CN105210950B - A kind of artificial culturing method of sturgeon - Google Patents
A kind of artificial culturing method of sturgeon Download PDFInfo
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- CN105210950B CN105210950B CN201510702051.3A CN201510702051A CN105210950B CN 105210950 B CN105210950 B CN 105210950B CN 201510702051 A CN201510702051 A CN 201510702051A CN 105210950 B CN105210950 B CN 105210950B
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- 241000881711 Acipenser sturio Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
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- 230000017448 oviposition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 230000032696 parturition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 230000026109 gonad development Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxomagnesium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000252335 Acipenser Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000001553 Betula platyphylla Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001313086 Betula platyphylla Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000556189 Huso Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 235000015177 dried meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 208000005687 scabies Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 235000020994 smoked meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of artificial culturing method of sturgeon, belongs to the artificial breeding of fish, comprising the following steps: the selection and proportion of A, parent population；B, temperature environment controls when the parent population 3-6 age；C, it hastens parturition；D, ovum and fertilization are adopted；E, unsticking；F, hatch.The present invention uses the early intervention culture of parent population, reduce parent population individual sex differernce, meanwhile the 3rd to the 6th year temperature control, guarantee parent population property glandular development completely, fish-egg quality it is high, under the conditions of equivalent technology, in the case that the rate of fertilization of parent population oviposition by above-mentioned cultivation is increased to 95% or more, and parent population is intervened in advance, directly hatching success is promoted from the 95% of the prior art to 99% or more, breeding method disclosed in this invention simply easily realizes there is higher marketing and application value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the artificial breeding of fish, and in particular to a kind of artificial culturing method of sturgeon.
Background technique
Sturgeon (Sturgeon), Gu Cheng Xun fish belong to Chordata animal.Body is 0.5-7 meters long, is existing fish in the world
A kind of fish that the middle bodily form is big, the service life is long, most ancient have more than 200,000,000 years history, originating from the Cretaceous period before 1 years so far
Period is known as the title of " panda in water " and " living fossil in water ", is existing ancient biotic population.
Sturgeon can be used as ornamental fish raising with its peculiar bodily form, and the head of sturgeon is in plow-shape, and mouth is the next, the askew shape of tail, body back 5
Row bone plate.Its juvenile fish and adult fish have ornamental value, and wherein Amur Sturgeon (being distributed in Heilungkiang) is from after artificial propagation success, children
Fish formally carries out artificial feeding as ornamental fish.Most kinds of common individual is all at tens kilograms to hundreds of kilograms, European huso sturgeon
Maximum 1600 kilograms of individual, maximum 600 kilograms of the individual of China mandarin sturgeon.
It is liked with its delicious meat by the majority of consumers in addition, meeting the sturgeon of the artificial breeding of national permissive condition
Love.Sturgeon is the fabulous large-scale economic fish of edible value.Whole body other parts (containing bone) in addition to body surface bone plate are all edible,
Nutritive value is high, is listed in high tonic.
It is exactly the favorite food of ancients that sturgeons is early.As land pearl not exactly round in shape " Book of Songs defends the large people of wind " dredges: " (huso sturgeon i.e. sturgeon) big person is over thousands of
Jin, can Zheng Wei Meat-broth, and can fry, roe can be sauce." " Compendium of Materia Medica sturgeon " cloud: " " its rouge is alternate with sarcocyte layer, yellowish pink is white,
Rouge color Huang such as wax.Its spine and nose, and fin and the gill, it is all crisp soft edible.Its tripe and young salt hiding are also good.Its fish glue can also make glue.Its meat
Bone boils toast and makees fried all beautiful." now the caviar that enjoys high reputation in the world in America and Europe be state banquet treasure, be known as " emerald " it
Claim.Sturgeon smoked meat, fresh meat, fish glue etc. sell well, and supply falls short of demand.It is enjoyed great prestige already on both sides of the Changjiang River in Ancient Times in China.
Sturgeons has made medicinal in ancient times." Compendium of Materia Medica sturgeon " quotes from old Chen Cangqi language cloud: " its liver cures mainly malignant sore scabies
Tinea is not processed with salt and is eaten ", and cloud is quoted under " sturgeon " item: " its meat, which is mended, considers QI invigorating, keeps fit and healthy, and liquor drink controls blood strangury；Its nose
Meat makees dried meat and mends the lower gas of worry；Its seed such as red bean, the bodybuilding of food kill small worm in abdomen." being detected according to Chinese Academy of Sciences ocean: muscle contains
Have more than ten kinds of amino acid needed by human, fat containing 12.5% " DHA " and " EPA " (also known as docosapentaenoic acid), to softening heart and brain blood
Pipe promotes brain development, improves IQ, and prevention senile dementia has good effect；Cartilage and marrow (being commonly called as " rail ")
There is anticancer factor, can be completely directly edible, it is known as saying for " shark fin, sturgeon bone ".
