CN107618352A - 混合动力传动系 - Google Patents

混合动力传动系 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107618352A
CN107618352A CN201710492618.8A CN201710492618A CN107618352A CN 107618352 A CN107618352 A CN 107618352A CN 201710492618 A CN201710492618 A CN 201710492618A CN 107618352 A CN107618352 A CN 107618352A
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China
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coupled
gear train
gear
mechanical fastener
axis mechanical
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CN201710492618.8A
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F·萨米
D·F·拉尔
P·贝勒
C·J·李
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/30—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by chargeable mechanical accumulators, e.g. flywheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/0457—Splash lubrication
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于动力系系统的齿轮系设置成在内燃机、电机和传动系之间传送机械动力。该齿轮系包括飞轮、变矩器、离轴机械连接件和变速器齿轮箱。该离轴机械连接件包括可旋转地耦接至第二元件的第一元件。该飞轮耦接至内燃机的曲轴。该变矩器包括泵、涡轮和泵毂，且变速器齿轮箱包括输入构件。该变矩器的泵耦接至飞轮，且该泵毂耦接至离轴机械连接件的第一元件。该离轴机械连接件的第二元件耦接至电机的转子，且该变矩器的涡轮耦接至变速器齿轮箱的输入构件。

Description

混合动力传动系
技术领域
本公开涉及用于车辆的混合动力传动系。
背景技术
已知的混合动力传动系包括耦接至变速器以向传动系传送转矩以得到牵引力的内燃机和电动马达/发电机。已知的电动马达/发电机从能量存储系统中供应电力。用于混合动力传动系的动力系系统可以各种模式操作以产生推进动力并且向车轮传送推进动力。
发明内容
描述了一种用于动力系系统的齿轮系，且该齿轮系设置成在内燃机、电机和传动系之间传送机械动力。该齿轮系包括飞轮、变矩器、离轴机械连接件和变速器齿轮箱。该离轴机械连接件包括设置在该齿轮系的壳体内的齿轮组，并且包括可旋转地耦接至第二元件的第一元件。该飞轮耦接至内燃机的曲轴。该变矩器包括泵、涡轮和泵毂，且变速器齿轮箱包括输入构件。该变矩器的泵耦接至飞轮，且该泵毂耦接至离轴机械连接件的第一元件。该离轴机械连接件的第二元件耦接至电机的转子，且该变矩器的涡轮耦接至变速器齿轮箱的输入构件。
以上特征和优点以及本教导的其它特征和优点从某些最佳模式的以下详述和用于实行如随附权利要求书中限定、结合附图取得的本教导的其它实施例将容易地显而易见。
附图说明
现在将借助实例、参考附图描述一个或多个实施例，其中：
图1示意地说明根据本公开的包括耦接至齿轮系的内燃机和电机的传动系系统，其中该电机是经由离轴机械连接件耦接至齿轮系且其中该齿轮系耦接至传动系；
