CN105393986A - Method for releasing parasitic wasp of Chilo suppressalis larva - Google Patents
Method for releasing parasitic wasp of Chilo suppressalis larva Download PDFInfo
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- CN105393986A CN105393986A CN201510676426.3A CN201510676426A CN105393986A CN 105393986 A CN105393986 A CN 105393986A CN 201510676426 A CN201510676426 A CN 201510676426A CN 105393986 A CN105393986 A CN 105393986A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for releasing parasitic wasps of Chilo suppressalis larvae. The method is characterized by comprising a device for releasing parasitic wasps. The device comprises two ends of a wasp carrying body are covered by 10 mesh cellular nylon nets (90), the length of an effective wasp carrying position is 20 cm, width is 10-12 cm. The wasp carrying body is internally placed with a plurality of transparent plastic pipes (20) with bee cocoons, wherein the wasp carrying body is on a floating body. Through the method, large quantity of parasitic wasps of Chilo suppressalis larvae have been successfully released in a large scale manner, labor investment is greatly reduced, and release efficiency of the Chilo suppressalis larva parasitic wasp cocoons is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of insect feeding, collect the new method of Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp and field adaptability Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp for indoor continuously.
Background technology
Along with adjustment and the higher economic benefit of agricultural structure, plantation wild rice stem has become the important channel of farmer richness.There is large stretch of plantation wild rice stem in many rice districts, wild rice stem field has become non-rice habitat the most closely-related with paddy field.The occurring and damage that paddy rice and wild rice stem flower arrangement cropping pattern result in insect is more complicated, brings many new problems to control of insect work.Striped rice borer (ChilosuppressalisWalker) belongs to Lepidoptera Lepidoptera Pyralidae Pyralidae, holometabola insect.Be important brill moth property, polyphagous pest-insect in paddy rice, wild rice stem production, seriously jeopardize the safety in production of China paddy rice and wild rice stem.In recent years, due to the impact of the factors such as host plant establishing in large scale, Variety renewal, cropping system change and climatic variation, Striped Rice Borer Population quantity is in trend of ging up fast.At present, physical control (sex pheromone, light trap), biological control (animal supported by release natural enemy, farmland cover) and higher effective and lower toxic pesticide control are depended on to the control of striped rice borer.
Bread is the staff of life, eats with An Weixian.Advocating the epoch of environmental protection, health and pollution-free food, people more wish the safe high yield and high quality by utilizing the Natural control action of pest natural enemy to ensure crops.Therefore, development biological control of insect pests becomes inexorable trend, also more urgently aobvious to the bio-control method of striped rice borer.The emphasis of striped rice borer biological control is Sustainable use natural enemy, especially striped rice borer parasitic wasp.As the advantage parasite of China's Chilo spp larvae, apantelis falvipes Apantelesflavipes (Zheng Xu Song etc., 2003), Trichogramma Trichogrammajaponicum (Guo Huifang etc., 2002), Apanteles Apanteleschilonis and Eriborus sinicus Eriborusterebrans (Han Yongqiang etc., 2009), snout moth's larva Chelonus Chelonusmunakatae (fourth nanmu, 2012) important control action (Jiang Ming magnitude, 1999 are played to striped rice borer field population dynamic; Kazuoetal., 1974), artificial release parasitic wasp control paddy rice, wild rice stem striped rice borer become one of important measures of these two kinds of crop striped rice borer green prevention and control technology.Therefore, in rice field, wild rice stem field collect and release Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp, investigation parasitic wasp natural sneak case seem particularly important.
Requirement striped rice borer being carried out to effective biological control work needs a large amount of parasitic wasps in the Chilo spp larvae developmental stage.And such requirement will be reached, ensure validity, the ageing and specific aim of biological control, large scale collection Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp cocoon must be carried out, so that machine cocoon-break and the parasitic wasp that goes out reach the object of effectively control Chilo spp larvae when appropriate.At present, relevant Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp is collected and relates to 1 section of document: Chinese biological is prevented and treated, 2011,26 (supplementary issues): 1 – 7, the simple and effective improvement of small-sized parasitic wasp collecting method and Guizhou paddy field parasitic bee new record, Long Jiankun, Luo Qinghuai, busy Ding Ze, Shi Qingxing, Pan Shengbo, mention all kinds of parasitic wasp of net collection, be about after 2m × 2m carrys out flyback 3 times with net in size when every secondary net is caught, clutch the middle part of net with hand; The latter half of hand being pinched net is all put; Rice field is mentioned after soaking immediately, and first wing soaked after unclamping hand but still taken out at the large-scale parasitoids of creeping, then routed up by net bottom, the entire contents of the latter half pinched by hand puts into the clear water of white dissecting pan.
But the lengthy and tedious complexity of work, the collection difficulty of above field collection parasitic wasp are comparatively large, the not only at substantial time, and also the wing of large-scale parasitic wasp is once get wet, is difficult to take off, and honeybee effect is put in impact; Small-sized parasitic wasp is difficult to after being got wet move or be easily drowned, and has a strong impact on screening and puts honeybee effect.The live body parasitic wasp quantity that these methods above-mentioned are collected in practice is little, cannot ensure that field discharges on a large scale.Therefore, need badly and solve produced problem in the collection of Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp, to carry out the collection of extensive field, release.
