CN105316598A - 不锈钢合金、由所述不锈钢合金制成的涡轮增压器涡轮壳体及其制造方法 - Google Patents
不锈钢合金、由所述不锈钢合金制成的涡轮增压器涡轮壳体及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 229910001256 stainless steel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 32
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003271 Ni-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CADICXFYUNYKGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenemanganese Chemical compound [Mn]=S CADICXFYUNYKGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了“不锈钢合金、由所述不锈钢合金制成的涡轮增压器涡轮壳体及其制造方法”。本发明公开了一种奥氏体不锈钢合金,其按重量计包含,约22%至约28%的铬,约3.5%至约6.5%的镍,约1%至约6%的锰,约0.5%至约2.5%的硅,约0.3%至约0.6%的碳,约0.2%至约0.8%的铌,约0.2%至约0.8%的氮,和余量的铁。不包含钼和钨。该合金适用于在高达约980℃的温度下的涡轮增压器涡轮壳体应用。
Description
技术领域
本公开总体上涉及不锈钢合金。更具体地,本公开涉及在高温下展现出抗氧化性的、用于铸件应用(例如涡轮和涡轮增压器壳体、排气歧管和燃烧室)的不锈钢合金及其制造方法。
背景技术
在运行过程中,汽车或飞机的涡轮增压器壳体承受着升高的运行温度。这些壳体必须能够容纳具有超高旋转速度的涡轮叶轮。从汽车或飞机发动机排出的废气在高温下最先接触涡轮增压器的金属部分,如涡轮增压器的气体入口区域。由于通过提高废气温度可改善高速性能,因此,已经试图逐渐提高发动机的废气温度。由于这些高温,作用于部件(诸如排气歧管和涡轮壳体)上的热载荷变得非产大。
这些接触涡轮增压器的金属部分的提高的废气温度带来了各种问题。例如,由废气温度升高引起的一个问题是材料的热变形,在涡轮壳体和排气歧管内,材料的热变形在高温区和低温区之间交替,伴随着取决于具体情况的热膨胀和热收缩,其通过这样的热变形会导致表面氧化褶皱,并且可继续发展并形成穿透裂纹。
为了克服与更高运行温度相关的挑战,用于涡轮增压器应用的现有技术合金已包括高镍含量的合金,如可商购的高镍球墨铸铁合金。这些实例为由InternationalNickelCompany开发的NiResistTM,或者HK30,一种铬-镍-铁不锈钢合金,其包含约25%的铬和20%的镍,余量基本为Fe。HK系列不锈钢合金一般含有大约18-22%的镍,并且是完全奥氏体合金。
在蠕变强度方面,HK不锈钢合金是强大的不锈钢铸造合金。然而,当面对涡轮增压器壳体所要求的高温性能时,此类合金由于它们的高镍含量而特别昂贵。而且,由于最近Ni的价格突然上涨,使得具有高镍含量的材料的成本受到大量关注。
因此,需要可用于涡轮增压器应用的不锈钢合金,其能够承受现代发动机所产生的较高运行温度,但是使昂贵的镍的含量减至最低。此外,从随后的本发明主题的详细描述和所附权利要求书,结合本发明主题的附图和该背景技术,本发明主题的其它所期望的特征和特性将变得显而易见。
发明内容
本发明提供不锈钢合金、涡轮增压器涡轮壳体、以及制造涡轮增压器涡轮壳体的方法。
