CN105209037A - 用于治疗癌症、神经障碍和纤维化病症的脂类呋喃、吡咯和噻吩化合物 - Google Patents
用于治疗癌症、神经障碍和纤维化病症的脂类呋喃、吡咯和噻吩化合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
提供用于治疗癌症、神经障碍和纤维化病症的化合物、方法和组合物。具体来说,本发明包括向罹患癌症、神经障碍或纤维化病症的受试者施用有效量的式I、II或III的化合物,或其药学上可接受的组合物、盐、同位素类似物、前药或组合。
Description
相关申请
本申请涉及并要求2013年3月29日提交的临时美国申请No.61/853,163的权益。这个临时申请的全部内容特此出于所有目的以引用的方式并入。
技术领域
本发明是针对用于治疗癌症、神经障碍和纤维化病症的化合物、方法和组合物。
背景技术
每年,癌症夺去超过五十万美国人的生命。癌症在美国是第二大死亡原因,仅次于心脏疾病。在美国每四个死亡病例中就有一个与癌症相关。
癌症源自已经历基因变异的细胞,从而导致在克隆基础上的异常增殖。这些基因变异可包括致癌基因的激活或肿瘤抑制因子的失活。已发现,不同类型的癌症具有广泛范围的潜在基因变异并且其病理进展改变至癌性状态,包括其侵入周围正常组织和转移的能力。
常规的癌症治疗方法包括手术、放疗和化疗,或其组合。然而,对于攻击性和侵袭性更大的癌症,相比于在早期进展阶段捕捉到的癌症,这些治疗具有较小的作用。首先,侵袭性癌症似乎固有地更耐更广泛多种化学治疗剂。其次,癌症的侵袭进展和转移可能性是复杂的并且仍然知之甚少。
同样,通常在生命晚期开始的神经障碍如帕金森氏病、阿尔茨海默氏病或其他神经退化病症影响到几乎三分之一的老年人。目前,还没有针对这些类型病症的治愈方法,并且研究人员正在寻找新的治疗方法来改变疾病过程并改善具有痴呆样病症者的生活质量。
在发达国家,包括肺纤维化、全身性硬化症、肝硬化和心血管疾病的纤维化疾病占死亡数的45%以上。在美国,例如,虽然一些处方药可能使具有肺纤维化的受试者稳定化,但目前还没有FDA批准的疗法,并且肺移植仍然是延长具有肺纤维化者的生命的最可行治疗过程。
因此,持续需要鉴定靶向这些破坏性病症的新的治疗。
发明内容
提供用于治疗癌症、神经障碍和纤维化病症的化合物、方法和组合物。具体来说,本发明包括向罹患癌症、神经障碍或纤维化病症的受试者施用有效量的式I、II或III的化合物,或其药学上可接受的组合物、盐、同位素类似物、前药或组合,其中式I、II或III是:
其中:
每个Z独立地是O、S或NR5;
其中R1、R2、R3和R4是相同或不同的,分别代表氢原子,C1-C35烷基基团,有利地是C10-C22,更有利地是C12-C20,进一步有利地是C13-C17;C1-C35烯基基团,有利地是C10-C22,更有利地是C12-C20,进一步有利地是C13-C17;或C1-C35炔基基团,有利地是C10-C22,更有利地是C12-C20,进一步有利地是C13-C17,并且其中所述烷基、烯基或炔基部分任选地被一个或多个卤素(F、Cl、Br或I,并且更通常是F)取代和/或被一个或多个选自以下的部分取代:环氧化物(例如,与碳链二价连接的氧)、羟基或被保护的羟基(OR5)、硫醇或被保护的硫醇(SR5)、胺(NR5R6)、醛(-CHO)、酮(-COR5)、乙酰基(-O-CO-R5)或酯(-C(O)OR5)官能团,并且其中R5和R6分别代表氢原子,C1-C35、更通常是C1至C20烷基基团,有利地是C10-C22,更有利地是C12-C20,进一步有利地是C13-C17,或C1-C35烯基基团,有利地是C10-C22,更有利地是C12-C20,或进一步有利地是C13-C17。
在一个实施方案中,R1是C12、C13、C14、C15、C16、C17、C18、C19、C20、C21、C22、C23、C24或C25饱和碳链。在另一个实施方案中,R1是任选地具有一个、两个或三个双键或三键或其组合的C12、C13、C14、C15、C16、C17、C18、C19、C20、C21、C22、C23、C24或C25碳链。在一个实施方案中,R1具有一个、两个或三个双键,并且其中所述两个双键可能是共轭或非共轭的并且其中所述三个双键可能是完全共轭、部分共轭或非共轭的。在一个实施方案中,双键可能在末端位置。在另一个实施方案中,R1是具有至少一个双键和至少一个三键的C12、C13、C14、C15、C16、C17、C18、C19、C20、C21、C22、C23、C24或C25碳链。在另一个实施方案中,R1是具有一个三键的C12、C13、C14、C15、C16、C17、C18、C19、C20、C21、C22、C23、C24或C25碳链。在一个实施方案中,所述三键可能在末端位置。
在一个实施方案中,R1是C11-25饱和碳链。在一个实施方案中,R1是C13-C17饱和碳链。在一个实施方案中,R1是C11、C13、C15、C17、C19、C21、C23或C25饱和碳链。在另一个实施方案中,R1是任选地具有一个、两个或三个双键或三键或其组合的C11、C13、C15、C17、C19、C21、C23或C25碳链。在一个实施方案中,R1具有一个、两个或三个双键,并且其中所述两个双键可能是共轭或非共轭的并且其中所述三个双键可能是完全共轭、部分共轭或非共轭的。在一个实施方案中,双键可能在末端位置。在另一个实施方案中,R1是具有至少一个双键和至少一个三键的C11、C13、C15、C17、C19、C21、C23或C25碳链。在另一个实施方案中,R1是具有一个三键的C11、C13、C15、C17、C19、C21、C23或C25碳链。在一个实施方案中,所述三键可能在末端位置。
所述双键可能呈Z或E构型。在一个实施方案中,R1具有一个或两个呈Z构型的双键。在一个可选的实施方案中,一个或两个双键呈E构型。例如,当共轭时,所述双键可能是:(2Z,5Z);(3Z,6Z)、(7Z,10Z)、(8Z,11Z)、(9Z,12Z)、(10Z,13Z)、(11Z,14Z)或(12Z,15Z)。在一个可选的实施方案中,R1具有单个呈Z构型的双键。在一个实施方案中,所述双键可能是(2Z)、(3Z)、(4Z)、(5Z)、(6Z)、(7Z)、(8Z)、(9Z)、(10Z)、(11Z)、(12Z)、(13Z)、(14Z)、(15Z)、(16Z)、(17Z)、(18Z)或(19Z)。在一个实施方案中,R1具有单个呈E构型的双键。在一个实施方案中,所述双键可能是(2E)、(3E)、(4E)、(5E)、(6E)、(7E)、(8E)、(9E)、(10E)、(11E)、(12E)、(13E)、(14E)、(15E)、(16E)、(17E)、(18E)或(19E)。在一个实施方案中,所述双键可能是:(2Z,5E);(3Z,6E)、(7Z,10E)、(8Z,11E)、(9Z,12E)、(10Z,13E)、(11Z,14E)或(12Z,15E)。在一个实施方案中,所述双键可能是:(2E,5Z);(3E,6Z)、(7E,10Z)、(8E,11Z)、(9E,12Z)、(10E,13Z)、(11E,14Z)或(12E,15Z)。
