CN105284375B - The implantation methods of safflower - Google Patents
The implantation methods of safflower Download PDFInfo
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- CN105284375B CN105284375B CN201510749643.0A CN201510749643A CN105284375B CN 105284375 B CN105284375 B CN 105284375B CN 201510749643 A CN201510749643 A CN 201510749643A CN 105284375 B CN105284375 B CN 105284375B
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- 244000020518 Carthamus tinctorius Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 235000003255 Carthamus tinctorius Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 8
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
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- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 24
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
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- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- PANKHBYNKQNAHN-JTBLXSOISA-N Crocetin Natural products OC(=O)C(\C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(/C)C(O)=O PANKHBYNKQNAHN-JTBLXSOISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000596148 Crocus Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000124209 Crocus sativus Species 0.000 description 1
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- 244000178870 Lavandula angustifolia Species 0.000 description 1
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- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- PANKHBYNKQNAHN-JUMCEFIXSA-N carotenoid dicarboxylic acid Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C(=O)O)C=CC=C(/C)C(=O)O PANKHBYNKQNAHN-JUMCEFIXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PANKHBYNKQNAHN-MQQNZMFNSA-N crocetin Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(\C)C(O)=O PANKHBYNKQNAHN-MQQNZMFNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001209 crocus sativus l. Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of implantation methods of safflower, belong to the technical field of natural drug plantation.Implantation methods of the present invention are divided into field bulb propagation and indoor culture is bloomed two stages.The implantation methods of the present invention by soil property, cover the selection of substrate soil and rational field management, ensure that the growth and breeding of bulb, not only quality is high for the kind bulb or filigree of harvest, but also yield is also obviously improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical fields of natural drug plantation, it is more particularly related to a kind of kind of safflower
Plant method.
Background technology
Safflower (Crocus sativus L.) alias safflower, safron, be a kind of Iridaceae crocus for many years
Raw flowers.Safflower is perennial herb, its underground bulb is outer by brown film quality scale leaf in spherical.9~15, its leaf, in vain
Bulb is born, stockless, and blade is long narrow linear, 15~20 centimetres long, and 2~3 centimetres wide, leaf margin warp has fine, soft fur, and base portion is by 4~5
The wide scale of piece surrounds.It spends basidixed, 2.5~3 centimetres of diameter；6, perianth, oval, lavender, cylindrical fireworks grow 4~6 lis
Rice, thin tube-like；3 pieces of stamen, anther is big, base portion flechette-type；Gynoecium 3, carpel symphysis, ovary is the next, and style is elongated, yellow, top
Three drastic cracks are stretched out outside cylindrical fireworks, and sagging, peony, column cap top is slightly expanded, and it is in funnel-form to have an opening.Its fruit, elongated, tool
Three wanes are about 3 centimetres, and about 1.5 centimetres wide, when fruit maturation, the beginning, which stretches, reaches on the ground.Seed majority is rounded, plants leather
Matter.Safflower is South-West Asia initial species, earliest by Greek's artificial cultivation, is mainly distributed on the ground such as Europe, Mediterranean and the Central Asia,
China was passed to when the Ming Dynasty,《Compendium of Materia Medica》It is included in drug etc, is a kind of rare Chinese medicine, is had and is activated blood circulation and dispersed blood clots, is cool
Blood removing toxic substances, resolving stagnation for tranquilization and other effects.Research in recent years inhibits growth of tumour cell and proliferation it is also shown that crocetin has
Effect, has treatment and prevention effect, domestic and international market is expensive at present and the source of goods is more rare to parkinsonism.At home,
Safflower generally use " two-phase method " is cultivated, although Yield comparison is stablized, yield is still relatively low, and quality also needs further to be carried
It is high.
Invention content
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of plantations of safflower
Method.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, present invention employs following technical schemes：
A kind of implantation methods of safflower, it is characterised in that including following two steps：
A. field bulb propagation：
Safflower kind bulb is moved into field mid-November to plant, until mid-May in next year, bulb played soil, interior is transported back and exists
Shady place spreads 7~10 days dryness in the sun, is divided into X according to single weight1、X2、X3Three grades selects bulb；Wherein, 10g≤
X1< 15g, 15g≤X2< 20g, X3≥20g；
B. indoor culture is bloomed：
B1：Bulb is successively set on according to three grades on triple layer grid by early June to late June, wherein will be described
Bulb is head-up placed, and room temperature is maintained at 25~29 DEG C, and continues 20 days to terminate up to bulb rest period；
B2：6 the end of month to 7 the end of month are the assimilation leaf idiophase, and room temperature is maintained at 23~28 DEG C, and relative humidity remains 80%,
Indoor sunshade avoids illumination；
B3：For August to system's flower bud differentiation period mid-September, room temperature should keep 23~27 DEG C, and relative humidity remains 75~
85%, indoor sunshade avoids illumination；
B4：It is that floral organ forms the phase at the beginning of late September to late October, room temperature is maintained at 20~25 DEG C, and relative humidity is kept
It is 80%；
B5：10 the end of month to mid-November ends were florescence, picked flower mid-November, room temperature is maintained at 15~18 DEG C, phase
75% is remained to humidity, indoor no longer sunshade.
