CN105247089B - 高强度热浸镀锌复相钢带材 - Google Patents
高强度热浸镀锌复相钢带材 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105247089B CN105247089B CN201480014698.0A CN201480014698A CN105247089B CN 105247089 B CN105247089 B CN 105247089B CN 201480014698 A CN201480014698 A CN 201480014698A CN 105247089 B CN105247089 B CN 105247089B
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
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- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidyneiron Chemical compound [C].[Fe] QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CADICXFYUNYKGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenemanganese Chemical compound [Mn]=S CADICXFYUNYKGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0263—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0278—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips involving a particular surface treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
- C23C2/36—Elongated material
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
- C21D1/20—Isothermal quenching, e.g. bainitic hardening
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
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- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0273—Final recrystallisation annealing
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及高强度热浸镀锌复相钢带材,该钢带材以质量百分比计由如下元素组成:0.13‑0.19%C、1.70‑2.50%Mn、最高0.15%Si、0.40‑1.00%Al、0.05‑0.25%Cr、0.01‑0.05%Nb、最高0.10%P、最高0.004%Ca、最高0.05%S、最高0.007%N,以及任选下列元素中的至少一种:最高0.50%Ti、最高0.40%V、最高0.50%Mo、最高0.50%Ni、最高0.50%Cu、最高0.005%B,余量为铁和不可避免的杂质,其中0.40%<Al+Si<1.05%且Mn+Cr>1.90%,并且该钢带材具有复相显微组织,该复相显微组织以体积百分比计包含8‑12%残余奥氏体、20‑50%贝氏体、少于10%马氏体,余量为铁素体。本发明还涉及制备所述钢带材的方法。
Description
本发明涉及例如在汽车工业中使用的具有改进的可成形性的高强度热浸镀锌复相钢带材。