在一个实施方案中,R1被至少一个OR5基团取代。在一个子实施方案中,R1被至少一个OR5基团取代,其中R5=H。
在一个实施方案中,R1被至少两个OR5基团取代。在一个子实施方案中,R1被至少两个OR5基团取代,其中R5=H。
在一个实施方案中,R1被至少三个OR5基团取代。在一个子实施方案中,R1被至少三个OR5基团取代,其中R5=H。
在一个实施方案中,R1被至少一个OR5基团取代。在一个子实施方案中,R1被至少一个OR5基团取代,其中R5=C(O)CH3。
在一个实施方案中,R1被至少两个OR5基团取代。在一个子实施方案中,R1被至少两个OR5基团取代,其中R5=C(O)CH3。
在一个实施方案中,R1被至少三个OR5基团取代。在一个子实施方案中,R1被至少三个OR5基团取代,其中R5=C(O)CH3。
在一个实施方案中,R1被至少一个NR5R6基团取代。在一个子实施方案中,R1被至少一个NR5R6基团取代,其中R5=R6=H。
在一个实施方案中,R1被至少两个NR5R6基团取代。在一个子实施方案中,R1被至少两个NR5R6基团取代,其中R5=R6=H。
在一个实施方案中,R1被至少三个NR5R6基团取代。在一个子实施方案中,R1被至少三个NR5R6基团取代,其中R5=R6=H。
在一个实施方案中,R1是CH3-(CH2)m-(CH=CH)x-(CH2)m,其中n、m和x不等于0并且m+2x÷n=1至35。
在一些实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I:
其中:
Z独立地是O、S、NR5;
R1=R2=R3=H;
R4是任选地如上文所定义被取代的包含两个或更多个双键的C9-C20烷基链。
在一些实施方案中,所述化合物具有式II:
其中:
R1是任选地如上文所定义被取代的包含两个或更多个双键的C9-C20烷基链。
在一些实施方案中,所述化合物具有式III:
其中:
R1是任选地如上文所定义被取代的包含两个或更多个双键的C9-C20烷基链。
在一个可选的实施方案中,呋喃、噻吩或吡咯可与另一个杂环或杂芳族部分稠合以产生多环核心,例如,苯并呋喃、苯并噻吩或吲哚,其可任选地被一个或多个官能团,优选被一个或多个烷基、烷氧基、卤基或羟基取代基取代。
在一个实施方案中,式I、式II或式III的化合物具有大于95%、大于96%、大于97%、大于98%或大于99%的纯度。
在本文提供的一个实施方案中是降低受试者中的实体肿瘤生长的方法,其包括施用有效量的式I、II或III的化合物,或其药学上可接受的组合物、盐、同位素类似物、前药或组合。所述肿瘤可能是原发性肿瘤或转移性肿瘤。在一个实施方案中,肿瘤是例如结肠肿瘤、卵巢肿瘤、肺肿瘤、食道肿瘤、乳腺肿瘤、前列腺肿瘤、癌瘤或皮肤癌。在一个实施方案中,所施用的化合物是式I(n)。
在一个实施方案中,本文提供用于抑制受试者中的癌细胞的细胞迁移的方法,其包括施用有效量的式I、II或III的化合物,或其药学上可接受的组合物、盐、同位素类似物、前药或组合。在一个实施方案中,所施用的化合物是式I(n)。
在本文提供的一个实施方案中是治疗皮肤癌或皮肤癌前病变的方法,其包括施用有效量的式I、II或III的化合物,或其药学上可接受的组合物、盐、同位素类似物、前药或组合。在一个实施方案中,所述皮肤癌或皮肤癌前病变选自所有癌前病变,如光化性角化病和粘膜白斑病,和所有非黑色素瘤皮肤癌如鳞状细胞癌和基底细胞癌。在一个实施方案中,所施用的化合物是式I(n)。
本文所述的化合物可以与用于治疗癌症或增殖性疾病的其他化学治疗剂组合施用至所述受试者。如果方便的话,本文所述的化合物可以与另一种化学治疗剂同时施用,以简化治疗方案。在一些实施方案中,所述化合物和其他化学治疗剂可以单一制剂提供。在一个实施方案中,本文所述的化合物与其他药剂在治疗方案中组合使用。
本文还提供一种治疗受试者中的神经障碍的方法,其包括施用有效量的式I、II或III的化合物,或其药学上可接受的组合物、盐、同位素类似物、前药或组合。在一个实施方案中,所述神经障碍是阿尔茨海默氏病。在一个实施方案中,所述神经障碍是帕金森氏病。在一个实施方案中,所述神经疾病是痴呆症。在一个实施方案中,所施用的化合物是式I(n)。
在本文提供的一个实施方案中是一种治疗纤维化病症的方法,其包括施用有效量的式I、II或III的化合物,或其药学上可接受的组合物、盐、同位素类似物、前药或组合。在一个实施方案中,所述纤维化病症选自类风湿性关节炎、手术粘连、骨关节炎、明显皮肤疤痕、或心血管、肝脏、肾脏、肺或牙周纤维化病症、伴有过量的胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白沉积的疾病、皮肤瘢痕瘤形成、进行性全身性硬化症、肝硬化、特发性和药理学诱导的肺纤维化、慢性移植物抗宿主病、硬皮病(局部和全身)、佩罗尼氏病(Peyronie'sdisease)、药理学诱导的阴茎纤维化、膀胱镜后尿道狭窄、手术后内部粘连、骨髓纤维化,以及特发性和药理学诱导的腹膜后纤维化。在一个实施方案中,所述纤维化病症是类风湿性关节炎。
在一些实施方案中,所述受试者或宿主是哺乳动物,包括人类。所述化合物可以通过任何所需途径施用至受试者,包括静脉内、舌下、经颊、口服、主动脉内、局部、鼻内、肠胃外、透皮、全身、肌内或经由吸入。
总之,本发明包括以下特征:
A)如本文所述的式I、II或III的化合物,和其药学上可接受的组合物、盐、同位素类似物或前药,其用于抑制受试者中癌细胞的增殖。在一个实施方案中,所述化合物是式I(n);
B)如本文所述的式I、II或III的化合物,和其药学上可接受的组合物、盐、同位素类似物或前药,其用于抑制受试者中癌细胞的迁移。在一个实施方案中,所述化合物是式I(n);
C)如本文所述的化合物,或其药学上可接受的组合物、盐、同位素类似物或前药,其用作癌症治疗中的化学治疗剂。在一个实施方案中,所述化合物是式I(n);
D)如本文所述的化合物,或其药学上可接受的组合物、盐、同位素类似物或前药,其与第二化学治疗剂组合用于进行治疗方案的受试者中以治疗癌症。在一个实施方案中,所述化合物是式I(n);
E)本文所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的组合物、盐、同位素类似物或前药在制造用作化学治疗剂以治疗具有癌症的受试者的药物中的用途;
F)用于制备治疗产品的方法,所述治疗产品含有有效量的本文所述的化合物,用于治疗具有癌症的受试者;
G)一种用于制造选自本文所述的化合物的药物的方法,所述药物预期用于作为治疗癌症的化学治疗剂的治疗性用途;