Wherein, bulb according to the ascending sequence of three grades be successively set on first layer rack, second layer rack and
On third layer rack.
Wherein, the distance that the first layer rack leaves ground is 20cm or more, and the interlamellar spacing between adjacent rack is
40~45cm.
Wherein, step A includes following sub-step：
A1：Select appearance is full, exocuticle is smooth, have no mechanical damage, no disease and pests harm and quality for 25~30g safflower
Kind bulb；
A2：Select pH value for the sandy soil soil property of 5.5-6.5, before planting 15-20 days when plough deeply soil, rake is even, then by south
North orientation ditching furrow are made the ditch furrow of the wide 1.2-1.3m of furrow, high 20-25cm, furrow spacing 30-35cm；
A3：By the luxuriant clothing of the kind bulb of selection removing before plantation, with 50% carbendazol wettable powder 1:500 times of liquid seed soaking
20-30min dries, and rejects lateral bud, retains 3 terminal buds；It is planted in selection mid-November fine day, when plantation in furrow face
Trench digging, ditch depth 8-10cm are that kind of a bulb is put into ditch by 15-20cm by strain spacing, and terminal bud upward, covers substrate soil 6-8cm, plantation
After sprinkle profoundly water.
Wherein, A2 sub-steps apply 60-100kg quick limes and carry out disinfection per acre after ditching furrow.
Wherein, step A further includes the field management A4 sub-steps after plantation：
1) watering in time, waters to keep ground moistening and not ponding；
2) it applies fertilizer
(1) mid-December, the farm manure of 80-100kg was applied per acre；
(2) mid-January in next year, the farm manure of 800-1000kg was applied per acre；
(3) mid or late Febuary applies the farm manure of 600-800kg per acre；
(4) mid-February to March, west safflower grow into the vigorous stage, and 0.3% urea was sprayed every 10-15 days and is added
0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time, even spray 2-3 times；
3) timely weeding.
Wherein, the substrate soil by the northeast peat soil of 30~40wt%, the modenite of 5~10wt%, 0.5~
The straw destructive distillation solid product of 1.5wt% and the sandy soil composition of surplus.
Wherein, the straw destructive distillation solid product is prepared by the following method to obtain：True after dry straw is shredded
Under empty condition 30-60min is handled in 320-350 DEG C.
Compared with prior art, the implantation methods of safflower of the present invention have the advantages that：
The present invention implantation methods by soil property, cover the selection of substrate soil and rational field management, ensure that ball
The growth and breeding of stem, not only quality is high for the kind bulb or filigree of harvest, but also yield is also obviously improved.
Specific implementation mode
The implantation methods of safflower of the present invention are further elaborated below with reference to specific embodiment, with side
Those skilled in the art is helped to have more complete, accurate and deep understanding to the inventive concept of the present invention, technical solution.
Embodiment 1
The implantation methods of safflower described in the present embodiment, with being suitable for Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces of the winter minimum temperature not less than -10 DEG C
The sandy soil soil property in area.The implantation methods of the present embodiment include that field bulb propagation and indoor culture are bloomed two stages.
Wherein, the field bulb propagation stage specifically includes following steps：
1. select appearance is full, exocuticle is smooth, have no mechanical damage, no disease and pests harm and quality for 25~30g safflower
Kind bulb.
2. select pH value for the sandy soil soil property of 5.5-6.5, before planting 15-20 days when plough deeply soil, rake is even, then presses north and south
To ditching furrow, the ditch furrow of the wide 1.2-1.3m of furrow, high 20-25cm, furrow spacing 30-35cm are made, then apply 80-100kg lifes per acre
Lime carries out disinfection.
