CN105360597A - Functional medicinal bait for improving quality of soft-shelled turtles and preparation method and feeding method thereof - Google Patents
Functional medicinal bait for improving quality of soft-shelled turtles and preparation method and feeding method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
The invention provides functional medicinal bait for improving quality of soft-shelled turtles. The functional medicinal bait is prepared from, by weight, 145-155 parts of rhizoma polygonati, 95-105 parts of codonopsis pilosula, 75-85 parts of prepared rehmannia roots, 65-75 parts of lycium barbarum, 48-52 parts of semen cuscutae, 48-52 parts of honeysuckle, 9-10.5 parts of berberine, 148-152 parts of beta-glucan, and 300-350 parts of selenium-enriched corn protein powder or 0.8-1.2 parts of selenium powder. The invention further provides a preparation method and feeding method of the functional medicinal bait for improving the quality of the soft-shelled turtles. The physique of the soft-shelled turtles can be remarkably improved, immunity is improved, the morbidity is reduced, and the survival rate is increased. The width and thickness of calipash can be increased, the content of delicious amino acid in muscles is greatly increased, the quality, taste, appearance and quality safety of the bred soft-shelled turtles are guaranteed, and the quality of the soft-shelled turtles and the composite economic results of breeding can be effectively improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to soft-shelled turtle and raise field, relate in particular to a kind of functional pharmaceutical chemistry promoting soft-shelled turtle quality and preparation method thereof and feeding method.
Background technology
Soft-shelled turtle is commonly called as soft-shelled turtle, is a kind of oviparity amphibian animal reptile, lives in water-bed silt of being everlasting.Soft-shelled turtle nourishing enriches, and is rich in the trace elements such as the protein (comprising collagen, keratin etc.) of high-quality, unrighted acid, multivitamin and calcium, iron, copper, zinc, the enriching yin and nourishing kidney of turtle energy, and heat-clearing disappears silt, spleen-and-stomach-invigorating.The head of soft-shelled turtle, first, bone, meat, ovum, courage, fat all can be used as medicine, especially contained vitamin B1, B2, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, melanin free radical etc. are that international medical community generally acknowledges healthy ingredient that is anti-oxidant, anticancer, anti-ageing and raising immunologic function, and therefore soft-shelled turtle is rare tonic good merchantable brand.
Along with the breakthrough of soft-shelled turtle raising technology and artificially controlling temperature support the development of soft-shelled turtle technology, China's breeding soft-shell turtle industry is fast-developing, and within 2013, national soft-shelled turtle total output reaches more than 30 ten thousand tons, estimates at least to need soft-shelled turtle feed about 350,000 tons every year, the output value about 4,000,000,000 yuan.At present, various different intensive culture pattern, causes the commodity soft-shelled turtle quality cultivated to decline, can not meet the high request of present consumer to food quality.
In order to promote the quality of soft-shelled turtle, some raiser starts with from fermentation such as the reductions of the optimization (water quality, temperature) of feeding environment, stocking density, and some raiser then starts with from the lifting aspect of feeding quality (buying import high-quality bed material).Although these two kinds of modes can both from the quality to a certain degree promoting soft-shelled turtle above, its aquaculture cost is very high, brings very large financial burden to raiser.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the functional pharmaceutical chemistry that a kind of cost is low, be incorporated in soft-shelled turtle feed soft-shelled turtle quality of throwing something and feeding, can effectively promote.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: a kind of functional pharmaceutical chemistry promoting soft-shelled turtle quality, by weight, following raw material is comprised: sealwort 145-155, Radix Codonopsis 95-105, prepared rhizome of rehmannia 75-85, matrimony vine 65-75, the seed of Chinese dodder 48-52, honeysuckle 48-52, jamaicin 9-10.5, beta glucan 148-152, selenium-rich corn albumen powder 300-350 or selenium powder 0.8-1.2.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of the functional pharmaceutical chemistry of described lifting soft-shelled turtle quality, comprise the following steps: by sealwort, Radix Codonopsis, prepared rhizome of rehmannia, matrimony vine, the seed of Chinese dodder, honeysuckle mixing, be crushed to particle diameter≤10um, add jamaicin, beta glucan, selenium-rich corn albumen powder or selenium powder again, mix.
