CN1052629A - 通过热焊将塑料件连接在一起的具有改进电阻型的连接组件 - Google Patents

通过热焊将塑料件连接在一起的具有改进电阻型的连接组件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1052629A
CN1052629A CN90110348A CN90110348A CN1052629A CN 1052629 A CN1052629 A CN 1052629A CN 90110348 A CN90110348 A CN 90110348A CN 90110348 A CN90110348 A CN 90110348A CN 1052629 A CN1052629 A CN 1052629A
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China
Prior art keywords
resistance
temperature
coupling assembling
assembly
resistance wire
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Granted
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CN90110348A
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English (en)
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CN1034483C (zh
Inventor
德尼·迪富尔
弗朗索瓦·福尔坦
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French Gas Co
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French Gas Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5221—Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/344—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint being a woven or non-woven fabric or being a mesh
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3472—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3476—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being metallic
    • B29C65/348—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being metallic with a polymer coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/32—Measures for keeping the burr form under control; Avoiding burr formation; Shaping the burr
    • B29C66/324—Avoiding burr formation
    • B29C66/3242—Avoiding burr formation on the inside of a tubular or hollow article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5224—Joining tubular articles for forming fork-shaped connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces
    • B29C66/52241—Joining tubular articles for forming fork-shaped connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces with two right angles, e.g. for making T-shaped pieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9131—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B29C66/91311—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by measuring the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating
    • B29C66/91313—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by measuring the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating by measuring the voltage, i.e. the electric potential difference or electric tension