H)如本文所述的式I、II或III的化合物,和其药学上可接受的组合物、盐、同位素类似物或前药,其用于治疗罹患神经障碍的受试者。在一个实施方案中,所述化合物是式I(n);
I)本文所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的组合物、盐、同位素类似物或前药在制造用作具有神经障碍的受试者中的治疗的药物中的用途;
J)用于制备治疗产品的方法,所述治疗产品含有有效量的本文所述的化合物,用于治疗具有神经障碍的受试者;
K)一种用于制造选自本文所述的化合物的药物的方法,所述药物预期用于治疗神经障碍的治疗性用途;
L)如本文所述的式I、II或III的化合物,和其药学上可接受的组合物、盐、同位素类似物或前药,其用于治疗罹患纤维化病症的受试者。在一个实施方案中,所述化合物是式I(n);
M)本文所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的组合物、盐、同位素类似物或前药在制造用作具有纤维化病症的受试者中的治疗的药物中的用途;
N)用于制备治疗产品的方法,所述治疗产品含有有效量的本文所述的化合物,用于治疗具有纤维化病症的受试者;
O)一种用于制造选自本文所述的化合物的药物的方法,所述药物预期用于治疗纤维化病症的治疗性用途;
P)如本文所述的化合物用于治疗实体肿瘤、神经障碍或纤维化病症,其中活性成分不是以植物提取混合物或组合形式提供,而是以高纯度形式递送活性化合物。在一个实施方案中,本发明是用于治疗实体肿瘤、神经障碍或纤维化病症的剂型,其中不考虑填充剂、稳定剂、或其他惰性或非活性成分,所述活性化合物具有至少96%、97%、98%或99%的纯度。在一个可选的实施方案中,剂型具有两种或更多种活性成分,其中仅一种活性成分选自如本文所述的式I、II或III的化合物。
附图说明
图1A是对于用0μl/10ml、5μl/10ml和10μl/10ml式I(n)处理的细胞,使用乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MB231的细胞迁移曲线图。使用膜侵袭培养系统(MembraneInvasionCultureSystem,MICS)腔室测试了式I(n)对MDA-MB231侵袭性乳腺肿瘤细胞的迁移的影响。将所述膜侵袭培养系统(MICS)腔室与预浸泡在明胶中的Crosstex10μm聚碳酸酯膜一起组装12小时。下部孔用补充有10%FBS和在0-20μl/10ml甲醇中稀释的0、5、10μl/10ml式I(n)的DMEM完全装载。上部孔用1ml不含血清不含酚红的培养基和相应的式I(n)/甲醇溶液装载。每孔装载100,000个细胞并且将所述腔室在37℃下温育24小时。在温育后,去除来自腔室上部的培养基并且用Kimwipe擦去来自膜上表面的非迁移性细胞。通过将细胞浸没在100%MeOH中而将所述细胞固定在膜上。将细胞在曙红溶液中染色25秒并且在结晶紫溶液中染色35秒。将膜在水中冲洗,放置在用浸油预先处理的显微镜载玻片上,盖上盖玻片并且在光学显微镜下对细胞进行计数。一式三份地测量每种样品。如实施例6中所述,式I(n)显著抑制MDA-MB231肿瘤细胞迁移。图1B是对于用0μl/10ml、5μl/10ml和10μl/10ml式I(n)处理的细胞,使用乳腺癌细胞系Hs578T的细胞迁移曲线图。使用图1A中所述的方案,使用膜侵袭培养系统(MICS)腔室测试式I(n)对Hs578T侵袭性乳腺肿瘤细胞的迁移的影响。如实施例6中所述,式I(n)显著抑制Hs578T肿瘤细胞迁移。
图2A是使用成纤维细胞的体外刮擦测定法的显微照片,其示出成纤维细胞在未用式I(n)处理的情况下在0小时下的迁移。用200μl移液管尖端的前端刮擦包皮成纤维细胞(Clonetics)的汇合培养物,用PBS冲洗一次并且将培养基更换为含有0μl/10ml式I(n)的不含血清的培养基。在刮擦后的所示时间(0、12或24小时)下拍摄照片并且测量迁移缘之间的距离(以像素计)。图2B是使用成纤维细胞的体外刮擦测定法的显微照片,其示出成纤维细胞在用5μl/10ml式I(n)处理后在0小时下的迁移。如图2A中所述,使用5μl/10ml式I(n)进行实验。图2C是使用成纤维细胞的体外刮擦测定法的显微照片,其示出成纤维细胞在用10μl/10ml式I(n)处理后在0小时下的迁移。如图2A中所述,使用10μl/10ml式I(n)进行实验。图2D是使用成纤维细胞的体外刮擦测定法的显微照片,其示出成纤维细胞在未用式I(n)处理的情况下在12小时下的迁移。如图2A中所述进行实验。图2E是使用成纤维细胞的体外刮擦测定法的显微照片,其示出成纤维细胞在用5μl/10ml式I(n)处理后在12小时下的迁移。如图2A中所述,使用5μl/10ml式I(n)进行实验。如实施例7中所述,式I(n)处理的细胞显示迁移减少。图2F是使用成纤维细胞的体外刮擦测定法的显微照片,其示出成纤维细胞在用10μl/10ml式I(n)处理后在12小时下的迁移。如图2A中所述,使用10μl/10ml式I(n)进行实验。如实施例7中所述,式I(n)处理的细胞显示迁移减少。图2G是使用成纤维细胞的体外刮擦测定法的显微照片,其示出成纤维细胞在未用式I(n)处理的情况下在24小时下的迁移。如图2A中所述进行实验。图2H是使用成纤维细胞的体外刮擦测定法的显微照片,其示出成纤维细胞在用5μl/10ml式I(n)处理后在24小时下的迁移。如图2A中所述,使用5μl/10ml式I(n)进行实验。如实施例7中所述,式I(n)处理的细胞显示迁移减少。
图3是在施用式I(n)后的迁移缘之间的距离(如以像素计所测量)相对于时间(小时)的曲线图。如图2中所述进行实验。
图4A是尚未用式I(n)处理的预汇合新生儿包皮成纤维细胞的显微照片。在模拟处理24小时后,将细胞用鬼笔环肽(肌动蛋白绿)和碘化丙啶(核红)染色。图4B是已经用5μl/10ml式I(n)处理的预汇合新生儿包皮成纤维细胞的显微照片。在处理24小时后,将细胞用鬼笔环肽(肌动蛋白绿)和碘化丙啶(核红)染色。图4C是已经用10μl/10ml式I(n)处理的预汇合新生儿包皮成纤维细胞的显微照片。在处理24小时后,将细胞用鬼笔环肽(肌动蛋白绿)和碘化丙啶(核红)染色。图4D是尚未用式I(n)处理的汇合MDA-MB231乳腺癌细胞的显微照片。在模拟处理24小时后,将细胞用鬼笔环肽(肌动蛋白绿)和碘化丙啶(核红)染色。图4E是已经用5μl/10ml式I(n)处理的汇合MDA-MB231乳腺癌细胞的显微照片。在处理24小时后,将细胞用鬼笔环肽(肌动蛋白绿)和碘化丙啶(核红)染色。图4F是已经用10μl/10ml式I(n)处理的汇合MDA-MB231乳腺癌细胞的显微照片。在处理24小时后,将细胞用鬼笔环肽(肌动蛋白绿)和碘化丙啶(核红)染色。图4G是尚未用式I(n)处理的预汇合MDA-MB231乳腺癌细胞的显微照片。在模拟处理24小时后,将细胞用鬼笔环肽(肌动蛋白绿)和碘化丙啶(核红)染色。图4H是已经用5μl/10ml式I(n)处理的预汇合MDA-MB231乳腺癌细胞的显微照片。在处理24小时后,将细胞用鬼笔环肽(肌动蛋白绿)和碘化丙啶(核红)染色。