The present invention also provides the feeding method of the functional pharmaceutical chemistry of described lifting soft-shelled turtle quality, comprise the following steps: the ratio of the functional pharmaceutical chemistry of described lifting soft-shelled turtle quality 1:50 is in mass ratio incorporated in soft-shelled turtle feed, and be fully uniformly mixed, then make soft pellet diet and feed soft-shelled turtle, throw something and feed continuously to mid-September at the bottom of May, day feeding volume be 3% ~ 5% of soft-shelled turtle gross weight in breeding water body.
Sealwort is Monocotyledonae, Liliaceae, Polygonatum herbaceos perennial, containing the material such as Siberian solomonseal rhizome polysaccharide, steroid saponin, alkaloid and anthraquinone, flavones, cardiac glycoside, lignans, has the effect of anti-oxidant, immunological regulation, anti-inflammatory resisting pathogenic microbes.
Radix Codonopsis is Dicotyledoneae, Campanulaceae, Codonopsis herbaceos perennial, containing triterpene compound, atractyloide, syringaldehyde (glucoside), vanillic acid and containing compositions such as tangshenoside, codonolactone and codopiloic acid, volatile oil, Alkaloid, vitamin B2, nicotinic acid and a large amount of synanthrin, have enriching blood, increase erythrocyte, hemoglobin, adjustment nervous centralis, anti-oxidant raising immunity effect.
Glutinous rehmannia is Dicotyledoneae, Scrophulariaceae, glutinous rehmannia belong to meat radicant, containing iridoid glycosides (comprise dihydro Catalpin, Aucubin, Catalpin), alcohols (comprising β mono-sitosterol, stigmasterol, sweet mellow wine, daucosterol), carbohydrate (comprising 1-ethyl-β-D-galactoside, sucrose, stachyose), several amino acids (comprising arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, threonine, edge propylhomoserin, glycine, alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, GABA).There is develop immunitypty, promote the recovery of red blood cell and hemoglobin, accelerate candidate stem cell, marrow hemopoiesis mother cell propagation, break up, protect the liver, the antimycotic effect of anti-inflammatory.
Matrimony vine is Dicotyledoneae, Solanaceae, the perennial shrub of Lycium, and ripening fruits is containing LBP-X (arabinose, glucose, galactolipin, mannose, wood sugar, rhamnose), betaine (comprising maize xanthin, physalin), wolfberry pigment (carrotene, lutein), atropine, hyoscyamine; Also containing several amino acids (comprising leucine, valine, proline, alanine, tyrosine, glutamine etc.) and volatile ingredient (mainly safranal, alpha, beta-lonone (β-; 3-hydroxy-beta-irisone, left-handed 1,2-dehydrogenation-α-rhizome of nutgrass flatsedge alkene, potato spiral shell dienone and taurine, GABA.Have and improve cytophagous phagocytic function, improve lymphocytic multiplication capacity and blood lactic acid dehydrogenase activity, strengthen nospecific immunity and oxidation resistant effect.
The seed of Chinese dodder is Dicotyledoneae, Convolvulaceae, the annual parasitic plant of semen cuscatue spp, containing the composition such as carbohydrate, alkaloid, resin-like glucoside, anthraquinone, cumarin, flavones, sterol (cholesterine, campesterol, sitosterol, stigmasterol and triterpene acids), tannic acid, carbohydrate, flavonoids.There is the vigor of leucocyte, erythrocyte number and the hemoglobin increased in blood, superoxide dismutase, regulate endocrine, promote that liver glycogen and adrenal gland ascorbic acid rise, increase effect of non-specific immunity.
