CN105377614B - 混合动力系统及其控制方法 - Google Patents

混合动力系统及其控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105377614B
CN105377614B CN201480039702.9A CN201480039702A CN105377614B CN 105377614 B CN105377614 B CN 105377614B CN 201480039702 A CN201480039702 A CN 201480039702A CN 105377614 B CN105377614 B CN 105377614B
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dynamotor
power system
internal combustion
combustion engine
hybrid power
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CN201480039702.9A
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CN105377614A (zh
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岩田宪仁
阿曾充宏
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Isuzu Motors Ltd
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Isuzu Motors Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/101—Infinitely variable gearings
    • B60W10/107—Infinitely variable gearings with endless flexible members
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K6/485—Motor-assist type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
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    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
    • B60L7/14—Dynamic electric regenerative braking for vehicles propelled by ac motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/40—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism comprising signals other than signals for actuating the final output mechanisms
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    • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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Abstract

在具有发动机(10)和电动发电机(21)的混合动力系统(1)中，经由CVT(16)将发动机主体(11)的曲轴(15)和电动发电机(21)连接，在产生了发动机(10)的起动请求时，使电动发电机(21)旋转驱动，并且在将CVT(16)的第1带轮(16a)的轮径设为最大并且将第2带轮(16b)的轮径设为最小之后，使电动发电机(21)旋转驱动来对发动机主体(11)进行曲轴起动。

