CN105340663A - Method for planting plukenetia volubilis in Guizhou - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for planting plukenetia volubilis in Guizhou. By employing the method, tropical oil plants originating in the Amazon basin are successfully introduced in Guizhou, the seedling rate of seeds can reach more than 90%, seedlings bloom in the first stage and fruit experimentally in the planting year, the yield of the plukenetia volubilis can reach 78 kg/mu in the second year, the third year can achieve a high yield, and the plukenetia volubilis can be continuously harvested for more than 30 years, so that high-level oil plant resources in Guizhou are enriched.

Description

Astral oil rattan is at the implantation methods of Guizhou province

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of agricultural crops field of planting, the implantation methods of especially a kind of astral oil rattan in Guizhou province.

Background technology

Astral oil rattan is the wild woody climber oil plants of one of original South America tropical rain forest, it is a kind of novel high-grade health-care oil tannin plant, in Indstitute in Subtropical Region of Guizhou cultivation that crop investigations is planted experimentally from introducing Guizhou, In Xishuangbanna of Yunnan botanical garden first in 2011, its culture technique still belonged to blank.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is: provide the implantation methods of a kind of astral oil rattan in Guizhou province, the present invention makes the tropical oil tannin plant of original Amazon be able in Guizhou successful introduction, has enriched the high-grade oil plants resource in Guizhou.

The present invention is achieved in that the implantation methods of astral oil rattan in Guizhou province, comprises the steps:

1) nursery: adoptthe nursery of seed nutritional bag;

2) soil is selected:select the soil of dark more than the 1m of soil layer, pH value 6.5 ~ 7;

3) wholely:dig a pit, hole, etc. with line-spacing 3m, spacing in the rows 2m fixed point, face width 70 ~ 80cm, hole bottom width 60 ~ 70cm, cheats dark 50 ~ 60cm; Often farmyard manure 5 ~ 8kg or Chinese wood oil residule 1 ~ 2kg base fertilizer are executed in hole, after by 10 ~ 20cm in topsoil backfill hole, then earthing exceeds pitted surface about 10cm.

4) seedling definite value: annual 4-5 month field planting; Field planting hole is first dug the alveole of dark 18-25cm diameter 20-30cm, is put in by ball-plant in the alveole dug, seedling basal part of stem is higher than native plane 3 ~ 5cm, and treaded by bag soil periphery after earthing, every nest drenches normal root water 8-12kg; In 20 days after field planting, till fine day every 4 ~ 5 days trickles 1 time survive take out the tip until seedling;

5) built:plant 1 column with the every 3 ~ 4m of timber of diameter 6 ~ 8cm, long 230 ~ 250cm, divide 3 floor to be connected by column by No. 10 or No. 12 iron wires, then become hedge posture with the bamboo pole of 2 ~ 3cm along iron wire racking seizing between column;

6) field management:seeding planting, after 20 days, draws climing added; Within 28-32 days, carry seedling 1 time with urea, urea 20 ~ 30g is executed in every strain, and execute multi-component composite fertilizer 7 ~ August 1 time, 100 ~ 200g is executed in strain; Execute farmyard manure 11 ~ December 1 time, Chinese wood oil residule 1 ~ 2kg and composite fertilizer 200g is executed in strain, or barnyard manure 5 ~ 6kg and composite fertilizer 200g;

7) branch-finishing and pruning:the field planting of astral oil rattan, after 60 days, cuts off water sprout, covers branch, sick branch and deadwood;

8) sick worm prevention and control: adopt at the initial stage of a disease and dislike mould spirit, Hymexazol-matulaxyl, tpn, mancozeb, Bodhisattva enemy gram, line Emulphors oil or dichlorvos, by the mixing of standard usage amount or intersect separately and carry out prevention and control, plant must be pulled out and burnt and carry out soil disinfection with quicklime by serious plot;

9) protection against cold and freezing conditions:at mid or late December straw and plastic foil covers, wrapping carries out protection against cold and freezing conditions apart from basis, the middle and lower part branch of ground 0.9-1.3 rice;

10) gather:picking time is February September to next year, when fruit growth is full and progressively transfer bottle green to from light green and become pitchy again and can gather; Within every 10 ~ 20 days, regularly gather 1 time to ripening fruits, the fruit after results dries rear shelling in time.

Advantage of the present invention makes the tropical oil tannin plant of original Amazon be able in Guizhou successful introduction, seed seedling-raising planting percent reaches more than 90%, and plantation is when flower examination at beginning of the year fruit, and the output of Second Year can reach 78kg/ mu, 3rd year or reach high yield period, can gather continuously more than 30 years.Enrich the high-grade oil plants resource in Guizhou.

Embodiment,

Embodiments of the invention: astral oil rattan, at the implantation methods of Guizhou province, in December ,-2014 in March, 2011, carries out field experiment in Ba Cao village of good farmland township of Zhenning Guizhou county.