图5是一种免疫印迹法,其示出在用式I(n)处理的Hs578T细胞中的粘着斑激酶(focaladhesionkinase,FAK)的磷酸化的抑制。检测已经在pTyr576上磷酸化的FAK蛋白的抗体以1:1000的稀释率使用(兔抗FAK[pTyr576],来自BiosourceInc.,Camarillo,CA,USA)。如实施例9中所述,式I(n)诱导FAK[Tyr576]磷酸化的浓度依赖性降低。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及用于治疗癌症、神经障碍和纤维化病症的脂类呋喃、吡咯和噻吩化合物、方法和组合物。
定义
除非另外说明,否则在包括说明书和权利要求书的本申请中使用的以下术语具有下文给出的定义。除非上下文另外明确指出,否则如在本说明书和所附权利要求书中所用的单数形式“一”和“所述”包括复数个所指物。标准化学术语的定义可见于参考著作中,包括Carey和Sundberg(2007)高等有机化学(AdvancedOrganicChemistry),第5版,A卷和B卷,SpringerScience+BusinessMediaLLC,NewYork。除非另外说明,否则本发明的实践将采用合成有机化学的常规方法、质谱法、色谱法的制备型和分析型方法、蛋白质化学、生物化学、重组DNA技术和药理学。有机化学的常规方法包括在March高等有机化学:反应、机理和结构(March'sAdvancedOrganicChemistry:Reactions,Mechanisms,andStructure),第6版,M.B.Smith和J.March,JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,Hoboken,NJ,2007中所包括的那些。
如本文所用的术语“脂类呋喃”是指包含被至少一个支链、直链或环状的烃基团、优选直链烃链、更优选包含一个或多个烯属或炔属不饱和度的直链烃链取代的呋喃环的化合物。
如本文所用,术语“前药”是指当在体内施用至宿主时转化为母体药物的化合物。如本文所用,术语“母体药物”是指在宿主、通常是人类中可用于治疗任何本文所述的病症或者用于控制或改善与本文所述的任何生理学或病理学病症相关的潜在原因或症状的任何目前描述的化合物。前药可用于实现任何所需作用,包括增强母体药物的特性或改进母体的药用或药物动力学特性。存在前药策略,其提供调节用于体内产生母体药物的条件的选择,所有这些都被认为包括在其中。前药策略的非限制性实例包括可去除基团或基团的可去除部分的共价连接,例如(但不限于)酰化、磷酸化、膦酸化、氨基磷酸酯衍生物、酰胺化、还原、氧化、酯化、烷基化、其他羧基衍生物、亚砜或砜衍生物、羰基化或酸酐等。
在整个本说明书和权利要求书中,除非另外说明,否则给定的化学式或名称应涵盖所有的光学和立体异构体,以及其中存在这些异构体和混合物的外消旋混合物。
所治疗的受试者通常是人类受试者,但应理解,本文所述的方法关于其他动物如哺乳动物和脊椎动物物种有效。更具体地,术语受试者可以包括在例如临床前测试中使用的测定法中所用的动物,包括(但不限于)小鼠、大鼠、猴、狗、猪和兔;以及家养的猪(生猪和肉猪)、反刍动物、马、家禽、猫、牛、鼠类、犬科等。
活性化合物
在一个实施方案中,本发明是针对式I、II或III的化合物或这些化合物的如本文所述的用途;
其中:
每个Z独立地是O、S或NR5;
其中R1、R2、R3和R4是相同或不同的,分别代表氢原子,C1-C35烷基基团,有利地是C10-C22,更有利地是C12-C20,进一步有利地是C13-C17;C1-C35烯基基团,有利地是C10-C22,更有利地是C12-C20,进一步有利地是C13-C17;或C1-C35炔基基团,有利地是C10-C22,更有利地是C12-C20,进一步有利地是C13-C17,并且其中所述烷基、烯基或炔基部分任选地被一个或多个卤素(F、Cl、Br或I,并且更通常是F)取代和/或被一个或多个选自以下的部分取代:环氧化物(例如,与碳链二价连接的氧)、羟基或被保护的羟基(OR5)、硫醇或被保护的硫醇(SR5)、胺(NR5R6)、醛(-CHO)、酮(-COR5)、乙酰基(-O-CO-R5)或酯(-C(O)OR5)官能团,并且其中R5和R6分别代表氢原子,C1-C35、更通常是C1至C20烷基基团,有利地是C10-C22,更有利地是C12-C20,进一步有利地是C13-C17,或C1-C35烯基基团,有利地是C10-C22,更有利地是C12-C20,或进一步有利地是C13-C17。
在一些实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(a):
其中:
Z独立地是O、S、NR5;
R1=R2=R3=H;
R4=任选地如上文所定义被取代的C13-C19烷基。
在一些实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(b):
其中:
Z独立地是O、S、NR5;
R1=R2=R3=H;
R4是下式的具有单个双键的直链C9-C20不饱和烷基链:
-CH=CH(CH2)mCH3;
任选地如上文所定义被取代;
其中:
m=6至17。
在一些实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(c):
其中:
Z独立地是O、S、NR5;
R1=R2=R3=H;
R4是下式的具有单个双键的直链C13-C19不饱和烷基链:
-CH=CH(CH2)mCH3;
任选地如上文所定义被取代;
其中:
m=10至16。
在一些实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(d):
其中:
Z独立地是O、S、NR5;
R1=R2=R3=H;
R4是下式的具有单个双键的直链C9-C20不饱和烷基链:
-(CH2)n-CH=CH(CH2)mCH3;
任选地如上文所定义被取代;
其中
n=1至17;
m=1至17。
在一些实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(e):
其中:
Z独立地是O、S、NR5;
R1=R2=R3=H;
R4是下式的具有单个双键的直链C13-C19不饱和烷基链:
-(CH2)n-CH=CH(CH2)mCH3;
任选地如上文所定义被取代;
其中
n=1至15;
m=1至15。
