CN1028161C - 使用电阻焊接塑料构件的方法和连接组件 - Google Patents

使用电阻焊接塑料构件的方法和连接组件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1028161C
CN1028161C CN90110353A CN90110353A CN1028161C CN 1028161 C CN1028161 C CN 1028161C CN 90110353 A CN90110353 A CN 90110353A CN 90110353 A CN90110353 A CN 90110353A CN 1028161 C CN1028161 C CN 1028161C
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China
Prior art keywords
coupling assembling
temperature
support film
welding
paper tinsel
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN90110353A
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English (en)
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CN1052630A (zh
Inventor
德尼·迪富尔
弗朗索瓦·福尔坦
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Engie SA
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Gaz de France SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L47/00—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
    • F16L47/02—Welded joints; Adhesive joints
    • F16L47/03—Welded joints with an electrical resistance incorporated in the joint
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/344—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint being a woven or non-woven fabric or being a mesh
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3444—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint being a ribbon, band or strip
    • B29C65/3448—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint being a ribbon, band or strip said ribbon, band or strip being perforated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3444—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint being a ribbon, band or strip
    • B29C65/3452—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint being a ribbon, band or strip forming a sleeve, e.g. a wrap-around sleeve
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3468—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the means for supplying heat to said heated elements which remain in the join, e.g. special electrical connectors of windings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3472—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3476—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being metallic