3. by the luxuriant clothing of kind bulb removing of selection before kind of plant, with 50% carbendazol wettable powder 1:500 times of liquid seed soaking
30min dries, and rejects lateral bud, retains 3 terminal buds；It is planted in selection mid-November fine day, when plantation opens in furrow face
Ditch, ditch depth 8-10cm are that kind of a bulb is put into ditch by 15-20cm by strain spacing, and terminal bud upward, covers substrate soil 6-8cm, after plantation
It sprinkles profoundly water.The substrate soil is by the northeast peat soil of 30wt%, the straw destructive distillation solid of the modenite of 10wt%, 1.0wt%
Product and the sandy soil of surplus composition.The straw destructive distillation solid product by by the straw dried shred after under vacuum
50min is handled in 350 DEG C to be prepared.
4. field management
1) watering in time, waters to keep ground moistening and not ponding.
2) it applies fertilizer
(1) mid-December, the farm manure (such as rotted pig manure urine) of 100kg was applied per acre；
(2) mid-January in next year, the farm manure (such as rotted pig manure urine) of 1000kg was applied per acre；
(3) mid or late Febuary in next year applies the farm manure (such as rotted pig manure urine) of 800kg per acre；
(4) mid-February in next year to March, west safflower grow into the vigorous stage, and 0.3% urine was sprayed every 10-15 days
Element plus 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time, even spray 2-3 times；
3) timely weeding.
5. the harvest of bulb
Bulb is played into soil after blade is withered mid-May in next year, transports interior back and spread 7~10 days dryness in the sun in the cool,
Old root is peelled off, removal has scab, pityriasis simplex and impaired bulb, is divided into X according to single weight1、X2、X3Three grades selects bulb；
Wherein, 10g≤X1< 15g, 15g≤X2< 20g, X3≥20g。
The indoor culture flowering phase specifically includes following steps：
1. early June to late June, by bulb according to X1、X2、X3Three grades is successively set on first layer rack,
On two layers of rack and third layer rack, wherein the bulb is head-up placed, room temperature is maintained at 25~29 DEG C, and continues 20
It up to bulb rest period to terminate；The distance that the first layer rack leaves ground is 20cm, and the layer between adjacent rack
Spacing is 40~45cm.
2. 6 the end of month to 7 the end of month are the assimilation leaf idiophase, room temperature is maintained at 23~28 DEG C, and relative humidity remains 80%,
Indoor sunshade avoids illumination.
3. August first arrival system's mid-September flower bud differentiation period, room temperature should keep 23~27 DEG C, relative humidity remains 75~
85%, indoor sunshade avoids illumination.
4. being that floral organ forms the phase at the beginning of late September to late October, room temperature is maintained at 20~25 DEG C, and relative humidity is kept
It is 80%.
5. 10 the end of month to mid-November ends were florescence, mid-November picks flower, and room temperature is maintained at 15~18 DEG C, phase
75% is remained to humidity, indoor no longer sunshade.The same day adopt under flower on the day of drying.
Embodiment 2
The implantation methods of safflower described in the present embodiment, with being suitable for Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces of the winter minimum temperature not less than -10 DEG C
The sandy soil soil property in area.The implantation methods of the present embodiment include that field bulb propagation and indoor culture are bloomed two stages.
Wherein, the field bulb propagation stage specifically includes following steps：
1. select appearance is full, exocuticle is smooth, have no mechanical damage, no disease and pests harm and quality for 25~30g safflower
Kind bulb.
2. select pH value for the sandy soil soil property of 5.5-6.5, before planting 15-20 days when plough deeply soil, rake is even, then presses north and south
To ditching furrow, the ditch furrow of the wide 1.2-1.3m of furrow, high 20-25cm, furrow spacing 30-35cm are made, then apply 80-100kg lifes per acre
Lime carries out disinfection.
3. by the luxuriant clothing of kind bulb removing of selection before kind of plant, with 50% carbendazol wettable powder 1:500 times of liquid seed soaking
30min dries, and rejects lateral bud, retains 3 terminal buds；It is planted in selection mid-November fine day, when plantation opens in furrow face
Ditch, ditch depth 8-10cm are that kind of a bulb is put into ditch by 15-20cm by strain spacing, and terminal bud upward, covers substrate soil 6-8cm, after plantation
It sprinkles profoundly water.The substrate soil is produced by the straw destructive distillation solid of the northeast peat soil of 40wt%, the modenite of 5wt%, 1.5wt%
Object and the sandy soil of surplus composition.The straw destructive distillation solid product by by the straw dried shred after under vacuum in
350 DEG C of processing 50min are prepared.
4. field management
1) watering in time, waters to keep ground moistening and not ponding.
