CN110419646A - A kind of preparation method and application of fish feed additive - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention particularly discloses a kind of preparation method and application of fish feed additive.The preparation method of the feed addictive is the astragalus polyose by weight ratio: glycine betaine: compound Chinese medicine extract: mango leaf yeast powder=0.25-0.5:0.5-1.0:2:10 ratio mixes, it is pelletized with 12 meshes, 16 meshes are crossed after drying to be made, wherein compound Chinese medicine extract is to be boiled to extract through boiling three times by garlic 100-200g, dried orange peel 100-200g, folium artemisiae argyi 100-200g, Radix Glycyrrhizae 80-120g, seaweed 80-120g, Cortex Eucommiae 100-200g, pine needle 100-200g, and being condensed into relative density is 3.25 obtained.Products of the present invention can make an addition to compound feed used for fish, the application in additive premix.

Description

A kind of preparation method and application of fish feed additive

Technical field

The invention belongs to plant feed additive technical fields, and in particular to a kind of preparation method of fish feed additive And application.

Background technique

Aquaculture of aquatic animal occupies critically important status in China's economic development, is conducive to people since the aquatic products such as fish are rich in A variety of nutriments of body health, fish and livestock meat phase of an eclipse ratio are more suitable for people and eat and be conducive to human health, thus in recent years The consumption figure of its aquatic products constantly rises year by year, this also significantly promotes flourishing for fishery.But in fishery cultivating often Because of being widely used for disease prevention and cure, somatotrophic chemicals and antibiotic, not only water-supply source is polluted, and to fish, The aquatic products such as shrimp cause medicament residue, directly affect the health of people, this has caused the relevant departments such as domestic aquatic products Pay attention to.Chinese herbal feed additive have many advantages, such as it is natural, economical, efficiently, noresidue, without drug resistance and Small side effects, and it is simultaneous There is the drawbacks of double action of medical and trophism, no chemicals and antibiotic, has been widely used in aquatic products in recent years In animal-breeding, to prevent disease, growth promotion and improve aquatic product quality.A kind of preparation of fish feed additive of the present invention It is collection antibacterial anti-inflammatory, disease, enhancing immune function, food calling appetizing, nutritional supplementation, promotion is prevented to be grown on integrated Chinese herbal medicine system Agent is a kind of conducive to aquatic products production and noresidue, pollution-free, Small side effects, natural Chinese traditional medicines preparation, to push aquaculture The sound development of industry.

Summary of the invention

A kind of preparation method of fish feed additive, it is characterized in that by the astragalus polyose of following weight ratio: glycine betaine: multiple Square Chinese medical extract: mango leaf yeast powder=0.25-0.5:0.5-1.0:2:10 ratio mixes, and is pelletized with 12 meshes, after drying 16 meshes are crossed to be made；Wherein compound Chinese medicine extract is by garlic 100-200g, dried orange peel 100-200g, folium artemisiae argyi 100-200g, sweet Careless 80-120g, seaweed 80-120g, Cortex Eucommiae 100-200g, pine needle 100-200g are prepared as follows process and are made: selecting high-quality The garlic of clean formula ratio, dried orange peel, folium artemisiae argyi, Radix Glycyrrhizae, seaweed, Cortex Eucommiae, pine needle are simultaneously cleaned, and are dried, are ground into 40 mesh powder, will Powder be separately added into 10 times of medicinal material weight, 5 times, 3 times of amount boilings boiling extract three times, boil and mention after soaking in water for the first time 8 hours It takes 3.5 hours, boils extraction 2.5 hours for the second time, boil extraction 1.5 hours for the third time, merge extracting solution three times, filtration obtains Filtrate, then by filtrate be condensed into relative density be 3.25(25 DEG C) medicinal extract to obtain the final product；The mango leaf yeast powder is by following Method preparation: selecting high-quality clean mango leaf, dry, pulverize as 80 mesh powder, is by weight that 1:1 adds water and fills by powder Divide and mix thoroughly, after allowing it to infiltrate 2-3 hours, the saccharomycete of weight in wet base 10% after infiltration is added, is sufficiently mixed uniformly, is placed in fermentation vat, It is -0.025-- in vacuum degree using vacuum desiccator under the conditions of temperature is 30 DEG C -32 DEG C after fermentation 72 hours It is 5-6%w/w that 0.035MPa, temperature, which are dried under the conditions of being 30 DEG C -32 DEG C to water content, pulverizes, is sieved to obtain the final product.

