PT96014B - Processo e peca de ligacao que utilizam uma resistencia electrica para a soldadura de elementos de materia plastica - Google Patents
Processo e peca de ligacao que utilizam uma resistencia electrica para a soldadura de elementos de materia plastica Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- PT96014B PT96014B PT96014A PT9601490A PT96014B PT 96014 B PT96014 B PT 96014B PT 96014 A PT96014 A PT 96014A PT 9601490 A PT9601490 A PT 9601490A PT 96014 B PT96014 B PT 96014B
- Authority
- PT
- Portugal
- Prior art keywords
- film
- conductive layer
- welding
- layer
- heating
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L47/00—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
- F16L47/02—Welded joints; Adhesive joints
- F16L47/03—Welded joints with an electrical resistance incorporated in the joint
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
- B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
- B29C65/344—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint being a woven or non-woven fabric or being a mesh
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
- B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
- B29C65/3444—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint being a ribbon, band or strip
- B29C65/3448—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint being a ribbon, band or strip said ribbon, band or strip being perforated
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
- B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
- B29C65/3444—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint being a ribbon, band or strip
- B29C65/3452—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint being a ribbon, band or strip forming a sleeve, e.g. a wrap-around sleeve
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
- B29C65/3468—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the means for supplying heat to said heated elements which remain in the join, e.g. special electrical connectors of windings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
- B29C65/3472—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint
- B29C65/3476—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being metallic
- B29C65/348—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being metallic with a polymer coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
- B29C65/481—Non-reactive adhesives, e.g. physically hardening adhesives
- B29C65/4815—Hot melt adhesives, e.g. thermoplastic adhesives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
- B29C65/5057—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like positioned between the surfaces to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
- B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
- B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/303—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect
- B29C66/3034—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of additional elements, e.g. meshes
- B29C66/30341—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of additional elements, e.g. meshes non-integral with the parts to be joined, e.g. making use of extra elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
- B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
- B29C66/5221—Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
- B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
- B29C66/5224—Joining tubular articles for forming fork-shaped connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces
- B29C66/52241—Joining tubular articles for forming fork-shaped connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces with two right angles, e.g. for making T-shaped pieces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
- B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
- B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
- B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
- B29C66/91411—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
- B29C66/91651—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating
- B29C66/91655—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating by controlling or regulating the current intensity
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
- B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
- B29C66/91921—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
- B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
- B29C66/91921—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature
- B29C66/91931—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature in explicit relation to the fusion temperature or melting point of the material of one of the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2793/00—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation
- B29C2793/009—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation after shaping
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
- B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
- B29C65/346—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint being a coating or being printed, e.g. being applied as a paint or forming a printed circuit
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
- B29C65/3472—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint
- B29C65/3476—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being metallic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7377—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline
- B29C66/73773—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being semi-crystalline
- B29C66/73774—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being semi-crystalline the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being semi-crystalline
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
- B29C66/91221—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/9131—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
- B29C66/91311—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by measuring the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/94—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time
- B29C66/949—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time characterised by specific time values or ranges
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Details Of Resistors (AREA)
- Branch Pipes, Bends, And The Like (AREA)
- Apparatuses And Processes For Manufacturing Resistors (AREA)
Description
t
A operação de soldadura e realizada colocando frente-a-frente as partes das peças a soldar e ligando o fio eléctrico bobinado a uma fonte de corrente eléctrica (tal como uma fonte de corrente alternada rectifiçada) que, por efeito de Joule, vai aquecer a resistência e provacar o amolecimento até â fusão do material plástico que envolve as peças, realizando assim a soldadura*
Para que esta soldadura seja de boa qualidade, isto é, para obter uma junta estanque aos fluidos gasosos e uma resistência mecânica satisfatória, o tempo de aquecimento deve estar compreendido entre uma duração mínima que permita obter, depois do arrefecimento, uma soldadura correcta entre as peças, e uma duração máxima inferior â que é susceptível de provocar uma degradação térmica das peças. Com as resistências actuais do tipo de fio eléctrico bobinado, notou-sque num certo numero de casos a fusão e a colocação sob pressão consecutiva do material plástico das peças induzem contactos entre espiras com a criação de curto-circuitos, próprios para induzir justamente degradações térmicas do material.