In order to fully excavate the biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion usefulness of parasitic wasp, ensureing validity, the ageing and specific aim of biological control, efficient and easy parasitic wasp release tech must be improved, so that parasitic wasp machine emergence when appropriate, reach the object of effectively control Chilo spp larvae.At present, relevant Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp release relates to 2 sections of documents: one, plant protection; 2001,27 (4): 45 – 46, the research of Trichogramma chilonis water prevention chilo suppressalis; Dong Benchun; Li Xiaoguang, Gao Deyu, Zhang Fuman; mention and honeybee card staple is fixed on 1/2 sheet playing card; playing card two ends are pegged again, live playing card by the linear system being about 10.0cm, occur, when the beginning, the Sheng phase started, cotton rope cover is hung on rice leaf at field rice stem borer.Its two, agriculture university library periodical, 2011,1 (1): 28 – 30, rice field release Trichogramma confusum prevents and treats the research of generation striped rice borer, Hang Delong, Jiao Zhaowen, Zhao Youwen, Yang Xuewen, Xia Biwen, Sun Wei, mention overwinter generation striped rice borer moth appearance contain the phase manually discharge Trichogramma confusum, sew on oophagous trichogrammae card in the inside bottom of disposable water cup, cotton thread passes from bottom of cups, and rim of a cup is downward, be suspended on bamboo pole, rim of a cup distance rice leaf top 10.0 ~ 20.0cm.
Although the release tech of above-mentioned striped rice borer parasitic wasp has achieved progress to a certain degree, but in parasitic wasp field adaptability process, do not break through external factor (weather conditions as complexity comprise typhoon, heavy rain etc.) and cause bottleneck dead in parasitic wasp dispose procedure.Therefore, need the method that a kind of novel field of exploitation manually discharges striped rice borer parasitic wasp badly, reduce the awkward situation causing parasitic wasp mortality in artificial release parasitic wasp process.The mode of artificial release striped rice borer parasitic wasp is to hang the ovum card of the parasitic wasps such as oophagous trichogrammae, parasitic striped rice borer ovum at present, and delivery mode is usually bonded on field plant blade or is bonded on the mao bamboon pole in insertion farmland.Owing to raining, high wind or solar exposure, cause parasitic wasp to go out mortality before honeybee, parasitic effects significantly declines.
For this reason, this improves collection striped rice borer parasitic wasp and release parasitic wasp with regard to needs, thus improves control efficiency.
Summary of the invention
For solving scale, the easy problem of the collection of Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp cocoon; we invent one and utilize that transparent plastic suction pipe is quick, easy, the new method of Efficient Collection Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp cocoon; utilize the method successfully to realize scale and collect a large amount of Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp cocoon; considerably reduce artificial input, improve the collection efficiency of Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp cocoon.
On the one hand, a kind of low cost, quick, easy, the new method of Efficient Collection Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp and the device of new raising Chilo spp larvae are provided.
On the one hand, be provided for the device of raising Chilo spp larvae, this device comprises: water white raising box, filter paper is included in the bottom of box, wherein, filter paper is planted and is implanted with rice seedling or is placed with fresh wild rice stem block, on described rice seedling or on wild rice stem block, place gauze screen, gauze screen is placed many transparent plastic suction pipes.
Preferably, filter paper comprises moisture.
In some preferred modes, described raising box is water white transparency 16L rectangular plastic magazine, Qi Zhongchang: wide: height=46.0cm:33.0cm:16.0cm.Preferably, the length of described transparent plastic suction pipe: diameter=19.0cm:0.8cm.Preferably, on described filter paper, evenly sowing has the rice seedling of 4-5 centimetre high.Preferably, gauze screen be 16 orders, long: wide=21.0cm:13.0cm.
In some preferred modes, described device also comprises black cloth and white plastic disk, its l
long× w
wide× h
high=31.0cm × 22.7cm × 4.2cm.
Preferably, this device also comprises muffles lid with one deck black cloth, covers the region (i.e. 1/2 region of insect box height) on insect box top 1/2 with black cloth simultaneously.
In some preferred modes, described device also comprises: support worm frame, its (l
long× w
wide× h
high=128.5cm × 50.0cm × 2.0cm, is divided into 3 layers, and interlamellar spacing is 1.0m, and every layer of base plate equips the fluorescent tube of 3 40 watts, and access Timer Controlling turns on light and turn off the light.Preferably, the interlayer of supporting worm frame installs thick layer glass partition (l additional
long× w
wide× h
high=128.0cm × 50.0cm × 1.0cm), in order to place larva raising bottle, make daylight only irradiate insect box base portion.Because larva has phototaxis, light attracts larva movable and take food at the bottom of insect box through glass partition.
Preferably, larva raising condition: indoor is 28 ± 1 DEG C with airconditioning control temperature, the photoperiod is 16h illumination, 8h dark, relative moisture about 90%.
On the other hand, the invention provides a kind of Chilo spp larvae of raising to collect the method for their parasitic wasp cocoon, the method comprises:
The device of raising Chilo spp larvae described before providing, this device comprises water white raising box, the filter paper inhaled and have moisture is included in the bottom of box, wherein, filter paper is planted and is implanted with rice seedling or fresh wild rice stem block, on described rice seedling or on wild rice stem block, place gauze screen, gauze screen is placed many transparent plastic suction pipes.
Preferably, the raising method of rice-stem borer larva carries out according to the following steps: the larva stripped is divided into 3 groups at random, often organizes 80,80,100 larvas; Spread a filter paper bottom each insect box, it sows paddy rice, and the striped rice borer 4-6 instar larvae that Stochastic accessing strips after rice seedlings grows to 4-5 centimetre high, allows it naturally take food; Access in same insect box with instar larvae; Build insect box lid, muffle lid with one deck black cloth, cover the region on insect box top 1/2 simultaneously with black cloth, be i.e. 1/2 region of insect box height; Every day adds suitable quantity of water in insect box so that moisturizing; Observe parasitoid larva in plastic suction pipe every day and nibble out situation of cocooing outside pin main body.
