CN105247404A - 相控背光 - Google Patents

相控背光 Download PDF

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CN105247404A
CN105247404A CN201480026428.1A CN201480026428A CN105247404A CN 105247404 A CN105247404 A CN 105247404A CN 201480026428 A CN201480026428 A CN 201480026428A CN 105247404 A CN105247404 A CN 105247404A
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photoconduction
light
display
beholder
pupil
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CN105247404B (zh
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A·R·L·特拉维斯
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Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
    • G02F1/292—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection by controlled diffraction or phased-array beam steering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
    • G02F1/295—Analog deflection from or in an optical waveguide structure]
    • G02F1/2955—Analog deflection from or in an optical waveguide structure] by controlled diffraction or phased-array beam steering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/3406—Control of illumination source
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
    • H04N13/32—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using arrays of controllable light sources; using moving apertures or moving light sources
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0093—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means for monitoring data relating to the user, e.g. head-tracking, eye-tracking
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133615—Edge-illuminating devices, i.e. illuminating from the side

Abstract

本文档描述了用于实现相控背光的技术和装置。相控背光被配置成将光聚集到显示器的观看者的每个瞳孔以使得图像被显示到该观看者的每个瞳孔。相控背光可包括照明器和光导，该光导包括衍射光栅。该光导被配置成接收来自照明器的光线，并且经由衍射光栅将光线从光导中衍射出去。根据各实施例，该光导可被控制以在所述光线在该光导内被引导时更改所述光线的相位以使得经衍射的光线聚集到汇集点，该汇集点对应于该观看者的每个瞳孔在空间中的位置。

Description

相控背光
背景
显示器的背光可通过将光入射到光导中来实现，该光导浮雕有光栅以投射来自光导的平行光线来照明显示器。然而，显示器通常消耗大量电力来呈现图像以供观看，因为显示器投射来自背光的光以使观看者能够从任何位置看到图像。
概述