在一些实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(f):
其中:
Z独立地是O、S、NR5;
R1=R2=R3=H;
R4是下式的具有单个双键的直链C9-C20不饱和烷基链:
-(CH2)mCH=CH2;
任选地如上文所定义被取代;
其中:
m=7至18。
在一些实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(g):
其中:
Z独立地是O、S、NR5;
R1=R2=R3=H;
R4是下式的具有单个双键的直链C13-C19不饱和烷基链:
-(CH2)mCH=CH2;
任选地如上文所定义被取代;
其中:
m=11至17。
在一些实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(h):
其中:
Z独立地是O、S、NR5;
R1=R2=R3=H;
R4是任选地如上文所定义被取代的包含两个或更多个双键的C9-C20烷基链。
在一些实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(i):
其中:
Z独立地是O、S、NR5;
R1=R2=R3=H;
R4是任选地如上文所定义被取代的包含两个或更多个双键的C13-C19烷基链。
在一些实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(j):
其中:
Z独立地是O、S、NR5;
R1=R2=R3=H;
R4是任选地如上文所定义被取代的包含一个或多个三键的C9-C20烷基链。
在一些实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(k):
其中:
Z独立地是O、S、NR5;
R1=R2=R3=H;
R4是任选地如上文所定义被取代的包含一个或多个三键的C13-C19烷基链。
在一些实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(l):
其中:
Z独立地是O、S、NR5;
R1=R2=R3=H;
R4是任选地如上文所定义被取代的包含一个或多个双键和一个或多个三键的C9-C20烷基链。
在一些实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(m):
其中:
Z独立地是O、S、NR5;
R1=R2=R3=H;
R4是任选地如上文所定义被取代的包含一个或多个双键和一个或多个三键的C13-C19烷基链。
在一个可选的实施方案中,所述呋喃、噻吩或吡咯可以与另一个杂环或杂芳族部分稠合以产生多环核心,例如,苯并呋喃、苯并噻吩或吲哚,其可任选地被一个或多个官能团,优选被一个或多个烷基、烷氧基、卤基或羟基取代基取代。
在一个实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(n):
在一个实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(o):
在一个实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(p):
在一个实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(q):
在一个实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(r):
在一个实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(s):
在一个实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(t):
在一个实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(u):
在一个实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(v):
在一个实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(w):
在一个实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(x):
在一个实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(y):
在一个实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(z):
在一个实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(aa):
在一个实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(ab):
在一个实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(ac):
在一个实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(ad):
在一个实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(ae):
在一个实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(af):
在一个实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(ag):
在一个实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(ah):
在一个实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(ai):
在一个实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(aj):
在一个实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(ak):
在一个实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(al):
在一个实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(am):
在一个实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(an):
在一个实施方案中,所述化合物具有式I(ao):
在一个实施方案中,所述式I化合物是2-(壬基)呋喃。