Preferably, the raising method of wild rice stem Chilo spp larvae carries out according to the following steps: the larva stripped is divided into 3 groups at random, often organizes 80,80,100 larvas; The striped rice borer 4-6 instar larvae stripped in wild rice stem block sidewall Stochastic accessing takes food naturally by it; Access in same insect box with instar larvae; Place gauze screen above wild rice stem block, above each gauze screen, place many transparent plastic suction pipes, build insect box lid, muffle lid with one deck black cloth, cover the region on insect box top 1/2 simultaneously with black cloth, be i.e. 1/2 region of insect box height; Every day adds suitable quantity of water in insect box so that moisturizing; Observe parasitoid larva in plastic suction pipe every day and nibble out situation of cocooing outside pin main body;
Preferably, wherein, the raising method of rice-stem borer larva carries out according to the following steps:
The larva stripped is divided into 3 groups at random, often organizes 80,80,100 larvas; Spread a filter paper bottom each insect box, it sows paddy rice, and the striped rice borer 4-6 instar larvae that Stochastic accessing strips after rice seedlings grows to 4-5 centimetre high, allows it naturally take food; Access in same insect box with instar larvae; Build insect box lid, muffle lid with one deck black cloth, cover the region (i.e. 1/2 region of insect box height) on insect box top 1/2 simultaneously with black cloth.Rice seedlings places gauze screen, above each gauze screen, places plastic suction pipe 40, its length: diameter=19.0cm:0.8cm.Every day adds suitable quantity of water in insect box so that moisturizing, observes parasitoid larva in plastic suction pipe every day and nibbles out situation (Fig. 1, Fig. 3) of cocooing outside pin main body;
Preferably, the method also comprises the raising method of wild rice stem Chilo spp larvae, wherein carries out as follows:
The larva stripped is divided into 3 groups at random, often organizes 80,80,100 larvas.4 layers of gauze are spread, pad filter paper on it bottom the insect box lid of raising wild rice stem striped rice borer; 9 sections of fresh wild rice stem blocks are placed above filter paper.The striped rice borer 4-6 instar larvae stripped in wild rice stem block sidewall Stochastic accessing takes food naturally by it.Access in same insect box with instar larvae.Gauze screen is placed above wild rice stem block, 40 transparent plastic suction pipes (length: diameter=19.0cm:0.8cm) are placed above each gauze screen, build insect box lid, muffle lid with one deck black cloth, cover the region (i.e. 1/2 region of insect box height) on insect box top 1/2 simultaneously with black cloth.Every day adds suitable quantity of water in insect box so that moisturizing, observes parasitoid larva in plastic suction pipe every day and nibbles out situation (Fig. 2,3) of cocooing outside pin main body.
On the other hand, method of the present invention also comprises the method for rice-stem borer or the collection of wild rice stem Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp, wherein carries out according to the following steps: (1) gets a white plastic disk, and bottom spreads one deck and the black cloth of equal size of trying to get to the heart of a matter; (2) black cloth will thrown off insect box and cover, raises insect box lid, observes parasitoid larva and nibbles out situation of cocooing outside pin main body, range estimation parasitic wasp cocoon position, location (Fig. 4); (3) with tweezers, the plastic suction pipe having parasitic wasp cocoon is pressed from both sides out carefully, be put in white plastic disk; (4) according to parasitic wasp cocoon position, try one's best the side of edge without honeybee cocoon carefully by suction pipe gripping with tweezers, be put on the black cloth in white plastic disk.(5) record parasitic wasp cocoon number in every root suction pipe, striped rice borer pupates number and Chilo spp larvae by parasitic number, choose striped rice borer pupa and by larva dead after parasitism, only retain parasitic wasp cocoon.(6) need and release time according to the release of field parasitic wasp, parasitic wasp cocoon is placed on is covered with in the clean insect box of damp gauze temporarily, cover the lid of tool ventilation mouth, be placed on 4 DEG C of Refrigerator stores.
Here it should be noted that, the Chilo spp larvae of self-sow collected from field, some by parasitic wasp lay eggs (one or more ovum) parasitic, some does not then have.If Chilo spp larvae is through device of the present invention is raised time, through growing and pupating, show that Chilo spp larvae is parasitic by parasitic wasp; If by the Chilo spp larvae of parasitic wasp parasitism, can not pupate and one or bull parasitic wasp can be produced.This inventive method also can study the pests occurrence rule of the actual parasitic rate in parasitic wasp field and parasitic wasp.
Preferably, the method also comprises striped rice borer worm source collecting method: rice-stem borer and wild rice stem striped rice borer pick up from the overwintering larva in Yuyao City pseudo-ginseng town paddy field and wild rice stem field, Chong Xian town, Yuhang District, Hangzhou respectively.During collection, take back with the paddy rice rice stub of Overwintering Larvae and wild rice stem stubble in insectary.The all larvas (i.e. wild rice stem Chilo spp larvae) stripped in the whole larvas stripped in paddy rice rice stub (i.e. rice-stem borer larva) and wild rice stem stubble are separately raised separately.Gather in field in the larva of these rice-stem borers and the wild rice stem striped rice borer come, some larva may be parasitic by parasitic wasp, some then may be not parasitic by parasitic wasp, accurately can be collected parasitic wasp and the parasitic rate information thereof of Chilo spp larvae by raising method of the present invention.
On the other hand; in order to solve, Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp field adaptability is efficient, easy problem; we invent one and utilize transparent plastic suction pipe, covering lid and take the new method that honeybee body carries out quick, easy, efficient release Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp; utilize the method successfully to realize scale and discharge a large amount of Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp; considerably reduce artificial input, improve the release efficiency of Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp.