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9131—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B29C66/91311—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by measuring the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating
    • B29C66/91315—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by measuring the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating by measuring the current intensity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91411—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B29C66/91651—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating
    • B29C66/91655—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating by controlling or regulating the current intensity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
    • B29C66/91921—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
    • B29C66/91921—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature
    • B29C66/91931—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature in explicit relation to the fusion temperature or melting point of the material of one of the parts to be joined
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L47/00—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
    • F16L47/02—Welded joints; Adhesive joints
    • F16L47/03—Welded joints with an electrical resistance incorporated in the joint
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B29C66/91651—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating
    • B29C66/91653—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating by controlling or regulating the voltage, i.e. the electric potential difference or electric tension
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明涉及一个装有电阻(10)的连接组件，用于 焊接由热熔性塑料制成的元件。
按照本发明，该电阻采用包有电绝缘层的单根导 线形式并且有交叉点，涂层熔化温度介于被连接在一 起的组件的熔化温度和它们的热损坏温度之间，这样 就可以控制在导线上发生的短路以及切断电阻的供 电电流。
本发明特别应用在气体工业中的聚乙烯管的热 焊上。

Description

本发明涉及组件的装配，该组件至少部分地由热熔性材料构成。
目前，这种装配基本上是通过热焊接来实现的，并且这一方法被广泛地应用，特别是在气体工业中，用于在配气网中制作二个管子之间的接头（特别是比重约大于925公斤/米3的聚乙烯管）。
按照现在这一被广泛使用的方法，被联接好的组件，通常为管子，是通常通过一个连接组件而被装配好。
无论这个组件是什么类型的（套管、分支管等），它通常具有一个热电阻，该热电阻被嵌入其厚度的部位，由绕制的导线构成，并且被安装在面对着管子或者管子组的组件表面附近。
焊接工作是这样进行的，面对着另外一个，放置组件被焊接的部分，将浇制导线接到电源上，（如一个整流电源），通过焦尔效应将电阻加热，使它周围的塑料变软并且熔化，这样焊接工作就完成了。
这种焊接的质量很高，换句话说，接口对气态流体的密封性很好，并且其机械阻力也令人满意。加热时间一定要介于下述两者之间，即：最短要使冷却后的接口合格，而最长要小于有可能使组件热损坏的时间。
现在碰到一个严重的问题，它涉及到加热区的分布及这一加热过程的可控制性，以便及时切断电源，例如当刚一焊好就立即断电。
在有些情况下，用现有的方法和技术去测定这一“理想的”时刻，被证明是无效的。
因此，本发明首先提供了一种方法，用于测定最佳加热状态和切断电阻上的电源，该电阻是由包有一层绝缘物质的单丝构成，并且位于由塑料构成的被加热组件中，这种方法其特征在于;-所述带有涂层的电阻丝有几根丝之间有相交的交点，绝缘覆盖层材料的熔化温度是可选择的，以使其最低温度高于塑料组件的熔化温度，而最高温度低于这种同样组件的热损坏温度。