Honeysuckle is Dicotyledoneae, Caprifoliaceae, the perennial half evergreen winding of Lonicera and stolon shrub, containing the palmitic acid etc. of the chlorogenic acid of the cyanidenon of flavone compound, organic acid compound, isochlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, triterpene compound, alcohol compound cupreol, inositol, nonacosanol and volatile oil.Main component galuteolin in honeysuckle flavone compound is the active component that traditional Chinese medicine honeysuckle is stronger, the effect such as have hepatic cholagogic, immunity moderation, clearing heat and detoxicating, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory is antibacterial.
Jamaicin to hemolytic streptococcus, staphylococcus aureus, gonococcus and Fu Shi, Shigella shigae etc. all have antibacterial action, and have and strengthen white blood cell phagocytosis, also have inhibitory action in various degree to tubercle bacillus, plague bacillus; Jamaicin has anti-curare effect in animals, and has peripheral step-down and refrigeration function.
Beta glucan can improve the phagocytic activity of blood monocytes, neutrophil leucocyte and macrophage, strengthen T lymphocyte function, promote lymphocyte transformation and propagation, promoting the growth of three kinds of important cells (II type interleukins, cachectin, IFN-γ) amicine, is the inhibitor of macrophage-stimulating agent and growth of tumour cell and transfer.
Selenium can activate the important substance glutathione peroxidase in antioxidant system, and protection and reparation damaged cell, improve erythrocytic oxygen carrying capacity, removing toxic substances, toxin expelling, promote immunity.The present invention selects selenium-rich corn albumen powder to provide selenium or directly to add selenium powder.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in:
1. the present invention is raw materials used is Common Chinese Herbs, and source is wide, advantage of lower cost, and is throw something and feed in soft-shelled turtle feed with comparatively small scale blending, and its aquaculture cost is low, is suitable for promoting;
2. raw meal is broken to particle diameter≤10um by the present invention, cell-wall breaking ratio is greater than 95%, these traditional Chinese medicinal material raw materials are after ultramicro grinding, its bioactive ingredients retains, but granularity is trickleer, even, area increases, porosity increases, and adsorptivity and dissolubility strengthen, and active ingredient can be made directly to expose, be easier to active ingredient stripping, during medicine can disperse preferably, be dissolved in gastric juice (solid emulsification), increase the contact area with stomach lining, thus more easily by gastrointestinal absorption, strengthen drug effect, substantially increase bioavilability;
3. the present invention throws something and feeds soft-shelled turtle, and can make that soft-shelled turtle is physically fit, Quick off the mark, shirt rim be generous, disease incident reduces by 76.8%; Metric characters is analyzed: male turtles shirt rim mean breadth 6.7cm, and more common male turtles shirt rim increases by 37.5%, female soft-shelled turtle shirt rim mean breadth 4.2cm, and more common female soft-shelled turtle shirt rim increases by 30.5%, and soft-shelled turtle shirt rim fresh weight on average increases by 32.6%; After the soft-shelled turtle cultivating a year is slaughtered, get equivalent male and female soft-shelled turtle muscle and refrigerate 6 hours under 5 DEG C of environment Celsius, measure the kreatinin of flavor in muscle, guanylic acid, inosine and inosinicacid mean value and reach 2.3217mg/g, 0.0165mg/g, 0.1835mg/g, 0.1670mg/g respectively, more common soft-shelled turtle improves 51.7%, 25%, 12.3%, 31.3% respectively.
To sum up, the present invention can significantly strengthen soft-shelled turtle physique, improves immunity, reduces the incidence of disease, improves survival rate; Can make the generous increase in soft-shelled turtle shirt rim, in muscle, delicious amino acid content significantly promotes, and protects the quality of evident cultivation soft-shelled turtle, mouthfeel, outward appearance and quality safety, effectively can promote the quality of soft-shelled turtle and the overall economic efficiency of cultivation.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described:
General description is carried out to the material used in the present invention's experiment and experimental technique in this part.Although for realizing many materials that the object of the invention uses and method of operating is well known in the art, the present invention describes in detail as far as possible at this.It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that hereinafter, if not specified, material therefor of the present invention, equipment and method of operating are well known in the art.Wherein selenium-rich corn albumen powder is purchased from the carefree modern agriculture Science and Technology Ltd. of Anhui selenium.