2) it applies fertilizer
(1) mid-December, the farm manure (such as rotted pig manure urine) of 100kg was applied per acre；
(2) mid-January in next year, the farm manure (such as rotted pig manure urine) of 1000kg was applied per acre；
(3) mid or late Febuary in next year applies the farm manure (such as rotted pig manure urine) of 800kg per acre；
(4) mid-February in next year to March, west safflower grow into the vigorous stage, and 0.3% urine was sprayed every 10-15 days
Element plus 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time, even spray 2-3 times；
3) timely weeding.
5. the harvest of bulb
Bulb is played into soil after blade is withered mid-May in next year, transports interior back and spread 7~10 days dryness in the sun in the cool,
Old root is peelled off, removal has scab, pityriasis simplex and impaired bulb, is divided into X according to single weight1、X2、X3Three grades selects bulb；
Wherein, 10g≤X1< 15g, 15g≤X2< 20g, X3≥20g。
The indoor culture flowering phase specifically includes following steps：
1. early June to late June, by bulb according to X1、X2、X3Three grades is successively set on first layer rack,
On two layers of rack and third layer rack, wherein the bulb is head-up placed, room temperature is maintained at 25~29 DEG C, and continues 20
It up to bulb rest period to terminate；The distance that the first layer rack leaves ground is 20cm, and the layer between adjacent rack
Spacing is 40~45cm.
2. 6 the end of month to 7 the end of month are the assimilation leaf idiophase, room temperature is maintained at 23~28 DEG C, and relative humidity remains 80%,
Indoor sunshade avoids illumination.
3. August first arrival system's mid-September flower bud differentiation period, room temperature should keep 23~27 DEG C, relative humidity remains 75~
85%, indoor sunshade avoids illumination.
4. being that floral organ forms the phase at the beginning of late September to late October, room temperature is maintained at 20~25 DEG C, and relative humidity is kept
It is 80%.
5. 10 the end of month to mid-November ends were florescence, mid-November picks flower, and room temperature is maintained at 15~18 DEG C, phase
75% is remained to humidity, indoor no longer sunshade.The same day adopt under flower on the day of drying.
Embodiment 3
The implantation methods of safflower described in the present embodiment, with being suitable for Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces of the winter minimum temperature not less than -10 DEG C
The sandy soil soil property in area.The implantation methods of the present embodiment include that field bulb propagation and indoor culture are bloomed two stages.
Wherein, the field bulb propagation stage specifically includes following steps：
1. select appearance is full, exocuticle is smooth, have no mechanical damage, no disease and pests harm and quality for 25~30g safflower
Kind bulb.
2. select pH value for the sandy soil soil property of 5.5-6.5, before planting 15-20 days when plough deeply soil, rake is even, then presses north and south
To ditching furrow, the ditch furrow of the wide 1.2-1.3m of furrow, high 20-25cm, furrow spacing 30-35cm are made, then apply 80-100kg lifes per acre
Lime carries out disinfection.
3. by the luxuriant clothing of kind bulb removing of selection before kind of plant, with 50% carbendazol wettable powder 1:500 times of liquid seed soaking
30min dries, and rejects lateral bud, retains 3 terminal buds；It is planted in selection mid-November fine day, when plantation opens in furrow face
Ditch, ditch depth 8-10cm are that kind of a bulb is put into ditch by 15-20cm by strain spacing, and terminal bud upward, covers substrate soil 6-8cm, after plantation
It sprinkles profoundly water.The substrate soil is produced by the straw destructive distillation solid of the northeast peat soil of 35wt%, the modenite of 8wt%, 1.0wt%
Object and the sandy soil of surplus composition.The straw destructive distillation solid product by by the straw dried shred after under vacuum in
350 DEG C of processing 50min are prepared.
4. field management
1) watering in time, waters to keep ground moistening and not ponding.
2) it applies fertilizer
(1) mid-December, the farm manure (such as rotted pig manure urine) of 100kg was applied per acre；
(2) mid-January in next year, the farm manure (such as rotted pig manure urine) of 1000kg was applied per acre；
(3) mid or late Febuary in next year applies the farm manure (such as rotted pig manure urine) of 800kg per acre；
(4) mid-February in next year to March, west safflower grow into the vigorous stage, and 0.3% urine was sprayed every 10-15 days
Element plus 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time, even spray 2-3 times；
3) timely weeding.