图2示意地说明根据本公开的参考图1描述的传动系系统的一部分的剖面侧视图，该传动系系统包括经由离轴机械连接件耦接至齿轮系的电机；
图3-1示意地说明根据本公开的图2的齿轮系的剖面端视图，该齿轮系包括呈链和链轮连接件的形式的离轴机械连接件的第一实施例；以及
图3-2示意地说明根据本公开的图2的齿轮系的剖面端视图，该齿轮系包括呈正齿轮组连接件的形式的离轴机械连接件的第二实施例。
具体实施方式
如本文描述和说明的所公开实施例的部件可以设置和设计成多种不同配置。因此，以下详细描述不旨在限制如所要求的本公开的范围，而仅仅代表其可能实施例。另外，虽然以下描述中陈述了许多具体细节以对本文所公开的实施例提供彻底理解，但是在没有某些或全部这样的细节的情况下可实践某些实施例。另外，为了清楚起见，没有详细描述相关领域中已知的某些技术材料以避免不必要地混淆本公开。
现在参考图1，示意性地示出了混合动力传动系系统100，且该混合动力传动系系统包括具有内燃机(发动机)10和至少一个电动转矩机(电机))30的多个转矩产生装置。发动机10和电机30机械地耦接至齿轮系60，且齿轮系60机械地耦接至传动系90。齿轮系60优选地包括飞轮14、变矩器50、离轴机械连接件40和变速器齿轮箱62。传动系90优选地包括差速器齿轮组92，其耦接至至少一个驱动轴构件94，该驱动轴构件耦接至对应的车轮96。电机30是经由离轴机械连接件40机械地耦接至齿轮系60。本文所述的概念可以适用于包括设置成在内燃机10、电机30和传动系90之间传送推进动力的齿轮系60的实施例的任何合适的配置。所有描述中的相同标号是指相同元件。传动系系统100的操作可以由控制器15来控制，为了便于说明将该控制器示为整体装置。传动系系统100可以有利地在车辆上采用来提供推进动力。车辆可以包括但不限于呈商业车辆、工业车辆、农用车辆、客车、飞机、船舶、火车、全地形车辆、个人移动设备、机器人等形式的移动平台，以完成本公开的目的。
发动机10包括曲轴12，其具有机械地耦接至飞轮14的输出部分，该飞轮是经由分离离合器20耦接至变矩器50的泵56。分离离合器20可以集成至变矩器50的壳体中，因此促进再生制动模式和滑行中的动力系操作，促进仅电动驱动模式中的操作以及增强断开节气门航行。这还促进发动机10的起动而不使变矩器50的泵56转动。在一个实施例(如所示)中，分离离合器20配置成当启动时将飞轮14耦接至变矩器50的泵56。替代地(未示出)，分离离合器20可以配置成在启动时耦接于泵56与离轴机械连接件40的第二旋转构件46之前的泵毂57之间。
发动机10优选地被配置为通过热力学燃烧过程将燃料转换为机械转矩的多缸内燃机。发动机10配备有多个致动器和感测装置用于监测操作和输送燃料以形成缸内燃烧充气，其在活塞上产生膨胀力，其中这种力被传送至曲轴12以产生转矩。发动机10优选地包括起动器22，该起动器包括起动器开关和起动器齿轮24，其中起动机齿轮24啮合地接合齿轮齿，该齿轮齿设置在飞轮14的外圆周上，该飞轮在一个实施例中耦接至曲轴12。起动器22优选地被配置为单相电动马达，其包括耦接至起动器齿轮24的输出轴，其中单相电动马达是经由起动器开关的启动电连接至低电压电池78。替代地，起动器22可以被配置为电连接至高电压总线的一个支脚的无刷马达。在一个实施例中，起动器齿轮24与飞轮14永久地啮合地接合。在一个实施例中，飞轮14还经由分离离合器20耦接至变矩器50的泵部分56。在一个实施例中，分离离合器20是可选机械二极管，诸如单向离合器或可选单向离合器。在一个实施例中，起动器22被省略，且起动功能由电机30提供。发动机10的致动器(包括起动器22的起动器开关)优选地由发动机控制器来控制。
离轴机械连接件40优选地包括可旋转地耦接至第二旋转构件46的第一旋转构件42，其中第一旋转构件42耦接至电机30，且第二旋转构件46耦接至变矩器50的泵部分56。第一旋转构件42经由链和链轮配置、啮合齿轮组配置、皮带和滑轮配置或另一种合适的机械配置可旋转地耦接至第二旋转构件46。取决于电机30和发动机10的相对功率输出容量以及其它因素，第一旋转构件42与第二旋转构件46之间的齿轮比或速比可以是任何合适的比例，包括欠驱动比或过驱动比。优选地，离轴机械连接件40分别设置在齿轮系60的第一壳体部分52和第二壳体部分54内，因此允许其一部分浸入在润滑流体(未示出)中。参考图2以及图3-1和3-2来描绘离轴机械连接件40的实施例。