Embodiment 1
Promote a functional pharmaceutical chemistry for soft-shelled turtle quality, by weight, comprise following raw material: sealwort 150, Radix Codonopsis 100, prepared rhizome of rehmannia 80, matrimony vine 70, the seed of Chinese dodder 50, honeysuckle 50, jamaicin 10, beta glucan 150, selenium-rich corn albumen powder 325.
The preparation method of the functional pharmaceutical chemistry of above-mentioned lifting soft-shelled turtle quality, comprise the following steps: by sealwort, Radix Codonopsis, prepared rhizome of rehmannia, matrimony vine, the seed of Chinese dodder, honeysuckle mixing, being crushed to particle diameter is 10um, then adds jamaicin, beta glucan, selenium-rich corn albumen powder, mixes.
Embodiment 2
Promote a functional pharmaceutical chemistry for soft-shelled turtle quality, by weight, comprise following raw material: sealwort 145, Radix Codonopsis 105, prepared rhizome of rehmannia 75, matrimony vine 65, the seed of Chinese dodder 52, honeysuckle 48, jamaicin 10.5, beta glucan 148, selenium-rich corn albumen powder 350.
The preparation method of the functional pharmaceutical chemistry of above-mentioned lifting soft-shelled turtle quality, comprise the following steps: by sealwort, Radix Codonopsis, prepared rhizome of rehmannia, matrimony vine, the seed of Chinese dodder, honeysuckle mixing, being crushed to particle diameter is 9um, then adds jamaicin, beta glucan, selenium-rich corn albumen powder, mixes.
Embodiment 3
Promote a functional pharmaceutical chemistry for soft-shelled turtle quality, by weight, comprise following raw material: sealwort 155, Radix Codonopsis 95, prepared rhizome of rehmannia 85, matrimony vine 75, the seed of Chinese dodder 48, honeysuckle 52, jamaicin 9, beta glucan 152, selenium-rich corn albumen powder 300.
The preparation method of the functional pharmaceutical chemistry of above-mentioned lifting soft-shelled turtle quality, comprise the following steps: by sealwort, Radix Codonopsis, prepared rhizome of rehmannia, matrimony vine, the seed of Chinese dodder, honeysuckle mixing, being crushed to particle diameter is 8um, then adds jamaicin, beta glucan, selenium-rich corn albumen powder, mixes.
Embodiment 4
Promote a functional pharmaceutical chemistry for soft-shelled turtle quality, by weight, comprise following raw material: sealwort 150, Radix Codonopsis 100, prepared rhizome of rehmannia 80, matrimony vine 70, the seed of Chinese dodder 50, honeysuckle 50, jamaicin 10, beta glucan 150, selenium powder 1.
The preparation method of the functional pharmaceutical chemistry of above-mentioned lifting soft-shelled turtle quality, comprise the following steps: by sealwort, Radix Codonopsis, prepared rhizome of rehmannia, matrimony vine, the seed of Chinese dodder, honeysuckle mixing, being crushed to particle diameter is 10um, then adds jamaicin, beta glucan, selenium powder, mixes.
Embodiment 5
Promote a functional pharmaceutical chemistry for soft-shelled turtle quality, by weight, comprise following raw material: sealwort 145, Radix Codonopsis 105, prepared rhizome of rehmannia 75, matrimony vine 65, the seed of Chinese dodder 52, honeysuckle 48, jamaicin 10.5, beta glucan 148, selenium powder 1.2.
The preparation method of the functional pharmaceutical chemistry of above-mentioned lifting soft-shelled turtle quality, comprise the following steps: by sealwort, Radix Codonopsis, prepared rhizome of rehmannia, matrimony vine, the seed of Chinese dodder, honeysuckle mixing, being crushed to particle diameter is 9um, then adds jamaicin, beta glucan, selenium powder, mixes.
