CN105394775B - 一种纳米肽化活性钙 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种纳米肽化活性钙，属于食品深加工技术领域，其特征是以氯化钙为原料，经肽化处理、透析、纳米粒自组装、干燥、包装工序，制得稳定性好、吸收率高的肽化活性钙补充制剂；该工艺不需要昂贵复杂的设备，生产成本低，易于实现产业化生产，是一种绿色加工技术；本发明生产的纳米肽化活性钙，粒径均匀，稳定性好，吸收率高，吸收不依赖维生素D的摄入，并可实现肽与钙的双效同补，是一种极具市场推广前景的肽化活性钙补充制剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品深加工技术领域，具体涉及一种纳米肽化活性钙产品。
背景技术
钙是人体必需的矿物质元素之一，在骨骼组成、肌肉收缩、细胞吞噬及酶的激活等多种生命活动中具有重要作用。人体中的钙主要来自食物，由于钙的吸收利用率较低，缺钙已成为全球性的营养问题之一。我国最近一次全国膳食调查显示，膳食中钙的摄入量不到每日供给需要量800mg的一半(49.2％)，城市稍高(53.3％)，农村较低(47.1％)，儿童、孕妇、老人缺钙更为明显。在我国由缺钙造成的骨质疏松病例较30年前增加了3倍，60岁以上老人发病率达59％。因此，为保证人体健康和增强体质，科学合理地补钙并促进人体对钙的吸收至关重要。
目前市售的第一代、第二代补钙产品，其有效成分多为碳酸钙、乳酸钙或葡萄糖酸钙。碳酸钙不溶于水，进入胃以后必须由胃酸中和并解离成Ca2+才可吸收，对胃有强烈刺激性，生物利用率仅为30％-40％左右。乳酸钙、葡萄糖酸钙溶解性较好，但含钙量低，仅为13.0％和9.0％，吸收利用率30％-40％左右，且葡萄糖酸钙不适合糖尿病人群。第三代补钙产品为氨基酸螯合钙，生物利用率大大提高，达60％-80％左右，但其吸收利用受氨基酸转运载体的制约。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种纳米肽化活性钙制品，从而提供一种稳定性好、钙吸收率高的肽化活性钙补充制剂，以弥补已有钙制剂的不足。
一种纳米肽化活性钙，其特征在于所述的纳米肽化活性钙是以如下步骤进行制备：
1)肽化处理：用质量比为5％的氯化钙溶液与质量比为10％的肽溶液进行复合反应，形成肽化活性钙溶液；
肽化条件为：肽的氨基酸序列结构为DGDDGEAG(从N端到C端，-Asp-Gly-Asp-Asp-Gly-Glu-Ala-Gly-)；这种活性肽富含谷氨酸及天冬氨酸，肽与氯化钙的质量比为3-5：1、反应温度37-50℃、反应时间30-60min；
2)透析：采用透析处理去除步骤1)中的经肽化处理后的游离的钙离子和氯离子；
3)纳米粒自组装：对经过步骤2)中的肽化活性钙溶液与质量比为1-3％的壳聚糖溶液进行自组装，形成壳聚糖-肽-钙复合物纳米粒；
自组装条件为：壳聚糖与肽化活性钙的质量比为1：1-3、温度37-50℃、反应时间30-60min；
4)干燥：对经过步骤3)中纳米粒自组装后的溶液进行冷冻干燥或喷雾干燥，且在干燥前添加质量比为5％的甘露醇保护剂；
5)包装：干燥好的肽化活性钙经包装后即为纳米肽化活性钙制品。
优选的，肽化条件为肽与氯化钙的质量比为5：1、反应温度50℃、反应时间30min，自组装条件为：壳聚糖与肽化活性钙的质量比为1：1、温度50℃、反应时间30min；
优选的，本发明采用的壳聚糖的分子量大小在5-10万道尔顿之间，脱乙酰度大于90％以上，在一定的条件下，自组装成的纳米粒粒径小于600nm。