Mango leaf of the present invention is dry, using heated-air drying or far-infrared ray drying；Drying condition is 130 DEG C -150 DEG C, the purpose of drying kills the harmful substances such as microorganism or helminth first is that can achieve, and can in addition make its mango leaf scorch matter Change, brittleness increase, make to be destroyed its crude fibre in crushing process, makes smashed mango leaf is fluffy to be conducive to fermentation.

Saccharomycete (saccharomyces) of the present invention is fodder yeast (Candida Tropicali), beer ferment Mother (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), candida utili (Candida utilis), candida tropicalis Any one in (Candida tropicalis) and brewer's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).

Above-mentioned saccharomycete can choose using all viable bacterias as food additives or feed addictive commercially available Concentration is no less than 250 every gram hundred million thalli dry powder products.

Above-mentioned saccharomycete can also be prepared using existing method, can select the liquid accordingly optimized according to the property of strain Cultivation and fermentation equipment individually cultivates fodder yeast, brewer's yeast, candida utili, candida tropicalis and brewing ferment Then mother is separated the thallus in fermentation liquid with supercentrifuge, with cold wind or freeze-drying mode that bacterium mud is dry, point Do not obtain the feed yeast powder that viable bacteria content is 250 hundred million/grams, the brewer's yeast dry powder that viable bacteria content is 250 hundred million/grams, Candida utili dry powder that viable bacteria content is 250 hundred million/grams, the candida tropicalis dry powder that viable bacteria content is 250 hundred million/grams The brewer's yeast dry powder for being 250 hundred million/grams with viable bacteria content.