本文档描述了用于实现相控背光(phasecontrolbacklight)的技术和装置。相控背光被配置成将光汇集到显示器的观看者的每个瞳孔以使得图像被显示到该观看者的每个瞳孔。相控背光可包括照明器和光导，该光导包括衍射光栅(diffractiongrating)。该光导被配置成接收来自照明器的光线，并且经由衍射光栅将光线衍射出光导。根据各实施例，该光导可被控制以在所述光线在该光导内被引导时更改所述光线的相位以使得被衍射的光线聚集到汇集点，该汇集点对应于该观看者的每个瞳孔在空间中的位置。
提供本概述是为了以精简的形式介绍将在以下详细描述中进一步描述的简化概念。本发明内容并不旨在标识所要求保护的主题的必要特征，也不旨在用于帮助确定所要求保护的主题的范围。
附图简述
参考下列附图描述了用于实现相控背光的技术和装置的实施例。在各附图中，使用相同的标号来指示相同的特征和组件：
图1示出了可以在其中实现相控背光的示例环境。
图2示出了浮雕有衍射光栅的光导的示例。
图3示出了相控背光的光导的详细示例。
图4示出了相控背光的示例。
图5示出了用于控制相控背光的示例方法。
图6示出了可以在其中实现相控背光的示例设备。
详细描述
概览
本文档描述了用于实现相控背光的技术和装置。相控背光被配置成将光汇集到显示器的观看者的每个瞳孔以使得图像被显示到该观看者的每个瞳孔。相控背光可包括照明器和光导，该光导包括衍射光栅。该光导被配置成接收来自照明器的光线，并且经由衍射光栅将光线衍射出光导。根据各实施例，该光导可被控制以在所述光线在该光导内被引导时更改所述光线的相位以使得被衍射的光线聚集到汇集点，该汇集点对应于该观看者的每个瞳孔在空间中的位置。
在一些实施例中，相控背光包括照明器和光导，该光导包括在该光导内的液晶层和衍射光栅。该光导被配置成接收来自照明器的光线，并且经由衍射光栅将光线衍射出光导。该光导的液晶层被控制以更改在该光导中传播的光线的相位或方向以使得被衍射的光线聚集到汇集点。在一些实施例中，汇集点距该光导的距离可通过更改该液晶层的倾斜度(pitch)来控制。
示例环境
图1是可在其中实现相控背光(背光)的示例环境100的图示。环境100可在显示设备102中实现，该显示设备100以示例而非限制的方式被示出为智能电话104、膝上型计算机106、电视设备108、台式计算机110，或平板计算机112之一。一般而言，显示设备102可通过向观看者的每个瞳孔显示相同图像来向观看者提供二维(2D)内容，或通过向每个瞳孔显示不同图像来向观看者提供三维(3D)内容。3D内容可包括用于使得观看者能够在内容被显示时感知该内容内的深度的图像(例如，立体图像)和/或视频。
显示设备102包括处理器114和包括存储器介质118和存储介质120的计算机可读介质116。实现为计算机可读介质116上的计算机可读指令的应用程序和/或操作系统(未示出)可以由处理器114执行以提供此处所描述的功能中的一些或全部。计算机可读介质还包括相控背光控制器(控制器)122。控制器122如何实现和使用变化，且在下面更详细地描述。
显示设备102还包括相控背光(背光)124，该相控背光包括照明器126和光导128，该光导包括衍射光栅。光导128可被配置为以全内反射传送光的多面体波导。光导128被配置成接收来自照明器126的光线，并且经由衍射光栅将光线衍射出光导。如下面将更详细地描述的，控制器122可控制光导128来在光线在光导128内被引导时更改所述光线的相位以使得被衍射的光线聚集到汇集点。
作为示例而非限制，照明器126可被实现为激光器、发光二极管(LED)、紧凑圆柱荧光光源(CCFL)、或被配置成在显示设备中使用的任何其他类型的光源。在一些实施例中，照明器126可被实现为一个或多个激光器，诸如红光激光器、绿光激光器、以及蓝光激光器。红光、绿光以及蓝光激光器可以是半导体激光器，诸如低功率二极管激光器，或任何其他适当的激光器。红光、绿光和蓝光激光器可被控制器122独立偏置和调制。照明器126还可包括合并光学器件，所述合并光学器件被配置成将来自所述激光器中的每个激光器的单色发射合并以形成光束或光线。如本文所述的，术语“光线”可被用来描述照明器126所发射的“光束”或“光线”。在一些实施例中，照明器126可被控制以形成环形偏振光线。
显示设备102还包括显示器130、传感器132、输入/输出(I/O)端口134，和网络接口136。显示器130被置于背光124前方，并可被实现为高分辨率、平板电子显示器，诸如高分辨率液晶显示器(LCD)，所述显示器可被配置为全息图。当被背光124照明时，显示器130生成可由观看者观看的3D内容而无需使用专门的眼镜。显示器130可以与显示设备102分开或与显示设备102集成；集成的示例包括智能电话104、膝上型计算机106和平板计算机112；分开的示例包括电视机设备108以及(在某些情况下)台式计算机110(例如，当实现为分开的塔式机箱和监视器(被示出)时)。