1) nursery: 2011in March in year, select the astral oil rattan seed of full seed, after first using 40 ~ 55 DEG C of water seed soaking 24h, put into the good husky bed vernalization of permeability, after 15 days, seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, take out seed in the nutritious bag installed in advance, put up shade net with shed dawn, every one day trickle once; Field-transplanting is carried out when height of seedling 15-20cm in May;

2) soil is selected:astral oil rattan is the evergreen oil plants of the perennial woody climber of typical south subtropics, year samming more than 19.5 DEG C, annual accumution more than 6500 DEG C, more than annual rainfall 1200mm, all the year round frostless area should be selected, dark more than the 1m of soil layer, P in soil H value 6.5 ~ 7, the gentle slope of the gradient below 20 °, tableland, to plant dam; This example selects in town Ba Cao village of peaceful good farmland township, height above sea level 420 meters, ground, gentle slope, husky shale yellow earth, the dark 1m of soil layer, P in soil H value 6.7, year samming 19.6 DEG C, year the absolute minimum air temperature 2.5 DEG C, the year active accumulated temperature more than 6500 DEG C of>=10 DEG C, annual rainfall 1250mm, sunshine in year 2575h;

3) dig a pit, hole, etc. wholely:need to remove the residual branch of front stubble before digging a pit, hole, etc. and lose leaf, stone etc., with good conditionsily also can plough 1 time comprehensively, then dig a pit, hole, etc. by line-spacing 3m, spacing in the rows 2m stay cord line fixed point;

Dig a pit, hole, etc.: beat nest position by what fix a point to determine, availablely manually to dig a pit, hole, etc., also available mechanical is dug a pit, hole, etc., and requires the wide 70 ~ 80cm of pitted surface, and hole bottom width 60 ~ 70cm, cheats dark 50 ~ 60cm;

Backfill soil with apply fertilizer to the subsoil: dig after cheating, first by 10 ~ 20cm in topsoil backfill hole, and then limit is gone back to native 10cm limit and is executed farmyard manure 1kg base fertilizer, make backfill soil and fertilizer fully mix thoroughly as far as possible, until after equal with pitted surface, earthing exceeds pitted surface 8-15cm again, and base fertilizer is with fertilizer, and often farmyard manure 5 ~ 8kg or Chinese wood oil residule 1 ~ 2kg is executed in hole.

4) seedling definite value: field planting on May 4 in 2011; Applying fertilizer to the subsoil and covering on the field planting nest of soil, stretching line first first digs dark 18-25cm on field planting hole by row, the alveole of diameter 20-30cm, point size sets the seedling needing field planting by nest, as far as possible seedlings and seedlings, seedling and seedling cluster layout, first cut off with scissors during field planting and remove seedling nutritious bag, be put in by ball-plant in the alveole dug gently, seedling basal part of stem is higher than native plane 3 ~ 5cm, treaded by bag soil periphery after earthing, every nest drenches normal root water 8-12kg; In 20 days after field planting, fine day every 4 ~ 5 days trickles 1 time, soil moisture content is made to remain on about 15%, till seedling survives and takes out the tip;

5) built:plant 1 column with the every 3 ~ 4m of timber of diameter 6 ~ 8cm, long 230 ~ 250cm, divide 3 floor to be connected by column by No. 10 or No. 12 iron wires, then become hedge posture with the bamboo pole of 2 ~ 3cm along iron wire racking seizing between column;

6) field management:every 3 ~ 4 days trickles 1 time after field planting in spring, until field planting was determined to survive after 20 days; Look into seedling to fill the gaps with seedlings: before 20 days after field planting, answer running check seedling to survive situation, find that dead strain should be filled by timely preliminary seedling, guarantee that seedling full stand is neat; Seeding planting is after 20 days, and plant shoot growth is very fast and progressively produces branch, guides on support in time by a tendril point orientation, avoids tendril to be mutually wound around on the ground and between weeds or tendril; Within 28-32 days, carry seedling 1 time with urea, select rainy day strain to execute urea 20 ~ 30g, fertilizer must reach more than 20cm apart from plant, avoids burning root and burns seedling; In conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, execute multi-component composite fertilizer 7 ~ August 1 time, 100 ~ 200g is executed in strain, and method is the same; Execute farmyard manure 11 ~ December 1 time, Chinese wood oil residule 1 ~ 2kg and composite fertilizer 200g is executed in strain, or barnyard manure 5 ~ 6kg and composite fertilizer 200g;

7) branch-finishing and pruning:astral oil rattan field planting 60 days is very fast with posterior division, especially after fruit picking rear section branch damage nature is withered, to yield positive results from middle and lower part pumping shoot again very soon.Will cut off water sprout in time, cover branch, sick branch and deadwood, the shoot cut can cook feed stripped;