Nos sistemas de soldadura actuais podem aparecer igualmente defeitos de junção, tendo em conta a imprecisão relativa dos princípios utilizados para a determinação da duração óptima do aquecimento correspondente ao "tempo de soldadura", isto é, o tempo durante o qual a resistência elétrica vai ser alimentada com corrente eléctrica*
Quando o tempo de soldadura for definido automaticamente, a paragem da soldadura é muitas vezes obtida com auxílio de sensores que se dispõem em poços formados na peça de união em sítios localizados da zona de soldadura e a uma distância não desprezável do fio eléctrico bobinado de aquecimento» Tendo em conta o espaçamento entre estes poços, a sua disposição e a condutividade térmica relativamente baixa dos materiais plásticos usados, se se verificarem curtocircuitos, estes podem, na melhor das hipóteses, ser dectados apenas com certo atraso.
Notaremos igualmente que a reali-
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SI 3 *ι Ρ
I até provocar uma fenda contínua através desta com discontinui-dade de material da folha, induzindo a paragem de aquecimento !por interupçio da corrente, i I Notar-se-â desde já que a expres- |são "temperatura de soldadura" deve ser interpretada como definido a temperatura que devem atingir as peças a unir no ; local da sua zona de soldadura (isto é, na proximidade da i _
ji sua interface de junção) para que, durante o tempo de aqueci-;; mento, estas peças entrem localmente em fusão e que, depois ;da interrupção do aquecimento e do arrefecimento, estas mesmas j; peças sejam unidas de modo subusfcancialmente estanque aos || gases e isso com uma resistência mecânica compatível com a sua utilização.
Outras explicações, característx-cas e vantagens de presente invenção surgirão ainda na descrição que vai seguir-se, com referência aos desenhos anexos, cujas figuras representam? i A fig. 1, uma visita esquemática em corte transversal médio de um sistema de união segundo a presente invenção !i utilizada uma manga para a ligação topo-a-topo de dois tubos; ii | A fig, 2* uma vista esquemática em perspectiva : i ' * de uma realizaçao possível do elemento resistivo representado |na presente invenção; 1 A fig, 3, uma ilustração em corte transversal médio de uma variante de realização do sistema ilustrado na |ífigura, 1, utilizando neste caso uma tomada de derivaçãpara uma união transversal num tubo; e | A fig* 4, uma vista local ampliada de uma varian- jte de realização do elemento resistivo ilustrado na fig. 2. S nos referirmos em primeiro jjlugar à fig 1, vê-se pois ilustrada uma união electro-soldãvel j'com a referência geral (1), compreendendo uma manga de união j (2) provida de um corpo de material plástico terinofusível, i cujo orifício central (4) que a atravessa de um lado ao outro é apropriado para receber, para os unir, dois tubos sensivelmente coaxiais (6,8), com um diâmetro exterior ligeiramente • ! . iinferior ao diâmetro do orifício (4) da manga·
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Os dois tubos (6) e (8) sao encaixados no interior do orifício (4) da manga por uma das suas extremidades* Estes tubos estendem-se por uma comprimento (1) e ao longo das superfícies (6a) e (8a), em frente de uma zona desta manga (denominada zona de soldadura). Esta zona é limitada pela superfície exterior contígua (2a) e compreende i uma resistência elóctrica de aquecimento (10) ligada por dois | terminais de ligação (12) e (14) a uma fonte de energia (não }representada), tal como uma fonte de corrente alternada recti-ficada, ! Entre os materiais plásticos utilizáveis para realizar o corpo da manga e os tubos a unir podem citar-se em especial o polietileno, a poliamida, o poli-|butileno e o polipropileno.
