CN105395710A - 含有艾叶的治疗眼底出血的中药制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
含有艾叶的治疗眼底出血的中药制剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于中药技术领域,公开了含有艾叶的治疗眼底出血的中药制剂及其制备方法。本发明中药制剂由以下重量份的药材组成:艾叶12-20份、鸡血藤10-18份、菊花10-20份、路路通8-18份、蔓荆子12-18份、决明子12-16份、刺蒺藜8-16份、黄芪6-16份、川芎8-12份、桂枝6-12份、木耳4-12份和甘草4-12份。本发明采用天然中药,毒副作用小,疗效显著,弥补了现有技术的不足,减轻眼底出血患者的痛苦,具有广阔的临床应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药技术领域,尤其涉及含有艾叶的治疗眼底出血的中药制剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
眼底出血不是一种独立的眼病,而是许多眼病和某些全身疾病所共有的特征,常见于高血压视网膜病变、糖尿病及肾病引起的视网膜病变。常见临床表现为视网膜静脉周围炎、视网膜静脉阻塞、视盘血管炎以及血液病引起视网膜病变、眼外伤性眼底出血等。本病病因复杂,病程长,易反复发作,严重影响视力,引起诸多严重的并发症。如黄斑病变(黄斑囊样水肿、黄斑变性)、新生血管性青光眼、玻璃体积血、视神经萎缩、增殖性视网膜病变、牵拉性视网膜脱离,如不及时有效的治疗,常可导致失明。
目前现代医学采用激光疗法、纤溶剂、抗血小板凝聚剂等西医治疗方法,但只能治疗已经存在的新生血管和控制病情,不能阻止新的新生血管的形成,治愈后易复发。因此,可以在采用激光及西药的同时,以及在病情恢复的过程中,争取更多的机会运用中药以达到标本兼治的效果。本病根据出血的多少以及部位属中医“视瞻昏渺”,“云雾移晴”和“暴盲”等范畴,是由于七情所伤,外感邪热之毒,久病伤及肾阴,气血亏损及撞击伤目所致气滞血瘀,肝肾不足,目失所养。目前已经有安雪颗粒剂、糖网汤、排液汤等多个中药制剂用于糖尿病眼底病变的治疗时对于糖尿病引起的玻璃体积血、黄斑水肿等症状具有一定得缓解作用,但仍存在治疗效果不甚满意,复发率高的缺陷。
中国专利CN102895573A公开了一种治疗眼底出血的药剂,该药剂由下述药材制成:地锦草、甘草、马尾连、伊贝母、苦地丁、云母、远志、竹菇、决明子、当归、京大戟、肉苁蓉、百合、五味子和土茯苓。该药剂都采用天然中药材制成,疗效明确,可有效地治疗眼底出血,但是对于恢复视力的效果并不理想。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供含有艾叶的治疗眼底出血的中药制剂,使其充分发挥中药的调理作用,对治疗眼底出血有显著的治疗效果,能够克服行业共性技术难题。
为实现本发明的目的,本发明技术方案如下:
本发明中药制剂由以下重量份的药材组成:艾叶12-20份、鸡血藤10-18份、菊花10-20份、路路通8-18份、蔓荆子12-18份、决明子12-16份、刺蒺藜8-16份、黄芪6-16份、川芎8-12份、桂枝6-12份、木耳4-12份和甘草4-12份。
在该重量份的范围内,优选了3个疗效较为显著的配方:
配方1:艾叶12份、鸡血藤10份、菊花10份、路路通8份、蔓荆子12份、决明子12份、刺蒺藜8份、黄芪6份、川芎8份、桂枝6份、木耳4份和甘草4份。