该发明的纳米肽化活性钙制备工艺简单，易于产业化，反应条件温和，是一种绿色加工技术。肽化活性钙与自然界中唯一存在的碱性阳离子多糖壳聚糖进行自组装，形成稳定的纳米粒，克服了肽化活性钙在胃肠道内吸收存在胃蛋白酶酶解、胃酸降解、肠肽酶酶解及小肠上皮细胞穿透等多重障碍，提高了肽化活性钙的生物利用率。经研究发现，本发明所得的肽化活性钙具有比氨基酸螯合钙更易吸收的特性，且运转不需要氨基酸载体、不易饱和，不引起高血钙症，对胃蛋白酶及小肠刷状缘膜酶的稳定性好，转运吸收率高，并可实现肽与钙的双效同补，是一种极具推广前景的肽化活性钙补充制剂。
附图说明
图1：本发明的纳米肽化活性钙的扫描电镜图。
图2：本发明的纳米肽化活性钙的透射电镜图。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明。
实施例1：一种纳米肽化活性钙，具体制备步骤如下：
1)肽化处理：
质量比为5％的氯化钙溶液与10％肽溶液进行复合反应，形成肽化活性钙溶液；肽与氯化钙的质量比为5：1、反应温度50℃、反应时间30min，制备肽化活性钙；
2)透析：将肽化活性钙溶液置于的分子截留量为500道尔顿的透析袋中，去除游离钙离子和氯离子；
3)纳米粒自组装：将经过透析的肽化活性钙溶液与质量比2％的壳聚糖溶进行纳米粒自组装，壳聚糖与肽化活性钙的质量比为1：1、温度50℃、反应时间30min；
4)干燥：在纳米粒体系中添加5％的甘露醇保护剂后进行冷冻干燥；
5)包装：干燥好的肽化活性钙经避光、防潮包装后，得到纳米肽化活性钙制品。
上述肽为-Asp-Gly-Asp-Asp-Gly-Glu-Ala-Gly-肽，上述壳聚糖的分子量为10万道尔顿，脱乙酰度为90％。
本发明制备的纳米肽化活性钙，扫描电镜图显示钙离子均匀结合在肽的表面，呈规整的蜂窝状结构(图1)；纳米粒粒径均匀，平均粒径小于200nm，(图2)，稳定性好，吸收率高。纳米肽化活性钙溶液在室温条件下贮藏2个月，其粒径未发生明显变化；纳米肽化活性钙溶液冷冻干燥后再复溶，其产品粒径未发生显著变化；纳米肽化活性钙经胃蛋白酶及小肠刷状缘膜酶消化后，其钙结合率仍保持在80％以上；相对于无机钙，纳米肽化活性钙在细胞水平的钙吸收率和钙保留率分别提高了9.8％和96.5％。
本发明的纳米肽化活性钙吸收率高、稳定性好，吸收不依赖维生素D的摄入，并可实现肽与钙的双效同补，是一种具有很好市场推广前景的肽、钙双效补充制剂。
Claims (2)
1.一种纳米肽化活性钙，其特征在于所述的纳米肽化活性钙是以如下步骤进行制备：
1）肽化处理：用质量比为5%的氯化钙溶液与质量比为10%的肽溶液进行复合反应，形成肽化活性钙溶液；
肽化条件为：肽的氨基酸序列结构为DGDDGEAG，从N端到C端其氨基酸序列为Asp-Gly-Asp-Asp-Gly-Glu-Ala-Gly；肽与氯化钙的质量比为3-5：1、反应温度37-50℃、反应时间30-60 min；
2）透析：采用透析处理去除步骤1）中的经肽化处理后的游离的钙离子和氯离子；
3）纳米粒自组装：对经过步骤2）中的肽化活性钙溶液与质量比为1-3%的壳聚糖溶液进行自组装，形成壳聚糖-肽-钙复合物纳米粒；
自组装条件为：壳聚糖与肽化活性钙的质量比为1：1-3、温度37-50℃、反应时间30-60min；
所述的壳聚糖分子量为5-10万道尔顿，脱乙酰度90%以上；
4）干燥：对经过步骤3）中纳米粒自组装后的溶液进行冷冻干燥或喷雾干燥，且在干燥前添加质量比为5%的甘露醇保护剂；
5）包装：干燥好的肽化活性钙经包装后即为纳米肽化活性钙制品；
所得的纳米粒平均粒径小于200nm。
2.如权利要求1所述的纳米肽化活性钙，其特征在于，肽化条件为肽与氯化钙的质量比为5：1、反应温度50℃、反应时间30 min，自组装条件为：壳聚糖与肽化活性钙的质量比为1：1、温度50℃、反应时间30min。
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