Segundo a presente invenção, e como pode constatar-se na observação das figuras, a resistência eléctrica de aquecimento consiste numa camada ou folha de material electricamente condutot (11), A folha (11) pode ser formada, em especial por depósito com pulverização no vazionuma película de suporte (13), de material plástico termo- fusível.
De preferência, o material plástico que constitui a película de suporte (13) será diferente do da peça de união (2) e dos tubos, Mais precisamente será |de uma maneira geral preferível utilizar para a película (13) I „ ~ um material plástico com um ponto de fusão mais elevado do
I que o do material plástico dos tubos e do corpo da peça de !união. Além disso, prefere-se escolher para esse fim um materi- ji jal que, quando a película estiver ainda no estado sólido, tenha um coeficiente de dilatação térmica intermédia entre jo da camada condutora (11) (estado sólido) e o dos tubos e da Imanga (estado fundido), i Neste caso, escolhendo uma camada ide material condutor electrico (11) susceptível de fundir sen- 'Isivelmente ã temperatura de soldadura das peças, poderemos I: _ .assegurar uma boa auto-regulaçao da soldadura.Com efeito, en- i ^ * quanto a circulação da corrente na camada nao elevar a tempera- tura da película até à sua temperatura de fusão, a corrente I circulará normalmente e as peças serão aquecidas* Mas quando |for atingida a temperatura de amolecimento, e depois de fusão, ;do material que constitui a película de suporte, esta dilatar--se-a, provocando em primeiro lugar fissuras na camada condutora e depois a aparição de uma fenda contínua de um lado ao ou-jtro a toda a espessura desta camada, tendo como consequência a ;interrupção do aquecimento por corte da corrente. Ê evidente que a utilização de um tal sistema apresenta diversas vantagens em relação ao fio j: bobinado condutor clássico e, em especial: j! - a eliminação dos riscos de curtocircuitos, ' - um aquecimento mais uniforme das peças, na me— :dida em que se aumenta nitidamente a superfície de permuta tér- ;i mica entre o elemento calefactor e as peças a unir, - uma redução do custo da realização das peças de ;união, as quais nao necessitam mais a utilização de sensores
II anexos, i - uma melhor localização do fluxo de aquecimento na visinhança da interface de soldadura, na medida em que a es- !pessura da folha condutora pode ser da ordem de algumas centenas de angstrom, enquanto que o diâmetro de um fio condutor ê tipicamente da ordem do milímetro, - finalmente, a utilização de uma tal camada re-sistiva torna possível a realização de uma união realmente au- ! to-regulada, visto que define por sí o tempo durante o qual há i „ passagem de corrente, isso na proximidade imediata da zona de soldadura e portanto nas melhores condições possíveis de I fiabilidade e de eficácia. íí ~ !; Como se compreende, a realizaçao '! de uma resistência calefactora deste tipo exige a tomada em j consideração de diferentes parâmetros, em particular: - a natureza do material condutor (em geral um metal) que constitui a camada fina (11), - a espessura desta camada, I Φ - se necessário, a espessura e a natureza da pe-*; líbula de material plástico que constitui a película de supor- 6 ι i te (13), - as dimensões e a geometria do elemento calefac-tor no seu conjunto*
Uma vez feitas todas estas escolhas, é necessário em seguida realizar contactos electricos fiáveis e realizáveis industrialmente, que permitam alimentar convenientemente com corrente eléctrica o elemento calefactor assim realizado.