-给所述电阻供电，直到电阻上的绝缘层被加热到其熔化温度，并且在电阻丝的某些交叉点上产生短路时为止。
-检测短路时的电压变化和/或短路电流的变化。
-然后电阻上的供电电流被切断。
这样，由于其热交换面要比现有技术中的绕制导线的热交换面要大些，而将得到一个更加均匀的加热组件，只要电阻丝的绝缘层不熔化，就可避免在电阻上发生短路的危险。在绝缘层熔化期间，在组件发生热损坏之前，利用第一次短路的发生去停止加热。
除本方法外，本发明还涉及由热熔性塑料制成的元件的连接组件。它有一个面，用于将该面连接到这种同样元件的对应面上。所述组件有一个涂有电绝缘层的单丝电阻，它装于所述连接面附近，以便使周围的塑料熔化并且在所述组件和元件之间引起焊接，该组件的特征在于;有涂层的电阻丝有交叉点，绝缘覆盖层的熔化温度是这样的，其最低温度高于组件的塑料熔化温度，而最高温度低于组件的塑料热损坏温度。
此外，本发明又涉及到一种装置，该装置可用于测定最佳加热状态以及切断所述组件中电阻的电源，该装置有向有涂层的电阻丝提供电源的设备，以便把电阻加热到绝缘层的熔化温度，该检测装置用于大致在绝缘覆盖层的熔化温度处测出所述电阻中的短路，当所述的检测装置已经测出这一短路时，停止装置就切断对电阻的电源供应。
本发明的特性和优点还将结合附图在下面予以进一步说明，图中所给出的仅是非限定性例子：
-图1为一个连接系统的中心剖面图，该系统用一个套管使二个管对接，该套管上装有根据本发明所述的热电阻，该电阻是由有网格的导电网构成。
-图2为导电网的部分透视图，在此特例中，该导电网采用一种编织的软保护套的形式或一种铠甲层的形式，并被加工成园柱体，用在图1所示的连接系统中。
-图3对图2中Ⅲ的纵断面放大图作了详细的描述。
-图4所示为图2中Ⅳ的放大图。
-图5为图1中电阻丝另一种可能的构造示意图。
-图6为图1所示组件中电阻内的环流作为时间的函数时的趋势图。
-图7为另一种连接系统的中心剖面图，在此特例中，该系统使用一个分接头与管子横向连接。
首先参照图1，图中的1为电焊接头的整体，其上有一个由热熔性塑料制成本体的连接套管2，在中心孔4内连接着两个大致为园截面的园柱型管6、8的相对应端6a、8a，与套管一样，管6、8都是由热熔性塑料制成。
管子6、8是同轴的，事实上此轴就是套管孔的轴2a，管子的外径稍小于中心孔4的直径Φ，目的是使套管和管子有相对应的面4b、6b、8b，通过这些面将使管子在焊接时有可能相互连接上。
用于制作套管管体和被连接在一起的管子的塑料可由聚乙烯、聚酰胺、聚丁烯和聚丙烯制成。
为了将管子连接起来，套管2有一个电热电阻10，该电阻通过二个可拆卸的接线端子12、14而接到电源15上，例如接到一个整流电源上，并使得电阻的温度升到足以使组件与另外的一个件之间焊接起来。这样产生一密封接头以及与所用的这些组件相适应的机械阻力。
根据本发明，电阻10是由一根有相互交叉点的导线制成，图4中所标11a、11b、11c均为交叉点，为了防止发生短路的不利因素而在良好的状态下达到最佳的加热温度，电阻丝10包有一电绝缘层13（见图3）。按照本发明，绝缘层13有一热熔温度，该温度最低要高于组件2可熔体的塑料熔化温度（以及所被连接的管子的熔化温度），而最高温度要低于这种同样组件的热损坏温度。“损坏温度”通常是关系到形成这些组件的很多结构链被破坏或断开的温度。
在熔化时间过长或对分子链的不可逆的破坏发生后，塑料件的热损坏表现为有烟雾逸出和/或其内部结构有洞。有时在熔焊区被损坏的部位可看到飞溅的溶化物以及在熔焊区末端甚至发生泄漏。
由于采用本发明的方法，这一问题就可以避免发生，因为可熔件的温度在达到热损坏温度之前，绝缘层将熔化，只要绝缘层刚一熔化，至少在电阻的某些交叉点上，由于电阻丝间裸露直接接触的结果而发生短路。
在组件的外部，因为该电阻丝被接到电流或电压的测量装置21上，所以当第一次短路时所产生的电流突变可以立即被测出，图6对此作出了说明（电压突变也已经能显示出来）。
在图6所示的例子中，以约64伏的恒定电压向电阻开始供电后100到120秒之间，发生第一次短路，在100～120秒这段时间内，这些变化将被测出，并按照在23处的开路指令切断电流（图1）。
实际使用中，选择绝缘层13合适的型号和厚度，以便在300℃到350℃以下可以维持其电绝缘性能，此温度就相当于它的熔化温度，这样在组件（在该特例中为聚乙烯制成的）被热损坏之前，有一允许的温度范围。
尤其从图1可见，电阻10被安装或嵌入最接近套管孔4的表面4b，甚至直接嵌入这个面中，目的是使组件的加热区尽可能地靠近要被焊在一起的管子。
在图1中也可看出所安装的电阻10，在其直接朝向管子的内表面的附近，局部的装有一个防护装置16，例如面对着空隙e延伸的一个薄条，空隙e是两个管子的末端所面对的一狭小空间。
薄条16的功能就是产生一个相对于上述管子的相互面对端的“冷却区”，在加热时，有必要防止熔化物质流到空隙e，以及防止管子的局部被阻塞的可能性。
为实现这一功能，条16能够扩展到电阻的整个内表面上并且由一种比管子、套管甚至乃至电阻的周围塑料溶化温度要高的材料制成，例如金属。
一般讲，该条最好是导电体，并且厚度约在0.3到0.5MM之间。
图2为图1所示组件中的电阻10的第一个实施例。
在此特例中，该电阻的外表类似于由单根电阻丝编织而成的铠甲形式，事实上，该电阻的总体外型是一种近似于圆形截面的圆柱体，并且是由相互交织在一起的“Ω”型（欧来加型）的环组成，这种形状不仅保证了机械连接，而且还形成了导线交叉点11a、11b等。
作为一个实施例，该网状物是由直径约为0.3到0.5MM的铜丝织成，铜丝上覆盖一层厚度约为几百微米的聚脂酰胺基的绝缘物。铜丝被织成网格面积为S的网，面积S（见图4）约在4和80到100MM2之间，其电阻值约为1到10Ω。
制成的管状网的长度Z为160MM时，其直径为65MM（见图2）。
网状电阻的阻值约为2.7Ω，向该电阻加32伏的恒定焊接电压，280秒时就可得到令人满意的结果。
