在成型时所引入的粘接剂为有机物,因此在排胶阶段需要缓慢升温,避免过快升温所导致的有机物分解产生的气体体积急剧增加而导致成型坯体破损;在烧结时,也是由于坯体对于环境水分的吸收以及排胶过程中所残留的有机残渣需要在一次缓慢升温以避免陶瓷坯体开裂破损,由于有机残渣的存在会恶化微波介电性能;为了避免由于升温过快陶瓷颗粒之间的快速粘接影响坯体中气体的排出采用梯度缓慢升温方式。
进一步地,在所述步骤S2中,高温熔融的温度为1100-1200℃,熔融时间为0.5-2h。
进一步地,所述步骤S1和S3中的球磨介质为直径为2mm的氧化锆球,球磨条件为在转速为300-350rpm下球磨6-8h;所述步骤S4中造粒具体为:加入质量分数为5-10%的聚乙烯缩丁醛溶液作为粘接剂,并在温度为50-60℃下干燥0.5-3h。
进一步地,所述步骤S4中将所述浆料烘干的条件为:在温度为80℃下干燥10-18h;所述步骤S5中干压成型的成型压力为200-240MPa。
本发明的低介电常数、低损耗的微波介质陶瓷及制备方法,具有如下有益效果:
1、与传统的陶瓷固相反应合成粉体工艺相比,本发明方法采用熔融水淬法制备陶瓷粉体,所获得陶瓷相对于用传统法方法具有更低的烧结温度。
2、本发明使用的原材料与最终产物均不含环境有害物质,环保性能好;且本发明涉及的工艺步骤及相应配方范围较宽,易于生产控制。
3、本发明采用梯度缓慢升温使得坯体得到最优的排胶和烧结的处理,排出各种不良影响因素,最终制备出性能优异的微波介电陶瓷。
4、本发明微波介质陶瓷具有低介电常数(6-7),低介电损耗,良好温度稳定性的优点,与传统Al2O3基陶瓷基板比较,具有更短的信号延迟时间。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其它附图。
图1是本发明的低介电常数、低损耗的微波介质陶瓷及制备方法的方法流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一:
本发明提供了一种低介电常数、低损耗的微波介质陶瓷,所述微波介质陶瓷的主晶相结构式为:xZnO-yMgO-zB2O3,其中x=1、y=0.2、z=3,且所述微波介质陶瓷的主晶相的原料为:ZnO、MgO和H3BO3,所述微波介质陶瓷还包括质量分数分别为20%、1%和10%的SiO2、TiO2和Al2O3。
相应地,本发明还提供了一种低介电常数、低损耗的微波介质陶瓷制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将原料ZnO、MgO和H3BO3按化学式为xZnO-yMgO-zB2O3的组成配料,其中x=1、y=0.2、z=3,并将按照所述化学式配料的原料混合物置入球磨机中,加入去离子水和直径为2mm的氧化锆球在转速为350rpm下球磨6h;
S2、将球磨后的原料混合物干燥后,在温度为1100℃下高温熔融2h,再倒入去离子水急冷得到固态物质;
S3、在所述固态物质中加入质量分数分别为20%、1%和10%的SiO2、TiO2和Al2O3,并置入球磨机中,加入去离子水和直径为2mm的氧化锆球在转速为350rpm下球磨6h;
S4、将所述浆料在温度为80℃下干燥10h,加入质量分数为5%的聚乙烯缩丁醛溶液作为粘接剂,并在温度为50℃下干燥3h进行造粒;
S5、以干压成型方法制备得到素坯,其中干压成型的成型压力为200MPa,将所述素坯置入高温炉中以0.5℃/min的升温速度升温至100℃,保温0.5h,再以1℃/min的升温速度升温至400℃,保温3h进行排胶;将排胶后的素坯置于高温炉中以2℃/min的升温速度升温至500℃,再以5℃/min的升温速度升温至700℃,保温2h,冷却至室温制备得到微波介质陶瓷。
实施例二:
本发明提供了一种低介电常数、低损耗的微波介质陶瓷,所述微波介质陶瓷的主晶相结构式为:xZnO-yMgO-zB2O3,其中x=2、y=1、z=2,且所述微波介质陶瓷的主晶相的原料为:ZnO、MgO和H3BO3,所述微波介质陶瓷还包括质量分数分别为15%、2%和5%的SiO2、TiO2和Al2O3。