发动机10优选地用适当的硬件机械化，且发动机控制器优选地包括合适的控制例程以执行自动启动和自动停止功能、燃料供给和燃料切断(FCO)功能以及在传动系系统100的正在进行的操作期间的全气缸和气缸停用功能。发动机10在其未旋转时被视为处于关闭状态。发动机10在其旋转时被视为处于启动状态。全汽缸状态包括其中全部发动机汽缸均由于燃料供给和点火启动的发动机操作。停缸状态包括以下发动机操作：其中一个或多个发动机汽缸由于未进行燃料供给、未点火而停用，并且优选地操作成使得发动机排气阀处于开启状态以将泵送损失最小化，而剩余的汽缸进行燃料供给和点火并且因此产生转矩。启动状态可以包括其中发动机10转动并且未进行燃料供给的FCO状态。启动状态可以包括停缸状态。启动状态可以包括FCO状态结合停缸状态。用于执行自动启动、自动停止、FCO的发动机机械化和控制例程以及停缸控制例程是已知的并且不会在本文进行描述。发动机操作可以在发动机状态(包括发动机操作状态、发动机燃料供给状态和发动机汽缸状态)的背景中进行描述。发动机操作状态优选包括启动和关闭状态。发动机燃料供给状态包括燃料供给状态和FCO状态。发动机汽缸状态包括全汽缸状态和停缸状态。
电机30优选地是配置成将存储的电能转换成机械动力并且将机械动力转换成可以存储在直流(DC)电源70中的电能的多相电动马达/发电机。在一个实施例中，DC电源70可被配置在标称的48伏DC电压电平下。替代地，DC电源70可以被配置在标称的300伏DC电压电平或可以选择的另一个合适的电压电平下。电机30优选地包括转子32和定子34，并且经由逆变器模块38电连接至DC电源70。转子32耦接至离轴机械连接件40的第一旋转构件42。替代地，可以采用另一种非燃烧转矩机(诸如气动动力装置或液压动力装置)来代替电机30。以定义方式，非燃烧转矩机是能够通过将势能源转换为动能产生转矩而不燃烧势能的任何装置。势能源的非限制性实例可以包括电能、气动能和液压能。气动动力装置和液压动力装置是已知的且不会在本文进行详细描述。
变矩器50是设置在发动机10的输入构件和变速器齿轮箱62的输入构件64之间的可旋转转矩耦接装置。变矩器50优选地包括可旋转地耦接至曲轴12的泵56；定子元件(未示出)；涡轮58，该涡轮可旋转地耦接至输入构件64，进而耦接至变速器齿轮箱62；以及可控离合器(未示出)。泵56包括泵毂57，其包括离轴机械连接件40的第二旋转构件46。变矩器50操作以当变矩器离合器停用或被释放时在泵56与涡轮58之间提供流体转矩耦接，并且当变矩器离合器被启动时在泵56与涡轮58之间提供机械转矩耦接。本领域技术人员理解与变矩器50的设计和操作有关的细节。
变速器齿轮箱62在一个实施例中可以被设置成步进齿轮配置，并且可以包括一个或多个差速器齿轮组和可启动离合器，其配置成在速比范围内以多种固定齿轮状态中的一种状态在发动机10、输入构件64和输出构件66之间执行转矩传送。液压泵68配置成将加压液压流体供应至变速器齿轮箱62，并且可旋转地耦接至泵毂57。替代地，变速器齿轮箱62可以被配置为手动变速器、无级变速器或CVT装置、双离合器变速器或DCT装置，或另一种合适的装置。当变速器齿轮箱62被配置为手动变速器时，离轴机械连接件40的第二旋转构件46可以直接耦接至壳体50外部的飞轮14，优选地没有介入的变矩器(未示出)。在这种实施例中，手动变速器齿轮箱包括用户离合器和输入构件。离轴机械连接件40的第一元件42耦接至飞轮14，并且当被施用时还经由用户离合器耦接至手动变速器的输入构件。离轴机械连接件的第二元件46耦接至电机30(未示出)的转子32。