5. the harvest of bulb
Bulb is played into soil after blade is withered mid-May in next year, transports interior back and spread 7~10 days dryness in the sun in the cool,
Old root is peelled off, removal has scab, pityriasis simplex and impaired bulb, is divided into X according to single weight1、X2、X3Three grades selects bulb；
Wherein, 10g≤X1< 15g, 15g≤X2< 20g, X3≥20g。
The indoor culture flowering phase specifically includes following steps：
1. early June to late June, by bulb according to X1、X2、X3Three grades is successively set on first layer rack,
On two layers of rack and third layer rack, wherein the bulb is head-up placed, room temperature is maintained at 25~29 DEG C, and continues 20
It up to bulb rest period to terminate；The distance that the first layer rack leaves ground is 20cm, and the layer between adjacent rack
Spacing is 40~45cm.
2. 6 the end of month to 7 the end of month are the assimilation leaf idiophase, room temperature is maintained at 23~28 DEG C, and relative humidity remains 80%,
Indoor sunshade avoids illumination.
3. August first arrival system's mid-September flower bud differentiation period, room temperature should keep 23~27 DEG C, relative humidity remains 75~
85%, indoor sunshade avoids illumination.
4. being that floral organ forms the phase at the beginning of late September to late October, room temperature is maintained at 20~25 DEG C, and relative humidity is kept
It is 80%.
5. 10 the end of month to mid-November ends were florescence, mid-November picks flower, and room temperature is maintained at 15~18 DEG C, phase
75% is remained to humidity, indoor no longer sunshade.The same day adopt under flower on the day of drying.
Comparative example 1
The implantation methods of this comparative example include that field bulb propagation and indoor culture are bloomed two stages.
Wherein, the field bulb propagation stage specifically includes following steps：
1. select appearance is full, exocuticle is smooth, have no mechanical damage, no disease and pests harm and quality for 25~30g safflower
Kind bulb.
2. select pH value for the sandy soil soil property of 5.5-6.5, before planting 15-20 days when plough deeply soil, rake is even, then presses north and south
To ditching furrow, the ditch furrow of the wide 1.2-1.3m of furrow, high 20-25cm, furrow spacing 30-35cm are made, then apply 80-100kg lifes per acre
Lime carries out disinfection.
3. by the luxuriant clothing of kind bulb removing of selection before kind of plant, with 50% carbendazol wettable powder 1:500 times of liquid seed soaking
30min dries, and rejects lateral bud, retains 3 terminal buds；It is planted in selection mid-November fine day, when plantation opens in furrow face
Ditch, ditch depth 8-10cm, by strain spacing be 15-20cm kind of a bulb is put into ditch, terminal bud upward, the identical sandy soil 6- of earthing matter
8cm is sprinkled profoundly water after plantation.
4. field management
1) watering in time, waters to keep ground moistening and not ponding.
2) it applies fertilizer
(1) mid-December, the farm manure (such as rotted pig manure urine) of 100kg was applied per acre；
(2) mid-January in next year, the farm manure (such as rotted pig manure urine) of 1000kg was applied per acre；
(3) mid or late Febuary in next year applies the farm manure (such as rotted pig manure urine) of 800kg per acre；
(4) mid-February in next year to March, west safflower grow into the vigorous stage, and 0.3% urine was sprayed every 10-15 days
Element plus 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time, even spray 2-3 times；
3) timely weeding.
5. the harvest of bulb
Bulb is played into soil after blade is withered mid-May in next year, transports interior back and spread 7~10 days dryness in the sun in the cool,
Old root is peelled off, removal has scab, pityriasis simplex and impaired bulb, is divided into X according to single weight1、X2、X3Three grades selects bulb；
Wherein, 10g≤X1< 15g, 15g≤X2< 20g, X3≥20g。
The indoor culture flowering phase specifically includes following steps：
1. early June to late June, by bulb according to X1、X2、X3Three grades is successively set on first layer rack,
On two layers of rack and third layer rack, wherein the bulb is head-up placed, room temperature is maintained at 25~29 DEG C, and continues 20
It up to bulb rest period to terminate；The distance that the first layer rack leaves ground is 20cm, and the layer between adjacent rack
Spacing is 40~45cm.
2. 6 the end of month to 7 the end of month are the assimilation leaf idiophase, room temperature is maintained at 23~28 DEG C, and relative humidity remains 80%,
Indoor sunshade avoids illumination.
3. August first arrival system's mid-September flower bud differentiation period, room temperature should keep 23~27 DEG C, relative humidity remains 75~
85%, indoor sunshade avoids illumination.
4. being that floral organ forms the phase at the beginning of late September to late October, room temperature is maintained at 20~25 DEG C, and relative humidity is kept
It is 80%.