可以看出，所用的这种由单根电阻丝构成的网状物的优点是该网可被接到套管上的接线端子12和14上，（或其它组件的端子上，如分接头，见图7），而被接通电源，通过伸出网状体的二根反向延长的电阻丝端头11d、11e（图2），事实上，这二根引出线是用常规的方法直接接到端子12和14上，而不需另加导线。图1中清楚地显示出这一具体情况。
同时，电阻10的其它形式也被认可。
图5给出的一个实例显示出电阻是一系列的弯曲形状，主要的因素就是有许多线与线之间相交的交叉点，并且在电阻涂层的熔化温度处提供了可能的短路区域。
图7给出了一个与图1所示的套管不同的连接组件，而其本身又是公知的，因为该连接组件是公知的名为“分支管”类型的，这种“分支管”用在煤气技术中连接二个横向的管子。
40代表分支管的整体，它采用局部为马鞍形42的形式，以便能够部分地覆盖管子44。
与图1所示的套管类似，分支管40装有可拆卸的接线端子12和14。
在此特例中，所用的加热电阻采用图1中同样方法形成。但实际上却是一个半圆柱形。
套管上的电阻26被嵌入分支管的厚度部位里，用这种方式材料才不间断。
在分支管40与管子44之间的焊接之前，电阻有一个连续的均匀表面，没有断点。
比较起来，我们从图7可看出，该电阻在焊接及冷却后有一个贯穿其中的与管子44的孔54同轴的孔27。经孔27，管44与分支管管体58的内孔56连通，通过通孔56，在管体58的自由端，用另一根管子的分支（图中未画出）与管子44连接。

Claims (8)

1、用于测定最佳加热状态以及用于切断一个涂有电绝缘层(13)的单丝电阻(10)的电源的方法，该电阻被装于一塑料组件中，其特征在于：
--上述带有涂层的电阻丝有交叉点(11a、11b)，交点处的电阻丝互相搭接，构成绝缘层(13)的材料熔化温度可选择，以便使其最低温度高于塑料组件的熔化温度，而最高温度要低于造成该同样塑料组件热损坏的温度，
--给所述电阻供电，直到电阻上的绝缘层被加热到其熔化温度，并且至少在电阻丝的某些交叉点上产生短路时为止，
--检测短路时电压的变化和/或电流的变化，
--然后断开电阻的供电电流。
2、一种用于热熔性塑料元件的连接组件，至少部分地由与所述元件的塑料一致的热熔性材料组成，并且有一个面（4b），该面与由同样材料构成的元件（6、8）的对应面（6b、8b）相连接，所述组件（2、40）包括一个涂有电绝缘层（13）的单丝电阻（10），该电阻安装于所述连接面附近，为的是使它周围的塑料熔化，并且在所述组件和元件之间导致焊接，其特征在于：带有涂层的电阻丝（10）有交叉点（11a、11b），交叉点处电阻丝相互搭接，构成绝缘层（13）的材料熔化温度是这样，其最低温度高于塑料连接组件的熔化温度，而最高温度低于这个同样塑料连接组件的热损坏温度。
3、根据权利要求2所述的连接组件，其特征在于，有涂层的电阻丝（10）采用一系列与另外一个互相交织在一起的环构成的铠甲层形式。
4、根据权利要求2或3所述的连接组件，其特征在于所述由电绝缘材料构成的层（13）在约300℃到350℃以下均可维持其电绝缘性能。
5、根据权利要求2至4中任一所述的连接组件，该类型的连接组件有二个电接线端子（12、14），其特征在于，位于组件厚度内的有涂层的导线（10）的裸露部分与所述端子（12、14）电连接，它是通过导线（10）两端的二根线（11d、11e）而与接线端子相接的。
6、根据权利要求3至5中任一所述的连接组件，其特征在于所述的铠甲层是由一根直径约为0.3～0.5MM，电阻约在1至10Ω之间的铜丝构成，并且覆盖有聚酰胺脂基的电绝缘层。
7、根据权利要求3至6中任一所述的连接组件，其特征在于，导电网的网格面积（S、S′）约在4和80至100MM2之间。
8、用于测定最佳加热状态和用于切断一根涂有电绝缘层（13）的单丝电阻（10）的电源的装置，该电阻装在构成组件（2、40）的塑料中，其特征在于;带有涂层的电阻丝（10）有交叉点（11a、11b等），构成绝缘层（13）的材料的熔化温度是这样;其最低温度高于所述组件（2、40）的熔化温度，而最高温度低于这种同样组件的热损坏温度，所述装置还包括：向有涂层的电阻丝提供电源的装置（15），以便将电阻加热到绝缘涂层的熔化温度，检测装置（21）用于大体在绝缘层熔化温度处测定所述电阻丝的短路，当所述检测装置（21）已经测出这种短路时，停止装置（23）用于切断电阻丝上的电源。
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DK0430762T3 (da) 1997-01-27
CN1034483C (zh) 1997-04-09
PT96015A (pt) 1992-08-31
PT96015B (pt) 1998-04-30
JPH03213327A (ja) 1991-09-18
FR2654978A1 (fr) 1991-05-31
US5141580A (en) 1992-08-25
EP0430762A3 (en) 1993-04-07
KR0178381B1 (ko) 1999-05-15
MC2159A1 (fr) 1992-04-09
FR2654978B1 (fr) 1992-02-21
KR910009419A (ko) 1991-06-28
GR3022237T3 (en) 1997-04-30
DE69029647D1 (de) 1997-02-20
JP2961443B2 (ja) 1999-10-12
EP0430762A2 (fr) 1991-06-05
DE69029647T2 (de) 1997-04-24
ES2095244T3 (es) 1997-02-16
CA2031032A1 (fr) 1991-05-30
EP0430762B1 (fr) 1997-01-08
CA2031032C (fr) 2001-04-03
ATE147322T1 (de) 1997-01-15
DZ1461A1 (fr) 2004-09-13

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