在一个实施方案中,仅通过示例的方式,奥氏体不锈钢合金按重量计包含,约22%至约28%的铬、约3.5%至约6.5%的镍、约1%至约6%的锰、约0.5%至约2.5%的硅、约0.3%至约0.6%的碳、约0.2%至约0.8%的铌、约0.2%至约0.8%的氮、和余量的铁。不包含钼和钨。
在另一实施方案中,仅通过示例的方式,涡轮增压器涡轮壳体包含奥氏体不锈钢合金,该合金按重量计包含,约22%至约28%的铬、约3.5%至约6.5%的镍、约1%至约6%的锰、约0.5%至约2.5%的硅、约0.3%至约0.6%的碳、约0.2%至约0.8%的铌、约0.2%至约0.8%的氮、和余量的铁。不包含钼和钨。
在又一实施方案中,制造涡轮增压器涡轮壳体的方法包括由奥氏体不锈钢合金制成涡轮增压器涡轮壳体,该合金按重量计包含,约22%至约28%的铬、约3.5%至约6.5%的镍、约1%至约6%的锰、约0.5%至约2.5%的硅、约0.3%至约0.6%的碳、约0.2%至约0.8%的铌、约0.2%至约0.8%的氮、和余量的铁。不包含钼和钨。
提供本发明内容以简化的方式介绍概念的选择,其将在下文的具体实施方式中得到进一步描述。本发明内容并不意在限定所要求保护的主题的关键特征或必要特征,也不意在用于辅助确定所要求保护主题的范围。
附图说明
接下来将结合下面的附图来描述本发明的主题,其中相同的数字表示相同的要素,并且其中:
图1是根据本公开的涡轮增压内燃机的一个实施方案的系统示意图。
图2是示出某些不锈钢合金的热膨胀系数的比较图;
图3是示出某些不锈钢合金的热导率的比较图;
图4是示出某些不锈钢合金的比热的比较图;
图5是示出某些不锈钢合金在室温下的极限强度和屈服强度的比较图;
图6是示出某些不锈钢合金的高温屈服强度的比较图;和
图7是示出某些不锈钢合金的杨氏模量的比较图。
具体实施方式
接下来的具体实施方案本质上仅仅是示例性的,并不意在限制本发明或本发明的应用和使用。如本文中所使用的“示例性的”表示“作为一个实例、例子、或者例证”。因此,本文所描述的任何作为“示例性的”的实施方案不一定被理解为比其它实施方案更优选或更有利。此外,除非在所附权利要求中通过语言进行了具体限定,否则本文中所用的数字序号,如“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等,例如第一、第二、和第三组分,仅代表多数中的不同个体。所述不锈钢合金、涡轮增压器涡轮壳体及其制造方法的所有实施方案和实施方式均为示例性的实施方案,其旨在使本领域技术人员能够制造或运用本发明,而不是限制本发明的范围,其通过权利要求来限定。再者,无意于受到呈现在前述技术领域、背景技术、发明内容和下面的具体实施方案中明示或暗示的理论所束缚。
涡轮增压器涡轮壳体,通常为铸造不锈钢或者铸铁,是涡轮增压器中最昂贵的组件。降低壳体的成本将直接影响涡轮增压器的成本。为了经受通常由冲击到涡轮壳体上的废气所带来的高运行温度,涡轮壳体材料通常与除了其它的碳化物形成元素之外的元素(例如铬和镍)形成合金,导致成本增加。减少这些昂贵合金元素的含量和/或排除这些昂贵的合金元素将直接影响涡轮壳体的成本。
本公开的典型实施方案置于装配有汽油动力内燃机(“ICE”)和涡轮增压器的机动车中。该涡轮增压器具有独特的特征组合,与可比较的未改进系统相比,该特征组合在各种实施方案中可以通过相对地限制涡轮和/或压气机中二次流的总量(和动能)来提供效率益处。
参见图1-2,具有径流式涡轮和离心式压气机的涡轮增压器101的一个示例性实施方案包括涡轮增压器壳体和转子,所述转子配置在涡轮增压器壳体内,在涡轮增压器运行时绕推力轴承和两组轴颈轴承(每个转子叶轮上各一组),或可替代地,其它类似支撑轴承上的转子旋转轴线103旋转。涡轮增压器壳体包括涡轮壳体105、压气机壳体107、和连接涡轮壳体和压气机壳体的轴承壳体109(即,含有轴承的中间壳体)。转子包括基本位于涡轮壳体105内的径流式涡轮叶轮111、基本位于压气机壳体107内的离心式压气机叶轮113、和沿着转子旋转轴线103延伸的转轴115,该转轴穿过轴承壳体109,以连接涡轮叶轮111与压气机轮113。