    • B29C65/348—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being metallic with a polymer coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/481—Non-reactive adhesives, e.g. physically hardening adhesives
    • B29C65/4815—Hot melt adhesives, e.g. thermoplastic adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5057—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like positioned between the surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/303—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect
    • B29C66/3034—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of additional elements, e.g. meshes
    • B29C66/30341—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of additional elements, e.g. meshes non-integral with the parts to be joined, e.g. making use of extra elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5221—Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5224—Joining tubular articles for forming fork-shaped connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces
    • B29C66/52241—Joining tubular articles for forming fork-shaped connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces with two right angles, e.g. for making T-shaped pieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91411—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B29C66/91651—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating
    • B29C66/91655—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating by controlling or regulating the current intensity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
    • B29C66/91921—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
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    • B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
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Abstract

本发明涉及热-熔性塑料制成的构件(2，6，8)的焊接，使用了一个埋在连接组件(2)厚度方向上的电加热电阻(10)。
按照本发明，该电阻(10)是环绕着一个薄导电层(11)形成的，而导电层(11)便利地成型在电热-熔性塑料制成的支撑薄膜(13)上，而且能够在一个相当于构件焊接温度的特殊温度处，引起薄膜(11)的撕裂。
本发明特别应用在气体工业中用的聚乙烯管的热焊上。

Description

本发明涉及构件的装配，该构件至少局部由热-熔性材料构成。
目前，这些装配主要由热焊来完成，而且这种技术已经广泛地被使用，尤其在气体工业中用于分配网中管子之间的连接（特别用在密度大约高于925公斤/米3的聚乙烯管上）。
按照现在非常普便的方法，被连接的构件通常是管子，它们借助于一个连接组件装配起来。