通过与双相钢钢种进行比较,现有技术复相钢材已显示出由扩孔系数(HEC)和埃氏指数(EI)值所指示的改进的边缘延展性。然而,通常这种改进是以牺牲更通常的延展性参数(例如最大均匀延伸率和最大总延伸率)为代价而实现的。例如,已知的Rp0.2>580MPa的CP800钢种,具有8%的最大均匀延伸率和约10%的最大总延伸率。因此,由这样的钢种制造的成型制品(例如可通过深拉和冲压获得)的复杂性受到了限制。
因此,本发明旨在提供具有复相显微组织的高强度钢带材,其对于由这样的带材所制备的制品的形状复杂性来说显示改进的通用性。
本发明的一个目的是提供显示复相显微组织并且具有改进的延展性的高强度钢带材。
本发明的另一个目的是提供将边缘延展性性能基本保持在足够的水平下的这样的钢带材。
本发明的又一个目的是提供用于制造这样的钢带材的制造方法。
根据本发明,提供了一种高强度热浸镀锌复相钢带材,该钢带材以质量百分比计由以下元素组成:
0.13-0.19%C
1.70-2.50%Mn
最高0.15%Si
0.40-1.00%Al
0.05-0.25%Cr
0.01-0.05%Nb
最高0.10%P
最高0.004%Ca
最高0.05%S
最高0.007%N
以及任选下列元素中的至少一种:
最高0.50%Ti
最高0.40%V
最高0.50%Mo
最高0.50%Ni
最高0.50%Cu
最高0.005%B
余量为铁和不可避免的杂质,
其中0.40%<Al+Si<1.05%且Mn+Cr>1.90%,
并且该钢带材具有复相显微组织,该复相显微组织以体积百分比计包含8-12%残余奥氏体、20-50%贝氏体、少于10%马氏体,余量为铁素体。
发现根据本发明的高强度钢带材显示高强度和可成形性的组合,特别是延伸率和边缘延展性。这些有利的性质允许根据本发明的钢带材被加工成复杂成型的制品。
关于组成,发现了相对高的硅含量劣化钢带材的可加工性。通常,Si用于实现TRIP效应,这是由于Si的存在而阻碍碳化物形成,这导致碳富集,并因此导致奥氏体在室温下的稳定。Si的缺点在于处于非常高的数量(高于0.4wt.%)时,其妨碍锌的可润湿性,使得在传统的连续退火作业线上镀锌是不可能的。在现有技术例如EP 1 889 935 A1中还显示可以用相对高数量的Al来代替Si。本发明显示了通过仔细地选择Cr含量和添加Nb,可以省略Si的添加并且保持Al最少。在这种情况下,制备了带材,其具有允许较宽和较薄尺寸能力的低热轧负荷。然而,硅因为添加锰而通常以痕量存在。出于这个原因,将最大硅含量设定为0.15%Si。高于该硅量,带材热轧机中的轧制负荷高。低于0.15%的硅量使得制备宽且薄的钢带材成为可能。
此外,根据本发明的钢带材的组成使得所述钢的可成形性好,并且不会发生颈缩,并且压制部分的边缘延展性使得不会发生开裂。
对于主要组成元素的量的理由如下:
C:0.13-0.19质量%。碳必须以足够高的量存在从而保证在常规退火/镀锌作业线中可获得的冷却速率下的淬透性。游离碳还能够稳定奥氏体,该奥氏体提供改进的加工硬化潜力和对于所得的强度水平而言良好的可成形性。出于这些原因,需要0.13质量%的下限。为保证良好的可焊接性,最高碳含量为0.19质量%。
Mn:1.70-2.50质量%。添加锰以在常规连续退火/镀锌作业线的冷却速率能力范围内提高淬透性。锰还有助于固溶强化,这提高拉伸强度并强化铁素体相,由此有助于稳定残余奥氏体。锰降低了复相钢的奥氏体至铁素体转变温度范围,由此将所需的退火温度降至可在常规连续退火/镀锌作业线中易于实现的水平。出于上述原因,需要1.70质量%的下限。施加2.50质量%的最高含量以通过保证复相钢充分转变成软的转变产物(即铁素体)来保证热轧机中可接受的轧制力并且保证冷轧机中可接受的轧制力。考虑到在铸造过程中较强的偏析和在钢带材中以较高值形成马氏体带材,该最大含量也是显著的。