传感器132收集观看者位置数据来确定观看者的每个瞳孔相对于显示器130在空间中的位置。观看者位置数据可被用来确定观看者的每个瞳孔距显示器130的距离(相对Z位置)、观看者的每个瞳孔距显示器的水平轴的距离(相对Y位置)、以及观看者的每个瞳孔距显示器130的垂直轴的距离(相对X位置)。传感器132可与显示设备102分开或与显示设备102集成；集成示例包括电视机设备108的传感器132-1和平板计算机112的传感器132-2；分开的示例包括独立传感器，诸如可操作地与显示设备102、机顶盒，或游戏设备耦合的传感器。
传感器132可通过各种传感技术，或单独工作或相互协作，来收集观看者位置数据。传感技术可包括，作为示例而不限于，光学、无线电频率、声学的(有源或无源的)、微机电系统(MEMS)、超声波、红外、压敏等等。在一些实施例中，传感器132可接收额外的数据或者与和一个或多个观看者相关联的远程控制设备或游戏控制器协同工作以生成观看者位置数据。如下面更详细地描述的，传感器132可向控制器122提供观看者位置数据以使控制器122能够控制背光124以照明显示器130以呈现汇集到一个或多个观看者的每个瞳孔的图像。
显示设备102的I/O端口134允许与其他设备、介质、或用户的交互。I/O端口134可包括各种端口，诸如作为示例而非限制，高清多媒体(HDMI)、数字视频接口(DVI)、显示端口、光纤或基于光的、音频端口(例如，模拟、光学，或数字)、USB端口、串行高级技术附件(SATA)端口、基于高速外围组件互连(PCI)的端口或卡槽、串行端口、并行端口，或其它传统端口。在至少一些实例中，2D或3D内容由显示设备102经由一个或多个I/O端口134从另一设备或源(例如，机顶盒或内容接收设备)接收。
显示设备102还可包括网络接口136，用于通过有线、无线，或光学网络来进行数据通信。通过这样的网络传递的数据可包括可通过显示器130显示或交互的2D或3D内容。作为示例而不是限制，网络接口136可以通过局域网(LAN)、无线局域网(WLAN)、个域网(PAN)、广域网(WAN)、内联网、因特网、对等网络、点对点网络、网状网络等等，传递数据。
图2示出浮雕有衍射光栅204的光导202的示例200。在此示例中，当照明器126将光线206入射到光导202中时，光线由该光导内的全内反射来引导。光导202的平行侧使得光线206的角度在每次光线从光导202的一侧反射开时保持相同。然而，每次光线206击中衍射光栅204时，衍射光栅衍射来自光导202的光线206的一部分以形成经衍射的光线208。因为光导202内部的光线204的相位或角度是不变的，所以经衍射的光线208彼此平行。
光导202可与照明器结合使用来形成可照明显示器130以创建图像以供观看的背光。然而，显示器通常消耗大量电力来呈现图像以供观看，因为显示器必须投射来自背光的所有光线以使观看者能够从任何位置观看该图像。因此，要领会，显示器130的功耗可通过将来自背光124的所有光汇集到观看者的瞳孔而被极大减小。
图3示出了相控背光124的光导128的详细示例300。在此示例中，光导128包括在该光导内的液晶层302和衍射光栅304。在一些实施例中，衍射光栅304可被浮雕在该光导的外表面上。在其他实施例中，衍射光栅304可被实现为体光栅(volumegrating)。液晶层302可位于光导128的中心平面内。在一些实施例中，光导128可通过在一对透明平板之间放置一层液晶来构建。光导128被配置成接收来自照明器126的光线306，并且经由衍射光栅304将光线308衍射出光导。照明器126可被配置为将偏振激光光线入射到光导128中的一个或多个激光器。
在一些实施例中，液晶层302的两侧均包括像素化的透明传导器，所述传导器将液晶层302配置为液晶衍射光栅，所述液晶衍射光栅能被控制以在光线306在光导128内传播时改变光线306的相位或方向。例如，在图3中，每次光线306接触液晶层302时，光线306的相位或方向被液晶层302的液晶像素改变。改变光线306的方向使得光线306以不同角度接触光导128的边，这阻止了经衍射的光线308彼此平行地从光导128衍射出去。在至少一些实施例中，层302可被实现为除液晶之外的材料。例如，层302可被实现为压电层，所述压电层能被控制以改变光线306的相位或方向。
传统衍射光栅可将光衍射到在0阶的任一侧上的若干阶中。然而，当光线306被控制器122控制为处于适当偏振状态时，液晶层302能够衍射光线306的主要部分到第一阶或相对阶中，但是光线不被分裂。注意，光线306在光导128中的方向的改变很小，这是由于以下事实：可能难以电子地配置具有比10微米小得多的像素的液晶层302。然而，当光线306在光导128内传播时，光线306的方向的改变累积，从而导致经衍射的光线308在经由衍射光栅304被从光导128衍射出去时聚集到光导128前方的汇集点310。