涡轮壳体105和涡轮叶轮111形成涡轮,其经配置以周向接收来自发动机(例如来自内燃机125的排气歧管123)的高压和高温废气流121。涡轮叶轮111(以及由此所述转子)被高压和高温废气流驱动而绕转子旋转轴线103旋转,所述高压和高温废气流变成低压和低温废气流127并轴向释放到废气系统(未示出)。
压气机壳体107和压气机叶轮113形成压气机级。压气机叶轮被废气驱动的涡轮叶轮111驱动旋转,其经配置以压缩轴向接收的输入空气(例如,环境空气131,或来自多级压气机中上一级的已经过压缩的空气)形成压缩空气流133,压缩空气流133被周向地从压气机中排出。由于所述压缩过程,压缩空气流的特征在于比输入空气更高的温度。
任选地,压缩空气流可被引导通过对流冷却的增压空气冷却器135,其经配置以使来自压缩空气流的热量消散,增加其密度。将所得的经冷却和加压的输出空气流137导入到内燃机上的进气歧管139,或者可替代地,导入到串联压气机的下一级。系统的运行由ECU151(发动机控制单元)来控制,ECU151经由通讯连接件153与系统的其它部分连接。
根据涡轮增压器的配置和所期望的输出功率,涡轮增压器可以设计为在多种温度下运行。如本文所用的,术语运行温度是指被设计为由涡轮增压器的涡轮壳体和叶片组件所经受的废气的最高温度。本领域所熟知的不锈钢1.4826是用于高达约980℃的涡轮壳体应用的一种示例性现有技术材料,其中镍的规格为8%至12%。除Ni以外,昂贵的碳化物形成元素(例如铌(Nb)、钨(W)和钼(Mo))的存在增加了材料的成本。因此,所期望的是具有较少的昂贵材料,但保持相同的有益性能的材料。如下给出的表1提供了不锈钢1.4826的规格。
表1.不锈钢1.4826的组成
因此,本公开的实施方案涉及对用于具有高达约980℃的运行温度的涡轮增压器的目前可用的不锈钢合金的改进。特别地,本公开的实施方案涉及具有比不锈钢1.4826更少的镍含量(出于成本考量),并消除对其它昂贵材料(例如W和Mo)的需求的不锈钢合金。本文中描述的不锈钢合金包含与多种合金元素形成合金的铁,如在基于合金总重量的重量百分数方面在下文中更详细描述的那样。
在一个实施方案中,本公开的不锈钢合金包含约0.3%至约0.6%的碳(C),例如约0.4%至约0.5%的C。C具有改善熔体的流动性和可铸性的作用。C还具有通过与铌(如下文中更详细讨论的那样,合金中包含铌)形成共晶碳化物来提高可铸性的作用。为了有效地实现这样的作用,C的量应为0.3%或更高。再者,C可以通过固溶强化来有效强化材料。为了使耐腐蚀性最大化,将C的含量降低至约0.6%及以下。
在一个实施方案中,本公开的不锈钢合金包含约0.5%至约2.5%的硅(Si),例如约1.0%至约2.0%的Si。Si具有提高其金属结构的稳定性和其抗氧化性的作用。此外,其具有作为脱氧剂的功能,并且当其以大于约0.5%的量存在时,还能够有效改善可铸性和减少所得铸造产品中的针孔。如果Si含量过高,则Si将不利于机械性能,如钢的冲击韧性。因此,Si含量优选限制在约2.5%及以下。
在一个实施方案中,本公开的不锈钢合金包含约22%至约28%的铬(Cr),例如约23%至约27%的Cr,如约24%至约26%的Cr。另一方面,如果将其过量地添加,则会形成Cr的粗初生碳化物(coarseprimarycarbide),导致极度的脆性。当Cr含量增加时,耐腐蚀性增加,但同时应该增加昂贵的Ni的含量以保持体积分数。因此,Cr含量优选限制在约28%的最大值,从而保持不锈钢的体积分数和耐腐蚀性。