Astragalus polyose is well known animal body immune function to can be improved in prescription of the present invention；Astragalus polyose adds in feed Add 0.04-0.074%, growth promotion and raising immunity (aquatic biological journal) for fish.Glycine betaine is to animal especially water Lively object has very strong food calling and growth promoting function；0.5-1.5% is added in feed, includes the treasure such as salmon, trout, eel for fish Your fish and shell-fish food calling, growth promotion (development of resources and utilization).Garlic qi-regulating appetizing in side, removing toxic substances, stop dysentery, " in feed 1% garlic of middle addition is used for fish prophyiaxis and promoting growth (feed research)." dried orange peel help digestion qi-regulating, promote digestion." dried orange peel crushes, and adds Add in fish meal for fish diseases prevention (Yunnan Prov Agriculture University's journal)." folium artemisiae argyi middle benefit gas, dispelling cold and removing dampness." folium artemisiae argyi crushes, in feed Middle addition 0.5-1%, for fish diseases prevention weight gain (Jinhua Vocational and Technical College journal)." Radix Glycyrrhizae invigorates the spleen and benefits qi, it is clearing heat and detoxicating. " Radix Glycyrrhizae crushes and is added into feed, and is used for fish diseases prevention (Foshan science and technology institute journal)." the clear phlegm of seaweed heat-clearing, softening hard masses dissipate Knot.Seaweed carbohydrate containing 35%-60%, protein 6%-8%, also containing the incomparable iodine of terrestrial plant, potassium, calcium, magnesium, The mineral elements such as manganese, iron, zinc, vitamin abundant and phycocolloid acid, mannitol etc.." seaweed crushes, and makes an addition to feed, can be used for Shrimps growth promotion (aquaculture)." Cortex Eucommiae nourishing liver and kidney, strengthening the bones and muscles." Cortex Eucommiae 6%-10% containing gutta-percha, root skin contain 10%-12%；Contain Wooden body substance；Dextrorotation Pinoresinol diglucoside, rosin spirit glucoside, ring olivil, dextrorotation olivil, the right side Revolve syringaresinol glucoside, erythro form dihydroxy dehydrogenation coniferyl alcohol etc.；Containing go hydroxyl jasminoidin, go hydroxyl jasminoidin acid, ulmoprenol, Aucubin, chlorogenic acid, dulcitol, caffeic acid, tartaric acid, betulic acid, vanillic acid etc.；Also containing lysine, tryptophan etc. 17 kinds of amino acid, antibacterial protein, eucommia bark polycose A, B etc..With calmness, analgesia, anti-inflammatory, diuresis, hemostasis, antibacterial, antiviral etc. Effect；The effects of there are also decompression, expansion blood vessel, serum cholesterol-lowering, the cholagogue, excited maincenters (exploitation of Chinese herbal feed additive With application)." " 2%-4% is added in Cortex Eucommiae crushing in feed, for improving flesh of fish flavor (feed review) ".It is pine needle evacuate pathogenic wind, dry It is wet, desinsection." pine needle gets glucoside, the dextrorotation of dextrorotation rosin spirit containing volatile oil, flavonoids, resin, vitamin etc. in leaf 17 kinds of the glucoside and frangulin glucosides of different larch turpentine phenol, the glucoside of the left-handed different larch turpentine phenol that breaks and xyloside etc. Saponin(e and amino acid.And contain vitamin E (being not less than 800mg/kg), carrotene (being not less than 150mg/kg), plant hormone With the various trace elements such as bioactive substances and selenium, copper, manganese, iron, zinc, cobalt, molybdenum such as phytocide.Pine needle extracts Object has very strong inhibiting effect (Chinese medicine to streptococcus pneumonia, alpha streptococcus, micrococcus catarrhalis and staphylococcus aureus in vitro The exploitation and application of feed addictive)." " pine needle crushes, and 4% is added in feed, and for fish growth promotion, (aquatic products is supported Grow) ".The feed addictive of composition preparation of the present invention can be conducive to food calling, improve immunity, prophyiaxis and promoting growth.This hair It is bright that the guarantee of green cultivation gradually is provided to aquaculture in the additive of pure natural and natural plant composition composition.

Mango leaf yeast powder of the present invention, be by mango leaf through drying, be ground into 80 mesh powder, through saccharomycetes to make fermentation system .

Mango leaf is sweet in flavor, cool in nature.Have beneficial stomach preventing or arresting vomiting, antipyretic diuresis effect (civil animal doctor's book on Chinese herbal medicine).Mango leaf crushes, and is used for Fish include that Tilapia mossambica, sea eel and soft-shelled turtle improve oxidation resistance and immunity, promote growth (agricultural sciences report).

Biochemical reaction process of the mango leaf through saccharomycetes to make fermentation not only can effectively make the wooden object softening of mango leaf, decompose, So that the organic substances such as enzyme, sugar and polysaccharide, organic acid is got a promotion, while mouthfeel and palatability can be effectively improved, is conducive to aquatic The feeding and digestibility and utilization of animal.

Present invention process is that the mango leaf after fermenting crushes, and using low-temperature vacuum drying, can effectively be saved a large amount of Active yeast.Saccharomycete (saccharomyce) is a kind of unicellular microorganism, and yeast cell wall main component is glucan, The multiple nutritional components such as intracellular protein rich in, nucleic acid, vitamin, carbohydrate, lipid material, minerals. The main nutrient composition of its dry yeast are as follows: protein 40-50%, fat 1.5%, ash content 7%, crude fibre 1.5%, carbon aquation Close object 30-35%, moisture 5-7%.In addition, saccharomycete is also rich in B family vitamin, such as vitamin B₁、B₂、B₆、B₁₂, Yi Jimai The physiological activators such as sterol, niacin, folic acid, pantothenic acid, inositol, wherein the content of wheat sterol and selenium is compared with horn of plenty.Except yeast egg Other than white matter, yeast metallothionein (MT) is also a kind of low molecular weight, rich in cysteine, the gold that can be generated by metal inducement Belong to binding protein.It is primarily involved in the storage, transport and metabolism of microelement, is ionized with removing hydroxyl radical free radical, antagonism and non- The different physiological roles such as ionising radiation and heavy metal detoxification.