Al:0.40-1.00质量%。向液态钢中添加铝用于脱氧的目的。以适当的数量其还可提供贝氏体转变的加速,由此能够在常规连续退火/镀锌作业线的退火工段施加的时间限制内形成贝氏体。铝还阻碍碳化物的形成,由此使碳保留在溶体中,从而在过时效期间导致分配至奥氏体,并促进奥氏体的稳定。出于上述原因需要0.40质量%的下限。为了铸造性,施加1.00质量%的最高含量,因为高铝含量导致铸造模具渣中毒(poisoning),并因此导致模具渣粘度的提高,从而导致铸造期间不当的热传递和润滑。
Cr:0.05-0.25质量%。添加铬以提高淬透性。铬形成铁素体并抑制碳化物的形成,因此增强了残余奥氏体的形成。出于上述这些原因,需要0.05质量%的下限。最高含量为0.25质量%以保证该钢带材令人满意的酸洗,并且保持带材的成本足够低。此外,铬阻碍贝氏体转变,并且因此限制铬的添加以在等温过时效期间允许贝氏体形成。
Ca:最多0.004质量%。钙的添加改变了硫化锰夹杂物的形态。当添加钙时,该夹杂物具有球形而不是狭长形状。狭长的夹杂物,也称为串状物(stringer),可以充当弱面,沿着该弱面可发生层状撕裂和分层断裂。避免串状物有益于钢片材的成形过程(其使扩孔或凸缘拉伸成为必要)并促进各向同性的成形行为。钙处理还防止在铝脱氧钢型中形成坚硬的、有角的、磨蚀氧化铝夹杂物,而形成铝酸钙夹杂物,该铝酸钙夹杂物在轧制温度下较柔软且为球形,由此改进了该材料的加工特性。在连续铸造机器中,在熔融钢中出现的一些夹杂物具有堵塞喷嘴的倾向,导致产量的损失和成本的提高。钙处理通过促进形成不会堵塞连铸机喷嘴的低熔点物质来降低堵塞的倾向。
P:最多0.10质量%。磷妨碍碳化物的形成,并且因此钢中的一些磷是有利的。然而,磷可使钢在焊接时变脆,所以应当仔细地控制磷的量,尤其是与其它脆化元素例如硫和氮组合时。
硫和氮以少量存在,因为这些元素对于可焊接性是有害的。
为了晶粒细化和可成形性,以介于0.01和0.05质量%之间的量添加铌。铌促进输出辊道上的转变,并由此提供了较柔软且较均匀的中间产物。铌还抑制在等温过时效温度下马氏体的形成,由此促进了残余奥氏体的稳定。
主要添加任选元素以强化该钢。
除了上述给出的原因外,选择铝、铬和锰的范围使得发现合适的平衡,以便在输出辊道上实现完全转变,从而保证可冷轧的钢带材并提供能够在退火作业线中快速溶解碳以促进淬透性和适当的铁素体/贝氏体转变行为的起始结构。此外,因为铝加速贝氏体转变,而铬减缓贝氏体转变,所以介于铝和铬之间的适当平衡必须存在,以便在由具有受限制的过时效工段的常规热浸镀锌作业线所允许的时间范围内产生适当数量的贝氏体。
除了上面给出的元素的绝对含量外,某些元素的相对量也是重要的。
铝和硅一起应当保持在0.4和1.05质量%之间,以便以适当的组成保证在最终产品中抑制碳化物并稳定足够量的奥氏体,从而提供所需的可成形性扩展。
锰和铬一起应当高于1.90质量%,以保证在常规连续退火作业线和热浸镀锌作业线中用于形成马氏体的足够淬透性并且因此保证实现强度。
优选地,元素C以0.13-0.16%的量存在。在该范围内,钢的淬透性是优化的,同时钢的可焊接性得到增强。
根据优选的实施方案,元素Mn以1.95-2.40%的量、优选以1.95-2.30%的量、更优选以2.00-2.20%的量存在。较高量的锰提供具有较高强度的钢,因此将下限提高至1.95质量%或甚至是2.00质量%锰是有利的。另一方面,对于更高量的锰,钢的热轧和冷轧更加困难,因此使上限为2.40、2.30或甚至是2.20质量%锰是有利的。
优选地,元素Si以0.05-0.15%的量存在。由于Si在过时效期间保证较好地阻碍碳化物,这对于钢的可成形性是有利的,因此在钢中不反对存在一些Si。
根据优选的实施方案,其中元素Al以0.60-0.80%的量存在。提高的铝含量具有与较高量的硅相同的效果,而且还促进贝氏体形成。该钢的可铸造性的改进决定了优选的铝上限。
优选地,元素Cr以0.10-0.25%的量存在。提高的下限提高了钢的淬透性。
根据优选的实施方案,元素Nb以0.01-0.04%的量存在。如上所述,铌改进中间产物的均匀性。上限主要考虑铌的成本。
该钢优选具有至少750MPa的极限拉伸强度Rm,更优选至少780MPa的极限拉伸强度Rm。由于仔细地选择钢中存在的元素的量,可以达到该强度,同时保留常规复相钢的可成形性。