Description

混合动力系统及其控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及混合动力系统及其控制方法，更具体地讲，涉及通过经由无级变速机构的电动发电机对发动机进行曲轴起动的混合动力系统及其控制方法。
背景技术
一般来讲，内燃机的起动是通过使用起动器来对内燃机进行曲轴起动而进行的。内燃机的转速为零时无法期待飞轮的惯性，所以起动时曲轴的转速越低则需要越大的转矩。因此，例如像日本申请的特开平5-71450号公报所记载的那样，该起动器所使用的起动器马达优选采用具有在转速为零时产生最大转矩的特性的有刷直流串绕马达。
然而，混合动力系统的电动发电机采用了无刷的感应马达或同步马达。这些马达具有在转速为零至规定值的范围产生恒定转矩的特性。
因此，若使用这样的感应马达等来对内燃机进行曲轴起动，则相对于曲轴起动所需的转矩，产生比有刷直流串绕马达的情况下大的多余转矩，从而存在向电动发电机供给电力的电池被浪费而寿命减少的问题。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本申请特开平5-71450号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
本发明的目的在于，提供一种通过经由无级变速机构的电动发电机对发动机进行曲轴起动的混合动力系统及其控制方法。
解决课题所采用的技术手段
用于实现上述目的的本发明的混合动力系统具有内燃机和电动发电机，其特征在于，设置有无级变速机构和控制单元，该无级变速机构与所述内燃机的曲轴直接连结，并且将所述内燃机的动力向所述电动发电机传递，该控制单元对所述混合动力系统进行控制；所述控制单元在产生了所述内燃机的起动请求时，使所述电动发电机旋转驱动，并且，在将所述无级变速机构控制为使得从所述电动发电机向所述曲轴的传递转矩成为最大之后，使用所述电动发电机来对所述内燃机进行曲轴起动。
用于实现上述目的的本发明的混合动力系统的控制方法中，该混合动力系统具有内燃机及电动发电机，经由与所述内燃机的曲轴直接连结的无级变速机构从所述电动发电机向所述内燃机传递动力，其特征在于，在产生了所述内燃机的起动请求时，在将所述无级变速机构控制为使得从所述电动发电机向所述曲轴的传递转矩成为最大之后，使用所述电动发电机来对所述内燃机进行曲轴起动。
发明效果
根据本发明的混合动力系统及其控制方法，经由无级变速机构将内燃机的曲轴和电动发电机连接，在内燃机起动时以使曲轴侧成为高转矩状态的方式控制控制无级变速机构，然后再进行曲轴起动，因此，能够提供通过经由了无级变速机构的电动发电机对发动机进行曲轴起动的混合动力系统及其控制方法。
此外，对内燃机进行曲轴起动的电动发电机的转矩被抑制，因此，能够延长对该电动发电机供给电力的电池的寿命。
附图说明
图1是表示由本发明的实施方式构成的混合动力系统的构成的图。
图2是说明由本发明的实施方式构成的混合动力系统的控制方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
以下，参照附图对本发明的实施方式进行说明。图1示出了由本发明的实施方式构成的混合动力系统。
该实施方式的混合动力系统1具有发动机(内燃机)10和电动发电机(M/G)21。另外，在此，该混合动力系统1以搭载于混合动力车辆(HEV：以下称作车辆)2的情况来进行说明，但不限于此。
混合动力系统1具备发动机10、排气通路12、涡轮增压器13、以及设置于排气通路12的废气净化装置(后处理装置)14。
对发动机主体11的曲轴15连结设置CVT(无级变速机构：速率可变机构)16，并且，对该CVT16连结电动发电机21。换句话说，对发动机10的曲轴15直接连结CVT16的第1带轮(第1动力传递部)16a，并且对电动发电机21设置CVT16的第2带轮(第2动力传递部)16b。而且，构成为，经由第1带轮16a和第2带轮16b进行曲轴15与电动发电机21之间的动力传递。
在该第1带轮16a与第2带轮16b之间挂绕着环状带或者链(动力传递构件)16c。从曲轴15经由第1带轮16a、动力传递构件16c和第2带轮16b向电动发电机21传递动力。此外，相反，从电动发电机21经由第2带轮16b、动力传递构件16c和第1带轮16a向曲轴15传递动力。
该CVT16中，通过使第1带轮16a和第2带轮16b的宽度分别变化，能够改变带轮16a、16b与动力传递构件16c相接的径向位置。与动力传递构件16c相接的位置如果是内侧，则带轮径变小，相反如果是外侧，则带轮径变大。然后，通过由电子控制下的液压或者电动机构(未图示)进行使2个带轮16a、16b的宽度的扩大缩小彼此相反地变化的控制，能够使动力传递构件16c不产生松弛而连续进行变速。
作为电力系统20的一部分的电动发电机21，作为发电机接受发动机10的驱动力而进行发电，或者，基于车辆2的制动力等再生力产生来进行再生发电。或者，作为马达进行驱动，将该驱动力向发动机10的曲轴15传递，来对发动机10的驱动力进行辅助。
另外，发电所得到的电力经由布线22，由变换器(INV)23进行变换后向第1电池(充电器：B1)24A充电。此外，对电动发电机21进行驱动时，将第1电池24A中充电的电力由变换器23进行变换后向电动发电机21供给。
在图1的构成中，还相对于第1电池24A串联设置DC-DC转换器(CON)25和第2电池(B2)24B，将第1电池24A的例如一般的12V或24V以上的高电压的电力，由DC-DC转换器25降压至例如12V后，向第2电池24B充电。从该第2电池24B向辅机的冷却风扇26A、冷却水泵26B、润滑油泵26C等供给电力。
在搭载有混合动力系统1的车辆2中，发动机10的动力被传递至动力传递系统30的变速器(transmission)31。进而，从变速器31经由传动轴(propeller shaft)32传递至动作装置(差动齿轮)33，从动作装置33经由驱动轴(drive shaft)34传递至车轮35。由此，发动机10的动力被传递至车轮35，车辆2行驶。另外，根据发动机10的搭载方式，从发动机10向车轮35的传递路径也可以不同。
另一方面，电动发电机21的动力为，第1电池24A中充电的电力经由变换器23被供给至电动发电机21，通过该电力使电动发电机21驱动而产生动力。该电动发电机21的动力经由CVT16被传递至曲轴15，在发动机10的动力传递路径中进行传递，被传递至车轮35。
由此，电动发电机21的动力与发动机10的动力均被传递至车轮35，车辆2行驶。另外，在再生时，按照相反的路径，车轮35的再生力或者发动机10的再生力被传递至电动发电机21，电动发电机21能够进行发电。
此外，设置有混合动力系统用控制装置41，一边对发动机10的转速Ne或负荷Q等运转状态、电动发电机21的转速Na等运转状态、第1电池24A和第2电池24B的充电容量(SOC)的状态进行监视，一边对CVT16、电动发电机21、变换器23、DC-DC转换器25等进行控制。该混合动力系统用控制装置41通常组装在对发动机10或车辆2进行控制的整体控制装置40中。该整体控制装置40在发动机10的控制中，对气缸内燃烧、涡轮增压器13、废气净化装置14、以及辅机的冷却风扇26A、冷却水泵26B和润滑油泵26C等进行控制。
以下，基于图2对搭载有这样的混合动力系统1的车辆2中的控制方法进行说明。
混合动力系统用控制装置41判定是否发出了发动机主体11的起动请求(也包含怠速停止时的再起动请求)(S10)，在发出了起动请求时，通过供给第1电池24A中充电的电力，来使电动发电机21旋转驱动(S20)，并且，将第1带轮16a的带轮径设为最大并且将第2带轮16b的带轮径设为最小(S30)，使曲轴15开始旋转而进行曲轴起动(S40)。
通过进行这样的控制，曲轴15成为高转矩且低旋转的状态，因此，能够抑制电动发电机21产生的转矩而延长第1电池24A的寿命。
此外，在上述的控制方法中，优选为，在曲轴15开始旋转(S40)之后，立刻使第2带轮16b的带轮径相对于第1带轮16a的带轮径之比连续地减少(S50)。具体地说，进行使第1带轮16a的带轮径连续地减小并且使第2带轮16b的带轮径连续地变大的控制。
通过这样设置，曲轴15连续地转变成高旋转且低转矩的状态，因此，缩短了曲轴15达到发动机主体11的曲轴起动所需转速的时间，因此，能够使发动机主体11很快且顺畅地起动。
另外，代替使第2带轮16b的带轮径相对于第1带轮16a的带轮径之比连续地减少，通过控制从第1电池24A向电动发电机21供给的电力来使电动发电机21的转矩连续地减少，也能够使曲轴15连续地转变成高旋转且低转矩的状态。
附图标记的说明
1 混合动力系统
2 混合动力车辆
10 发动机
11 发动机主体
15 曲轴
16 CVT
16a 第1带轮
16b 第2带轮
21 电动发电机
24A 第1电池
41 混合动力系统用控制装置