无论构件的类型是什么（套管、分支管等等），惯用的方法是：一般由绕制的电导线组成的电加热电阻被埋置在构件的厚度方向里，安置在面对着的管子或管子组的表面附近。
焊接操作是通过将焊接的构件相互对置放置，并且将绕制的导线连接到电源（例如经过整流的交流电源）上来进行的，通过焦耳效应电源将加热电阻，造成构件周围塑料的软化到熔化，从而来保证焊接。
为了获得良好的焊接质量，换句话说为了取得对于气流的密封连接和满意的机械阻力，加热时间必须在一个最小持续时间和一个最大持续时间之间，最小持续时间使得在冷却之后在构件之间能获得精确的焊接，最大持续时间比可能引起构件的热损坏时间低些。已经注意到，由绕制的电线所构成的这种类型的通用电阻，在某些情况下，构件的熔化和跟着发生的在构件的塑料上的压力，造成了匝间的接触，随着短路的产生能够导致材料的热损坏。
在目前的焊接系统中，由于所使用的用于确定最合理的与“焊接时间”相符的加热持续时间，也就是电阻提供电流的时间相对来讲不精确，所以特别是接合处的缺陷也会发生。
当焊接时间被自动地确定时，焊接的停止往往是借助于放置在连接组件的多个凹处的传感器取得的，传感器设置在焊接区并且距离绕制的电加热导线一段明显的距离。由于这些凹处之间的间隔、它们的排列和所使用的塑料相当低的热传导性，如果发生短路的话，最快被检测出来的时间也要稍微延迟一些。
还应当注意到，借助一个整体绕制的导线来产生可电焊的接头，需要长而且困难的绕制导线的工序。
本发明的目的尤其是为了克服上述的缺点而设计的，采用了一个环绕薄导电层或者箔而形成的加热元件，该导电层或者箔设计成在最佳温度处断裂，并且最好能放置在与待装配构件的塑性聚合物的类型不一样的聚合物薄膜上。
因此，按照本发明，传统的绕制电导线将被电阻箔所替代，该电阻箔被“埋置”在可电焊的管接头里，并且在焊接温度时执行熔化的功能。
此外，本发明的另一个目的是提供了一种将一个连接构件与至少另外一个构件用焊接连接在一起的方法，每一个构件都包括由热-熔性塑料制成的本体，该方法包括：
-相互对置放置所述的构件，该构件具有确定了焊接区段的邻接表面，
-在连接组件的内部沿焊接区提供一条电流的环流路线，该路线设置在构件的所述邻接表面的附近，
-电流沿着所述路线环流，以便在所述焊接区的部位将构件加热到使它们可以焊接的温度。
按照本发明的方法，其特征在于它还包括：
-在所述的连接组件里提供一个成整体的由导电材料制成的金属薄层或箔作为环流的路线，该薄层或箔能够在大约等于所述的焊接温度的特殊温度处断裂，
-环流通过所述的箔直到引起横穿箔的连续裂缝产生，箔材断开，这样由于电流中断的结果，加热也就停止了。
可以注意到，在接合处“焊接温度”的概念被定义为将待焊接在一起的构件在它们的焊接区处（也就是它们的接合面附近）必须达到的温度，以便在加热期间，这些构件局部受到熔化，在加热和冷却之后，这些构件实质上就以不漏气的方式，同时也以与它们的应用相一致的机械阻力焊接在一起。
本发明其它的说明、特点和优点将结合附图从下面的叙述中看出来。
图1是按照本发明，使用一个套管将两根管子头对头连接起来的接头系统的中部截面示意图。
图2是本发明电阻元件的实施例的示意立体图。
图3是图1所示系统的另一个实施例的中部截面图，在该特殊的实例中，用了一个分支管横向连接到管子上。
图4是图2所示的电阻元件的另一个实施例的局部放大图。
首先参照图1，1代表整个可电焊的管接头，它包括一个连接套管2，该套管的本体由热熔性塑料制成，并有一个直着穿过本体的中心孔4，该孔4易于接收两个外径比套管孔4的直径稍微小一些、且 大体与管套2同轴的管6和管8，以便连接它们。
两根管子6、8从套管的端部插入套管孔4中，两管延着该套管区段的相对表面6a，8a（称为焊接区）延伸，其延续长度为L。该区段由邻接的外表面2a来限定，并具有一个电热阻件10，该电热阻件10借助于两个接线端子12、14连到电源上（未显示出），例如连接到被整流的交流电源上。
用于制造套管本体的塑料以及待连接在一起的管子的塑料特别可以采用聚乙烯、聚酰胺，聚丁烯和聚丙烯制成。
从图中可以看出，按照本发明的电热阻件包括由导电材料11制成的薄层或者箔，该箔11可以通过专门的真空蒸气喷镀在热熔性塑料的支撑薄膜13上成型。
最好构成支撑薄膜13的塑料与连接组件2和管子所使用的塑料不同，更准确的说，一般的观点认为薄膜13所用的塑料最好比管子和连接组件本体所用的塑料熔点高一点。此外，该薄膜最好选用这样一种材料，当薄膜仍然处在固态时，在导电层11（固态）和管子以及套管（熔化状态）之间具有中等的热膨胀系数。
在该情况下，通过选择大致在构件的焊接温度时能熔化的、由导材料11构成的薄层就可以取得良好的焊接的自行调节。事实上，只要薄层里的环流不将薄膜的温度增至薄膜的熔化温度，一般该电流将环行着，构件就将被加热，然而一旦薄膜软化，达到支撑薄膜的材料熔化的温度，薄膜就将膨胀，这样首先在导电层里引起裂缝，然后出现延伸的裂缝横穿并遍布整个的薄层厚度，由此由于电流中断的结果，加热也就停止了。
当然，相对于传统的绕制导线来讲，应用这样的系统具有各种 优点，特别是：
-消除了短路的危险。
-由于在加热元件和待装配的构件之间热交换面的明显增加，使构件加热的更均匀。