根据优选的实施方案,热浸镀锌钢带材具有至少580MPa的0.2%屈服强度Rp,优选至少600MPa的0.2%屈服强度Rp。同样地,由于仔细选择钢中存在的元素的量,可以达到该强度。
优选地,该热浸镀锌钢带材具有至少16%的总延伸率。这也是通过选择钢中存在的元素达到的高延伸率。
根据优选的实施方案,当热浸镀锌钢带材的Rm为750MPa且Rp为600MPa时,具有的扩孔系数为至少30%。如下面将解释的那样,这是良好的扩孔系数。该扩孔系数随着强度的提高而降低。
当Rm为750MPa且Rp为580MPa时,该热浸镀锌钢带材优选具有高于10.0mm的埃氏杯突指数。对于钢材的可用性而言,这是令人满意的。埃氏杯突指数随着强度的提高而降低。
根据本发明的带材优选具有120°或更大的弯曲角度||(°)和/或130°或更大的弯曲角度⊥(°)。
根据本发明热浸镀锌钢带材具有复相组织,该复相组织包含8-12%残余奥氏体、20-50%贝氏体、少于10%马氏体,余量为铁素体。如果贝氏体分数高于上限,那么对于深拉来说由铁素体产生的强化可能不足。根据本发明的热浸镀锌钢带材优选含有20-40%贝氏体。具有这样的显微组织,可达到高延伸率和高强度。
根据优选的实施方案,热浸镀锌钢带材具有的平均晶粒尺寸为至多3μm,更优选小于2μm。由于所谓的Hall-Petch效应,该小晶粒尺寸帮助实现该钢的上述力学性质。
根据本发明的第二个方面,提供了用于制备根据前述任一项权利要求的高强度热浸镀锌复相钢带材的方法,包含以下步骤:
●将钢铸造为钢坯;
●将该钢坯热轧为具有预定厚度的带材;
●使热轧的带材经受淬火至温度低于贝氏体起始温度且高于马氏体起始温度的淬火步骤;
●将如此淬火的带材卷曲;
●冷轧该带材;
●将如此处理的带材再加热至介于相应的钢的Ac1和Ac3温度之间的温度范围内的温度;
●将再加热的带材以避免转变为铁素体的速率冷却;
●将冷却的带材等温过时效;
●将如此获得的带材热浸镀锌。
在根据本发明的方法中,制备如上文所解释的根据本发明的钢组合物,然后将其铸造成坯,该坯在带材热轧机中厚度被减薄。在卷曲前,使热轧的钢带材经受淬火步骤,在该步骤中将带材以高速率(例如通常高于25℃,例如处于30-50℃/s范围,例如40℃/s)淬火至温度低于贝氏体起始温度(贝氏体开始形成的温度)且高于马氏体起始温度(马氏体开始形成的温度)。进行淬火和随后的卷曲使得避免珠光体的形成。考虑到该带材的组成和常用厚度,该温度在500-600℃范围内。获得包含细晶粒尺寸(例如小于5微米的晶粒尺寸)的铁素体作为基体具有富碳贝氏体作为第二相的中间结构,同时避免珠光体和马氏体的形成。单相贝氏体组织和/或马氏体第二相的形成都会使冷轧步骤十分困难。
避免珠光体的形成是重要的,因为珠光体影响随后步骤中的碳分布。在Ac1和Ac3温度之间的两相区(其中奥氏体与铁素体共存)进行退火时,初生奥氏体将由富碳贝氏体形成,因为其具有可用的最高碳量。所得奥氏体将具有高碳含量。在两相区中使用上述退火条件,任何残余贝氏体将保留至最终的显微组织中。认为碳在相(奥氏体/铁素体)中的分布是双峰的。由于高碳残余奥氏体的存在,强度得到了极大的增强。对于成型(例如深拉和冲压)来说,加工硬化能力优异。在根据本发明的复合显微组织中,单个相的强度彼此更加均匀地匹配,由此避免了边缘开裂的风险,特别是当使边缘经受拉伸时。由于淬火步骤,碳将更加均匀地分布在显微组织中,导致具有较低碳含量的残余奥氏体。可以通过对过时效参数的选择来避免马氏体的形成。由于中间产物具有小的晶粒尺寸,且在避免了晶粒生长和贝氏体的溶解下进行工艺,因此最终产物也将具有小的晶粒尺寸。
在该方法中,选择热轧期间的变形工艺制度、精轧温度以便获得热轧产品中的显微组织,所述显微组织有助于在冷轧机中厚度进一步的减小。可以特别关注对热轧带材的强度进行限制,从而使所需的冷轧负荷最小化。可选择退火作业线中的温度使得钢带材含有铁素体和奥氏体,同时避免预先存在的贝氏体的溶解和生长。冷却速率应当使得原则上不形成铁素体,并且施加等温过时效以通过新贝氏体的形成来促进奥氏体的富集。可以以通常的方式进行热浸镀锌。在该方法期间,为了在最终产物中实现强度和延展性之间的所需平衡,大多数步骤的温度和持续时间是关键的。