Yeast Glutathione peptide content is up to 1%, and the content of material is up to 8% in homoglutathion yeast.Glutathione ginseng Contain Fe with intracorporal redox reaction, activation SH enzyme and raising²⁺The effects of enzymatic activity is a kind of important biochemical drug.Paddy The sweet peptide of Guang can shorten dough kneading time and resting period；As antioxidant, the holding time of fried food can be extended, extracted Object is more preferable than glutathione effect is used alone；As feed addictive, animal's liver function is protected, improves fish growth.

B family vitamin content is up to 2% in yeast, and B family vitamin is also important biochemical drug, has a variety of important Biological function, such as glycometabolism, amino acid metabolism, transmethylation etc..

Also containing the ergosterol of higher level in yeast, ergosterol is the precursor substance of vitamin D, in ultraviolet lighting It penetrates down and is converted to vitamin D.

Yeast cell wall polyoses content reaches 30%-35%, and there is growth promotion, antiviral, enhancing to be immunized, adjust the micro- life of enteron aisle State environment, the effect for promoting Development of Immune Organs.Mango leaf yeast powder after fermented, product rich in saccharomycete, carbohydrase, Pectase, cellulase.Product of the present invention can be used as fish feed additive addition 0.1-0.2% in fish perfect compound feed Middle application；Fish can also be made an addition to be applied in additive premix, such as fish additive vitamin premixed feed, added Add agent trace element premixing feed and additive compound premixed feed.Premixed feed is made an addition to, it can be according to different percentages The product of ratio considers addition, and 0.1-0.2% can be such as added by fish feed additive in 1% fish additive premix Using；It can be applied in 2% fish in additive premix by fish feed additive 0.05-0.1%；It can also be used by fish Feed addictive 0.025-0.05% is applied in 4% fish in additive premix.

The beneficial effect of the method for the present invention

The method of the present invention will have adjusting and improve immunity, attractant effect and antibacterial diseases prevention and somatotrophic drug and have The combination of benefit can be well solved fish disease resistance, improve the resistance of body in natural environment, improve feeding amount, promote Growth, the development for promoting fish production have good effect.In the method for the present invention, Chinese traditional medicine composition ingredient is effectively mentioned It takes, its wood fibre can be removed to the greatest extent to the greatest extent and is difficult to the wood substance component digested and assimilated, improve the availability to Chinese medicine.This hair High temperature dry processes are used to mango leaf in bright method, enable crude fibre in its leaf sufficiently crisp matter, are conducive to crush and swollen Pine, is conducive to saccharomycetes to make fermentation, and the process of fermentation has not only softened mango leaf lignifying ingredient, passed through the biochemistry of fermentation process Reaction, improves nutritive value, expands the quantity of yeast microorganism bacterium, form more metabolites, while improving awns The mouthfeel and palatability of fruit leaf are effectively protected conducive to the feeding of aquatic animal since terminal takes low temperature drying to fermentation materials Stayed a large amount of saccharomycete, this to improve saccharomycete be rich in protein, nucleic acid, vitamin, carbohydrate, lipid material, The multiple nutritional components such as minerals, particularly B family vitamin are more of practical meaning.

Heretofore described astragalus polyose, glycine betaine be it is commercially available, meet medicinal, edible or for animals commercially available Commodity.

Specific embodiment

Embodiment 1

The preparation of fish feed additive

Astragalus polyose 500g, glycine betaine 1000g, compound Chinese medicine extract 2000g and mango leaf yeast powder 10000g mixing are weighed, And stir, it is pelletized with 12 meshes, crosses 16 meshes after drying to obtain the final product；