根据各实施例，控制器122可通过改变液晶层302的倾斜度来控制汇集点310距显示器130的距离(相对Z位置)。例如，控制器122可使得液晶层302的倾斜度从低到高改变以使得汇集点310距光导128的距离移动得更靠近或更远离该光导。控制器122还可通过控制光线306的偏振状态来控制汇集点310距显示器130的距离。例如，在光线306被配置成具有第一偏振状态时，液晶层302使得汇集点310移动得更靠近显示器130。然而，在光线306被配置成具有相对偏振状态时，液晶层302使汇集点310移动得更远离光导128。
如下面更详细地描述的，控制器122还可控制经衍射的光线308的汇集点310从一侧到另一侧移动以改变汇集点310的相对X位置，以及上下移动以改变汇集点310的相对Y位置。从而，光导128可被控制成在空间中将汇集点310定位于与观看者的瞳孔312的位置相对应的位置。
图4示出了根据各实施例的相控背光124的示例400。在示例400中，背光124包括第一光导128-1和第二光导128-2。类似于图3的光导128，光导128-1和128-2各自都被配置有液晶层，其在图3中未示出。在一些实施例中，光导128-1和128-2中的液晶层在彼此正交的方向上被像素化。此外，光导128-1和128-2分别包括衍射光栅402和404。在此示例中，衍射光栅402与第一光导128-1成45度角，而衍射光栅402与第二光导128-2平行。在一些实施例中，光导128-1和128-2可被实现在单一光导中，其中第一光导128-1构成光导128的第一部分而第二光导128-2构成光导128的第二部分。
根据各实施例，控制器122被配置成控制背光124的光导128-1和128-2以使经由衍射栅格404从第二光导128-2衍射出的经衍射的光线406聚集到对应于观看者的瞳孔410在空间中的位置的汇集点408。瞳孔410在空间中的位置可根据从传感器132接收的观看者位置数据来确定。该位置数据可包括瞳孔410距显示器130的距离(相对Z位置)、瞳孔410距显示器130的水平轴的距离(相对Y位置)、以及瞳孔410距显示器130的垂直轴的距离(相对X位置)。显示器130被置于背光124前方，并被配置成在经衍射的光线406聚集到汇集点408时将图像显示到观看者的瞳孔410(例如，2D或3D图像)。
控制器122被配置成控制第一光导128-1和第二光导128-2两者中的液晶层以使经衍射的光线406聚集到汇集点408。例如，控制器122可通过电子地改变光导128-1和128-2中的液晶层的倾斜度来控制汇集点408以移动得更靠近或更远离显示器130。这在上面关于图3更详细地描述。
在示例400中，背光124进一步包括第一重定向光学器件412和第二重定向光学器件414，其各自可被实现为扫描镜或任何其他类型的反射光的反射镜或折射结构。在一些实施例中，控制器122被配置成通过控制第一重定向光学器件412以改变由照明器126入射到第一光导128-1中的光线的入射角来从一侧到另一侧地扫描经衍射的光线406的汇集点408。从一侧到另一侧地扫描汇集点408使得控制器122能够将经衍射的光线406汇集到瞳孔410的相对X位置。
例如，当照明器126将光线入射到第一光导128-1中时，光线通过第一光导128-1并遇到第一重定向光学器件412。第一重定向光学器件412以大于全内部反射的临界角的角度将光反射回第一光导128-1。为了从一侧到另一侧地扫描该光线的输入角，控制器122控制第一重定向光学器件412以在Y轴上倾斜，这导致汇集点408从一侧移动到另一侧。
在反射离开第一重定向光学器件412之后，光线通过全内部反射传播离开第一重定向器件412并进入第一光导128-1，且每当光线遇到衍射光栅402时，光线的经衍射的分量随后从第一光导128-1朝向第二重定向光学器件414衍射出去。第二重定向光学器件414将光线的经衍射的分量反射成通过第一光导128-1并进入第二光导128-2。
在一些实施例中，控制器122被配置成通过控制第二重定向光学器件414来改变从第一光导128-1衍射出去并进入第二光导128-2的光线的经衍射分量的进入角度来上下扫描经衍射的光线406的汇集点408。上下扫描汇集点408使得控制器122能够将经衍射的光线406汇集到瞳孔410的相对Y位置。为了上下扫描光线的经衍射的分量的进入角度，控制器122使得第二重定向光学器件414在X轴上倾斜，这导致汇集点408上下移动。