在一个实施方案中,所述式I化合物是2-(十二烷基)呋喃。
在一个实施方案中,所述式I化合物是2-(十三烷基)呋喃。
在一个实施方案中,所述式I化合物是2-(十四烷基)呋喃。
在一个实施方案中,所述式I化合物是2-(十五烷基)呋喃。
在一个实施方案中,所述式I化合物是2-(十六烷基)呋喃。
在一个实施方案中,所述式I化合物是2-(十七烷基)呋喃。
在一个实施方案中,所述式I化合物是2-(十八烷基)呋喃)。
在一个实施方案中,所述式I化合物是2-(十九烷基)呋喃)。
在一个实施方案中,所述式I化合物是2-(8Z-十五碳烯基)呋喃。
在一个实施方案中,所述式I化合物是2-(1E-十五碳烯基)呋喃。
在一个实施方案中,所述式I化合物是2-(1Z-十五碳烯基)呋喃。
在一个实施方案中,所述式I化合物是2-(12-十三碳烯基)呋喃。
在一个实施方案中,所述式I化合物是2-(8Z,11Z-十七碳二烯基)呋喃。
在一个实施方案中,所述式I化合物是2-(8Z,11Z-十七碳二烯基)噻吩。
在一个实施方案中,所述式I化合物是2-(8Z,11Z-十七碳二烯基)吡咯。
在一个实施方案中,所述式I化合物是木蜡呋喃。
在一个实施方案中,所述式I化合物是月桂烯呋喃。
在一个实施方案中,所述式I化合物是棕榈油呋喃。
在一个实施方案中,所述式I化合物是顺式十八烯呋喃。
在一个实施方案中,所述式I化合物是芥呋喃。
在一个实施方案中,所述式I化合物是二十四烯呋喃。
在一个实施方案中,所述式I化合物是花生四烯呋喃。
在一个实施方案中,所述式I化合物是还阳参油呋喃。
某些呋喃、吡咯和噻吩衍生物在石油、电子和对于某些病症的医药行业中受到关注。尽管有这项研究,但现在已惊奇地发现,本发明公开的活性化合物可以有利地用于治疗实体肿瘤。因此本发明可用于治疗癌症,包括(但不限于)实体肿瘤如乳腺癌、结肠癌、肺癌、膀胱癌、肾癌、肝癌或胰腺癌。此外还未已知使用本发明公开的活性化合物来治疗严重神经障碍如阿尔茨海默氏病、帕金森氏病或痴呆症,以及纤维化病症。
关于呋喃衍生物,Kashman等首先报道了作为一类新型植物化学物质的鳄梨呋喃。参见Kashman,Y等,“NewCompoundsfromAvocadoPear”,四面体(Tetrahedron),25:4617-4631(1969)和Kashman,Y等,“SixNewC17-olefinicandAcetylenicOxygenatedCompoundsfromAvocadoPear”,以色列化学杂志(Isr.J.Chem.),7:173-176。作者从牛油果(P.americana)果实和种子分离了2-(十三碳-12-炔基)呋喃和2-(十三碳-12-烯基)呋喃。Magalhaes等随后从来自巴西的鳄梨种子[鳄梨(Perseagratissima)Gartn.(同义词牛油果)]的甲醇提取物鉴定了若干种其他具有C13单不饱和和二不饱和侧链的2-烷基呋喃。参见Magalhaes等,“Theavocatins–anewclassofnaturalproducts”,巴西科学学会年鉴(An.Acd.Bras.Cienc.)42(增刊):45-48(1970)。
Neeman等对于来自鳄梨的一组八种长链脂族化合物测试了针对13个细菌和酵母物种的活性并且报道2-(十三碳-12-烯基)呋喃抑制枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillussubtilis)(Ehrenberg)Cohn和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcusaureus)Rosenbach的生长。参见Neeman,I等,“Newantibacterialagentisolatedfromtheavocadopear”,应用微生物学(Appl.Microbiol.),19:470-473,(1970)。Murakoshi等测试了通过对来自鳄梨叶的persin的酸催化脱水而产生的2-(8Z,1lZ-十七碳二烯基)呋喃抵抗桑蚕幼虫(家蚕(B.mori)),并发现在饮食中高达300μg/g的浓度下无活性。参见Murakoshi等,日本应用昆虫学与动物学杂志(J.Appl.Entomol.Zool.)20:87-91(1976)。Rodriguez-Saona,C.等公开了鳄梨呋喃作为拒食剂的活性。参见Rodriguez-Saona,C.等,“NovelAntifeedantandInsecticidalCompoundsfromAvocadoIdioblastCellOil”,化学生态学杂志(J.Chem.Ecol.),24:867-889(1998)。另外,作者公开了C15和C172-(烷基)呋喃的合成。所述化合物是通过使适当的溴烷烃与2-锂呋喃在THF中偶联来合成。2-(1E-十五碳烯基)呋喃和其Z异构体是通过从溴化十四烷基三苯基鏻制备的鎓盐与糠醛的Wittig反应来制备以符合Z和E异构体的7:3混合物。
化合物2-(8Z,11Z-十七碳二烯基)呋喃是如下合成的。在二乙醚中使用溴将亚油酸转化为四溴化物。接着将羧酸脱羧并使用改性Hunsdiecker反应转化为烷基溴化物。二烯部分与锌粉在THF中再生,得到溴二烯,其转化为相应的烷基碘化物并且随后与2-锂呋喃偶联,得到双不饱和鳄梨呋喃。
Huber,S.R.和Counts,D.F.的美国专利No.5,468,490公开了脂类呋喃17-(2-呋喃基-8-11-顺式-顺式-十七烷二烯,也称为2-(8Z,11Z-十七碳二烯基)呋喃),其对皮肤的表皮和真皮具有有益作用。Counts,D.F.和Huber,R.的美国专利No.5,514,709公开了脂质呋喃、2-烷基呋喃和其对于I型和III型胶原蛋白的特异性,这两者都大量存在于皮肤和粘膜组织中。Rodriguez-Saona,C.等公开了2-(十五烷基)呋喃和2-(十七烷基)呋喃的合成。参见Rodriquez-Saona,C.等,“AvocadofuransandTheirTetrahydrofuranAnalogues:ComparisonofGrowthInhibitoryandInsecticidalActivity”,农业与食品化学杂志(J.Agric.FoodChem.),48:3642-3645(2000)。Piccirilli,A.和Legrand,J.的美国专利申请No.2004/0018258公开了用于从鳄梨获得富含呋喃脂质的不可皂化材料的方法。Msika,P.和Piccardi,N.的美国专利申请No.2008/0219937公开了包含至少一种2-烷基呋喃作为活性物质的具有脱色或美白作用的化妆品组合物的用途。Piccirilli,A.等的美国专利申请No.2008/0081837公开了一种使用2-烷基呋喃预防和/或治疗糖尿病的方法,其中2位被C1-C35烷基、C1-C35烯基或C1-C35炔基取代基取代。Piccirilli,A.等的美国专利No.7,589,121公开了烷基呋喃用于治疗肥胖症和肥胖症的用途。Gorelik,L.等的美国专利申请No.2013/0183289公开了鳄梨呋喃用于治疗DNA病毒的用途。