优选地,将在介于750℃和850℃之间的温度下、并且更优选在介于780℃和820℃之间的温度下、最优选在780-800℃范围内进行退火。在这些温度下,钢带材含有铁素体和奥氏体两者。使用上述温度时,通常进行退火最多2分钟,优选少于一分钟。
优选地,在介于360℃和480℃之间的温度下、更优选在360-430℃范围内施加过时效,有利地持续时间最多10分钟,优选范围为30s至120s。
如本领域的技术人员已知的那样,铁-碳共析体系具有如下所定义的多个临界转变温度。这些温度取决于化学组成和加工条件:
A1-低于该温度,显微组织由铁素体(α-Fe)和Fe3C的混合物组成;
A2-居里温度:高于该温度,材料不再为磁性的;
A3-高于该温度,显微组织完全由奥氏体构成;
后缀c和r分别表示在加热和冷却循环中的转变。
以下将对本发明进行阐述;将关于首先阐述的一些众所周知的可成形性参数,对多种组成进行评估。
n-值:加工硬化系数或n-值与均匀延伸率紧密相关。在大多数片材成形过程中,可成形性的极限由对局部减薄或“颈缩”的耐受性决定。在单轴拉伸测试中颈缩开始于均匀伸长的范围(at the extent of uniform elongation)。来自于拉伸测试的n-值和均匀延伸率可以用作片钢的可成形性的量度。当目的在于改进带钢的可成形性时,n-值和均匀延伸率代表了最合适的优化参数。
扩孔系数(HEC):为了成功地应用于工业冲压操作,片材金属必须具有一定的承受其剪切边缘拉伸的能力。根据国际技术规范ISO/TS 16630对此进行测试。在尺寸为90×90mm的测试件的中心制备直径为10mm的孔。将具有60°顶角的40mm直径的锥形冲头压入所述孔中,同时用内径为55mm的模具将工件固定。当有裂纹延伸穿过测试件的厚度时,测量孔的直径。最大HEC由下式决定:最大HEC%=((Dh-Do)/Do)×100,其中Do是原始的孔直径,且Dh是开裂后孔的直径。在最大HEC基础上评估可拉伸卷边性(stretch flangeability),并且当HEC>25%时,认为其是令人满意的。
埃氏指数(EI):埃氏测试描述了金属在拉伸成形时经历塑性变形的能力,并且根据国际标准测试ISO 20482:2003进行测试。将半球冲头冲入完全被夹持的片材中。出于润滑,在冲头的顶部使用石墨润滑脂。当检测到贯穿厚度的裂纹时,停止冲头移动。由于摩擦,断裂不在冲头的顶部,而是在侧部,因此并不是等双轴应变而是更接近平面应变。测量冲头穿透的深度。埃氏杯突指数(IE)的值是最少三次独立测量的平均值,以毫米表示,并且对于本发明而言当EI>10mm时认为是令人满意的。
根据ISO7438-05进行三点弯曲测试。弯曲测试由通过单轴弯曲使测试件发生塑性变形,直至达到指定的弯曲角度或直至发生开裂,开裂可以通过目视或因力下降而被检测到。当需要最小弯曲角度时,则进行测试直到指定的最小角度,然后关于开裂和/或失效检查测试件。当没有指定弯曲角度时,进行弯曲测试直至经历力的预定降低。然后通过弯曲冲头行程来计算最大力下的弯曲角度,如VDA规范238-100的附录A中概述的那样。
本发明的目的之一是提供一种在800MPa CP热浸镀锌钢带材的范围内具有边缘延展性的高强度热浸镀锌钢带材,但具有改进的延展性性质。
在开发根据本发明的高强度热浸镀锌钢带材期间,连同对比例一起制备了多个带材卷。在表1中列出了不同合金的化学组成以及加工条件。在表2中给出了所得的显微组织和力学性质。在表2中RA表示残余奥氏体,M表示马氏体,B代表贝氏体,F表示铁素体。
准备具有如所示的组成的合金,铸造并在热轧机中热轧成具有预定厚度(介于3和4mm之间)的带材。将热轧带材以50℃/s的淬火速率淬火,然后在表1中所示的低于贝氏体起始温度(Bs;约600℃)的温度下卷曲。然后将带材退火,并随后在所示温度下过时效。
表1
*=根据本发明
表2