要注意，控制器122能够接收来自多个不同用户的与该多个用户中的每个用户的每个瞳孔在空间中的位置相对应的观看者位置数据。控制器122随后可控制背光124来把光汇集到该多个用户的每个用户的每个瞳孔在空间中的位置以使得显示器130向该多个用户的每个用户的每个瞳孔呈现图像。
示例方法
图5是示出用于控制相控背光的示例方法500的流程图。框502接收对应于显示器的观看者的每个瞳孔在空间中的位置的观看者位置数据。例如，控制器122(图1)接收来自传感器132的对应于显示器130的观看者的每个瞳孔在空间中的位置的观看者位置数据。
框504控制照明器来将光线入射到包括衍射光栅的光导中。例如，控制器122控制照明器126以将光线入射到包括衍射光栅304的光导128中。在一些实施例中，光导128进一步包括在该光导内的液晶层302。
框506控制该光导以改变该光导内的光线的相位以使光线经由衍射光栅从该光导衍射出去并聚集到对应于该显示器的观看者的每个瞳孔在空间中的位置的汇集点。例如，控制器122控制光导128以改变该光导128内的光线的相位以使光线经由衍射光栅304从该光导128衍射出去并聚集到对应于该显示器的观看者的每个瞳孔在空间中的位置的汇集点。在一些实施例中，控制器122控制液晶层302来改变该光线的相位以使光线经由衍射栅格304从光导128衍射出去并聚集到对应于与显示器130的观看者的每个瞳孔在空间中的位置的汇集点。在经衍射的光线聚集到汇集点时，该控制使得置于该光导前方的显示器向观看者的每个瞳孔显示三维图像。
在一些实施例中，控制器122可控制汇集点距显示器130的距离，以及汇集点相对于显示器130的水平位置和垂直位置。为了控制汇集点距显示器130的距离，控制器122可电子地改变液晶层302的倾斜度。控制器122还可通过控制重定向光学器件来从一侧到另一侧地扫描汇集点来控制汇集点的水平位置，并通过控制附加的重定向光学器件来上下扫描汇集点来控制汇集点的垂直位置。
在一些实施例中，控制器122被进一步配置成接收对应于显示器130的附加观看者的每个瞳孔在空间中的附加位置的附加位置数据。控制器122随后可控制照明器126以将附加光线入射到光导128中，并控制光导128以改变该附加光线在光导128内的相位以使附加光线经由衍射光栅304从光导衍射出去并聚集到对应于显示器130的该附加观看者的每个瞳孔在空间中的附加位置的汇集点。
示例设备
图6示出了可被实现为参考图1-5来描述的任何类型的客户端、服务器、和/或显示设备来实现允许相控背光的技术的示例设备600的各个组件。在各实施例中，设备600可被实现为有线和/或无线设备、作为平板显示器的一种形式的头戴式显示设备(例如，眼镜、太阳镜等)、电视机、电视机客户端设备(例如，电视机顶盒、数字录像机(DVR)等等)、消费者设备、计算机设备、服务器设备、便携式计算机设备、用户设备、通信设备、视频处理和/或呈现设备、电器设备、游戏设备、电子设备和/或另一类型的设备之一或组合。设备600也可以与操作该设备的观看者(即，一个人或用户)和/或实体相关联，以使得设备描述包括用户、软件、固件、和/或设备的组合的逻辑器件。
设备600包括通信设备602，该通信设备602能有线和/或无线传递设备数据604(例如，接收到的数据、正在被接收的数据、被调度来进行广播的数据、数据的数据分组等等)。设备数据604或其他设备内容可包括设备的配置设置、存储在设备上的媒体内容，和/或与设备的用户相关联的信息。存储在设备600上的媒体内容可包括任何类型的音频、视频，和/或图像数据。设备600包括一个或多个数据输入606，通过这些数据输入606，可以接收任何类型的数据、媒体内容，和/或输入，如用户可选择的输入、消息、音乐、电视媒体内容、记录的视频内容，以及从任何内容和/或数据源接收到的任何其他类型的音频、视频、和/或图像数据。
设备600还包括通信接口608，其可被实现为串行和/或并行接口、无线接口、任何类型的网络接口、调制解调器、和任何其它类型的通信接口中的任一个或多个。通信接口608在设备600和通信网络之间提供连接和/或通信链路，其它电子、计算，以及通信设备可以通过该连接和/或通信链路与设备600传递数据。
设备600包括一个或多个处理器610(例如，微处理器、控制器等中的任何一个)，这些处理器处理各种计算机可执行指令，以控制设备600的操作，并允许用于实现相控背光的技术。可另选地或另外，设备600可用硬件、固件、片上系统(SoC)或结合在612处概括标识的处理和控制电路来实现的固定逻辑电路中的任何一个或其组合来实现。虽然未示出，但是，设备600可包括耦合设备内的各种组件的系统总线或数据传输系统。系统总线可以包括不同总线结构中的任一个或其组合，诸如存储器总线或存储器控制器、外围总线、通用串行总线和/或利用各种总线体系结构中的任一种的处理器或局部总线。