Consideram-se sucessivamente | estes diferentes critérios. a) Natureza do material condutor usado, espessu-j ra da folha metática e geometria do elemento calefactort i Estes diferentes parâmetro devem ser escolhidos de modo a obter uma resistência que permita i: j atingir, na zona de soldadura das peças, a temperatura de
I soldadura apropriada*
I
Para uma união entre uma manga de polietileno e tubos igualmente de polietileno, á necessário na prática atingir na vizinhança das superfícies contíguas de união das peças ( com as referência (2a), (6a) e (8A), respectivamente, nas figuras), temperaturas compreendidas ! entre cerca de 150 a 350 a 400°C, e isso durante um intervalo : de tempo da ordem de alguns minutos* Conhecendo a tensão de |l soldadura e a resistência electrica do elemento calefactor, il li é a potência eléctrica díssipida na união que determinará ii I as velocidade de subida da temperatura. I. i; 0 tempo de aquecimento nao sera j portanto um parâmetro pré-determinado. I A resistência do elemento cale factor é função de resistividade eléctrica do metal utilizado | da espessura da camada condutora, da secção de passagem da i ! corrente na camada e da distância que separa os contactos i electricos, de modo que poderemos facilmente calcular a espessu ra da camada metalizada e escolher a natureza do metal condutor de modo a obter o valor da resistência eléctrica que permite j ! atingir as temperaturas desejadas, sabendo que na indústria do gás, em especial, se utiliza habitualmente uma tensão de ; soldadura da ordem dos 39 V.
Claims (2)
- .«et- De uma maneira geral, a espessura da camada condutora estará, compreendida entre cerca de 10*~ e IO”7 m» E o material condutor que constitui esta camada seri |j vantajosamente escolhido de modo tal que a temperatura de ! i 0 t fusão seja mais elevada do que a do material plástico da película de suporte· j No que se refere â geometria do ele mento calefactor, esta variará evidentemente em função da aplicação desejada· No caso da fig, 1* isto á, para uma |; união topo-a-topo de dois tubos por meio de uma manga, partindo de folha paralelipipedica (10) (como se ilustra na fig» 2), realizou-se uma manga em cuja espessura se incluiu esta folha I! i resistiva, que apresenta aqui a forma de um cilindro de eixo 11 sensivelmente coincidente com o eixo (4a) do orifício cen-j trai (4) da manga. Tendo em conta a constituição deste elemen-I to resistivo, este pode ser integrado na proximidade completa-i mente imediata da superfície interior (2a) da união, o mais | perto possível portanto das superfícies exteriores da junção | (6a) e (8a) em frente dos dois tubos, i ! Poderiam no entanto encarar-se ! outras formas de realização, ! | Por exemplo, no caso (ilustrado na jI fig, 3) da união de um tubo tal como (16) e de uma tomada de derivação tal como (18) que recobre localmente o tubo por !intermédio de uma sela (22), a camada resistiva (20) , constituída como anteriormente, apresenta uma forma de planta sensí— !velmente paralelipipedica rectangular curva, ã maneira de uma 1 sela. Depois da soldadura e do arrefecimento das peças, abre-i-se um orifício central (24) correspondente ao orifício (26) |do tubo pelo qual este comunica com a passagem interior (28) do ! fuste (30) da tomada de derivação, através da resistência (20) (película áe plástico 4- camada condutora), Ê claro que a camada resistiva (20) I como anteriormente, ligada a dois terminais de ligação, tais como (32) e (34), para a sua alimentação com energia eléc- • I . trica. - 8 -Qualquer que seja a aplicação consi-!derada, preferir-se-á para assegurar uma resistência mecânica i ^ j da união de um lado e do outro do elemento resistivo, perfurar ; a camada condutora eléctrica e a película de suporte de modo ; que o elemento apresente orifícios ou aberturas (36) (fig· 2) que a atravessam de lado a lado, sendo esses orifícios, uma vez realizada a peça de união, cheios pelo material plástico |j desta peça, permitindo assim assegurar uma continuidade locai !i || do material» | Tal como está ilustrado na fig. 4, || pode também encarar-se que a camada condutora (11) se apresente 1 sob a forma de uma grelha metálica ou de um corpo perfurado !