合金C和F具有根据本发明的化学组成。合金组合物A、D、E和G主要区别在于化学组成中Cr和/或Si的含量。根据本发明加工合金C4-5和F3-6,导致有利的一组性质:Rp>600MPa,Rm>780MPa,Ag>13%,A80>16%,并且其中可获得的数据HEC>30%,弯曲角度||>120°,弯曲角度⊥>130°。
Claims (25)
1.高强度热浸镀锌复相钢带材,以质量百分比计由以下元素组成:
0.13-0.19%C
1.70-2.50%Mn
最高0.15%Si
0.40-1.00%Al
0.05-0.25%Cr
0.01-0.05%Nb
最高0.10%P
最高0.004%Ca
最高0.05%S
最高0.007%N
以及任选下列元素中的至少一种:
最高0.50%Ti
最高0.40%V
最高0.50%Mo
最高0.50%Ni
最高0.50%Cu
最高0.005%B
余量为铁和不可避免的杂质,
其中0.40%<Al+Si<1.05%且Mn+Cr>1.90%,
并且该钢带材具有复相显微组织,该复相显微组织以体积百分比计包含8-12%残余奥氏体、20-50%贝氏体、少于10%马氏体,余量为铁素体。
2.根据权利要求1的钢带材,其中元素C以0.13-0.16%的量存在。
3.根据权利要求1或2的钢带材,其中元素Mn以1.95-2.40%的量存在。
4.根据权利要求1或2的钢带材,其中元素Mn以1.95-2.30%的量存在。
5.根据权利要求1或2的钢带材,其中元素Mn以2.00-2.20%的量存在。
6.根据权利要求1或2的钢带材,其中元素Si以0.05-0.15%的量存在。
7.根据权利要求1或2的钢带材,其中元素Al以0.60-0.80%的量存在。
8.根据权利要求1或2的钢带材,其中元素Cr以0.10-0.25%的量存在。
9.根据权利要求1或2的钢带材,其中元素Nb以0.01-0.04%的量存在。
10.根据权利要求1或2的钢带材,其中热浸镀锌钢带材的复相显微组织含有20-40%贝氏体。
11.根据权利要求1或2的钢带材,其中热浸镀锌钢带材具有的平均铁素体晶粒尺寸为至多3μm。
12.根据权利要求1或2的钢带材,其中热浸镀锌钢带材具有的平均铁素体晶粒尺寸为2μm或更小。
13.用于制备根据权利要求1-12中任一项的高强度热浸镀锌复相钢带材的方法,包含以下步骤:
●将钢铸造为钢坯;
●将该钢坯热轧为具有预定厚度的带材;
●使热轧的钢带材经受淬火至温度低于贝氏体起始温度且高于马氏体起始温度的淬火步骤;
●将如此淬火的带材卷曲;
●冷轧该带材;
●将如此处理的带材再加热至介于相应的钢的Ac1和Ac3温度之间的温度范围内的温度;
●将再加热的带材以避免转变为铁素体的冷却速率冷却;
●将冷却的带材等温过时效;
●将如此获得的带材热浸镀锌。
14.根据权利要求13的方法,其中淬火步骤包括将热轧钢带材淬火至500-600℃范围内的温度。
15.根据权利要求13的方法,其中淬火步骤包括将热轧钢带材淬火至500-600℃范围内的温度,淬火速率为至少25℃/分钟。
16.根据权利要求13-15中任一项的方法,其中在介于750℃和850℃之间的温度下施加退火。
17.根据权利要求13-15中任一项的方法,其中在介于780℃和820℃之间的温度下施加退火。
18.根据权利要求13-15中任一项的方法,其中在780-800℃范围内的温度下施加退火。
19.根据权利要求13-15中任一项的方法,其中对带材进行退火最多2分钟。
20.根据权利要求13-15中任一项的方法,其中对带材进行退火少于一分钟。
21.根据权利要求13-15中任一项的方法,其中再加热的带材的淬火速率为至少25℃/分钟。
22.根据权利要求13-15中任一项的方法,其中在介于360℃和480℃之间的温度下施加过时效,持续10分钟的时间段。
23.根据权利要求13-15中任一项的方法,其中在介于360℃和480℃之间的温度下施加过时效,持续30s至120s。
24.根据权利要求13-15中任一项的方法,其中在360-430℃范围内的温度下施加过时效,持续10分钟的时间段。
25.根据权利要求13-15中任一项的方法,其中在360-430℃范围内的温度下施加过时效,持续30s至120s。