配方2:艾叶20份、鸡血藤18份、菊花20份、路路通18份、蔓荆子18份、决明子16份、刺蒺藜16份、黄芪16份、川芎12份、桂枝12份、木耳12份和甘草12份。
配方3:艾叶16份、鸡血藤14份、菊花15份、路路通14份、蔓荆子15份、决明子14份、刺蒺藜12份、黄芪10份、川芎10份、桂枝9份、木耳8份和甘草6份。
相应地,本发明还提供本发明所述中药制剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、按比例分别称取各味原料药材,去杂质,洗净,烘干,粉碎成粗粉,备用;
步骤2、将艾叶、鸡血藤、菊花、刺蒺藜、桂枝、木耳和甘草粗粉混合,加8-10倍药材重量的纯化水,煎煮2-3次,每次2-3小时,过滤并保留滤渣,合并滤液,滤液浓缩成60℃时相对密度为1.05-1.15的水提浓缩液,备用;
步骤3、将路路通、蔓荆子、决明子、黄芪和川芎粗粉混合,与步骤2所述的滤渣混合后加6-8倍药材总重量体积分数为60-80%的乙醇,回流提取2-3次,每次3-6小时,合并醇提液,减压蒸馏除去乙醇,滤液浓缩至60℃环境下相对密度为1.15-1.20的醇提浓缩液,备用;
步骤4、将步骤2所得水提浓缩液和步骤3所得醇提浓缩液合并,减压干燥,粉碎研磨,过100-200目筛,即得。
进一步地,利用现代中药制剂常规工艺可将本发明中药制剂制成临床所需各种剂型,例如片剂、丸剂、散剂或胶囊剂等。
本发明中药组方所用中药材的来源、性味、归经及功效:
艾叶:本品为菊科植物艾的干燥叶。味辛、苦,性温;归肝、脾、肾经;散寒止痛,温经止血。
鸡血藤:本品为豆科植物密花豆的干燥藤茎。味苦、甘,性温;归肝、肾经;补血,活血,通络。
菊花:本品为菊科植物菊的干燥头状花序;味甘、苦,性微寒;归肺、肝经;散风清热,平肝明目。
路路通:本品为金缕梅科植物枫香树的干燥成熟果序;味苦,性平;归肝、肾经;祛风活络,利水通经。
蔓荆子:本品为马鞭草科植物单叶蔓荆或蔓荆的干燥成熟果实。性辛、苦,味微寒;归膀胱、肝、胃经;疏散风热,清利头目。
决明子:本品为豆科植物决明或小决明的干燥成熟种子。味甘、苦、咸,性微寒;归肝、大肠经;清热明目,润肠通便。
刺蒺藜:为蒺藜科植物蒺藜的果实。味苦、辛,性温;归肝、肺经;散风,明目,下气,行血。
黄芪:本品为豆科植物蒙古黄芪或膜荚黄芪的干燥根。味甘,性温;归心、肺、脾、肾经;补气固表,利尿托毒,排脓,敛疮生肌。
川芎:本品为伞形科植物川芎的干燥根茎。味辛,性温;归肝、胆、心包经;活血行气,祛风止痛。
桂枝:本品为樟科植物肉桂的干燥嫩枝;味辛、甘,性温;归心、肺、膀胱经;发汗解肌,温通经脉,助阳化气,平冲降气。
木耳:本品为木耳科植物木耳的子实体;味甘,性平;入胃、大肠经;补气血,润肺,止血。
甘草:本品为豆科植物甘草、胀果甘草或光果甘草的干燥根。味甘,性平;归心、肺、脾、胃经;补脾益气,清热解毒,祛痰止咳,缓急止痛,调和诸药。
本发明中药组方的配伍分析:
本发明中药组方依据中医对眼底出血的辨证认知,遵循中药的配伍理论,为了制成方便易用且疗效稳定的制剂,强化了药材的使用量。该组方是以菊花、路路通和决明子为君药,散风清热,利水通经,清热明目;以艾叶、鸡血藤、刺蒺藜和黄芪为臣药,散寒止痛,清利头目,补气固表;以川芎、桂枝和木耳为佐药,活血行气,温通经脉;以甘草为使药,调和诸药药性,诸药配合,相辅相成,协同作用,共奏清热明目、清利头目、温通经脉等功效,对眼底出血症有十分显著的疗效。
与现有技术相比,本发明中药制剂在治疗眼底出血方面具有如下优势:
(1)与当前治疗眼底出血的化学治疗药物相比,本发明中药组方均为纯天然中药材,不良反应和副作用显著降低,作用全面,药物治疗效果佳,提高了患者的生活质量。