在一个实施方案中,本公开的不锈钢合金包含约3.5%至约6.5%的镍(Ni),例如约4.0%至约6.0%的Ni,如约4.5%至约5.5%的Ni。Ni是与锰和氮(如下文中更详细描述的那样,本公开的合金中包含这两种元素)一起稳定奥氏体相的元素。为了减少生产成本,如果降低昂贵的Ni的含量,Ni的减少量可以通过增加形成奥氏体相的锰和氮的含量来代替。然而,如果过度地降低Ni含量,则将会过量地需要锰和氮,从而有损耐腐蚀性和热成型性特征。因此,Ni含量优选在约3.5%至约6.5%的范围内。
在一个实施方案中,本公开的不锈钢合金优选不包含(或至少基本上不包含)钼(Mo)(其为相对昂贵的材料),以进一步降低成本。
在一个实施方案中,本公开的不锈钢合金包含约1.0%至约6.0%的锰(Mn),例如约1.5%至约5.5%的Mn,如约2.0至约5.0%的Mn。类似于Si,Mn可以作为熔体的有效的脱氧剂,并具有改善铸造操作期间的流动性的作用。为了有效地实现这样的作用,Mn的量为约6.0%或更低,优选5.0%或更低。Mn通常具有大于约1.0%的含量以调节金属流动速率。但是,当Mn含量过高时,Mn与钢中的硫结合并形成过量的硫化锰,从而破坏耐腐蚀性和热成型性。因此,Mn的上限含量限制为6.0%。
在一个实施方案中,本公开的不锈钢合金优选不包含(或至少基本上不包含)钨(W)(其为相对昂贵的材料),以进一步降低成本。
在一个实施方案中,本公开的不锈钢合金包含约0.2%至约0.8%的铌(Nb),例如约0.4%至约0.6%的Nb。通过形成Nb的共晶碳化物,为本公开的钢提供了耐热性、高可铸性以及高强度和延展性。
与C类似,氮(N)是一种能够改善高温强度和抗热疲劳性的元素,并且当N的量为0.2%或更高时可获得上述作用。因此,在一个实施方案中,所述不锈钢合金包含约0.2%至约0.8%的N,例如约0.4%至约0.6%的N。为了确保产品稳定性和避免由于Cr的氮化物析出导致的脆性,N的上限应为约0.8%。N与Ni一起是一种有助于稳定奥氏体相的元素。随着N含量增加,实现了耐腐蚀性和高强化。然而,当N含量过高时,则会破坏钢的热成型性,由此降低其产品良率。所以,N含量优选范围为最大约0.8%。
本公开的不锈钢合金中也可能存在一定的杂质。此类杂质的量尽可能实际地减至最低。在一个实施方案中,磷(P)可存在于合金中,但最小化至约0.03%或更低。P形成于晶界或交界面,且可能破坏耐腐蚀性和韧性。因此,尽可能地降低P的含量。优选地,考虑到精炼工艺的效率,P的上限含量限制为0.03%。有害杂质(例如P)的含量越少越好。但是,由于考虑到与去除这些杂质相关的成本,P含量限制为0.03%。
在一个实施方案中,硫(S)可能存在于合金中,但最小化至约0.03%或更少。S在钢中破坏热加工性,并且可形成硫化物夹杂,其对抗点蚀性有不利影响。因此其应该限制为低于0.03%。S破坏热成型性,或与Mn一起形成MnS,由此破坏耐腐蚀性。所以,尽可能地降低S的含量。有害杂质(例如S(硫))的含量越少越好。但是,由于考虑到与去除这些杂质相关的成本,S含量限制为约0.03%。
可以任选地以非常少的量将硼(B)、钙(Ca)和铈(Ce)加入到钢中以改善热加工性。对于B、Ca和Ce,优选含量小于约0.005%。
根据以上提供的描述,表2列出了本公开一个示例性实施方案的组成。
表2不锈钢合金的组成
实施例
使用理论模拟软件对依据上表2中所列组成的代表性合金进行测试,并将其与不锈钢1.4826相比较。对于涡轮壳体材料来说,在其它性能中,通常期望的是更高的热导率、更低的热膨胀系数(CTE)、更低的比热、和更高的机械性能。
1.4826和本发明合金的模拟性能的比较结果总结如下:在热性能中,所测试的本公开的实施方案(在本实施例中称为“实施例1(EX1)”)展现出与1.4826相当或更优异的性能。换言之,当与1.4826相比较时,实施例1展现出较低的CTE(图2)和与之相当的热导率(图3)及比热(图4)。
在机械性能中,实施例1和1.4826具有相似的杨氏模量(图7)、室温屈服强度和高温屈服强度(分别参见图5和图6)。