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DE102014017274A1 (de) * | 2014-11-18 | 2016-05-19 | Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh | Höchstfester lufthärtender Mehrphasenstahl mit hervorragenden Verarbeitungseigenschaften und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bandes aus diesem Stahl |
JP6282576B2 (ja) * | 2014-11-21 | 2018-02-21 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 高強度高延性鋼板 |
KR20180025852A (ko) * | 2015-07-01 | 2018-03-09 | 타타 스틸 이즈무이덴 베.뷔. | 고강도 용융 침지 아연도금 강 스트립 |
CA3006405A1 (en) | 2015-12-15 | 2017-06-22 | Tata Steel Ijmuiden B.V. | High strength hot dip galvanised steel strip |
WO2017109538A1 (en) | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-29 | Arcelormittal | Method for producing a steel sheet having improved strength, ductility and formability |
WO2020058330A1 (de) * | 2018-09-19 | 2020-03-26 | Sms Group Gmbh | Hochfester mehrphasenstahl, stahlband aus diesem stahl sowie verfahren zur herstellung eines stahlbandes |
ES2929345T3 (es) * | 2019-02-18 | 2022-11-28 | Tata Steel Ijmuiden Bv | Acero de alta resistencia con propiedades mecánicas mejoradas |
WO2020245627A1 (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2020-12-10 | Arcelormittal | Cold rolled and coated steel sheet and a method of manufacturing thereof |
WO2020245626A1 (en) | 2019-06-03 | 2020-12-10 | Arcelormittal | Cold rolled and coated steel sheet and a method of manufacturing thereof |
CN110724877B (zh) * | 2019-10-30 | 2021-05-28 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | 一种汽车用1180MPa级高塑性贝氏体复相钢板及其制备方法 |
JP2023506477A (ja) | 2019-12-13 | 2023-02-16 | アルセロールミタル | 熱処理された冷間圧延鋼板及びその製造方法 |
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