Claims (4)

1.一种混合动力系统，具有内燃机和电动发电机，该混合动力系统的特征在于，
设置有无级变速机构和控制单元，该无级变速机构与所述内燃机的曲轴直接连结，并且将所述内燃机的动力向所述电动发电机传递，该控制单元对所述混合动力系统进行控制；
所述控制单元在产生了所述内燃机的起动请求时，使所述电动发电机旋转驱动，并且，在将所述无级变速机构控制为使得从所述电动发电机向所述曲轴的传递转矩成为最大之后，使用所述电动发电机来对所述内燃机进行曲轴起动。
2.如权利要求1所述的混合动力系统，其特征在于，
所述控制单元，在将所述无级变速机构控制为使得从所述电动发电机向所述曲轴的传递转矩成为最大之后，将所述无级变速机构控制为使得所述传递转矩连续地减少。
3.如权利要求1所述的混合动力系统，其特征在于，
所述控制单元，在将所述无级变速机构控制为使得从所述电动发电机向所述曲轴的传递转矩成为最大之后，使所述电动发电机的转矩连续地减少。
4.一种混合动力系统的控制方法，该混合动力系统具有内燃机及电动发电机，经由与所述内燃机的曲轴直接连结的无级变速机构从所述电动发电机向所述内燃机传递动力，该混合动力系统的控制方法的特征在于，
在产生了所述内燃机的起动请求时，在将所述无级变速机构控制为使得从所述电动发电机向所述曲轴的传递转矩成为最大之后，使用所述电动发电机来对所述内燃机进行曲轴起动。
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