关于吡咯,Taniguchi,M.等的美国专利No.5,082,856公开了用于治疗高脂血症和动脉硬化的吡咯羧酸衍生物。作者公开了2,5-二取代和2,4-二取代的吡咯的合成。例如,在'856专利的方法1中,使吡咯与甲基或乙基镁卤化物反应并且使镁盐与酰氯反应,得到2-酰基吡咯。酮经受Wolff-Kishner还原条件,得到2-烷基吡咯。然后将所述2-烷基吡咯用Grignard试剂处理,接着用氯碳酸乙酯处理,得到5-烷基吡咯-2-甲酸酯。所述酯可以通过在标准条件下水解酯而转化为相应的羧酸。在'856专利的方法2中,在路易斯酸存在下使吡咯-3-甲酸乙酯与酰氯反应,获得5-酰基-吡咯-3-甲酸酯。然后使所得酮经受Wolff-Kishner还原条件,得到5-烷基吡咯-3-甲酸乙酯。所述酯然后可以通过在标准条件下水解酯而转化为相应的羧酸。
Mohamed,Y.M.A.和Hansen,T.V.公开了具有抗增殖活性的Mycalazol和mycalazal类似物。参见Mohamed,Y.M.A.和Hansen,T.V.,“Synthesisofmycalazolandmycalazalanalogswithpotentantiproliferatingactivities”,纯粹和应用化学(PureAppl.Chem.),83(3):489-493(2011)。使用吡咯2-甲醛作为原料,作者用二甲胺处理所述醛,形成定量产率的氮杂富勒烯(azafulvene)。所述化合物用正丁基锂和过量氯化正三丁基锡处理,产生5-(三正丁基甲锡烷基)吡咯-2-甲醛。酰氯与甲锡烷基吡咯进行Stille交叉偶联反应,得到2,5-二取代吡咯。
Papireddy,K.等最近已公开了灵菌红素的抗疟疾活性。在这篇论文中,作者公开了2-烷基化吡咯和3-烷基化吡咯的合成。所述中间体随后用于产生灵菌红素的合成类似物。为了产生2-烷基化吡咯,使用锌粉将吡咯酰化,得到2-酰基吡咯。在2-丙醇中在回流下使用过量的硼氢化钠将2-酰基吡咯还原为相应的2-烷基化吡咯。为了产生3-烷基化吡咯,在氢氧化钠存在下用苯磺酰氯处理吡咯,得到N-苯基磺酰基吡咯。使用三氯化铝允许N-苯基磺酰基吡咯在3位用酰氯进行区域选择性酰化,得到N-苯基磺酰基-3-酰基吡咯。将N-苯基磺酰基-3-酰基吡咯在碱性条件下水解,得到3-酰基吡咯。在最后步骤中,使用硼氢化钠在回流下将3-酰基吡咯还原,得到3-烷基吡咯。参见Papireddy,K.等,“AntimalarialActivityofNaturalandSyntheticProdiginines”,药物化学杂志(J.Med.Chem.),54:5296-5306(2011)。
关于噻吩衍生物,Buu-Hoi,N.P等公开了作为潜在抗结核化合物的2,5-二取代噻吩类似物。参见Buu-Hoi,N.P等。
同位素取代
本发明包括具有原子的所需同位素取代的化合物和化合物的用途,所述同位素的量高于同位素的天然丰度,即富集。同位素是具有相同原子序数但不同质量数,即质子数相同但中子数不同的原子。作为一般实力而非限制,氢的同位素,例如氘(2H)和氚(3H)可在所述结构中的任何地方使用。可选地或另外地,可使用碳的同位素,例如,13C和14C。优选的同位素取代是在分子上的一个或多个位置处用氘取代氢以改善药物的性能。氘可以结合于在代谢期间的键断裂位置(α-氘动力学同位素效应)或键断裂位点附近或旁边(β-氘动力学同位素效应)。
用同位素如氘取代可以得到由更大的代谢稳定性产生的某些治疗优势,例如,增加的体内半衰期或降低的剂量要求。在新陈代谢分解位点用氘取代氢可以降低所述键处的新陈代谢速率或消除所述键处的新陈代谢。在化合物中可能存在氢原子的任何位置,氢原子可以是氢的任何同位素,包括氕(1H)、氘(2H)和氚(3H)。因此,除非上下文另外明确说明,否则本文对化合物的提及涵盖所有潜在的同位素形式。
术语“同位素标记”类似物是指作为“氘化类似物”、“13C标记类似物”或“氘化/13C标记类似物”的类似物。术语“氘化类似物”是指用H同位素即氘(2H)取代H同位素即氢/氕(1H)的本文所述的化合物。氘取代可以是部分或完全的。部分氘取代是指至少一个氢被至少一个氘取代。在某些实施方案中,同位素是在任何目标位置同位素富集90%、95%或99%或更多。在一些实施方案中,氘在所需位置富集90%、95%或99%。
癌症的治疗性处理
提供化合物、方法和组合物来治疗癌症。提供改进的化合物、方法和组合物来抑制癌细胞的细胞迁移。提供用于抑制侵袭性癌症的改进的化合物、方法和组合物。提供用于抑制异常细胞增殖的改进的化合物、方法和组合物。在一个实施方案中,所述癌症是实体肿瘤。在一个实施方案中,所述实体肿瘤是非皮肤肿瘤。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,用于治疗癌症的化合物选自如本文所述的式I、II或III的化合物,或其药学上可接受的组合物、盐、同位素类似物或前药。在一个非限制性实例中,所述癌症是用如本文所述的式I(a)、式I(b)、式I(c)、式I(d)、式I(e)、式I(f)、式I(g)、式I(h)、式I(i)、式I(j)、式I(k)、式I(l)、式I(m)、式I(n)、式I(o)、式I(p)、式I(q)、式I(r)、式I(s)、式I(t)、式I(u)、式I(v)、式I(w)、式I(x)、式I(y)、式I(z)、式I(aa)、式I(ab)、式I(ac)、式I(ad)、式I(ae)、式I(af)、式I(ag)、式I(ah)、式I(ai)、式I(aj)、式I(ak)、式I(al)、式I(am)、式I(an)或式I(ao)或者其药学上可接受的组合物、盐、同位素类似物或前药治疗的。
根据本发明,活性成分不是以植物提取混合物或组合形式提供,而是以高纯度形式递送活性化合物。在一个实施方案中,本发明是用于治疗实体肿瘤(它是非皮肤源肿瘤或病症)的剂型,其中不考虑填充剂、稳定剂或其他惰性或非活性成分,所述活性化合物具有至少96%、97%、98%或99%的纯度。在一个可选的实施方案中,剂型具有两种或更多种活性成分,其中仅一种活性成分选自如本文所述的式I、II或III的化合物。在另一个可选的实施方案中,剂型具有两种或更多种选自如本文所述的式I、II或III的化合物的活性成分,其中不考虑填充剂、稳定剂或其他惰性或非活性成分,每种活性化合物具有至少96%、97%、98%或99%的纯度。