因此,相比现有技术,例如不锈钢1.4826,本公开的实施方案提供了多种益处。例如,根据本公开,目前描述的实施方案具有比不锈钢1.4826更低的镍含量。此外,将钼、铌和钨的量减少至零。因此,由于更低的成本,根据本公开的合金为适用于在高达约980℃下运行的涡轮壳体材料的较低成本选项。虽然在上述本发明主题的具体实施方式中已呈现了至少一个示例性实施方案,但应当认识到存在大量的变型。同样还应当认识到所述示例性实施方案(一个或多个)仅仅是实施例,其并不意图以任意方式限制本发明主题的范围、适用性、或构型。反之,前述具体实施方式将为本领域技术人员提供实施本发明主题的示例性实施方案的便捷路线图。应理解的是,在不脱离如所附权利要求书所阐述的本发明主题的范围的情况下,可以对示例性实施方案中描述的要素的功能和布置进行各种改变。
Claims (19)
1.奥氏体不锈钢合金,其按重量计包含:
约22%至约28%的铬;
约3.5%至约6.5%的镍;
约1%至约6%的锰;
约0.5%至约2.5%的硅;
约0.3%至约0.6%的碳;
约0.2%至约0.8%的铌;
约0.2%至约0.8%的氮;和
余量的铁,条件是所述合金不包含钼和钨。
2.根据权利要求1所述的奥氏体不锈钢合金,其包含约23%至约27%的铬。
3.根据权利要求1所述的奥氏体不锈钢合金,其包含约4.0%至约6.0%的镍。
4.根据权利要求1所述的奥氏体不锈钢合金,其包含约1.5%至约5.5%的锰。
5.根据权利要求1所述的奥氏体不锈钢合金,其包含约1.0%至约2.0%的硅。
6.根据权利要求1所述的奥氏体不锈钢合金,其包含约0.4%至约0.5%的碳。
7.根据权利要求1所述的奥氏体不锈钢合金,其包含约0.4%至约0.6%的铌。
8.根据权利要求1所述的奥氏体不锈钢合金,其包含约0.4%至约0.6%的氮。
9.涡轮增压器涡轮壳体,其包含:奥氏体不锈钢合金,其中所述奥氏体不锈钢合金按重量计包含:
约22%至约28%的铬;
约3.5%至约6.5%的镍;
约1%至约6%的锰;
约0.5%至约2.5%的硅;
约0.3%至约0.6%的碳;
约0.2%至约0.8%的铌;
约0.2%至约0.8%的氮;和
余量的铁,条件是所述合金不包含钼和钨。
10.根据权利要求9所述的涡轮增压器涡轮壳体,其包含约23%至约27%的铬。
11.根据权利要求9所述的涡轮增压器涡轮壳体,其包含约4.0%至约6.0%的镍。
12.根据权利要求9所述的涡轮增压器涡轮壳体,其包含约1.5%至约5.5%的锰。
13.根据权利要求9所述的涡轮增压器涡轮壳体,其包含约1.0%至约2.0%的硅。
14.根据权利要求9所述的涡轮增压器涡轮壳体,其包含约0.4%至约0.5%的碳。
15.根据权利要求9所述的涡轮增压器涡轮壳体,其包含约0.4%至约0.6%的铌。
16.根据权利要求9所述的涡轮增压器涡轮壳体,其包含约0.4%至约0.6%的氮。
17.包括根据权利要求9所述的涡轮增压器涡轮壳体的涡轮增压器,其在高达约980℃的温度下运行。
18.制造涡轮增压器涡轮壳体的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
由奥氏体不锈钢合金制成涡轮增压器涡轮壳体,其中所述奥氏体不锈钢合金按重量计包含:
约22%至约28%的铬;
约3.5%至约6.5%的镍;
约1%至约6%的锰;
约0.5%至约2.5%的硅;
约0.3%至约0.6%的碳;
约0.2%至约0.8%的铌;
约0.2%至约0.8%的氮;和
余量的铁,条件是所述合金不包含钼和钨。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法,进一步包括使用所述涡轮增压器涡轮壳体制成涡轮增压器涡轮。
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