Embodiment 6
Promote a functional pharmaceutical chemistry for soft-shelled turtle quality, by weight, comprise following raw material: sealwort 155, Radix Codonopsis 95, prepared rhizome of rehmannia 85, matrimony vine 75, the seed of Chinese dodder 48, honeysuckle 52, jamaicin 9, beta glucan 152, selenium powder 0.8.
The preparation method of the functional pharmaceutical chemistry of above-mentioned lifting soft-shelled turtle quality, comprise the following steps: by sealwort, Radix Codonopsis, prepared rhizome of rehmannia, matrimony vine, the seed of Chinese dodder, honeysuckle mixing, being crushed to particle diameter is 8um, then adds jamaicin, beta glucan, selenium powder, mixes.
Embodiment 7
Culture efficiency contrast experiment
The present embodiment is outstanding in Anhui to carry out with auspicious aquaculture Co., Ltd cultivation base; Soft-shelled turtle pool area 3 mu ~ 5 mu does not wait, the dark 1.5m ~ 1.8m in pond, depth of water 1.0m ~ 1.5m, the wide 1m ~ 3m of dike, and levee slope is than 1:3, and sandy silt 20 ~ 5cm at the bottom of pond, takes to put and make food platform with wooden frame and close net, and color steel watt the anti-of laying escapes wall height 0.5m.
Breeding process is as follows:
On May 25th, (1) 2012 starts, and selects the female soft-shelled turtle in greenhouse 2500, and only, male turtles 2500, on average puts 500 in a suitable place to breed for every mu to average size 400g/ by average size 550g/; On May 26th, 2013 starts, and selects the female soft-shelled turtle in greenhouse 3000, and only, male turtles 3000, on average puts 600 in a suitable place to breed for every mu to average size 420g/ by average size 580g/; On June 3rd, 2014 starts, and selects the female soft-shelled turtle in greenhouse 5000, and only, male turtles 5000, on average puts 560 in a suitable place to breed for every mu to average size 450g/ by average size 600g/; Be divided into two groups, one group of functional pharmaceutical chemistry admixing the lifting soft-shelled turtle quality of the embodiment of the present invention 1 in soft-shelled turtle feed is not admixed the present invention promote the functional pharmaceutical chemistry of soft-shelled turtle quality as a control group as experimental group, another group in soft-shelled turtle feed, other cultivating condition is identical, carries out the ecologic breeding of commodity soft-shelled turtle;
(2) throwing is raised: soft-shelled turtle entered pond after 2 days, start in experimental group, the ratio of the functional pharmaceutical chemistry promoting soft-shelled turtle quality 1:50 is in mass ratio incorporated in soft-shelled turtle feed by the present invention, and be fully uniformly mixed, making particle diameter is that the soft pellet diet of 0.5cm ~ 1.0cm is thrown something and fed soft-shelled turtle, every morning 10:00, afternoon, 17:00 respectively threw something and fed once, from throwing something and feeding, throw something and feed continuously to soft-shelled turtle the middle ten days and the last ten days in September does not ingest, along with water temperature rises gradually, daily ration, feeding quantity increases gradually, but day feeding volume need control soft-shelled turtle gross weight in breeding water body 3% ~ 5% between; Control group is thrown something and fed the identical soft-shelled turtle feed of equivalent; Described soft-shelled turtle feed is breeding soft-shell turtle field common feedstuffs, directly buys from market;
(3) water quality management: remove the residual bait (if there is) on food platform in time, avoid polluted water, used 40 × 10 every 20 days
-6the lime water sterilizing of concentration, regulates pH, or uses 0.5 × 10
-6the Betagen Solution full pool spilling head sterilization of concentration, and change water in good time, keep good breeding water body environment;
(4) disease prevention and cure: the principle of adhering to " putting prevention first, complex treatment ".The soft-shelled turtle put in a suitable place to breed need through high by 20 × 10
-6pond is entered after the liquor potassic permanganate dipping 10min of concentration;
Cultivation result is as follows:
Experimental group puts soft-shelled turtle 10500 for 3 years altogether in a suitable place to breed, and every year through the cultivation of about 120 days, on average every is increased weight 296.2 grams year, average survival 97.4%; Control group puts the soft-shelled turtle of same size, quantity in a suitable place to breed, and under the same conditions, on average every is increased weight 227.6 grams year, average survival 76.3%.