变速器齿轮箱62可以包括呈霍尔效应传感器或可以配置成监测输入构件64的转速的另一种合适的传感器形式的第一转速传感器，和/或配置为监测输出构件66的转速的第二转速传感器。变速器齿轮箱62包括任何合适的配置，并且可以是自动变速器，其在固定齿轮状态之间自动换档以按照实现输出转矩请求与发动机操作点之间的优选匹配的齿轮比来操作。变速器齿轮箱62自动地执行升档以换档至在预设速度/负载点下具有较低数值倍率(齿轮比)的齿轮状态，并且执行降档以换档至在预设速度/负载点下具有较高数值倍率的齿轮状态。变速器齿轮箱62可以使用与变速器控制器进行通信的可控液压回路来控制，该变速器控制器可以集成在控制器15中或与该控制器分离。变速器控制器优选地控制变矩器离合器。变速器齿轮箱62执行升档以换档至具有较低数值倍率(齿轮比)的固定齿轮，并且执行降档以换档至具有较高数值倍率的固定齿轮。变速器升档可能需要降低发动机速度，因此在与目标齿轮状态相关联的齿轮比下，发动机转速与变速器输出速度乘以该齿轮比匹配。变速器降档可能需要增大发动机速度，因此在与目标齿轮状态相关联的齿轮比下，发动机转速与变速器输出速度乘以该齿轮比匹配。变速器和变速器换档的设计是已知的，且不会在本文进行详细。变速器操作可以在控制变量的背景中进行描述，该控制变量可以被传达至与选定固定齿轮状态相关的变速器齿轮箱62。变速器齿轮箱62的输出构件66直接地或经由链驱动机构、啮合齿轮组或另一种合适的转矩变速器配置可旋转地耦接至差速器齿轮组92的输入构件。
传动系90设置成经由驱动轴构件94在变速器齿轮箱62与车轮96之间传送推进动力，该驱动轴构件耦接至差速器齿轮组92。传动系90可以设置在前轮驱动配置、后轮驱动配置(如所示)或全轮驱动配置中。传动系统90配置成经由车轮96在变速器齿轮箱62的输出部件66、电机30和路面之间传送牵引动力。传动系90是说明性的，且本文描述的概念适用于类似配置的其它传动系系统。
逆变器模块38优选地配置有MGU控制器和合适的控制电路，该控制电路包括功率晶体管，例如用于将DC电力变换成AC电力并且将AC电力变换为DC电力的集成栅双极晶体管(IGBT)。逆变器模块38优选地采用IGBT的脉宽调制(PWM)控制以将产生在DC电源70中的DC电力转换为AC电力以驱动电机30来产生转矩。类似地，逆变器模块38将传送至电机30的机械动力转换为DC电力以产生可以存储在DC电源70中的电能，包括作为再生控制策略的部分。逆变器模块38的MGU控制器从控制器15接收马达控制命令并且控制逆变器状态以提供期望马达驱动操作或再生制动操作。在一个实施例中，辅助式DC/DC电力转换器76经由高电压总线电连接至DC电源70，并且经由低电压总线供电以对低电压电池78充电。这样的电力连接是已知的并且不会在本文进行描述。低电压电池78对传动系系统100上的低电压系统以及车辆提供低电压电力，该低电压系统包括(例如)起动器22、电动窗、HVAC风扇、座椅和其它装置。在一个实施例中，低电压电池78配置成以标称的12VDC电压电平操作。
DC电源70优选地设置成以任何合适的电压电平供电，并且可以是任何DC电源，例如(不限于)多单元锂离子装置、超级电容器或另一种合适的装置。与DC电源70有关的受监测参数优选地包括充电状态(SOC)、温度以及其它参数。在一个实施例中，当车辆静止时，DC电源70可以经由车载电池充电器电连接至远程的非车载电源用于充电。
控制器15可以信号方式连接至操作者接口(未示出)，并且操作以提供对多个控制装置的分层控制，以执行对传动系系统100的单独元件的操作控制，该元件包括例如逆变器模块38、发动机控制器和变速器控制器。控制器15直接或经由通信总线16与逆变器模块38、发动机控制器和变速器控制器中的每一个进行通信以监测操作并且控制器操作。术语控制器、控制模块、模块、控制、控制单元、处理器和类似术语是指专用集成电路(ASIC)、电子电路、中央处理单元(例如，微处理器)以及呈存储器和存储装置(只读、可编程只读、随机访问、硬盘等)的形式的相关非暂时性存储器部件的任何一个或各种组合。非暂时性存储器部件能够存储呈一个或多个软件或固件程序或例程的形式的机器可读指令，是组合逻辑电路、输入/输出电路和装置、信号调节和缓冲电路，以及可由提供所描述功能性的一个或多个处理器访问的其它部件。