On the one hand, the present invention seeks to, the device of a kind of low cost, quick, easy, efficient release Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp is provided, this device comprises: the covering lid (100) that (1) is circular and circular taking honeybee body (200) (Fig. 5), covering lid and take with iron wire (500) series winding between honeybee body, covering lid with take honeybee body and be all made with transparent plastic sheet; Covering lid while with take honeybee body and fix, the bottom of covering lid (100) with take honeybee body (200) and become 30 degree of angles; The nylon grenadine (90) taking the two ends 10 order meshes of honeybee body covers, and effectively takes that honeybee span access location length is 20cm, width is 10-12cm; Place several lucite pipes with honeybee cocoon (20) taking in honeybee body body; (2) floating material (300); Whole honeybee body (200) of taking sticks in floating material on the surface, length, the width of floating material and be highly respectively 250-300mm, 150-180mm and 80-100mm (Fig. 6).Take after honeybee body adheres to floating material, the steadily of centre of gravity of whole device, swims on the water surface.Preferably, take honeybee body to can be designed as and can hold lucite pipe and be limited, with the parasitic wasp cocoon that the inventive method is collected in plastic tube.
On the other hand, this provides the new method of a kind of low cost, quick, easy, efficient release Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Utilize the parasitic wasp cocoon of rice-stem borer larva and the wild rice stem Chilo spp larvae collected, carry out the test of field adaptability parasitic wasp, concrete grammar carries out according to the following steps:
1, a kind of parasitic wasp releasing device is provided, this device comprises: the covering lid (100) that (1) is circular and circular taking honeybee body (200) (Fig. 5), covering lid and take with iron wire series winding between honeybee body, covering lid with take honeybee body and be all made with transparent plastic sheet; Covering lid while with take honeybee body and fix, the bottom (100) of covering lid with take honeybee body (200) and become 30 degree of angles; The nylon grenadine (90) taking the two ends 10 order meshes of honeybee body covers, and effectively takes that honeybee span access location length is 20cm, width is 10-12cm; Place several lucite pipes with honeybee cocoon (20) taking in honeybee body body; (2) floating material (300); Whole honeybee body (200) of taking sticks in floating material on the surface, length, the width of floating material and be highly respectively 250-300mm, 150-180mm and 80-100mm (Fig. 6).Take after honeybee body adheres to floating material, the steadily of centre of gravity of whole device, swims on the water surface.
Preferably, the design of parasitic wasp releasing device is as follows:
Affect parasitic wasp survival to effectively avoid sunlight and rainwater and sprout wings, the parasitic wasp release container of design is two parts: 1) circular covering lid takes honeybee body (Fig. 5) with circular, between the two with iron wire series winding, covering lid with take honeybee body and be all made with transparent plastic sheet.Covering lid while with take honeybee body and fix, the bottom of covering lid with take honeybee body and become 30 degree of angles.2) floating material.The nylon grenadine taking the two ends 10 order meshes of honeybee body covers, and effectively takes that honeybee span access location length is 20cm, width is 10-12cm.Whole honeybee body of taking sticks in floating material on the surface, length, the width of floating material and be highly respectively 250-300mm, 150-180mm and 80-100mm (Fig. 6).Take after honeybee body adheres to floating material, the steadily of centre of gravity of whole device, swims on the water surface.
2, field adaptability technology:
The preparation of Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp: gather Zhejiang Province's Yuyao City pseudo-ginseng town paddy field Chilo spp larvae and wild rice stem field, Chong Xian town, Yuhang District, Hangzhou Chilo spp larvae respectively, in raising Chilo spp larvae process, parasitoid larva is nibbled out outside pin main body and is cocoond, collect parasitic wasp cocoon (Fig. 7), for subsequent use.
Releasing device field aligning method: along the parasitic wasp of the release in the ranks container in paddy field and wild rice stem field, the quantity of every block field release parasitic wasp container depends on the area of field, according to striped rice borer occurrence degree determination burst size.
In release period: period and later weather condition situation thereof occur according to rice-stem borer and wild rice stem rice stem borer, prediction striped rice borer lays eggs generation period of date, egg hatching date and 3 instar larvaes, before 3 instar larvae occurance peaks, discharge parasitic wasp container.
Beneficial effect
The beneficial effect raising and collect the method for Chilo spp larvae or Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp embodies following several aspect: the method for (1), above-mentioned collection Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp cocoon is very efficient, easy, simple to operate, saves time.A suction pipe can hold tens parasitic wasp cocoons, as long as by plastic suction pipe tweezers gripping when collecting honeybee cocoon.(2), adopt plastic suction pipe to collect the pattern of parasitic wasp cocoon, this is the raising of this research group proposition and collects parasitic wasp innovative approach.The on the one hand morphosis of plastic suction pipe not only simulated rice cane, and its two ends are unobstructed, have good gas permeability and ventilation effect, therefore, the humidity in plastic suction pipe needed for microenvironment can be kept, plastic suction pipe can be made again to be unlikely to wet, cause parasitoid larva and honeybee cocoon " to be drowned "; On the other hand, by the Chilo spp larvae of parasitic wasp parasitism can be smooth pierce the plastic suction pipe of " spaciousness ", thus be conducive to parasitoid larva and nibble out outside pin main body and cocoon.At natural world, take food in host plant cane, stem sheath because Chilo spp larvae is hidden; Tended to pierce hidden place by the larva of parasitism, therefore collect Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp difficulty greatly, and there is blindness.Under indoor feeding condition, indoor light only irradiates insect box base portion, in addition the covering of insect box cover black cloth, and plastic suction pipe is become good hidden; Meanwhile, relative to other place of cocooing of parasitoid larva, plastic suction pipe fast, accurately can locate the position of parasitic wasp cocoon because of transparent, thus reduces because blindly seeking honeybee cocoon brings unnecessary potential mechanical damage.These factors above-mentioned make parasitoid larva select to cocoon at plastic suction pipe inwall.(3), above-mentioned collection method can specify the dominant species of Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp in field different niches (as rice field and wild rice stem field), natural parasitic rate, the parasitic wasp number of every Chilo spp larvae parasitism, the pupation rate of Chilo spp larvae and the female and male ratio of pupa.(4), plastic suction pipe is very light and can recycle.Therefore, the method can not only save material, reduces costs, and substantially increases the efficiency of collecting parasitic wasp cocoon, convenient operation.