Because of sturgeon rareness, slowly, the parent population that can ovulate of maturation at least needs 6 years or more for parent population growth, the culture of parent population compared with
Difficulty, and the culture of parent population also wastes a large amount of time if it fails, then not only cause biggish economic loss, it is existing
The artificial culture of sturgeon is mostly cultivated with pond, cages in reservoir formula in technology, although the artificial culture time is longer, still it can go out
Existing following problems: the gonad development of parent population is abnormal: being embodied in the parent population age has entered breeding period and individual very great Fu
It closes and requires, but sexual gland very little, do not have maturation.There are also another problem is that parent population can normal spawning, but after fertilization is in hatching process
Arrest of development death or the fish-egg hatched are baffled explosive dead in yolk bag absorption process.Applicant is by a large amount of test
The study found that same other conditions, but in the case where different water temperatures, the above problem severity of the above-mentioned artificial culture of sturgeon is not
One.
Summary of the invention
To solve in the prior art, the gonad development of sturgeon is abnormal and baffled explosive dead technical problem, this hair
It is bright to provide a kind of development natural rate of interest that sturgeon parent population can be improved, and the artificial training of sturgeon hatching survival rate can be significantly improved
Educate method.
A kind of artificial culturing method of sturgeon, comprising the following steps:
A, the selection and proportion of parent population: female chooses 2-3 age parent population；Male chooses 3-4 age parent population；Female male parent population
Choose abdomen and the roomy strong person of tail fin；Quantitative proportion is that 2 to 3 female parent populations match 1 male parent population；
B, temperature environment controls when the parent population 3-6 age: 9 to 12 articles of parent populations, which are co-located in same pond, after parent population is chosen trains
Educate, the cultivation temperature of the 3 to 6th age of manual control Various Seasonal, winter is minimum and maximum temperature control 9-11 DEG C, summer most
The control of low and maximum temperature is at 18-20 DEG C；
C, it hastens parturition: after parent population is mature, dividing pond；Female, which is divided 2-4 times, injects injection of hastening parturition；
D, adopt ovum and fertilization: extrusion acquires milter sperm respectively；Method of cutting open the belly acquires ovum；Different milter sperms are placed in
Stirring, semidry method artificial insemination are diluted in 14-16 DEG C of sterile water；
E, unsticking: talcum powder solution unsticking；
F, hatch: fertilized fish roe being placed in 18-22 DEG C of flowing water and hatched.
To make the method disclosed in the present is more convenient to be easily achieved, now further illustrate as follows:
In step A, under conditions of same ratio, with 6-9 item female parent population to 3 male parent populations with batch rate of fertilization cultivated
Highest.Male parent population and the ratio of 6-9 item female parent population are obtained by experiment repeatedly.Experiment separately designs to compare on an equal basis
In the case where the female and male parent population of example, the fertilized eggs mixing of 1 male parent population, the fertilized eggs mixing of 2 male parent populations, 3
The fertilized eggs mixing of the fertilized eggs of male parent population, 4 male parent populations, is respectively applied to be fertilized to fish-egg in step D, often
Amount to test 5 times in the case of kind, under all kinds of square ones, 5 test results are excluded to be fertilized respectively the peak of ratio and minimum
Value, then 1,2,3,4, under male parent population sperm admixture, average rate of fertilization is respectively 85%, 92%, 99%, 80%.
The parent fish rearing temperature control at the 3 to 6th age in step B can significantly improve the gonad development of parent population and make
The egg laying amount of female parent population obviously increases, and about in same batch of test of egg laying amount, designs 4 groups of parent populations altogether, is 8 female parents
Fish, 3 male parent populations, first group of Guiyang City, Guizhou Lake Baihua spring source, (the cultivation temperature difference in summer in winter is smaller, temperature for natural temperature
Section is substantially 12-16 DEG C): total oviposition 700,000；Second group uses Guizhou Lake Baihua lake water, and natural temperature be (summer in winter
It is slightly larger to cultivate the temperature difference, substantially 11-18 DEG C): total oviposition 790,000；Third group uses Guizhou all sorts of flowers lake water, manual intervention
Temperature, temperature range are 16-20 DEG C: total oviposition: 480,000；4th group uses Guizhou all sorts of flowers lake water, manual intervention temperature, temperature
Spending section is 9-20 DEG C: total oviposition: 1,100,000.And the oviposition quantity for the sturgeon for normally having data that can look into is about 9-12 ten thousand
Grain/item.By manual control temperature, then the oviposition quantity of sturgeon obviously rises.
Incubation step in step F of the present invention is hatched in the flowing water, and the prior art, which mostly uses, to be dialled egg apparatus auxiliary and incubate
Change, but dial egg apparatus and will cause the rupture of fish-egg sometimes, to guarantee going on smoothly for hatching, the further technical solution of the present invention
It is that fertilized eggs are placed among screened hour, then, stirring for opposite direction is imposed simultaneously respectively to the lateral surface of the opposite surface of sieve
The agitation to fish-egg is realized in power, timing.
Injection of hastening parturition described in step C selects LRH-A, and every female sturgeon injection accumulated dose is 50 micro- g kgs
Ratio injects the 10% of accumulated dose for the first time, and milter dosage is the 60% of female parent population dosage.