| I feito como rede malhada condutora depositada em camada fina na película de suporte, sendo nesse caso as malhas (38) ou os furos da grelha ou da rede ainda cheios pelo material plástico da peça de união, tal como os orifícios (39) que se tenham feito em correspondência através da película de suporte (13). |j b) E3C0lba âa película de an,,orte I Como se compreendeu, a película dej| suporte (13) da camada condutora eléctrica tem a função, se j for prevista, de interromper o aquecimento das peças por rasga-|mento da camada (11) que se depositou sobre a mesma» Na prática, esta rotura será provocada pela fusão com a colocação da película de suporte sob i; pressão. I: | Por isso, escolher-se-á para a pelí- !cuia um material plástico termofusível que tem um ponto de fu-! sao tal que a dilatação da película não tenha por consequência io rasgamento da camada condutora (11) senão no instante em que I a temperatura de soldadura tenha sido atingido na vizinhança da interface de junção das peças. Os estudos que poderão ser feitos até agora relativamente â união por termossoldadura de tubos e de peças de união de polietileno permitiram mostrar que as temperaturas de soldadura a atingir são da ordem de 150 a 250°c para velocidades de aquecimento da ordem de 20 a 100°c/m. SB - 9 -Escolher-se-á portanto de uma maneira geral* como película de suporte, uma película consti-i tuida a partir de um material polimérico com uma temperatura de fusão pelo menos superior a cerca de 2GÔ^C. Entre os polímeros que podem ser considerados, podem citar-se, por exemplo, o poliéster, a poliamida 6, os polímeros fluorados (por exemplo politetra-i; fluoretileno), o policarbonato cristalino, o polissulfureto : de fenileno e as poliamidas. De uma maneira geral, e pelo ! menos no caso de peças a unir feitas de polietileno, 1imitar--se-á a escolha a materiais plásticos termofusíveis com uma ií temperatura de fusão inferior a cerca de 400^C, a fim de evitar : todo risco de danificação das peças por sobresquecimento· | Além da natureza da película de suporte, a sua espessura será igualmente um elemento de jí escolha importante. Ha maior parte das aplicações,ela estará ji compreendida entre cerca de 5 e 100 micrómetros (ou sejam i; 5 a 100 « 10~6 m) e, de preferência, igual a cerca de 10 micro-metros. c) Realização dos eontaetos eléctricos I I; Para assegurar a ligação do elemento resistivo foi necessário realizar eontaetos eléctricos ohmicos na película condutora fina (11). Para isso, preYiu--se recorrer a adesivos, fitas ou depósitos metálicos, condutores eléctricos, utilizando-os de maneira a obter eontaetos eléctricos laterais, tais como se ilustram em (15) e (17) nas figuras. Orna vez realizados os eontaetos, poderão soldar-se os fios eléctricos (19) e (21) de ligação I aos terminais de ligação correspondente, j! d) Criação de uma zona fria l| Em particular no caso da união ij topo-a-topo de dois tubos através de uma manga de união (fig.l) ! mostrou-se ainda ser útil formar uma "zona fria" em frente das extremidades dos tubos enfrentados, a fim de evitar que ! no decurso do aquecimento ou da soldadura possa escoar-se - 10 - i;material em fusão para o espaço livre (e) que separa os tubos, |fazendo correr o risco de os obstruir parcíalmente. j Para isso, previu-se no exemplo ida fig. 1 dispor em superfície na camada condutora (11), uma ' barreta (37) condutora da electricidade de protecção, estendendo-se em frente do espaço (e) (fig. 1). | Para que desempenhe a sua função, i! esta barreta sera feita de um material, de preferência metali— H „ |j co, com uma temperatura de fusão superior a temperatura de fu-'i são do material plástico envolvente e dos materiais que cons-tituem a película plástica (13) e mesmo a camada condutora i| Be uma maneira geral, a espessura I da barreta estará compreendida entre 3 e 5 micrómetros» Ha base do que acaba de expor--se, diferentes trabalhos efectuados pela requerente permitiram ! definir o exempla completo (mas não limitativo) que se segue, ! que permite realizar um elemento resistivo susceptível de ser |! utilizado numa peça de ligação de polietileno para a união estanque de tubos também de polietileno. Constituição: i - Película de suportei película de poliéster II |l com cerca de 12 micrometros de espessura, |! ^ |j - Camada condutora elêctricai camada de alumínio jj de cerca de 200 A (isto e, 200 x 10 m), I: - Geometria do elemento calefactor: folha de ; 10 x 10 cm^ , com orifícios que lhe dão o aspecto de uma rede ί malhada. i - Ligações por fitas adesivas de cobre de 30 mi- | l crómetros de espessura nas quais se aplicou uma laca de prata.