Wherein compound Chinese medicine extract is prepared by following methods: selecting high-quality garlic 100g, dried orange peel 100g, folium artemisiae argyi 100g, Radix Glycyrrhizae 80g, seaweed 80g, Cortex Eucommiae 100g, pine needle 100g are simultaneously cleaned, and drying is ground into 40 mesh powder；It is pure that 6.6kg is added in powder After water impregnates 8 hours, extraction 3.5 hours, leaching leach cooking liquid are boiled in heating, and filter residue is added the heating of 3.3kg pure water and boils extraction 2.5 hours, leaching leach cooking liquid, filter residue added the heating of 1.98kg pure water and boils extraction 1.5 hours, and leaching leach cooking liquid discards Filter residue merges extracting solution three times, and filtering obtains filtrate, and it is 3.25(25 DEG C that filtrate, which is then concentrated to relative density) medicinal extract i.e. ；

Wherein mango leaf yeast powder is prepared by following methods: being selected high-quality clean mango leaf, is placed in hot air drier, in temperature Degree is at 130 DEG C after heated-air drying, and taking-up is let cool, and weighs 10kg, is crushed as 80 mesh powder；10kg pure water is added simultaneously in powder It mixes well, after allowing it to infiltrate 2 hours, 2kg feed yeast powder is added, is sufficiently mixed uniformly, is placed in fermentation vat, is in temperature After fermenting 72 hours under the conditions of 30 DEG C, using vacuum desiccator, done under the conditions of vacuum degree is -0.035MPa, temperature is 32 DEG C It is dry to water content be 5%, pulverized, be sieved to obtain the final product.

Embodiment 2

The preparation of fish feed additive

Astragalus polyose 250g, glycine betaine 500g, compound Chinese medicine extract 2000g and mango leaf yeast powder 10000g mixing are weighed, And stir, it is pelletized with 12 meshes, crosses 16 meshes after drying to obtain the final product；

Wherein compound Chinese medicine extract is prepared by following methods: selecting high-quality garlic 200g, dried orange peel 200g, folium artemisiae argyi 200g, Radix Glycyrrhizae 120g, seaweed 120g, Cortex Eucommiae 200g, pine needle 200g are simultaneously cleaned, and drying is ground into 40 mesh powder；12.4kg is added in powder After pure water impregnates 8 hours, extraction 3.5 hours, leaching leach cooking liquid are boiled in heating, and filter residue is added the heating of 6.2kg pure water and boils It extracting 2.5 hours, leaching leach cooking liquid, filter residue, which adds 3.72kg pure water and heats, boils extraction 1.5 hours, leaching leach cooking liquid, Discard filter residue, merge extracting solution three times, filtering obtains filtrate, and it is 3.25(25 DEG C that filtrate, which is then concentrated to relative density) leaching Cream to obtain the final product；

Wherein mango leaf yeast powder is prepared by following methods: being selected high-quality clean mango leaf, is placed in hot air drier, in temperature Degree is at 150 DEG C after heated-air drying, and taking-up is let cool, and weighs 10kg, is crushed as 80 mesh powder；10kg pure water is added simultaneously in powder It mixes well, after allowing it to infiltrate 2 hours, 2kg beer yeast powder is added, is sufficiently mixed uniformly, is placed in fermentation vat, is in temperature It is dry under the conditions of vacuum degree is -0.03MPa, temperature is 30 DEG C using vacuum desiccator after fermenting 72 hours under the conditions of 30 DEG C Be 5.5%w/w to water content, pulverized, be sieved to obtain the final product.

Embodiment 3

The preparation of fish feed additive

Astragalus polyose 375g, glycine betaine 750g, compound Chinese medicine extract 2000g and mango leaf yeast powder 10000g mixing are weighed, And stir, it is pelletized with 12 meshes, crosses 16 meshes after drying to obtain the final product；

Wherein compound Chinese medicine extract is prepared by following methods: selecting high-quality garlic 150g, dried orange peel 150g, folium artemisiae argyi 150g, Radix Glycyrrhizae 100g, seaweed 100g, Cortex Eucommiae 150g, pine needle 150g are simultaneously cleaned, and drying is ground into 40 mesh powder；It is pure that 9.5kg is added in powder After water purification is impregnated 8 hours, extraction 3.5 hours is boiled in heating, and leaching leach cooking liquid, filter residue addition 4.75kg pure water heating, which is boiled, to be mentioned It takes 2.5 hours, leaching leach cooking liquid, filter residue adds the heating of 2.85kg pure water and boils extraction 1.5 hours, and leaching leach cooking liquid is abandoned Remove filter residue, merge extracting solution three times, filtering obtains filtrate, and it is 3.25(25 DEG C that filtrate, which is then concentrated to relative density) medicinal extract To obtain the final product；