The sampling measurement statistics of experiment and Analytical Laboratory Results display:
1. to present body surface beautiful, physically fit for experimental group soft-shelled turtle outward appearance, Quick off the mark, and shirt rim is generous; Control group soft-shelled turtle outward appearance is slightly dark, and stand up action and be not quick enough, shirt rim is narrower, thin;
2. experimental group soft-shelled turtle autoimmunity improves, and average survival 97.4%, the average survival of control group is only 76.3%.In breeding process, the individual disease incident of experimental group soft-shelled turtle comparatively experimental group reduces 76.8%;
3. trophic analysis: experimental group male turtles shirt rim mean breadth 6.7cm, comparatively control group male turtles shirt rim increases by 37.5%, experimental group female soft-shelled turtle shirt rim mean breadth 4.2cm, increase by 30.5% compared with the female soft-shelled turtle shirt rim of control group, soft-shelled turtle shirt rim fresh weight on average increases by 32.6%;
4. after the soft-shelled turtle that experimental group cultivates a year is slaughtered, 6 hours are refrigerated under getting equivalent male and female soft-shelled turtle muscle 5 DEG C of environment Celsius, in measured value muscle, the kreatinin of flavor, guanylic acid, inosine and inosinicacid mean value reach 2.3217mg/g, 0.0165mg/g, 0.1835mg/g, 0.1670mg/g respectively, and comparatively control group soft-shelled turtle improves 51.7%, 25%, 12.3%, 31.3% respectively.
Can find out, the functional pharmaceutical chemistry that the present invention promotes soft-shelled turtle quality can significantly strengthen soft-shelled turtle physique, improves immunity, reduces the incidence of disease, improves survival rate; Soft-shelled turtle shirt rim can be made generous, and in muscle, delicious amino acid content significantly promotes.
Be to be understood that example as herein described and embodiment only in order to illustrate, those skilled in the art can make various amendment or change according to it, when not departing from Spirit Essence of the present invention, all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. one kind promotes the functional pharmaceutical chemistry of soft-shelled turtle quality, by weight, following raw material is comprised: sealwort 145-155, Radix Codonopsis 95-105, prepared rhizome of rehmannia 75-85, matrimony vine 65-75, the seed of Chinese dodder 48-52, honeysuckle 48-52, jamaicin 9-10.5, beta glucan 148-152, selenium-rich corn albumen powder 300-350 or selenium powder 0.8-1.2.
2. the preparation method promoting the functional pharmaceutical chemistry of soft-shelled turtle quality as claimed in claim 1, comprise the following steps: by sealwort, Radix Codonopsis, prepared rhizome of rehmannia, matrimony vine, the seed of Chinese dodder, honeysuckle mixing, be crushed to particle diameter≤10um, add jamaicin, beta glucan, selenium-rich corn albumen powder or selenium powder again, mix.
3. the feeding method promoting the functional pharmaceutical chemistry of soft-shelled turtle quality as claimed in claim 1, comprise the following steps: the ratio of the functional pharmaceutical chemistry of described lifting soft-shelled turtle quality 1:50 is in mass ratio incorporated in soft-shelled turtle feed, and be fully uniformly mixed, then make soft pellet diet and feed soft-shelled turtle, throw something and feed continuously to mid-September at the bottom of May, day feeding volume be 3% ~ 5% of soft-shelled turtle gross weight in breeding water body.
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| CN113234659A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-10 | 浙江万里学院 | Method for in vitro culture of pelodioblasts at embryo stage of Chinese softshell turtle and construction of damage model |
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| CN105360597B (en) | 2018-12-07 |
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