-由于不再需要使用附加的传感器，所以连接组件的制造成本减少了。
-当典型的导线直径约为1毫米时，由于导电箔的厚度只约为几百埃，因此能较好地将热流局限在焊接交界表面的附近。
-最后，由于管接头自己本身确定了环流时间，即，在该时间期间有环流存在，该环流是在最接近焊接区的附近产生的，因此，也就是，在最可能可靠和有效的条件下，应用这样的电阻层，有可能获得真正的自行调节的管接头。
-正如要知道的一样，要想提供该种类型的加热阻件，必须要考虑到各种参数，换句话讲，尤其是要考虑到：
-构成薄层11的导电材料（一般为金属）的类型，
-该层的厚度，
-如果必要的话，构成支撑薄膜13的塑料薄膜的厚度和类型，
-整个加热元件的尺寸和几何形状。
一旦这些参数已经作出选择，就有必要提供安全的和可以按工艺等级进行制造的电接头，使其有可能提供与这样获得的加热元件相适应的电流。
现在，我们将接连地涉及到这些标准规范。
a）所用的导电材料的类型、金属箔的厚度和加热元件的几何形状：
这些参数必须经过选择，以便取得一个电阻，使它有可能在构件的焊接区里达到相应的焊接温度。
为在聚乙烯套管和同样由聚乙烯制造的管子之间进行装配，在构件的临接结合面的附近（在图1中分别用2a、6a和8a表示），必须达到近似于150℃和350℃至400℃之间的实际温度，这只发生在大约几分钟的时间间隔内。在知道加热元件的焊接电压和电阻的情况下，温度的增长速度将由构件所损耗的电功率来确定。
因此，加热时间将不是一个预定参数。
当加热元件的电阻是所使用的金属的电阻率、导电层厚度、薄层里电流流过的横截面以及离开电接头的距离的函数时，将有可能很容易地计算出喷涂金属层的厚度和选择导电金属的种类，以便于获得可能达到所需温度的电阻值。我们知道，特别是在气体工业方面，通常使用大约39伏的焊接电压。
一般地说，导电层的厚度接近10-8至10-7米之间，此外构成该层的导电材料可以便利地用这样一种方法选择，即它的熔化温度要比支撑薄膜的塑料的熔化温度高些。
这里涉及到加热元件的几何形状，当然可以按照特殊需要的应用来进行改变。
就图1来说，就是借助一根套管将两根管子头对头的连接起来的。在采用的一个平行六面体的片10上（如图2所示）制成一根套管，电阻片被埋置在套管的厚度方向里，呈园筒形状，园筒的轴线大致与套管中的孔4的轴线4a一致，由于电阻元件的这种构成，就有可能将电阻元件结合到最接近管接头的内表面2a的附近，从而也就尽可能靠近了两根管子的相对的外接合面6a、8a。
然而，也可以有其它的实施例。
例如，在一根管子16和一根分支管18的连接实例中（如图3所示），借助鞍形座22局部地盖住管子，电阻层用20表示，并且用与以前相同的方式构成。正如平面图所示的那样，将一个大体上是平行六面体的矩形弯曲成像个马鞍形座。在构件焊接和冷却以后，由于管孔26与分支管管体30的内部通道28连通，所以穿过电阻件20（塑料薄膜+导电层）就获得了与管子的孔26相符合的中间孔24。
当然，正如前边所述的那样，为了供给电阻层电能，该电阻层20被连接到两个接线端子例如32和34上。
无论采取什么特殊的应用，为了在电阻元件的两面确保组装以后的机械阻力，最好采用这样一种方式来贯穿导电层和支撑薄膜，该方式是采用在元件上有直着穿过它的小孔或者小眼36（图2），一旦连接组件制造出来，这些小孔里就充满了该组件的塑料，这样就有可能保证材料的局部连续性。
如图4所示，也可以使导电层11为金属格状或者多孔体的形式，将导电格网放置在支撑薄膜的薄层中。这里很多网格38或者格状孔或者网眼填满了连接组件的塑料，相应地穿过支撑薄膜13而制出来的小孔39也如此。
b、支撑薄膜的选择：
正如所知道的一样，导电层的支撑薄膜13如果起作用的话，将撕裂位于它上面的层11，结果中断了构件的加热。
实际上，这种断裂是由支撑薄膜的熔化和在其上的压力的作用造成的。
因而应该选择一种热熔性塑料的薄膜，它具有这样一个熔点， 使得仅仅在构件结合面附近的温度达到焊接温度时的瞬间就能使薄膜的膨胀引起导电层11的撕裂。
到目前为止，通过对用热焊将聚乙烯管与连接组件装配在一起的研究已经证明，对于加热速度约为20至100℃/分钟来说，焊接温度可达约150至250℃。
因此，概括地说，支撑薄膜应该选择聚合物材料做成的，该材料的熔化温度至少要约比200℃高。
举几个可能应用的聚合物的例子，如可选用聚酯、聚酰胺6、氟化聚合物（例如聚四氟乙烯）、晶状聚碳酸酯、亚苯基聚硫化物以及聚酰亚胺。
一般来说，至少就将连接在一起的、由聚乙烯制造的构件而言，支撑薄膜的选择应当限于熔化温度约在400℃以下的热熔性塑料，以便防止由于过热而引起的任何损害到构件的危险。
除了支撑薄膜的类型之外，它的厚度也是重要的选择因素。在很多应用中，厚度将约在5至100μm之间（也就是说5至100×10-6米），并且最好约等于10μm。
c、电接头的制造：
为了保证电阻元件的连接，在薄导电层11上制作欧姆接触是必要的。为达到该目的，可以使用导电的粘合剂、胶带或金属镀层，采用层状电接头的方式，如图中15、17所示。
一旦这些接头制成，接电导线19，21就可以焊到相应的接线端子上。
d、冷却区的产生：