The study found that milter takes smart activity higher than the spermatozoon activity of subsequent acquirement for the first time；The device for testing ovulation date of female parent population
Be not determine, so, in the case where a plurality of male, taking in ovum fertilization process each time, a male sturgeon is first
Secondary to take essence, then the success rate being fertilized can further improve.
The sturgeon cultivation in Guizhou has its unique advantage, because its weather is cool in summer and warm in winter, and cultivates mountain spring used in sturgeon
Water, then its content of mineral substances is above the water source in other areas, and water temperature is then relatively suitble to cold water fish between 12-16 DEG C
Cultivation, the meat for the sturgeon cultivated is more careful, close, fresh and tender, in the case that four times, hundred people/tests are tasted, equally
Processing method, the sturgeon of the sturgeon of Guangdong artificial culture, the sturgeon of Zhejiang artificial culture, Beijing artificial culture is carried out without mark
After the trial test of knowledge, statistics is obtained, the sturgeon mouthfeel mouth in Guizhou becomes the champion of mouthfeel, taste with 77% poll.
Guizhou, by but must control with temperature in the cultivating process of parent population, it can further obtain higher oviposition
Quantity and rate of fertilization.
The present invention uses the early intervention culture of parent population, reduces parent population individual sex differernce, meanwhile, the temperature at the 3rd to the 6th age
Degree control guarantees that parent population property glandular development is complete, fish-egg quality is high, and under the conditions of equivalent technology, the parent population by above-mentioned cultivation is produced
In the case that the rate of fertilization of ovum is increased to 95% or more, and parent population is intervened in advance, directly by hatching success from the prior art
95% is promoted to 99% or more, and breeding method disclosed in this invention is simply easily realized, there is higher marketing and application value.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of artificial culturing method of sturgeon, comprising the following steps:
A, the selection and proportion of parent population: female chooses 2-3 age parent population；Male chooses 3-4 age parent population；Female male parent population is selected
Take abdomen and the roomy strong person of tail fin；Quantitative proportion is that 6-9 item female parent population cultivates 3 male parent populations same batch；
B, temperature environment controls when the parent population 3-6 age: 9 to 12 articles of parent populations, which are co-located in same pond, after parent population is chosen cultivates, people
The cultivation temperature of the 3 to 6th age of industry control system Various Seasonal, winter is minimum and maximum temperature control 9-11 DEG C, summer it is minimum and
Maximum temperature is controlled at 18-20 DEG C；
C, it hastens parturition: after parent population is mature, dividing pond；Female, which is divided 2-4 times, injects injection of hastening parturition；
D, adopt ovum and fertilization: extrusion acquires milter sperm respectively；Method of cutting open the belly acquires ovum；Different milter sperms are placed in 14-
Stirring, semidry method artificial insemination are diluted in 16 DEG C of sterile waters；
E, unsticking: talcum powder solution unsticking；
F, hatch: fertilized fish roe being placed in 18-22 DEG C of flowing water and hatched.
2. a kind of artificial culturing method of sturgeon according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the 3 to 6th year in step B
The parent fish rearing temperature control in age improves the gonad development of parent population and obviously increases the egg laying amount of female parent population.
3. a kind of artificial culturing method of sturgeon according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: fertilized eggs are placed in screened hour
Then centre imposes the agitation force of opposite direction to the lateral surface of the opposite surface of screened hour simultaneously respectively, timing is realized to fish-egg
Agitation.
4. a kind of according to claim 1, artificial culturing method of sturgeon described in 2 or 3 any claims, it is characterised in that:
Injection of hastening parturition described in step C selects LRH-A, and the ratio that every female sturgeon injection accumulated dose is 50 micro- g kgs is first
The 10% of secondary injection accumulated dose, milter dosage are the 60% of female parent population dosage.
5. a kind of artificial culturing method of sturgeon according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: each time take ovum to be fertilized
Cheng Zhong, a male sturgeon is to take essence for the first time, then the success rate being fertilized can further improve.
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| CN201510702051.3A CN105210950B (en) | 2015-10-27 | 2015-10-27 | A kind of artificial culturing method of sturgeon |
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| CN201510702051.3A CN105210950B (en) | 2015-10-27 | 2015-10-27 | A kind of artificial culturing method of sturgeon |
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| CN107624684A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-01-26 | 临汾市尧都区云盛水产养殖有限公司 | A kind of female sturgeon ovum artificial collection method |
| CN108541632A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2018-09-18 | 贵州龙源冷水渔业有限公司 | A kind of sturgeon mating system |
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| CN102113467A (en) * | 2011-03-07 | 2011-07-06 | 广州市先步农业发展有限公司 | Method for artificial fertilization of sturgeon |
| CN102165929A (en) * | 2011-06-02 | 2011-08-31 | 广州市先步农业发展有限公司 | Artificial propagation method for sturgeon |
| CN102652499A (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2012-09-05 | 吴江市水产养殖有限公司 | Paddlefish breeding method |
| CN103609487B (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2016-03-23 | 普定铭瑞渔业有限公司 | A kind of sturgeon cultivation method |
| CN104160986B (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2016-08-24 | 贵州省水产研究所 | A kind of mountain area sturgeon parent culture and induced spawning method |
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