CN105218813A - 二酸酐与聚酰亚胺 - Google Patents

二酸酐与聚酰亚胺 Download PDF

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CN105218813A
CN105218813A CN201510281738.4A CN201510281738A CN105218813A CN 105218813 A CN105218813 A CN 105218813A CN 201510281738 A CN201510281738 A CN 201510281738A CN 105218813 A CN105218813 A CN 105218813A
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dicarboxylic anhydride
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陈威宏
杨博仁
林志祥
陈孟歆
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    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G73/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/06Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G73/10Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • C08G73/1067Wholly aromatic polyimides, i.e. having both tetracarboxylic and diamino moieties aromatically bound
    • C08G73/1071Wholly aromatic polyimides containing oxygen in the form of ether bonds in the main chain
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    • C07D307/77Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D307/87Benzo [c] furans; Hydrogenated benzo [c] furans
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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    • C07D407/14Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00 containing three or more hetero rings
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    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C08G73/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/06Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G73/10Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • C08G73/1085Polyimides with diamino moieties or tetracarboxylic segments containing heterocyclic moieties
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    • C08G73/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/06Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G73/10Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • C08G73/16Polyester-imides

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Abstract

本发明提供的二酸酐,其结构为:其中Ar是含芴基的基团。上述二酸酐可与二胺聚合形成聚酰亚胺,其重复单元为

Description

二酸酐与聚酰亚胺
技术领域
本发明涉及聚酰亚胺,更特别地涉及其二酸酐单体。
背景技术
一般的聚酰亚胺(polyimide,PI)具有优异的耐热性、耐化学药品、良好的机械强度和电气绝缘等性能。PI为高性能高分子材料,已广泛应用于航空与微机电子等高科技领域。PI通常不溶于常见溶剂,因为其芳香环和亚胺基等非极性基团的存在,导致PI分子链之间的作用力较强,使PI分子链堆积较紧密而难以加工,限制其在某些领域的应用。因此而发展热可塑性聚酰亚胺(thermoplasticpolyimide,TPI)。为了使PI可溶或可熔加工,其单体结构决定PI的性能。TPI常导入柔软的基团,但后续PI加工常需在高温下进行,可能导致其结构和热性能发生变化,从而降低高分子耐热性并影响其使用性。
综上所述,目前亟需新的PI单体以同时达到热可塑性与耐热性的产品需求。
发明内容
本发明一实施例提供的二酸酐,其结构为:
其中Ar是含芴基的基团。
本发明一实施例提供的聚亚酰胺,其重复单元为:
其中Ar是含芴基的基团,且n是介于1至5之间的正整数。
具体实施方式
本发明一实施例提供的二酸酐,其结构为式1。
在式1中,Ar是含芴基的基团。举例来说,Ar的结构可为式2、式3、式4或其他含芴基的基团。
上述二酸酐可用以与二胺反应形成PI,但不限于此。举例来说,二酸酐也可以与二醇反应形成聚酯。若是与二胺反应形成PI,二胺可以具有软性基团(如苯醚基),其结构可为式5:
在式5中,n为介于1至5之间的正整数。在本发明一实施例中,n为1或2。若n的数目过小(比如0),则可能降低PI的分子链的可挠性,并降低PI产物的可加工性。若n的数目过大,则可能会降低PI的耐热性质。
上述二酸酐与二胺的反应如式6所示。在式6中,m为重复数目。在本发明一实施例中,反应中二酸酐与二胺在溶剂中的起始固含量介于15wt%至30wt%之间。若固含量过低,则降低分子碰撞频率,反应不易进行,聚合度过低。若固含量过高,则溶液粘度过高,不易均匀搅拌。形成PI的反应主要分为两段,前段开环反应温度介于0~25℃(室温)之间,而后段闭环反应温度介于180~210℃之间。式6的产物即PI,其重均分子量为20000~80000。若PI的重均分子量过高,则对于溶剂溶解度下降,不利用后段成膜工艺的应用。若PI的重均分子量过低,则不易成膜,膜性质不佳。