尤其对于借助一个连接套管将两根管子头对头地连接起来来说 （见图1），为了防止在加热或者焊接期间已熔化的材料流进隔开管子的自由空间e，引起它们部分阻碍的危险，在它们相互面对面对着的管端部提供一个“冷却”区也是适宜的。
为此目的，在图1的实例中，一个面对着空间e延伸的薄导电保护镶条37被安置在导电层11的表面上（见图1）。
为了使镶条起作用，该镶条最好由金属材料制成，该金属材料的熔化温度要比周围塑料的熔化温度以及构成塑料薄膜13的材料的熔化温度高些，甚至等于导电层11的熔化温度。
一般来说，镶条的厚度应在3到5μm之间。
在刚刚所述的基础上，通过下面完整的实施例（但不受此限制）可以反映出申请人所做的各种工作，它提供了一种能被用在聚乙烯连接组件上的电阻元件，用以密封连接同样由聚乙烯制成的管子。
构成：
-支撑薄膜：厚度约为12μm的聚酯薄膜。
-导电层：约为200埃（即200×10-10）的铝层。
-加热元件的几何形状：冲有呈网格状小孔的10×10cm2的薄片。
-由30μm厚、上面镀有银漆的铜胶带制成的接头。
-薄片的加热功率：0.015瓦/MM2
结果：
约200秒以后，金属层的最高温度约为200℃。
约250秒以后，由于金属层撕裂的结果，加热自动停止。
当然，必须清楚，任何能够按照本发明，在所选择的温度处引起薄导电箔撕裂的适宜装置（除了塑料薄膜以外的装置）可以充分使 用而不脱离本发明的范围，尤其是通过采用合适的导电箔的厚度和类型而取消使用聚合物支撑薄膜13应当是可能的。在这种情况下，电阻11必须做成能在某一温度处由于熔化而断裂的形式，该某一温度是在管接头的塑料熔化温度和将被连接在一起的构件的熔化温度之间的温度与损坏这些构件的最大温度之间。
我们发现，实际上当熔化的材料飞溅和/或释放出烟时，构成构件的分子链的损坏温度或者断开温度就达到了。正如发现在焊接区有很深的熔化区就具有渗漏的危险一样，在构件内部存在空穴也是这种损坏的迹象。

Claims (13)

1、一种将一个连接组件与至少另外一个构件通过焊接连接在一起的方法，它们中的每一个包括由热-熔性塑料制成的主体，该方法包括：
-彼此相对放置所述的构件，该构件具有确定了焊接区段的邻接表面，
-给所述的连接组件提供由一个导电材料制成的箔，用于在焊接区段中形成环流，所述箔被埋在所述的连接组件里，并且能够在基本上等于预定焊接温度下撕裂，
-环流流过所述的箔，用以将构件加热到所述焊接温度，直到至少一个裂缝横穿该箔，与此同时所述的箔材的断裂引起了电流中断。
2、按照权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于进一步包括，
-通过在热-熔性聚合物的支撑薄膜上成型该箔，该支撑薄膜基本上在所述构件的焊接温度下具有这样的热膨胀系数，以致在该温度下，该薄膜引起箔的机械撕裂，使得所述的裂缝发生在所述的导电箔中。
3、用于由热-熔性塑料制成的构件的连接组件，至少局部地包括与所述构件的塑料类型一致的热一熔性材料，并且具有用于把它连到所述构件的相应表面上的一个面，所述组件包括一个导电材料的箔片，该箔片被埋置在它的连接表面附近，用于熔化它周围的材料并引起所述组件和所述构件之间的焊接，所述箔具有一厚度，以致在所述组件和所述构件的塑料熔化温度与最大热损坏温度之间的一个温度处断裂。
4、按照权利要求3所述的连接组件，其特征在于：所述的由导电材料制成的箔形成在可熔支撑薄膜上，该薄膜被埋置在所述的连接组件里。
5、按照权利要求4所述的连接组件，其特征在于：导电箔和支撑薄膜具有穿过它们的小孔，所述小孔填满了所述连接组件的塑料，用以确保塑料材料的连续性。
6、按照权利要求4所述的连接组件，其特征在于：所述的导电箔为格网状，孔穿过所述的支撑薄膜与所述格网相对应，所述孔和所述格网里填满了所述连接组件的塑料，用以确保材料的连续性。
7、按照权利要求4至6中的任一个连接组件，其特征在于：所述支撑薄膜的熔化温度要比连接组件和所述构件的熔化温度高些或者等于它们的熔化温度，而要比所述导电箔的熔化温度低些。
8、按照权利要求4至6中的任何一项的连接组件，其特征在于：所述可熔支撑薄膜具有这样的热膨胀系数，使得在等于它的熔化温度的温度下充分热膨胀，引起所述箔的机械断裂。
9、按照权利要求4至6中的任何一项的连接组件，其特征在于所述支撑薄膜的熔化温度在200℃与400℃之间。
10、按照权利要求4至6中的任一项的连接组件，其特征在于：该支撑薄膜的厚度在5和100×10-6米之间。
11、按照权利要求4至6中的任一连接组件，其特征在于：所述支撑薄膜是由下述材料之一制成的，聚酯，聚酰胺6，氟化聚合物，晶状聚碳酸酯，亚苯基聚硫化物及聚酰亚胺。
12、按照权利要求3至6中的任一个连接组件，其特征在于：所述导电箔的厚度在10-8与10-7米之间。
13、按照权利要求3至6中的任何一个连接组件，其特征在于：所述组件包括一根套管，将被联接在一起的所述构件是由头对头放置的管子组成，并且插入所述套管里，所述套管包括保护条，该保护条被安排在对着所述管子的对接端，它的熔化温度比套管的塑料的熔化温度高些，它的熔化温度比套管的塑料的熔化温度高些，用于提供一个阻止熔化材料流进所述管子的屏障。
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