(2)药效学试验表明,本发明中药制剂能减轻视网膜静脉阻塞大鼠视网膜功能损害,改善眼底出血症状具有较好的疗效;此外,临床数据表示,本发明中药制剂对临床眼底出血志愿患者具有较高的治愈率和总有效率,效果显著。
具体实施方式
以下将通过具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述,本领域技术人员应理解,本发明除以下实施例外还可做出其他类似的改变获得相似的结果而不脱离本发明的内容和精神范围。
实施例1
本发明实施例1中药制剂由以下重量份的药材组成:
艾叶12份、鸡血藤10份、菊花10份、路路通8份、蔓荆子12份、决明子12份、刺蒺藜8份、黄芪6份、川芎8份、桂枝6份、木耳4份和甘草4份。
制备方法如下:
步骤1、按比例分别称取各味原料药材,去杂质,洗净,烘干,粉碎成粗粉,备用;
步骤2、将艾叶、鸡血藤、菊花、刺蒺藜、桂枝、木耳和甘草粗粉混合,加10倍药材重量的纯化水,煎煮3次,每次3小时,过滤并保留滤渣,合并滤液,滤液浓缩成60℃时相对密度为1.05的水提浓缩液,备用;
步骤3、将路路通、蔓荆子、决明子、黄芪和川芎粗粉混合,与步骤2所述的滤渣混合后加8倍药材总重量体积分数为75%的乙醇,回流提取3次,每次4小时,合并醇提液,减压蒸馏除去乙醇,滤液浓缩至60℃环境下相对密度为1.15的醇提浓缩液,备用;
步骤4、将步骤2所得水提浓缩液和步骤3所得醇提浓缩液合并,减压干燥,粉碎研磨,过200目筛,即得中药细粉;
步骤5、将步骤4所得的中药细粉中加入适当的辅料,利用中药制剂技术制成胶囊剂。
实施例2
本发明实施例2中药制剂由以下重量份的药材组成:
艾叶20份、鸡血藤18份、菊花20份、路路通18份、蔓荆子18份、决明子16份、刺蒺藜16份、黄芪16份、川芎12份、桂枝12份、木耳12份和甘草12份。
制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3
本发明实施例3中药制剂由以下重量份的药材组成:
艾叶16份、鸡血藤14份、菊花15份、路路通14份、蔓荆子15份、决明子14份、刺蒺藜12份、黄芪10份、川芎10份、桂枝9份、木耳8份和甘草6份。
制备方法同实施例1。
本发明中药制剂药效学研究:
试验例一、本发明中药制剂对视网膜静脉阻塞动物模型的影响研究
1、实验方法
取60只雌性SD大鼠,体重220-260g,随机分为6组,每组10只。其中5组经大鼠尾静脉注入孟加拉红3min后,采用波长532nm的绿激光,对距离视乳头1-3视乳头直径(PD)内的视网膜静脉段进行激光照射,激光照射后大鼠避光12h,形成一段约1PD的静脉血栓模型。将50只视网膜静脉阻塞SD大鼠随机分为模型组、阳性对照组、本发明实施例1制得的中药胶囊高、中、低剂量组,每组10只,其中阳性对照组灌胃给4g/kg的和血明目片(西安碑林药业股份有限公司生产,国药准字Z20025067),实施例1中药胶囊高、中、低剂量组给药剂量分别为4g/kg,2g/kg,1g/kg。而空白对照组和模型组灌胃给等体积的生理盐水,每天灌胃给药1次,连续给药30天。标本采集在试验期间,每周称量体重一次。末次给药后禁食24小时,采用视觉电生理学检测仪检测闪光视网膜电图(FERG)。闪光刺激参数:白色,刺激频率为2Hz,平均亮度10cd/m2,对比度90%,叠加次数64。引导电极为针形电极,置于外眦部下眼睑内缘结膜面;参考电极为自制不锈钢微型针,置于双眼连线中点骨膜;接地电极置于耳表面皮肤。动物距离闪光屏0.5m,观察FERG的b波振幅。检测完成后处死动物,解剖观察各大鼠的各脏器。
2、数据处理