输入/输出电路和装置包括模拟/数字转换器以及监测来自传感器的输入的相关装置，其中这样的输入以预设采样频率或响应于触发事件而监测。软件、固件、程序、指令、控制例程、代码、算法和类似术语意味着包括刻度和查找表的任何控制器可执行指令集。每个控制器均执行控制例程以提供期望功能，该功能包括监测来自感测装置和其它联网控制器的输入以及执行控制和诊断例程以控制致动器的操作。例程可以规则的间隔而定期执行或可以响应于触发事件的发生而执行。控制器之间的通信和控制器、致动器和/或传感器之间的通信可以使用直接有线链路、联网通信总线链路、无线链路、串行外围接口总线或任何另一种合适的通信链路而实现。通信包括以任何合适形式交换数据信号，包括(例如)经由导电介质交换电信号、经由空气交换电磁信号、经由光学波导交换光学信号等。数据信号可以包括代表来自传感器的输入的信号、表示致动器命令的信号和控制器之间的通信信号。
响应于操作者请求的车辆操作包括加速、制动、稳态运行、滑行和空转的操作模式。加速模式包括对提高车速的操作者请求。制动模式包括对降低车速的操作者请求。稳态运行模式包括其中车辆当前正以一定速度率移动且没有操作者请求制动或加速的车辆操作，其中车速基于当前车速和车辆动量、车辆风阻和滚动阻力以及传动系惯性阻力确定。滑行模式包括其中车速高于最小阈值速度且对加速器踏板的操作者请求处于小于维持当前车速所需的点的车辆操作。空转模式包括其中车速处于或接近零的车辆操作。
传动系系统100可以多种模式中的一种模式操作，该模式可以在正在进行的传动系操作期间进行选择和实施以执行加速、制动、稳态运行、滑行和空转的车辆操作。传动系模式包括仅发动机驱动模式、仅电动驱动模式、再生模式和发动机/电动辅助驱动模式，其中伴随着发动机自动启动/自动停机操作。在仅发动机驱动模式中，发动机10控制成产生推进动力，而电机30凭惯性前进。在车辆加速或稳态运行期间或当DC电源70的SOC大于最大电平时，可以指令此模式。在仅电驱动模式中，电机30被控制为马达以产生推进动力，而发动机10处于关闭状态并且通过分离离合器20的作用而分离。可以在空转、车辆加速或稳态运行期间指令此模式。在再生模式中，电机30被控制为发电机以对传动系转矩做出反应并且产生电力，而发动机10空转或处于关闭状态并且通过分离离合器20的作用而分离。可以在滑行和车辆制动期间指令此模式。在发动机/电动辅助驱动模式中，发动机10和电机30控制成产生推进动力。可以在车辆加速或稳态运行期间指令此模式。
图2示意性地示出了经由离轴机械连接件40机械地耦接至电机30的齿轮系60的一部分的剖面侧视图。电机30的已说明元件包括转子32、定子34和壳体36。齿轮系60的已说明元件包括设置在第一壳体部分52内的变矩器50、离轴机械连接件40以及设置在第二壳体部分54内的变速器齿轮箱62。变矩器50的已说明性元件包括泵56、泵毂57和涡轮58。离轴机械连接件40的已说明元件包括第一旋转构件42和第二旋转构件46，其中第一旋转构件42耦接至电机30的转子32，且第二旋转构件46耦接至变矩器50的泵毂57。指示剖面端视图3-1和3-2。
图2的齿轮系60的剖面图3-1是离轴机械连接件40的第一实施例。离轴机械连接件40的此实施例优选地为链和链轮连接件的形式。在此实施例中，第一旋转构件42是耦接至电机30的转子32的带齿齿轮，且第二旋转构件46是耦接至变矩器50的泵毂57的带齿齿轮。连续链44设置成耦接第一旋转构件42和第二旋转构件46的旋转。合适的张紧器、空转齿轮等也可以设置在其中。第一旋转构件42和第二旋转构件46可以设计成具有允许基于发动机10和电机30的转矩、速度和功率能力来选择的耦接的合适的齿轮比。替代地，第一旋转构件42和第二旋转构件46可以包括适当直径的两个滑轮以实现选定速比，且连续链44可以是连续的柔性带形式。