5. 10 the end of month to mid-November ends were florescence, mid-November picks flower, and room temperature is maintained at 15~18 DEG C, phase
75% is remained to humidity, indoor no longer sunshade.The same day adopt under flower on the day of drying.
Comparative example 2
The implantation methods of this comparative example include that field bulb propagation and indoor culture are bloomed two stages.
Wherein, the field bulb propagation stage specifically includes following steps：
1. select appearance is full, exocuticle is smooth, have no mechanical damage, no disease and pests harm and quality for 25~30g safflower
Kind bulb.
2. select pH value for the sandy soil soil property of 5.5-6.5, before planting 15-20 days when plough deeply soil, rake is even, then presses north and south
To ditching furrow, the ditch furrow of the wide 1.2-1.3m of furrow, high 20-25cm, furrow spacing 30-35cm are made, then apply 80-100kg lifes per acre
Lime carries out disinfection.
3. by the luxuriant clothing of kind bulb removing of selection before kind of plant, with 50% carbendazol wettable powder 1:500 times of liquid seed soaking
30min dries, and rejects lateral bud, retains 3 terminal buds；It is planted in selection mid-November fine day, when plantation opens in furrow face
Ditch, ditch depth 8-10cm are that kind of a bulb is put into ditch by 15-20cm by strain spacing, and terminal bud upward, covers substrate soil 6-8cm, after plantation
It sprinkles profoundly water.The substrate soil is made of the northeast peat soil, the modenite of 5wt% and the sandy soil of surplus of 40wt%.The rice
Careless destructive distillation solid product is prepared by handling 50min in 350 DEG C under vacuum after shredding the straw dried.
4. field management
1) watering in time, waters to keep ground moistening and not ponding.
2) it applies fertilizer
(1) mid-December, the farm manure (such as rotted pig manure urine) of 100kg was applied per acre；
(2) mid-January in next year, the farm manure (such as rotted pig manure urine) of 1000kg was applied per acre；
(3) mid or late Febuary in next year applies the farm manure (such as rotted pig manure urine) of 800kg per acre；
(4) mid-February in next year to March, west safflower grow into the vigorous stage, and 0.3% urine was sprayed every 10-15 days
Element plus 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time, even spray 2-3 times；
3) timely weeding.
5. the harvest of bulb
Bulb is played into soil after blade is withered mid-May in next year, transports interior back and spread 7~10 days dryness in the sun in the cool,
Old root is peelled off, removal has scab, pityriasis simplex and impaired bulb, is divided into X according to single weight1、X2、X3Three grades selects bulb；
Wherein, 10g≤X1< 15g, 15g≤X2< 20g, X3≥20g。
The indoor culture flowering phase specifically includes following steps：
1. early June to late June, by bulb according to X1、X2、X3Three grades is successively set on first layer rack,
On two layers of rack and third layer rack, wherein the bulb is head-up placed, room temperature is maintained at 25~29 DEG C, and continues 20
It up to bulb rest period to terminate；The distance that the first layer rack leaves ground is 20cm, and the layer between adjacent rack
Spacing is 40~45cm.
2. 6 the end of month to 7 the end of month are the assimilation leaf idiophase, room temperature is maintained at 23~28 DEG C, and relative humidity remains 80%,
Indoor sunshade avoids illumination.
3. August first arrival system's mid-September flower bud differentiation period, room temperature should keep 23~27 DEG C, relative humidity remains 75~
85%, indoor sunshade avoids illumination.
4. being that floral organ forms the phase at the beginning of late September to late October, room temperature is maintained at 20~25 DEG C, and relative humidity is kept
It is 80%.
5. 10 the end of month to mid-November ends were florescence, mid-November picks flower, and room temperature is maintained at 15~18 DEG C, phase
75% is remained to humidity, indoor no longer sunshade.The same day adopt under flower on the day of drying.
Comparative example 3
The implantation methods of this comparative example include that field bulb propagation and indoor culture are bloomed two stages.
Wherein, the field bulb propagation stage specifically includes following steps：
1. select appearance is full, exocuticle is smooth, have no mechanical damage, no disease and pests harm and quality for 25~30g safflower
Kind bulb.
2. select pH value for the sandy soil soil property of 5.5-6.5, before planting 15-20 days when plough deeply soil, rake is even, then presses north and south
To ditching furrow, the ditch furrow of the wide 1.2-1.3m of furrow, high 20-25cm, furrow spacing 30-35cm are made, then apply 80-100kg lifes per acre
Lime carries out disinfection.