In addition, the beneficial effect about release is as follows: (1) parasitic wasp survival rate is high.Because plastic suction pipe two ends are unobstructed, gas permeability and ventilation effect good, the humidity in plastic suction pipe needed for microenvironment can be kept, also the developmental state of parasitic wasp can be observed, the plastic suction pipe that parasitic wasp climbs out of smoothly " spaciousness " can be ensured again, thus avoid unnecessary mechanical wounding and death, improve the survival rate of parasitic wasp.(2) method for releasing is easy, efficient.Plastic suction pipe is very light and can recycle, and can not only save material, reduce costs, and substantially increases the efficiency of release parasitic wasp.(3) place is discharged flexible.Because this releasing device swims in the water surface, move by wind-force, farther region can be arrived.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The collection mode of Fig. 1 rice-stem borer parasitized larvae honeybee cocoon.
The collection mode of Fig. 2 wild rice stem Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp cocoon.
The placement pattern of Fig. 3 plastic suction pipe in insect box.
Fig. 4 Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp cocoon pattern of rows and columns in plastic suction pipe.
Fig. 5: the profile of releasing device of the present invention;
Fig. 6: the stereogram of releasing device of the present invention;
Fig. 7: pattern of rows and columns schematic diagram of Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp cocoon of the present invention in plastic suction pipe.
Embodiment
test example 1: rice-stem borer and wild rice stem Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp are collected and parasitic rate investigation
Test period: on June 10,1 day to 2015 April in 2015
Test site: Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science plant protection and institute of microbiology's plant protection engineering experiment room.
Test borer population: paddy rice and wild rice stem Chilo spp larvae add up to 520.
1.1 striped rice borer worm sources gather: rice-stem borer and wild rice stem striped rice borer pick up from the overwintering larva in Zhejiang Province's Yuyao City pseudo-ginseng town paddy field and wild rice stem field, Chong Xian town, Yuhang District, Hangzhou respectively.During collection, (may be parasitic by parasitic wasp in these larvas, also may be parasitic by parasitic wasp) in insectary will be taken back with the paddy rice rice stub of Overwintering Larvae and wild rice stem stubble.The all larvas (i.e. wild rice stem Chilo spp larvae) stripped in the whole larvas stripped in paddy rice rice stub (i.e. rice-stem borer larva) and wild rice stem stubble are separately raised separately, adopts with the following method.
1.2 Chilo spp larvaes raise structure and the design (as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2) of box:
Water white transparency 16L rectangular plastic magazine 40 (long: wide: height=46.0cm:33.0cm:16.0cm).
Transparent plastic suction pipe 20 (length: diameter=19.0cm:0.8cm), 40, each box, as the raising device of the raising device of the rice-stem borer of Fig. 1 and the wild rice stem striped rice borer of Fig. 2.
Rice seedlings 30, filter paper 10 are (long: wide=23.0cm:15.0cm), black cloth.
Gauze screen 60 (16 orders, length: wide=21.0cm:13.0cm).
White plastic disk (l
long× w
wide× h
high=31.0cm × 22.7cm × 4.2cm).
Support worm frame: (l
long× w
wide× h
high=128.5cm × 50.0cm × 2.0cm), be divided into 3 layers, interlamellar spacing is 1.0m, and every layer of base plate equips the fluorescent tube of 3 40 watts, and access Timer Controlling turns on light and turn off the light.Interlayer installs thick layer glass partition (l additional
long× w
wide× h
high=128.0cm × 50.0cm × 1.0cm), in order to place larva raising bottle, make daylight only irradiate insect box base portion.Because larva has phototaxis, light attracts larva movable and take food at the bottom of insect box through glass partition.
1.3 raising farms: the phytotron of Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science plant protection and institute of microbiology's plant protection engineering experiment room.
1.4 larva raising conditions: indoor is 28 ± 1 DEG C with airconditioning control temperature, the photoperiod is 16h illumination, 8h dark, relative moisture about 90%.
1.5. the raising method of rice-stem borer larva carries out according to the following steps:
The larva stripped is divided into 3 groups at random, often organizes 80,80,100 larvas.Spread a filter paper 10 bottom each insect box 40, sowing paddy rice 30 it on, treat to allow it naturally take food by the striped rice borer 4-6 instar larvae that rice seedlings grows to 4 days Stochastic accessing and strips.Access in same insect box with instar larvae.One block of gauze screen 60 is placed above rice seedling, and 40 transparent plastic suction pipes 20 (length: diameter=19.0cm:0.8cm) are placed above gauze screen, build insect box lid, muffle lid with one deck black cloth, cover the region (i.e. 1/2 region of insect box height) on insect box top 1/2 simultaneously with black cloth.Every day adds suitable quantity of water in insect box so that moisturizing, observes parasitoid larva in plastic suction pipe every day and nibbles out situation (Fig. 1,3) of cocooing outside pin main body.