Wherein mango leaf yeast powder is prepared by following methods: high-quality clean mango leaf is selected, is placed in far infrared drying oven, In Temperature is at 140 DEG C after heated-air drying, and taking-up is let cool, and weighs 10kg, is crushed as 80 mesh powder；10kg pure water is added in powder And mix well, after allowing it to infiltrate 2 hours, 2kg candida utili powder is added, is sufficiently mixed uniformly, is placed in fermentation vat, In After temperature is fermented 72 hours under the conditions of being 31 DEG C, using vacuum desiccator, vacuum degree is -0.025MPa, temperature is 31 DEG C of items Being dried under part to water content is 6%w/w, is pulverized, is sieved to obtain the final product.

To in the statement of compound Chinese medicine extract, the medicinal extract obtained after extracting concentration refers to as extract the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of preparation method of fish feed additive, it is characterized in that by the astragalus polyose of following weight ratio: glycine betaine: compound Chinese medical extract: mango leaf yeast powder=0.25-0.5:0.5-1.0:2:10 ratio mixes, and is pelletized with 12 meshes, mistake after drying 16 meshes are made；

Wherein compound Chinese medicine extract be by garlic 100-200g, dried orange peel 100-200g, folium artemisiae argyi 100-200g, Radix Glycyrrhizae 80-120g, Seaweed 80-120g, Cortex Eucommiae 100-200g, pine needle 100-200g are prepared as follows process and are made: selecting high-quality clean formula ratio Garlic, dried orange peel, folium artemisiae argyi, Radix Glycyrrhizae, seaweed, Cortex Eucommiae, pine needle and clean, dry, be ground into 40 mesh powder, powder is added respectively Enter 10 times of medicinal material weight, 5 times, 3 times of amount boilings boiling extract three times, extraction 3.5 hours is boiled after soaking in water for the first time 8 hours, Extraction 2.5 hours is boiled for the second time, boils extraction 1.5 hours for the third time, merges extracting solution three times, and filtration obtains filtrate, then will The medicinal extract that relative density is 3.25 when filtrate is concentrated into 25 DEG C to obtain the final product；

The mango leaf yeast powder is prepared by following methods: being selected high-quality clean mango leaf, be dry, pulverize as 80 mesh powder Powder is that 1:1 adds water and mixes well by end by weight, and after allowing it to infiltrate 2-3 hours, the ferment of weight in wet base 10% after infiltration is added Female bacterium is sufficiently mixed uniformly, is placed in fermentation vat, dry using vacuum under the conditions of temperature is 30 DEG C -32 DEG C after fermentation 72 hours Dry device, drying under the conditions of vacuum degree is -0.025--0.035MPa, temperature is 30 DEG C -32 DEG C to water content is 5-6%w/w, It pulverizes, is sieved to obtain the final product.

2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the drying uses heated-air drying or far-infrared ray drying； The drying temperature condition is 130 DEG C -150 DEG C.

3. the method according to claim 1, wherein the saccharomycete (saccharomyces) is feed ferment Mother (Candida Tropicali), brewer's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), candida utili (Candida Utilis), candida tropicalis (Candida tropicalis) and brewer's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) In any one.

4. the method according to claim 1, wherein the saccharomycete using it is commercially available be used as food additives or The viable bacteria concentration of feed addictive is no less than 250 every gram hundred million thalli dry powder products.

5. a kind of purposes of fish feed additive according to claim 1, which is characterized in that as making an addition to fish full price Application in mixed feed.

6. a kind of purposes of fish feed additive according to claim 1, which is characterized in that added as fish is made an addition to Application in agent premixed feed or additive compound premixed feed.