- 2 - Potência de aquecimento da folhai 0,015 w/mm . Resultados Após cerca de 200 s, a temperatura máxima da camada metálica é de cerca de 200°c. 0 aquecimento é interrompido au- j tomáticamente, por rasgamento da camada metálica, ao fim de • < .1 cerca de 250 s. - 11 1 Ir: ϋ-' ,"7' ;λ | Deve ficar claro que poderia !perfeitamente, sem se sair do quadro da presente invenção, utilizar todo meio apropriado (diferente da película de material plástico) susceptível» segundo a presente invenção, de ! | provocar uma fenda na folha fina condutora, à temperatura es-colhida* Em particular seria possível, adaptando a espessura e |a natureza desta folha condutora, prescindir da utilização ij de película de polímero de suporte (13), devendo então a resis-tência (11) ser concebida para se romper por fusão a uma temperatura compreendida entre a temperatura de fusão do material plástico da união e dos elementos a unir e uma temperatura má-i xima de degradaçao destas mesmas peças* Ha pratica, constata— ij -se que a temperatura de degradação ou de rotura das cadeias moleculares que constituem uma peça é atingida quando aparecem projecções de matéria fundida e/ou desprendimento de fumos. Á ,pesença de cavidades no interior das peças e igualmente o ij sinal de uma tal degradação, tal como a constatação de uma zona fundida demasiado profunda com riscos de fuga ao nível da soldadura. ! 12 -
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8915706A FR2654977B1 (fr) | 1989-11-29 | 1989-11-29 | Procede et piece de raccordement utilisant une resistance electrique pour le soudage d'elements en matiere plastique. |
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PT96014A PT96014A (pt) | 1992-08-31 |
PT96014B true PT96014B (pt) | 1998-07-31 |
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PT96014A PT96014B (pt) | 1989-11-29 | 1990-11-28 | Processo e peca de ligacao que utilizam uma resistencia electrica para a soldadura de elementos de materia plastica |
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US (1) | US5182440A (pt) |
EP (1) | EP0430761B1 (pt) |
JP (1) | JPH03213328A (pt) |
CN (1) | CN1028161C (pt) |
AT (1) | ATE121990T1 (pt) |
CA (1) | CA2031025A1 (pt) |
DE (1) | DE69019114T2 (pt) |
FR (1) | FR2654977B1 (pt) |
MC (1) | MC2160A1 (pt) |
PT (1) | PT96014B (pt) |
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-
1989
- 1989-11-29 FR FR8915706A patent/FR2654977B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-11-20 AT AT90403271T patent/ATE121990T1/de active
- 1990-11-20 EP EP90403271A patent/EP0430761B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-11-20 DE DE69019114T patent/DE69019114T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-11-22 MC MC902158A patent/MC2160A1/xx unknown
- 1990-11-27 US US07/618,408 patent/US5182440A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-11-28 CN CN90110353A patent/CN1028161C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-11-28 PT PT96014A patent/PT96014B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-11-28 CA CA002031025A patent/CA2031025A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1990-11-29 JP JP2326085A patent/JPH03213328A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0430761B1 (fr) | 1995-05-03 |
CN1028161C (zh) | 1995-04-12 |
PT96014A (pt) | 1992-08-31 |
JPH03213328A (ja) | 1991-09-18 |
EP0430761A3 (en) | 1993-04-07 |
US5182440A (en) | 1993-01-26 |
FR2654977B1 (fr) | 1992-03-13 |
CN1052630A (zh) | 1991-07-03 |
ATE121990T1 (de) | 1995-05-15 |
DE69019114D1 (de) | 1995-06-08 |
MC2160A1 (fr) | 1992-04-09 |
DE69019114T2 (de) | 1995-08-31 |
CA2031025A1 (fr) | 1991-05-30 |
EP0430761A2 (fr) | 1991-06-05 |
FR2654977A1 (fr) | 1991-05-31 |
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