2. the raising method of wild rice stem Chilo spp larvae carries out according to the following steps:
The larva stripped is divided into 3 groups at random, often organizes 80,80,100 larvas.The insect box 40 of raising wild rice stem striped rice borer covers bottom spreads 4 layers of gauze 11, pad filter paper 10 on it; 9 sections of fresh wild rice stem blocks 31 are placed above filter paper.The striped rice borer 4-6 instar larvae stripped in wild rice stem block sidewall Stochastic accessing takes food naturally by it.Access in same insect box with instar larvae.Gauze screen 60 is placed above wild rice stem block, 40 transparent plastic suction pipes 20 (length: diameter=19.0cm:0.8cm) are placed above each gauze screen, build insect box lid, muffle lid with one deck black cloth, cover the region (i.e. 1/2 region of insect box height) on insect box top 1/2 simultaneously with black cloth.Every day adds suitable quantity of water in insect box so that moisturizing, observes parasitoid larva in plastic suction pipe every day and nibbles out situation (Fig. 2,3) of cocooing outside pin main body.
3. the method that rice-stem borer and wild rice stem Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp are collected is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) get a white plastic disk, bottom spreads one deck and the black cloth of equal size of trying to get to the heart of a matter.
(2) black cloth on insect box lid 50 (lid with screen window) will be thrown off, raise insect box lid, and observe parasitoid larva and nibble out situation of cocooing outside pin main body, range estimation location parasitic wasp cocoon 70 position (Fig. 4).
(3) with tweezers, the plastic suction pipe 20 having parasitic wasp cocoon is pressed from both sides out carefully, be put in white plastic disk.
(4) according to honeybee cocoon position, try one's best the side of edge without honeybee cocoon carefully by suction pipe gripping with tweezers, be put on the black cloth in white plastic disk.
(5) record parasitic wasp cocoon number in every root suction pipe, striped rice borer pupates number and Chilo spp larvae by parasitic number, choose striped rice borer pupa and by larva dead after parasitism, only retain parasitic wasp cocoon.
(6) need and release time according to the release of field parasitic wasp, parasitic wasp cocoon is placed on is covered with in the clean insect box of damp gauze temporarily, cover the lid of tool ventilation mouth, be placed on 4 DEG C of Refrigerator stores.
Result of the test:
Because Chilo spp larvae is by after parasitic wasp ovipositing hosts, nibble out externalization cocoon through growing endobiosis larva of bee, the quantity variance of the parasitic wasp that every larva is parasitic is large, few several heads, many tens.Pupated to count and parasitic wasp cocoon number by parasitic number, striped rice borer according to the Chilo spp larvae number put in each insect box, all plastic suction pipe Chilo spp larvaes, calculate the parasitic rate of Chilo spp larvae and the mean parasitized honeybee quantity of every Chilo spp larvae.Result of the test shows, the parasitic rate of rice-stem borer parasitized larvae honeybee is 25.00% ~ 28.00%, average out to 26.5%; Every Chilo spp larvae is on average sprouted wings, and parasitic wasp number be 21.32 ± 10.37.The parasitic rate of wild rice stem Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp is 6.25% ~ 8.75%, average out to 7.5%; Every Chilo spp larvae is on average sprouted wings, and parasitic wasp number be 25.16 ± 10.74 (tables 1).Although illustrate that the parasitic rate of wild rice stem field Chilo spp larvae is lower than the parasitic rate of paddy field Chilo spp larvae, wild rice stem field Chilo spp larvae every the parasitic wasp number of sprouting wings is then obvious more than paddy field Chilo spp larvae.The method reaches the object that striped rice borer parasitic wasp standard worm source is collected in scale.Test also shows, Chilo spp larvae pierces suction pipe and pupates to provide clean place, avoids the infection frequency of germ to a certain extent, reaches practical requirement.
The investigation result of the paddy rice of table 1 this patent and the collection of wild rice stem Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp and parasitic rate
Process 1
Process 2
Process 3
Note: 1. parasitic larva number=test larva number-larvae pupation number-larva natural death number;
Larva number × 100 of the larva number/test of 2. parasitic rate (%)=parasitism;
3. the larva number of parasitic wasp number (head)=parasitic wasp cocoon number/parasitism that every larva is parasitic.
The unit of the parasitic wasp number of the larva number 4. tested, parasitic larva number, every parasitized larvae is (head).
In addition, the parasitic wasp number of every parasitized larvae of three, paddy rice process is 21.3 ± 10.4 (heads); The parasitic wasp number of every parasitized larvae of wild rice stem three process is 25.2 ± 10.7 (heads).
The method is collected and is also had the following advantages: (1) above-mentioned collection method specify that the main species of Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp in field different niches (rice field and wild rice stem field), natural parasitic rate, on average every Chilo spp larvae sprout wings the parasitic wasp number.This is the important evidence of objective evaluation parasitic wasp to the control action size of rice-stem borer.By dissecting the difference between habitat further, find out the key factor of parasitic wasp occurrence dynamics, for formulating with suiting measures to local conditions and optimizing Integrated Control of Rice Insect Pests (IPM) strategy and provide the theoretical foundation of science.(2) due in the different niches of contemporaneity or the Same Habitat of different times, the main parasitic honeybee kind of Chilo spp larvae phase, parasitic rate all have difference to a certain degree.This difference can be used as analysis Chilo spp larvae in next year and radix effectively occurs, inquires into parasitic wasp initial population source and the further foundation formulating corresponding measure.Advantage parasitoids and the parasitic rate thereof of the further outdoor investigation different niches of the method, different times Chilo spp larvae can be utilized from now on, for biological control provides certain science reference.(3) conveniently can determine the pupation rate of Chilo spp larvae, the female and male ratio of pupa, be beneficial to follow-up rice stem borer mating, lay eggs.(4) collect equipment needed for parasitic wasp and material is very simple, and plastic suction pipe is light, can reuse, easy to operate.(5) because plastic suction pipe itself is transparent, accurately can locate honeybee cocoon position before collection parasitic wasp cocoon, thus avoid because blindly stripping looks for honeybee cocoon to cause potential artificial mechanical damage to honeybee cocoon.