数据均以平均值±标准差表示,采用SPSS19.0软件进行单因素方差分析,P<0.05表示具有显著性差异,P<0.01表示极具有显著性差异。
3、实验结果
表1本发明中药制剂对大鼠视觉功能的影响实验结果
注:与正常对照组比较,▲▲▲ P<0.001;与模型组比较,** P<0.01,*** P<0.001;与阳性对照组比较,# P<0.05,## P<0.01。
4、结论
FERG检测是一种客观、定量的测量视网膜功能的检测手段,能从视网膜的细胞水平来评价视觉功能。本实验通过研究本发明实施例1制得的中药胶囊高、中、低剂量对大鼠眼部b波振幅的影响来判定本发明中药制剂在治疗眼底出血方面的疗效。由上表1可知,模型组b波振幅与正常对照组相比极显著降低(P<0.001),说明视网膜静脉阻塞大鼠视网膜功能损害严重。本发明中药胶囊高、中、低剂量组的b波振幅与模型组相比,各组均极显著增加b波振幅(P<0.01),并且中、高剂量组的效果显著优于阳性对照组(P<0.05),而低剂量组效果与阳性对照组相当。可见,本发明中药制剂的三个剂量组均可有效改善视网膜静脉阻塞大鼠视网膜功能,尤以中高剂量效果更佳,具有良好的治疗眼底出血的效果。
试验二、本发明中药制剂对眼底出血临床志愿者患者的临床疗效观察
1、一般资料
筛选高血压眼底出血临床志愿患者共250例320只眼,其中男170例,女80例,年龄30-60岁,平均年龄45岁,病程1d-3个月。患者均由不同程度的视网膜出血、视网膜水肿或渗出斑、出血斑,视力减退,头痛头晕等症状。将所有临床志愿者患者随机分成治疗A、B、C组和对照组4组,每组80只眼,4组年龄、症状等影响因素,经统计学处理,无显著性差异,符合分组条件。
2、治疗方法
治疗A、B、C组:分别服用本发明实施例1-3制得的中药胶囊,每次2粒,一天3次,连服30日。
对照组:服用复方血栓通胶囊(广东众生药业股份有限公司生产,国药准字Z20030017),一次1片,一日3次,连服30日。
3、临床疗效评价标准
治愈:眼底出血完全吸收,视力恢复至病前水平或1.0以上;
显效:眼完全吸收,视力提高3行以上;
有效:眼底出血部分吸收,视力提高1~2行。
无效:眼底出血未吸收,视力无增加或下降。
安全性观察指标:血、尿常规以及肝、肾功能、心电图等,用药前及疗程结束时各检测1次。
4、治疗结果
表2各组治疗眼底出血的临床效果
由上表2可知,本发明中药制剂的治愈率达75%以上,总有效率达88%以上,均明显高于对照组的治愈率和总有效率。由此可见,本发明的中药制剂相对于对照组药物,对治疗眼底出血具有显著的疗效。所有受试者经体格检查,肝肾功能正常,无内分泌疾病及钙、磷代谢紊乱,进一步证实本发明用于治疗眼底出血安全有效,具有推广应用的价值。
由于已经通过以上较佳实施例描述了本发明,在本发明的精神和/或范围内,任何针对本发明的替换/或组合来实施本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说都是显而易见的,且包含在本发明之中。
Claims (7)
1.含有艾叶的治疗眼底出血的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述中药制剂由以下重量份的药材组成:
艾叶12-20份、鸡血藤10-18份、菊花10-20份、路路通8-18份、蔓荆子12-18份、决明子12-16份、刺蒺藜8-16份、黄芪6-16份、川芎8-12份、桂枝6-12份、木耳4-12份和甘草4-12份。
2.根据权利要求1所述含有艾叶的治疗眼底出血的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述中药制剂由以下重量份的药材组成:
艾叶12份、鸡血藤10份、菊花10份、路路通8份、蔓荆子12份、决明子12份、刺蒺藜8份、黄芪6份、川芎8份、桂枝6份、木耳4份和甘草4份。
3.根据权利要求1所述含有艾叶的治疗眼底出血的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述中药制剂由以下重量份的药材组成:
艾叶20份、鸡血藤18份、菊花20份、路路通18份、蔓荆子18份、决明子16份、刺蒺藜16份、黄芪16份、川芎12份、桂枝12份、木耳12份和甘草12份。
4.根据权利要求1所述含有艾叶的治疗眼底出血的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述中药制剂由以下重量份的药材组成:
艾叶16份、鸡血藤14份、菊花15份、路路通14份、蔓荆子15份、决明子14份、刺蒺藜12份、黄芪10份、川芎10份、桂枝9份、木耳8份和甘草6份。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一所述含有艾叶的治疗眼底出血的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述中药制剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤1、按比例分别称取各味原料药材,去杂质,洗净,烘干,粉碎成粗粉,备用;
步骤2、将艾叶、鸡血藤、菊花、刺蒺藜、桂枝、木耳和甘草粗粉混合,加8-10倍药材重量的纯化水,煎煮2-3次,每次2-3小时,过滤并保留滤渣,合并滤液,滤液浓缩成60℃时相对密度为1.05-1.15的水提浓缩液,备用;
步骤3、将路路通、蔓荆子、决明子、黄芪和川芎粗粉混合,与步骤2所述的滤渣混合后加6-8倍药材总重量体积分数为60-80%的乙醇,回流提取2-3次,每次3-6小时,合并醇提液,减压蒸馏除去乙醇,滤液浓缩至60℃环境下相对密度为1.15-1.20的醇提浓缩液,备用;
步骤4、将步骤2所得水提浓缩液和步骤3所得醇提浓缩液合并,减压干燥,粉碎研磨,过100-200目筛,即得。
6.根据权利要求1-4任一所述含有艾叶的治疗眼底出血的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述中药制剂被制成片剂、丸剂、散剂或胶囊剂。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一所述含有艾叶的治疗眼底出血的中药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、按比例分别称取各味原料药材,去杂质,洗净,烘干,粉碎成粗粉,备用;
步骤2、将艾叶、鸡血藤、菊花、刺蒺藜、桂枝、木耳和甘草粗粉混合,加8-10倍药材重量的纯化水,煎煮2-3次,每次2-3小时,过滤并保留滤渣,合并滤液,滤液浓缩成60℃时相对密度为1.05-1.15的水提浓缩液,备用;
步骤3、将路路通、蔓荆子、决明子、黄芪和川芎粗粉混合,与步骤2所述的滤渣混合后加6-8倍药材总重量体积分数为60-80%的乙醇,回流提取2-3次,每次3-6小时,合并醇提液,减压蒸馏除去乙醇,滤液浓缩至60℃环境下相对密度为1.15-1.20的醇提浓缩液,备用;
步骤4、将步骤2所得水提浓缩液和步骤3所得醇提浓缩液合并,减压干燥,粉碎研磨,过100-200目筛,即得。
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