相应地,本发明还提供了一种低介电常数、低损耗的微波介质陶瓷制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将原料ZnO、MgO和H3BO3按化学式为xZnO-yMgO-zB2O3的组成配料,其中x=2、y=1、z=2,并将按照所述化学式配料的原料混合物置入球磨机中,加入去离子水和直径为2mm的氧化锆球在转速为300rpm下球磨8h;
S2、将球磨后的原料混合物干燥后,在温度为1200℃下高温熔融0.5h,再倒入去离子水急冷得到固态物质;
S3、在所述固态物质中加入质量分数分别为15%、2%和5%的SiO2、TiO2和Al2O3,并置入球磨机中,加入去离子水和直径为2mm的氧化锆球在转速为300rpm下球磨8h;
S4、将所述浆料在温度为80℃下干燥18h,加入质量分数为10%的聚乙烯缩丁醛溶液作为粘接剂,并在温度为60℃下干燥0.5h进行造粒;
S5、以干压成型方法制备得到素坯,其中干压成型的成型压力为240MPa,将所述素坯置入高温炉中以0.5℃/min的升温速度升温至100℃,保温1h,再以1℃/min的升温速度升温至600℃,保温1h进行排胶;将排胶后的素坯置于高温炉中以2℃/min的升温速度升温至500℃,再以10℃/min的升温速度升温至950℃,保温0.5h,冷却至室温制备得到微波介质陶瓷。
实施例三:
本发明提供了一种低介电常数、低损耗的微波介质陶瓷,所述微波介质陶瓷的主晶相结构式为:xZnO-yMgO-zB2O3,其中x=3、y=0.5、z=1,且所述微波介质陶瓷的主晶相的原料为:ZnO、MgO和H3BO3,所述微波介质陶瓷还包括质量分数分别为5%、4%和15%的SiO2、TiO2和Al2O3。
相应地,本发明还提供了一种低介电常数、低损耗的微波介质陶瓷制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将原料ZnO、MgO和H3BO3按化学式为xZnO-yMgO-zB2O3的组成配料,其中x=3、y=0.5、z=1,并将按照所述化学式配料的原料混合物置入球磨机中,加入去离子水和直径为2mm的氧化锆球在转速为320rpm下球磨7h;
S2、将球磨后的原料混合物干燥后,在温度为1150℃下高温熔融1h,再倒入去离子水急冷得到固态物质;
S3、在所述固态物质中加入质量分数分别为5%、4%和15%的SiO2、TiO2和Al2O3,并置入球磨机中,加入去离子水和直径为2mm的氧化锆球在转速为320rpm下球磨7h;
S4、将所述浆料在温度为80℃下干燥15h,加入质量分数为8%的聚乙烯缩丁醛溶液作为粘接剂,并在温度为55℃下干燥1.5h进行造粒;
S5、以干压成型方法制备得到素坯,其中干压成型的成型压力为240MPa,将所述素坯置入高温炉中以0.5℃/min的升温速度升温至100℃,保温1h,再以0.5℃/min的升温速度升温至500℃,保温2h进行排胶;将排胶后的素坯置于高温炉中以2℃/min的升温速度升温至500℃,再以8℃/min的升温速度升温至850℃,保温1.5h,冷却至室温制备得到微波介质陶瓷。
本发明以硼酸盐为基础材料,通过熔融法制备陶瓷粉体原料,通过配方调整,获得了具有低介电常数、低介电损耗和良好温度稳定性的微波介质陶瓷,且该陶瓷烧结温度低(700-950℃),能应用于高速、高频电路基板、射频电子标签(RFID)基板以及电子封装等领域。
经测试,实施例一至实施例三所获得的陶瓷性能如下表所示:
实施例 | 介电常数 | 介电损耗 | 介电常数温度系数 | 密度(g/cm3) |
一 | 6.5 | 0.0002 | -5ppm/℃ | 3.75 |
二 | 6.2 | 0.0001 | 3ppm/℃ | 3.82 |
三 | 6.8 | 0.0003 | 7ppm/℃ | 3.94 |
本发明的低介电常数、低损耗的微波介质陶瓷及制备方法,具有如下有益效果:
1、与传统的陶瓷固相反应合成粉体工艺相比,本发明方法采用熔融水淬法制备陶瓷粉体,所获得陶瓷相对于用传统法方法具有更低的烧结温度。