embodiment 2: the test of field adaptability rice-stem borer parasitized larvae honeybee control Chilo suppressalis
Test period: on July 10,20 days to 2015 April in 2015
Test site: Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science plant protection and institute of microbiology's rice test base.
Release honeybee source: derive from parasitic wasp cocoon in the lucite pipe obtained in the invention process example 1.
Releasing device: adopt the device of Figure of description 6 of the present invention to be the device of this experiment.
The structure of releasing device is as follows: the device of a kind of low cost, quick, easy, efficient release Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp, this device comprises: the covering lid (100) that (1) is circular and circular taking honeybee body (200) (Fig. 5), covering lid and take with iron wire (500) series winding between honeybee body, covering lid with take honeybee body and be all made with transparent plastic sheet; Covering lid while with take honeybee body and fix, the bottom of covering lid (100) with take honeybee body (200) and become 30 degree of angles; The nylon grenadine (90) taking the two ends 10 order meshes of honeybee body covers, and effectively takes that honeybee span access location length is 20cm, width is 10-12cm; Place several lucite pipes with honeybee cocoon (20) taking in honeybee body body; (2) floating material (300); Whole honeybee body (200) of taking sticks in floating material on the surface, length, the width of floating material and be highly respectively 250-300mm, 150-180mm and 80-100mm (Fig. 6).Take after honeybee body adheres to floating material, the steadily of centre of gravity of whole device, swims on the water surface.
Test process: difference puts honeybee quantity, difference puts honeybee period.
(1) pests occurrence rule of paddy field striped rice borer: field investigation and indoor feeding result show, striped rice borer completes the history of life of 3 generations in paddy field, in the 4th generation, then occurred imperfect.At rice growing season, completing 1 generation about lasts two months.Striped rice borer egg hatching peak period is May 11, and 3 instar larvae peak periods are May 25, and 5 instar larvae peak periods are June 6, and peak period of pupating is June 22.
(2) difference puts the parasitic effects of honeybee quantity: in first 2 days (i.e. May 23) of striped rice borer 3 instar larvae occurrence in peak period, along line-spacing release parasitic wasp device (Fig. 6) of paddy field, two parasitic wasp burst sizes (30,000/667m are set
2, 60,000/667m
2), discharge latter 7 days, gather field water chilo suppressalis and to cause harm withered sheath, Chilo spp larvae is looked in stripping, and checks the parasitic quantity of larva at indoor feeding, statistics parasitic rate and correct parasitic rate.Computing formula:
Larva number × 100 of the larva number/test of parasitic rate (%)=parasitism
Correct parasitic rate (%)=[(putting honeybee field parasitic rate-contrast field parasitic rate)/(1-contrasts field parasitic rate) × 100]
(3) difference puts the parasitic effects in honeybee period: respectively in striped rice borer 3 instar larvae and first 2 days (i.e. May 23, June 4) of 5 instar larvae occurrence in peak period, along the line-spacing release parasitic wasp device of paddy field, and release parasitic wasp quantity 30,000/667m
2, discharge latter 7 days, gather field water chilo suppressalis and to cause harm withered sheath, Chilo spp larvae is looked in stripping, and checks the parasitic quantity of larva at indoor feeding, statistics parasitic rate and correct parasitic rate.
(4) result of the test
Table 2 shows, in striped rice borer 3 instar larvae peak period first 2 days, discharges Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp 30,000 and 60,000/667m respectively
2density time, find that the correction parasitic rate of Chilo spp larvae is respectively 24.6% and 40.2%; Be fixed as 30,000/667m putting honeybee amount
2time, respectively the first 2 days release parasitized larvae honeybees in 3 instar larvae peak periods and 5 instar larvae peak periods, it corrects parasitic rate and is respectively 25.3% and 13.7%.Illustrate, identical put honeybee period under, it is larger to put honeybee amount, and parasitic effects is better.Identical put honeybee amount under, 3 instar larvaes put honeybee successful higher than 5 instar larvaes.
The result of the test of table 2, field adaptability rice-stem borer parasitized larvae honeybee water prevention chilo suppressalis
embodiment 3: the test of field adaptability wild rice stem Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp control wild rice stem striped rice borer
Test period: on August 31,1 day to 2015 April in 2015
Test site: Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science plant protection and institute of microbiology's wild rice stem proving ground.
Release honeybee source: derive from parasitic wasp cocoon in the lucite pipe obtained in the invention process example 1.
Releasing device: adopt the device of Figure of description 6 of the present invention to be the device of this experiment.