3. by the luxuriant clothing of kind bulb removing of selection before kind of plant, with 50% carbendazol wettable powder 1:500 times of liquid seed soaking
30min dries, and rejects lateral bud, retains 3 terminal buds；It is planted in selection mid-November fine day, when plantation opens in furrow face
Ditch, ditch depth 8-10cm are that kind of a bulb is put into ditch by 15-20cm by strain spacing, and terminal bud upward, covers substrate soil 6-8cm, after plantation
It sprinkles profoundly water.By the rice-straw ash of the northeast peat soil of 40wt%, the modenite of 5wt%, 1.5wt%, (straw fires the substrate soil
Ash content after burning) and surplus sandy soil composition.
4. field management
1) watering in time, waters to keep ground moistening and not ponding.
2) it applies fertilizer
(1) mid-December, the farm manure (such as rotted pig manure urine) of 200kg was applied per acre；
(2) mid-January in next year, the farm manure (such as rotted pig manure urine) of 1500kg was applied per acre；
(3) mid or late Febuary in next year applies the farm manure (such as rotted pig manure urine) of 1500kg per acre；
(4) mid-February in next year to March, west safflower grow into the vigorous stage, and 0.3% urine was sprayed every 10-15 days
Element plus 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time, even spray 3 times；
3) timely weeding.
5. the harvest of bulb
Bulb is played into soil after blade is withered mid-May in next year, transports interior back and spread 7~10 days dryness in the sun in the cool,
Old root is peelled off, removal has scab, pityriasis simplex and impaired bulb, is divided into X according to single weight1、X2、X3Three grades selects bulb；
Wherein, 10g≤X1< 15g, 15g≤X2< 20g, X3≥20g。
The indoor culture flowering phase specifically includes following steps：
1. early June to late June, by bulb according to X1、X2、X3Three grades is successively set on first layer rack,
On two layers of rack and third layer rack, wherein the bulb is head-up placed, room temperature is maintained at 25~29 DEG C, and continues 20
It up to bulb rest period to terminate；The distance that the first layer rack leaves ground is 20cm, and the layer between adjacent rack
Spacing is 40~45cm.
2. 6 the end of month to 7 the end of month are the assimilation leaf idiophase, room temperature is maintained at 23~28 DEG C, and relative humidity remains 80%,
Indoor sunshade avoids illumination.
3. August first arrival system's mid-September flower bud differentiation period, room temperature should keep 23~27 DEG C, relative humidity remains 75~
85%, indoor sunshade avoids illumination.
4. being that floral organ forms the phase at the beginning of late September to late October, room temperature is maintained at 20~25 DEG C, and relative humidity is kept
It is 80%.
5. 10 the end of month to mid-November ends were florescence, mid-November picks flower, and room temperature is maintained at 15~18 DEG C, phase
75% is remained to humidity, indoor no longer sunshade.The same day adopt under flower on the day of drying.
The bulb of the implantation methods of embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1-3 and the per mu yield of safflower dried flower such as 1 institute of table
Show.
Table 1
For the ordinary skill in the art, specific embodiment is only exemplarily described the present invention,
Obviously the present invention specific implementation is not subject to the restrictions described above, as long as use the inventive concept and technical scheme of the present invention into
The improvement of capable various unsubstantialities, or it is not improved by the present invention design and technical solution directly apply to other occasions
, within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of implantation methods of safflower, including following two steps：
A. field bulb propagation：
Safflower kind bulb is moved into field mid-November to plant, until mid-May in next year, kind bulb played soil, transports interior back in the moon
Liang Chu spreads 7~10 days dryness in the sun, is divided into X1, X2, X3 three grades selection kind bulb according to single weight；Wherein, 10g≤
X1 < 15g, 15g≤X2 < 20g, X3 >=20g；
B. indoor culture is bloomed：
B1：Kind of bulb is successively set on according to above three grade on triple layer grid, wherein by institute by early June to late June
It states kind of a bulb head-up to place, room temperature is maintained at 25~29 DEG C, and continues 20 days up to bulb rest period to terminate；
B2：6 the end of month to 7 the end of month are the assimilation leaf idiophase, and room temperature is maintained at 23~28 DEG C, and relative humidity remains 80%, interior
Sunshade avoids illumination；
B3：August is to system's flower bud differentiation period mid-September, and room temperature should keep 23~27 DEG C, and relative humidity remains 75~85%, room
Internal sunshade avoids illumination；
B4：It is that floral organ forms the phase at the beginning of late September to late October, room temperature is maintained at 20~25 DEG C, and relative humidity remains
80%；