2、本发明使用的原材料与最终产物均不含环境有害物质,环保性能好;且本发明涉及的工艺步骤及相应配方范围较宽,易于生产控制。
3、本发明采用梯度缓慢升温使得坯体得到最优的排胶和烧结的处理,排出各种不良影响因素,最终制备出性能优异的微波介电陶瓷。
4、本发明微波介质陶瓷具有低介电常数(6-7),低介电损耗,良好温度稳定性的优点,与传统Al2O3基陶瓷基板比较,具有更短的信号延迟时间。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种低介电常数、低损耗的微波介质陶瓷,其特征在于,所述微波介质陶瓷的主晶相结构式为:xZnO-yMgO-zB2O3,其中x、y、z为摩尔比,1≤x≤3,0.2≤y≤1,1≤z≤3;
所述低介电常数、低损耗的微波介质陶瓷的制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1、将原料ZnO、MgO和H3BO3按化学式为xZnO-yMgO-zB2O3的组成配料,其中1≤x≤3,0.2≤y≤1,1≤z≤3,并将按照所述化学式配料的原料混合物置入球磨机中,加入去离子水和球磨介质进行球磨混合;
S2、将球磨后的原料混合物干燥后,高温熔融,再倒入去离子水急冷得到固态物质;
S3、在所述固态物质中加入SiO2、TiO2和Al2O3,并置入球磨机中,加入去离子水和球磨介质进行球磨混合,制备得到浆料;
S4、将所述浆料进行干燥,加入聚乙烯缩丁醛溶液作为粘接剂进行造粒;
S5、以干压成型方法制备得到素坯,将所述素坯排胶并烧结制备得到微波介质陶瓷。
2.根据权利要求1所述的低介电常数、低损耗的微波介质陶瓷,其特征在于,所述微波介质陶瓷的主晶相的原料为:ZnO、MgO和H3BO3。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的低介电常数、低损耗的微波介质陶瓷,其特征在于,所述微波介质陶瓷还包括质量分数为5-20%的SiO2、质量分数为1-4%的TiO2和质量分数为5-15%的Al2O3。
4.根据权利要求1所述的低介电常数、低损耗的微波介质陶瓷, 其特征在于,在所述步骤S3中,SiO2的质量分数为5-20%、TiO2的质量分数为1-4%和Al2O3的质量分数为5-15%。
5.根据权利要求4所述的低介电常数、低损耗的微波介质陶瓷,其特征在于,所述步骤S5中制备得到素坯后具体包括:
S501、将所述素坯置入高温炉中梯度缓慢升温进行排胶;
S502、将排胶后的素坯置于高温炉中梯度缓慢升温,冷却至室温制备得到微波介质陶瓷。
6.根据权利要求5所述的低介电常数、低损耗的微波介质陶瓷,其特征在于,
所述步骤S501中的梯度缓慢升温过程具体为:以0.5℃/min的升温速度升温至100℃,保温0.5-1h,再以1℃/min的升温速度升温至400-600℃,保温1-3h;
所述步骤S502中的梯度缓慢升温过程具体为:以2℃/min的升温速度升温至500℃,再以5-10℃/min的升温速度升温至700-950℃,保温0.5-2h。
7.根据权利要求4-6任意一项所述的低介电常数、低损耗的微波介质陶瓷,其特征在于,在所述步骤S2中,高温熔融的温度为1100-1200℃,熔融时间为0.5-2h。
8.根据权利要求7所述的低介电常数、低损耗的微波介质陶瓷,其特征在于,
所述步骤S1和S3中的球磨介质为直径为2mm的氧化锆球,球磨条件为在转速为300-350rpm下球磨6-8h;
所述步骤S4中造粒具体为:加入质量分数为5-10%的聚乙烯缩丁醛溶液作为粘接剂,并在温度为50-60℃下干燥0.5-3h。
9.根据权利要求8所述的低介电常数、低损耗的微波介质陶瓷,其特征在于,
所述步骤S4中将所述浆料烘干的条件为:在温度为80℃下干燥10-18h;
所述步骤S5中干压成型的成型压力为200-240MPa。
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