设备600还包括诸如一个或多个存储器设备等启用持久和/或非暂态数据存储(即，与仅仅信号传输相对比)的计算机可读介质614，存储器设备的示例包括随机存取存储器(RAM)、非易失性存储器(例如，只读存储器(ROM)、非易失性RAM(NVRAM)、闪存、EPROM、EEPROM等中的任一个或多个)、以及盘存储设备。盘存储设备可以被实现为任何类型的磁学或光学存储设备，如硬盘驱动器、可记录和/或可重写紧致盘(CD)、任何类型的数字多功能盘(DVD)等等。设备600也可以包括大容量存储媒体设备616。
计算机可读存储介质614提供数据存储机制以存储设备数据604，以及各种设备应用程序618和与设备600的各操作方面相关的任何其他类型的信息和/或数据。例如，操作系统620可以用计算机可读存储介质614作为计算机应用程序来维护并在处理器610上执行。设备应用程序618还可以包括设备管理器，诸如，控制应用程序、软件应用程序、信号处理和控制模块，特定设备所固有的代码，特定设备的硬件抽象层等等中的任何形式。
设备应用618还包括用于实现使用或启用相控背光的技术的任何系统组件或模块。在此示例中，设备应用618可包括用于控制相控背光的控制器122。
结语
本文档描述了用于实现相控背光的设备的各种设备和技术。尽管已经用对结构特征和/或方法动作专用的语言描述了本发明，但可以理解，在所附权利要求书中定义的本发明不必受所描述的这些具体特征或动作的限制。相反，具体特征和动作是作为实现要求保护的发明的示例形式来公开的。

Claims (10)

1.一种显示设备，包括：
包括照明器和光导的背光，所述光导包括在所述光导内的液晶层以及衍射光栅，所述照明器被配置成将光线入射到所述光导中，并且所述衍射光栅被配置成将光线从所述光导中衍射出去；
置于所述背光前方的显示器；
传感器，所述传感器被配置成收集观看者位置数据来确定观看者的每个瞳孔相对于所述显示器在空间中的位置；以及
控制器，所述控制器被配置成控制所述液晶层以使经衍射的光线聚集到对应于所述观看者的每个瞳孔在空间中的位置的汇集点；
所述显示器被配置成在所述经衍射的光线聚集到对应于所述观看者的每个瞳孔在空间中的位置的汇集点时向所述观看者的每个瞳孔显示图像。
2.如权利要求1所述的显示设备，其特征在于，所述控制器被进一步配置成通过电子地改变所述液晶层的倾斜度来将所述汇集点从所述显示器前后移动来控制所述汇集点距所述显示器的距离。
3.如权利要求1所述的显示设备，其特征在于，所述背光进一步包括重定向光学器件，并且其中所述控制器被进一步配置成通过控制所述重定向光学器件以改变入射所述光导的所述光线的入射角度来从一侧到另一侧地扫描所述经衍射的光线的所述汇集点。
4.如权利要求3所述的显示设备，其特征在于，所述背光进一步包括：
附加光导，所述附加光导包括在所述附加光导内的附加液晶层，以及附加衍射光栅；
附加重定向光学器件；以及
其中所述控制器被进一步配置成通过控制所述附加重定向光学器件来改变从所述光导衍射到所述附加光导的光线的入射角来上下扫描所述汇集点。
5.如权利要求4所述的显示设备，其特征在于，所述液晶层和所述附加液晶层在彼此正交的方向上被像素化。
6.如权利要求1所述的显示设备，其特征在于，所述观看者位置数据包括所述观看者的每个瞳孔距所述显示器的距离、所述观看者的每个瞳孔距所述显示器的水平轴的距离、以及所述观看者的每个瞳孔距所述显示器的垂直轴的距离。
7.一种方法，包括：
接收对应于显示器的观看者的每个瞳孔在空间中的位置的观看者位置数据；
控制照明器来将光线入射到包括衍射光栅的光导中；以及
控制所述光导以改变所述光导内的所述光线的相位以使光线经由所述衍射光栅从所述光导衍射出去并聚集到对应于所述显示器的所述观看者的每个瞳孔在空间中的位置的汇集点。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述照明器和所述光导包括背光，所述背光被配置成照明置于所述背光前方的显示器，所述显示器被配置成在所述光线从所述光导衍射出去聚集到所述汇集点时向所述观看者的每个瞳孔显示图像。
9.如权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述光导进一步包括在所述光导内的液晶层，并且其中所述控制进一步包括控制所述液晶层来改变所述光导内的所述光线的相位来使光线经由所述衍射光栅从所述光导衍射出去并聚集到对应于所述显示器的所述观看者的每个瞳孔在空间中的位置的汇集点。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述控制进一步包括通过电子地改变所述液晶层的倾斜度来控制所述汇集点距所述显示器的距离。
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