在本发明一实施例中,可先将PI熔融制备成厚膜后,再进行MD及TD方向的拉伸以得薄膜。通过调控拉伸温度/倍率/速率,及热定型温度/时间的调控,薄膜耐热性≥310℃,且热膨胀系数(CTE,ppm/℃)在MD/TD两种方向的比值≤20/10。由此可知,上述PI兼具耐热性(高热分解温度与高玻璃转换温度)与良好的热加工性质。
为了让本发明的上述和其他目的、特征和优点能更明显易懂,下文特举数实施例,作详细说明如下:
实施例
在下述实施例中,PI的重均分子量测量采用凝胶渗透色谱仪(GelPermeationChromatography)。PI的分子量分布分析采用折光率检测仪(RIDetector,仪器型号JascoPU2089),其溶剂系统为二氯甲烷,且标准品为聚苯乙烯(购自力行科技有限公司的ViscotekPolyCAL标准品)。
实施例1(苯基芴单体合成)
将1,2,4-偏苯三酸酐酰氯(120毫摩尔)溶解在60毫升无水THF中。将双酚芴(60毫摩尔)和吡啶(14.5毫升)溶解在100毫升无水THF中,随后慢慢滴加至氮气下的1,2,4-偏苯三酸酐酰氯溶液里,并在40℃下反应12小时。接着过滤反应结果以去除盐类,再浓缩滤液以得固体。以正己烷洗涤固体,并用醋酸酐再结晶二次后,可得白色固体产物(产率75%),其氢谱如下:1HNMR(CDCl3,400MHz,ppm):8.77(s,2H),8.69(d,2H),8.14(d,2H),7.82(d,2H),7.43(m,4H)。上述反应如式7所示。
实施例2(萘基芴单体合成)
合成化合物I:将芴(0.54摩尔)、2-萘酚(1.2摩尔)、3-硫醇丙酸(0.0377摩尔)和300毫升甲苯加入1升反应瓶后,再将10克硫酸慢慢滴入反应瓶中,之后加热至80℃并在80℃反应10小时。接着向反应产物中加入100克甲苯和30克水,再以10%氢氧化钠水溶液将pH调节至7左右,过滤后取滤饼。水洗5次滤饼后,干燥滤饼后再以石油醚再结晶二次,即可得白色固体化合物I(产率78%)。白色固体化合物I的氢谱如下:1HNMR(CDCl3,400MHz,ppm):7.94(d,2H),7.62(m,8H),7.37(m,6H),7.10(m,4H)。上述反应如式8所示。
氯反应以得到白色固体(产率82%),其氢谱如下:1HNMR(CDCl3,400MHz,ppm):8.82(s,2H),8.69(m,4H),7.96(d,2H),7.65(m,8H),7.40(m,6H),7.15(m,4H)。上述反应如式9所示。
实施例3(螺环基芴单体合成)
合成化合物II:混合9-芴酮(60毫摩尔)、1,3-苯二醇(240毫摩尔)和氯化锌(27.01毫摩尔),加热至140℃后在140℃下维持3小时,在熔融状态下慢慢加入150毫升浓盐酸后回流2小时。随后倒入1升冰水中再沉淀。过滤后取滤饼,以正己烷冲洗滤饼后以石油醚再结晶二次,即可得到白色固体化合物II(产率70%),其氢谱如下:1HNMR(CDCl3,400MHz,ppm):7.90(d,2H),7.42(dd,2H),7.23(dd,2H),7.08(d,2H),6.68(d,2H),6.31(d,2H),6.13(d,2H)。上述反应如式10所示。
接着以类似实施例1的反应步骤,取化合物II与1,2,4-偏苯三酸酐酰氯反应以得到白色固体(产率82%),其氢谱如下:1HNMR(CDCl3,400MHz,ppm):8.80(s,2H),8.65(m,4H),7.90(d,2H),7.45(dd,2H),7.26(dd,2H),7.18(d,2H),6.67(d,2H),6.33(d,2H),6.15(d,2H)。上述反应如式11所示。
实施例4(TPI高分子合成)
将实施例1合成的苯芴单体(10毫摩尔)溶解于NMP中,随后加入4,4′-二胺基二苯醚(10毫摩尔),并调整上述液体的固含量为30%。接着在氮气及室温下反应24小时后,再加入适量甲苯并加热至200℃并在200℃下反应12小时。上述反应搭配Dean-Starktrap装置,以在反应中逐渐移除甲苯和水。反应后降至室温,再将反应结果倒入甲醇中以沉淀析出固体。过滤后干燥滤饼,再将滤饼溶于少量NMP中,再加入甲醇以再沉淀固体。过滤后保留滤饼。干燥后即可得到淡黄色固体(产率95%),其氢谱如下:1HNMR(CDCl3,400MHz,ppm):8.72(s,2H),8.60(d,2H),8.08(d,2H),7.81(d,2H),7.53-7.31(m,14H),7.25-7.10(m,8H)。上述反应如式12所示,m为重复数目。上述产物即PI,其重均分子量为73260,分子量分布为88172~59603。上述PI的热分解温度为471℃,属于耐热材料。上述PI的Tg为296℃。在双轴拉伸PI后(拉伸倍率:3倍,拉伸温度:300℃),其Tg为308℃。由上述可知,上述PI兼具耐热性与良好的热加工性质。
实施例5
与实施例4类似,差别在于将实施例1的苯芴单体置换为苯萘单体。至于其他反应物与工艺参数均与实施例4类似。实施例5的反应如式13所示,m为重复数目。上述产物即PI,其重均分子量为64110,分子量分布为78311~51023。上述PI的热分解温度为485℃,属于耐热材料。上述PI的Tg为302℃。在双轴拉伸PI后(拉伸倍率:3倍,拉伸温度:305℃),其Tg为315℃。由上述可知,上述PI兼具耐热性与良好的热加工性质。
实施例6
与实施例4类似,差别在于将实施例1的苯芴单体置换为苯萘单体。至于其他反应物与工艺参数均与实施例4类似。实施例6的反应如式14所示,m为重复数目。上述产物即PI,其重均分子量为43840,分子量分布为55631~32008。上述PI的热分解温度为481℃,属于耐热材料。上述PI的Tg为311℃。在双轴拉伸PI后(拉伸倍率:3倍,拉伸温度:315℃),其Tg为319℃。由上述可知,上述PI兼具耐热性与良好的热加工性质。
以上所述的具体实施例,对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明,应理解的是,以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种二酸酐,其结构为:
其中Ar是含芴基的基团。
2.如权利要求1所述的二酸酐,其中Ar的结构为:
3.如权利要求1所述的二酸酐,其中Ar的结构为:
4.如权利要求1所述的二酸酐,其中Ar的结构为:
5.一种聚亚酰胺,其重复单元为:
其中Ar是含芴基的基团,且n是介于1至5之间的正整数。
6.如权利要求5所述的聚亚酰胺,其中Ar的结构为:
7.如权利要求5所述的聚亚酰胺,其中Ar的结构为:
8.如权利要求5所述的聚亚酰胺,其中Ar的结构为:
9.如权利要求5所述的聚亚酰胺,其中n为1或2。
10.如权利要求5所述的聚亚酰胺,其重均分子量介于20000~80000之间。
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