B5：10 the end of month to mid-November ends were florescence, picked flower mid-November, and room temperature is maintained at 15~18 DEG C, relatively wet
Degree remains 75%, indoor no longer sunshade；
It is characterized in that：Step A includes following sub-step：
A1：Select appearance is full, exocuticle is smooth, have no mechanical damage, no disease and pests harm and quality for 25~30g safflower bulb
Stem；
A2：Select pH value for the sandy soil soil property of 5.5-6.5, before planting 15-20 days when plough deeply soil, rake is even, then presses north-south
Ditching furrow are made the ditch furrow of the wide 1.2-1.3m of furrow, high 20-25cm, furrow spacing 30-35cm；
A3：By the luxuriant clothing of the kind bulb of selection removing before plantation, with 50% carbendazol wettable powder 1:500 times of liquid seed soaking 20-
30min dries, and rejects lateral bud, retains 3 terminal buds；It is planted in selection mid-November fine day, when plantation opens in furrow face
Ditch, ditch depth 8-10cm are that kind of a bulb is put into ditch by 15-20cm by strain spacing, and terminal bud upward, covers substrate soil 8-10cm, plantation
After sprinkle profoundly water；
Substrate soil described in A3 sub-steps by the northeast peat soil of 30~40wt%, the modenite of 5~10wt%, 0.5~
The straw destructive distillation solid product of 1.5wt% and the sandy soil composition of surplus；The straw destructive distillation solid product is made by the following method
It is standby to obtain：After dry straw is shredded 30-60min is handled in 320-350 DEG C under vacuum.
2. the implantation methods of safflower according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：A2 sub-steps are after ditching furrow, per acre
60-100kg quick limes are applied to carry out disinfection.
3. the implantation methods of safflower according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step A further includes the field after plantation
Manage A4 sub-steps：
1) watering in time, waters to keep ground moistening and not ponding；
2) it applies fertilizer
(1) mid-December, the farm manure of 80-100kg was applied per acre；
(2) mid-January in next year, the farm manure of 800-1000kg was applied per acre；
(3) mid or late Febuary in next year applies the farm manure of 600-800kg per acre；
(4) mid-February in next year to March, safflower grow into the vigorous stage, and 0.3% urea was sprayed every 10-15 days and is added
0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time, even spray 2-3 times；
3) timely weeding.
4. the implantation methods of safflower according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Kind bulb is according to ascending three
Hierarchal order is successively set on first layer rack, second layer rack and third layer rack.
5. the implantation methods of safflower according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The first layer rack leaves ground
Distance is 20cm or more, and the interlamellar spacing between adjacent rack is 40-45cm.
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| CN106171398A (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2016-12-07 | 湖南农业大学 | The artificial cultivation method that a kind of Stigma Croci indoor culture is bloomed |
| CN106376322B (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2019-12-24 | 湖州市中心医院 | Saffron crocus seed ball propagation method |
| CN106358688A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-01 | 宋忠智 | Saffron planting method |
| CN108112296A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2018-06-05 | 丹阳市大丰收苗木专业合作社 | A kind of processing method of form corm of saffron |
| CN112042481A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2020-12-08 | 福建省中科生物股份有限公司 | Indoor planting method for promoting growth of saffron corms |
| CN113812324A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-12-21 | 九寨沟县卡奇格更生物科技有限公司 | Method for planting saffron crocus in high-altitude area |
| CN114009282A (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2022-02-08 | 甘肃省农业工程技术研究院 | Saffron crocus cultivation method |
| CN115474515A (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2022-12-16 | 重庆恋绿农业发展有限公司 | Planting method of saffron crocus |
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| CN101904267B (en) * | 2010-07-28 | 2013-02-13 | 新疆医科大学 | Sinkiang saffron planting technology |
| CN103299795A (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2013-09-18 | 上海海抗中医药科技发展有限公司 | Cultivating method of saffron |
| CN102807459A (en) * | 2012-08-21 | 2012-12-05 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Blended facility vegetable field soil conditioner taking charcoal as matrix and preparation method thereof |
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Denomination of invention: The Planting Method of Saffron Effective date of registration: 20231109 Granted publication date: 20181113 Pledgee: Zhejiang Tailong Commercial Bank Co.,Ltd. Jiaxing Branch Pledgor: JIAXING CITY XIUZHOU DISTRICT TIANHE SAFFRON CROCUS PROFESSIONAL COOPERATIVES Registration number: Y2023980064835 |
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