The structure of releasing device is as follows: the device of a kind of low cost, quick, easy, efficient release Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp, this device comprises: the covering lid (100) that (1) is circular and circular taking honeybee body (200) (Fig. 5), covering lid and take with iron wire (500) series winding between honeybee body, covering lid with take honeybee body and be all made with transparent plastic sheet; Covering lid while with take honeybee body and fix, the bottom of covering lid (100) with take honeybee body (200) and become 30 degree of angles; The nylon grenadine (90) taking the two ends 10 order meshes of honeybee body covers, and effectively takes that honeybee span access location length is 20cm, width is 10-12cm; Place several lucite pipes with honeybee cocoon (20) (Fig. 7) taking in honeybee body body; (2) floating material (300); Whole honeybee body (200) of taking sticks in floating material on the surface, length, the width of floating material and be highly respectively 250-300mm, 150-180mm and 80-100mm (Fig. 6).Take after honeybee body adheres to floating material, the steadily of centre of gravity of whole device, swims on the water surface.
Test process: difference puts honeybee quantity, difference puts honeybee period
(1) pests occurrence rule of wild rice stem field 1 generation striped rice borer: field investigation and indoor feeding result show, striped rice borer completes the history of life of 3 generations single cropping wild rice stem Tanaka, and the 4th generation then occurred imperfect.In wild rice stem vegetative period, completing 1 generation about lasts two months.Striped rice borer egg hatching peak period is May 10, and 3 instar larvae peak periods are May 21, and 5 instar larvae peak periods are June 2, and peak period of pupating is June 15.
(2) difference puts the parasitic effects of honeybee quantity: in first 2 days of striped rice borer 3 instar larvae occurrence in peak period, i.e. May 19, along the line-spacing release parasitic wasp device in wild rice stem field, arranges two parasitic wasp burst sizes (30,000/667m
2, 60,000/667m
2), discharge latter 7 days, gather field wild rice stem striped rice borer and to cause harm withered sheath, Chilo spp larvae is looked in stripping, and checks the parasitic quantity of larva at indoor feeding, statistics parasitic rate and correct parasitic rate.
(3) difference puts the parasitic effects in honeybee period: respectively in striped rice borer 3 instar larvae and first 2 days (i.e. May 19, May 31) of 5 instar larvae occurrence in peak period, along the line-spacing release parasitic wasp device in wild rice stem field, and release parasitic wasp quantity 30,000/667m
2, discharge latter 7 days, gather field wild rice stem striped rice borer and to cause harm withered sheath, Chilo spp larvae is looked in stripping, and checks the parasitic quantity of larva at indoor feeding, statistics parasitic rate and correct parasitic rate.
(4) result of the test
The result of the test of table 3, field adaptability wild rice stem Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp control wild rice stem striped rice borer
Table 3 shows, in striped rice borer 3 instar larvae peak period first 2 days, discharges Chilo spp larvae parasitic wasp 30,000 and 60,000/667m respectively
2density time, the correction parasitic rate of Chilo spp larvae is respectively 24.0% and 39.3%; Be fixed as 30,000/667m putting honeybee amount
2time, respectively the first 2 days release parasitized larvae honeybees in 3 instar larvae peak periods and 5 instar larvae peak periods, it corrects parasitic rate and is respectively 24.5% and 12.8%.Illustrate, identical put honeybee period under, it is larger to put honeybee amount, and parasitic effects is better.Identical put honeybee amount under, 3 instar larvaes put honeybee successful higher than 5 instar larvaes.
Claims (2)
1. discharge a method for the parasitic wasp of Chilo spp larvae, the method comprises:
1), provide a kind of parasitic wasp releasing device, this device comprises:
(1), circular covering lid (100) and circular take honeybee body (200), covering lid and take with iron wire series winding between honeybee body, covering lid and take honeybee body and be all made with transparent plastic sheet; Covering lid while with take honeybee body and fix, the bottom (100) of covering lid with take honeybee body (200) and become 30 degree of angles; The nylon grenadine (90) taking the two ends 10 order meshes of honeybee body covers, and effectively takes that honeybee span access location length is 20cm, width is 10-12cm; Place several lucite pipes with honeybee cocoon (20) taking in honeybee body body;
(2), floating material (300); Whole honeybee body (200) of taking sticks in floating material on the surface, length, the width of floating material and be highly respectively 250-300mm, 150-180mm and 80-100mm;
2), releasing device field aligning method: along the parasitic wasp of the release in the ranks device in paddy field and wild rice stem field, the quantity of every block field release parasitic wasp container depends on the area of field, according to striped rice borer occurrence degree determination burst size;
3), period is discharged: according to rice-stem borer and wild rice stem rice stem borer, period and later weather condition situation thereof occur, prediction striped rice borer lays eggs generation period of date, egg hatching date and 3 instar larvaes, before 3 instar larvae occurance peaks, discharge parasitic wasp device.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, described is provided by following method containing the lucite pipe with honeybee cocoon: the device 1) providing raising Chilo spp larvae, this device comprises water white raising box, include 4 layers of gauze, and the suction be positioned on gauze has the filter paper of moisture in the bottom of box, wherein, filter paper is placed with fresh wild rice stem block, described wild rice stem block places gauze screen, gauze screen is placed many transparent plastic suction pipes; 2) raising method of wild rice stem Chilo spp larvae carries out according to the following steps: the larva stripped is divided into 3 groups at random, often organizes 80,80,100 larvas; The striped rice borer 4-6 instar larvae stripped in wild rice stem block sidewall Stochastic accessing takes food naturally by it; Access in same insect box with instar larvae; Place gauze screen above wild rice stem block, above each gauze screen, place many transparent plastic suction pipes, build insect box lid, muffle lid with one deck black cloth, cover the region on insect box top 1/2 simultaneously with black cloth, be i.e. 1/2 region of insect box height; Every day adds suitable quantity of water in insect box so that moisturizing, observes parasitoid larva in plastic suction pipe every day and nibbles out situation of cocooing outside pin main body.
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