8) sick worm prevention and control: astral oil rattan mainly contains root rot, root knot nematode disease, base rot disease, locust and some butterfly moth class polyphagous pest-insects and causes harm in process of growth, and a situation arises will to check monitoring plant diseases and insect pests in time, avoids field ponding and weedy.Their early stage in time with the mould spirit of evil, Hymexazol-matulaxyl, tpn, mancozeb, Bodhisattva enemy gram, line Emulphors oil, dichlorvos etc. by the mixing of standard usage amount or separately intersection carry out prevention and control, plant must be pulled out and burnt and carry out soil disinfection with quicklime by serious plot;

9) protection against cold and freezing conditions:the not low temperature resistant frost of astral oil rattan, in Guizhou winter, general temperature reaches less than 10 DEG C just growth arrest, and namely temperature damaged to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature and affect below 5 DEG C, and low temperature continues to exceed 3 ~ 5 days, and partial blade and edible tender branch are just withered gradually in water soaking mode to come off or rot; Occasionally there is of short duration low temperature frost area, can at mid or late December straw and plastic foil covers, protection against cold and freezing conditions is carried out in wrapping according to concrete condition, emphasis will protect basis, the middle and lower part branch apart from ground 0.8-1.5 rice, so that temperature was again taken out after getting warm again after a cold spell and sent out a shoot coming year;

10) gather:astral oil rattan yields positive results successively with tendril branch growth, and maturation is gathered successively.Concentrated picking time is February September to next year, generally needs 100 ~ 120 days from result to fruit physical maturity.When fruit growth is full and progressively transfer bottle green to from light green and become pitchy again and namely reach ripe gathering, after part fruit maturation, natural cracking comes off, and within every 10 ~ 20 days, regularly gather 1 time to ripening fruits, the fruit after results dries rear shelling in time.

Claims (1)

1. astral oil rattan is at an implantation methods for Guizhou province, it is characterized in that: comprise the steps:

1) nursery: adoptthe nursery of seed nutritional bag;

2) soil is selected:select the soil of dark more than the 1m of soil layer, pH value 6.5 ~ 7;

3) wholely:dig a pit, hole, etc. with line-spacing 3m, spacing in the rows 2m fixed point, face width 70 ~ 80cm, hole bottom width 60 ~ 70cm, cheats dark 50 ~ 60cm; Often farmyard manure 5 ~ 8kg or Chinese wood oil residule 1 ~ 2kg base fertilizer are executed in hole, after by 10 ~ 20cm in topsoil backfill hole, then earthing exceeds pitted surface about 10cm;

4) seedling definite value: annual 4-5 month field planting; Dark 18-25cm is first dug, the alveole of diameter 20-30cm in field planting hole, is put in by ball-plant in the alveole dug, seedling basal part of stem is higher than native plane 3 ~ 5cm, and treaded by bag soil periphery after earthing, every nest drenches normal root water 8-12kg; In 20 days after field planting, fine day every 4 ~ 5 days trickles 1 time, till seedling survives and takes out the tip;

5) built:plant 1 column with the every 3 ~ 4m of timber of diameter 6 ~ 8cm, long 230 ~ 250cm, divide 3 floor to be connected by column by No. 10 or No. 12 iron wires, then become hedge posture with the bamboo pole of 2 ~ 3cm along iron wire racking seizing between column;

6) field management:seeding planting, after 20 days, draws climing added; Within 28-32 days, carry seedling 1 time with urea, urea 20 ~ 30g is executed in every strain, and execute multi-component composite fertilizer 7 ~ August 1 time, 100 ~ 200g is executed in strain; Execute farmyard manure 11 ~ December 1 time, Chinese wood oil residule 1 ~ 2kg and composite fertilizer 200g is executed in strain, or barnyard manure 5 ~ 6kg and composite fertilizer 200g;

7) branch-finishing and pruning:the field planting of astral oil rattan, after 60 days, cuts off water sprout, covers branch, sick branch and deadwood;

8) sick worm prevention and control: adopt at the initial stage of a disease and dislike mould spirit, Hymexazol-matulaxyl, tpn, mancozeb, Bodhisattva enemy gram, line Emulphors oil or dichlorvos, by the mixing of standard usage amount or intersect separately and carry out prevention and control, plant must be pulled out and burnt and carry out soil disinfection with quicklime by serious plot;

9) protection against cold and freezing conditions:at mid or late December straw and plastic foil covers, wrapping carries out protection against cold and freezing conditions apart from basis, the middle and lower part branch of ground 0.9-1.3 rice;

10) gather:picking time is February September to next year, when fruit growth is full and progressively transfer bottle green to from light green and become pitchy again and can gather; Within every 10 ~ 20 days, regularly gather 1 time to ripening fruits, the fruit after results dries rear shelling in time.