图2的齿轮系60的剖面图3-2是离轴机械连接件40的第二实施例。离轴机械连接件40此实施例优选地为包括多个啮合接合的齿轮元件的正齿轮组连接件的形式。在此实施例中，第一旋转构件42是耦接至电机30的转子32的正齿轮，且第二旋转构件46是耦接至变矩器50的泵毂57的正齿轮。第一中间正齿轮47和第二中间正齿轮48分别设置在第一旋转构件42与第二旋转构件46之间并且与其啮合地接合。第一旋转构件42和第二旋转构件46以及第一中间正齿轮47和第二中间正齿轮48可以设计成具有允许基于发动机10和电机30的转矩、速度和功率能力来选择的机械耦接的合适的最终齿轮比。
本文所述的装置通过利用变矩器50来增强车辆驾驶性能。本文所述的装置在电机30与齿轮系60之间提供可靠连接。电机30以由发动机转速确定的速度转动，因此允许电机30操作为交流发电机，并且消除了在一个实施例中对单独部件用于提供电气交流发电机的功能的需要。电机30将液压泵68转动，该液压泵配置成向变速器齿轮箱62供应加压液压流体，因此消除了在一个实施例中对辅助液压泵的需要并且消除了对相关联电机的需要。
详述和附图或图支持并且描述本教导，但是本教导的范围仅仅是由权利要求限定。虽然已详细地描述了用于实行本教导的某些最佳模式和其它实施例，但是存在用于实践随附权利要求书中限定的本公开的各种替代设计和实施例。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于动力系系统的齿轮系，其中所述齿轮系设置成在内燃机、电机和传动系之间传送机械动力，所述齿轮系包括：
飞轮、变矩器、离轴机械连接件和变速器齿轮箱；
其中：
所述离轴机械连接件设置在所述齿轮系的壳体内，并且包括可旋转地耦接至第二元件的第一元件；
所述变矩器包括泵、涡轮和泵毂，
所述飞轮耦接至所述内燃机的曲轴并且耦接至所述变矩器的所述泵，所述变速器齿轮箱包括输入构件，
所述泵毂耦接至所述离轴机械连接件的所述第一元件，
所述离轴机械连接件的所述第二元件耦接至所述电机的转子，以及
所述变矩器的所述涡轮耦接至所述变速器齿轮箱的所述输入构件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的齿轮系，其中所述离轴机械连接件包括正齿轮组，其中所述第一元件包括第一正齿轮且所述第二元件包括第二正齿轮，且其中所述第一和第二正齿轮经由啮合地接合的中间正齿轮可旋转地耦接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的齿轮系，其中所述离轴机械连接件包括链和链轮齿轮组，其中所述第一元件包括第一带齿齿轮且所述第二元件包括第二带齿齿轮，且其中所述第一和第二带齿齿轮经由链可旋转地耦接。
4.根据权利要求1所述的齿轮系，其中所述离轴机械连接件包括皮带和滑轮装置，其中所述第一元件包括第一滑轮且所述第二元件包括第二滑轮，且其中所述第一和第二滑轮经由皮带可旋转地耦接。
5.根据权利要求1所述的齿轮系，其中所述离轴机械连接件的一部分浸入在润滑流体中。
6.根据权利要求1所述的齿轮系，其进一步包括可旋转地耦接至液压泵的所述泵毂，所述液压泵配置成向所述变速器齿轮箱供应加压液压流体。
7.根据权利要求1所述的齿轮系，其进一步包括设置在所述飞轮与所述变矩器的所述泵之间的分离离合器，其中所述飞轮耦接至所述内燃机的所述曲轴并且经由所述分离离合器的启动耦接至所述变矩器的所述泵。
8.根据权利要求7所述的齿轮系，其中所述分离离合器包括可选机械二极管或摩擦离合器中的一个。
9.根据权利要求1所述的齿轮系，其中所述电机设置成用作交流发电机。
10.一种用于动力系系统的齿轮系，其中所述齿轮系设置成在内燃机、电机和传动系之间传送机械动力，所述齿轮系包括：
飞轮、离轴机械连接件和手动变速器齿轮箱的输入构件；
其中：
所述离轴机械连接件设置在所述齿轮系的壳体外部，并且包括可旋转地耦接至第二元件的第一元件，
所述飞轮耦接至所述内燃机的曲轴，
所述离轴机械连接件的所述第一元件耦接至所述飞轮，并且耦接至所述手动变速器齿轮箱的所述输入构件，以及
所述离轴机械连接件的所述第二元件耦接至所述电机的转子。
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