本文还提供降低受试者中的实体肿瘤生长的方法,其包括施用本文所述的活性化合物。肿瘤可以是原发性肿瘤或转移性肿瘤。在一个方面,实体肿瘤是例如肺癌(包括肺腺癌、基底细胞癌、鳞状细胞癌、大细胞癌、细支气管肺泡癌、支气管癌、非小细胞癌、小细胞癌、间皮瘤);乳腺癌(包括导管癌、小叶癌、炎性乳腺癌、透明细胞癌、粘液癌、浆膜腔乳腺癌);结肠直肠癌(结肠癌、直肠癌、结肠直肠腺癌);肛门癌;胰腺癌(包括胰腺癌、胰岛细胞癌、神经内分泌肿瘤);前列腺癌;前列腺腺癌;卵巢癌(卵巢上皮癌或表面上皮-间质肿瘤包括浆液性肿瘤、子宫内膜肿瘤和粘液性囊腺癌、性索间质肿瘤);肝脏和胆管癌(包括肝细胞癌、胆管细胞癌、血管瘤);食管癌(包括食管腺癌和鳞状细胞癌);口腔和口咽部鳞状细胞癌;唾液腺腺样囊性癌;膀胱癌;膀胱癌瘤;子宫癌(包括子宫内膜样腺癌、子宫浆液性乳头状癌、子宫透明细胞癌、子宫肉瘤和平滑肌肉瘤、苗勒管混合瘤);神经胶质瘤、胶质母细胞瘤、髓母细胞瘤和其他脑肿瘤;肾癌(包括肾细胞癌、透明细胞癌、维尔姆斯瘤(Wilm'stumor));头颈癌(包括鳞状细胞癌);胃癌(胃癌、胃腺癌、胃肠道间质瘤);睾丸癌;生殖细胞肿瘤;神经内分泌瘤;子宫颈癌;胃肠道、乳房和其他器官的类癌;印戒细胞癌;间叶组织肿瘤,包括肉瘤、纤维肉瘤、血管瘤、血管瘤病、血管周细胞瘤、假血管瘤样间质增生、肌纤维母细胞瘤、纤维瘤病、炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤、脂肪瘤、血管脂肪瘤、颗粒细胞瘤、神经纤维瘤、神经鞘瘤、血管肉瘤、脂肪肉瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、骨肉瘤、平滑肌瘤、平滑肌肉瘤或黑色素瘤。
在一个实施方案中,实体肿瘤是例如结肠肿瘤、卵巢肿瘤、肺肿瘤、食道肿瘤、乳腺肿瘤、前列腺肿瘤、癌瘤。在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述癌症是用选自如本文所述的式I、II或III的化合物、或其药学上可接受的组合物、盐、同位素类似物或前药的化合物治疗的。在一个非限制性实例中,癌症是用如本文所述的式I(a)、式I(b)、式I(c)、式I(d)、式I(e)、式I(f)、式I(g)、式I(h)、式I(i)、式I(j)、式I(k)、式I(l)、式I(m)、式I(n)、式I(o)、式I(p)、式I(q)、式I(r)、式I(s)、式I(t)、式I(u)、式I(v)、式I(w)、式I(x)、式I(y)、式I(z)、式I(aa)、式I(ab)、式I(ac)、式I(ad)、式I(ae)、式I(af)、式I(ag)、式I(ah)、式I(ai)、式I(aj)、式I(ak)、式I(al)、式I(am)、式I(an)或式I(ao)、或其药学上可接受的组合物、盐、同位素类似物或前药治疗的。
在一个实施方案中,所述癌症是侵袭性乳腺癌。侵袭性乳腺癌已经从原始位点(乳导管或小叶)扩散至周围乳房组织,并且可能扩散到淋巴结和/或身体其他部分。因此,侵袭性乳腺癌具有比导管原位癌(DCIS)(这是一种非侵袭性乳腺癌)更差的预后。使用显微镜来观察在组织活检期间去除的组织,病理学家可以通过组织活检分析来确定肿瘤是DCIS还是侵袭性乳腺癌。最常见的类型是侵袭性导管癌(也称为浸润性导管癌和不太常见的非特殊类型的侵袭性癌瘤或没有另外说明的侵袭性癌瘤)。侵袭性导管癌占所有乳腺癌的50%至75%。侵袭性小叶癌是第二最常见的类型并且占病例的约10%至15%。管状癌和粘液(胶质)癌是不太常见类型的侵袭性乳腺癌,其往往具有良好的预后。在本发明的一个实施方案中,乳腺癌是用选自如本文所述的式I、II或III的化合物、或其药学上可接受的组合物、盐、同位素类似物或前药的化合物治疗的。在一个非限制性实例中,乳腺癌是用如本文所述的式I(a)、式I(b)、式I(c)、式I(d)、式I(e)、式I(f)、式I(g)、式I(h)、式I(i)、式I(j)、式I(k)、式I(l)、式I(m)、式I(n)、式I(o)、式I(p)、式I(q)、式I(r)、式I(s)、式I(t)、式I(u)、式I(v)、式I(w)、式I(x)、式I(y)、式I(z)、式I(aa)、式I(ab)、式I(ac)、式I(ad)、式I(ae)、式I(af)、式I(ag)、式I(ah)、式I(ai)、式I(aj)、式I(ak)、式I(al)、式I(am)、式I(an)或式I(ao)、或其药学上可接受的组合物、盐、同位素类似物或前药治疗的。
在本文提供的一个实施方案中是治疗皮肤癌的方法,其包括施用本文所述的活性化合物。在一个实施方案中,皮肤癌选自所有非黑色素瘤皮肤癌如鳞状细胞癌和基底细胞癌。在一个实施方案中,皮肤癌是黑色素瘤。在本发明的一个实施方案中,皮肤癌是用选自如本文所述的式I、II或III的化合物、或其药学上可接受的组合物、盐、同位素类似物或前药的化合物治疗的。在一个非限制性实例中,皮肤癌是用如本文所述的式I(a)、式I(b)、式I(c)、式I(d)、式I(e)、式I(f)、式I(g)、式I(h)、式I(i)、式I(j)、式I(k)、式I(l)、式I(m)、式I(n)、式I(o)、式I(p)、式I(q)、式I(r)、式I(s)、式I(t)、式I(u)、式I(v)、式I(w)、式I(x)、式I(y)、式I(z)、式I(aa)、式I(ab)、式I(ac)、式I(ad)、式I(ae)、式I(af)、式I(ag)、式I(ah)、式I(ai)、式I(aj)、式I(ak)、式I(al)、式I(am)、式I(an)或式I(ao)、或其药学上可接受的组合物、盐、同位素类似物或前药治疗的。
在某些方面,提供用作用于治疗和/或预防有需要的患者中的癌细胞或癌前病变扩增、增殖或活化的化学治疗剂的化合物、方法和组合物,其包括施用药学上有效量的本文所述的化合物。在某些实施方案中,提供用作用于治疗和/或预防有需要的患者中的癌细胞转移或侵袭的化学治疗剂的化合物、方法和组合物,其包括施用药学上有效量的本文所述的化合物。在某些实施方案中,提供用作用于治疗和/或预防有需要的患者中的癌细胞迁移的化学治疗剂的化合物、方法和组合物,其包括施用药学上有效量的本文所述的化合物。在某些实施方案中,提供用作用于治疗和/或预防有需要的患者中的癌细胞的细胞骨架重构的化学治疗剂的化合物、方法和组合物,其包括施用药学上有效量的本文所述的化合物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,具有大于98%的纯度的式I化合物与赋形剂一起并入用于以药物形式局部施用来治疗皮肤的癌性病变。在一个实施方案中,用于局部施用的式I化合物的量在约0.1%至约100%范围内。在一个实施方案中,用于局部施用的式I化合物的量在约1%至约10%范围内。在另一个实施方案中,用于局部施用的式I化合物的量在约1%至约5%范围内。在本发明的一个实施方案中,赋形剂是天然或合成来源的油。在一个实施方案中,皮肤癌包括(但不限于)非黑色素瘤皮肤癌、鳞状细胞癌和基底细胞癌。
癌前病变的治疗性处理
光化性角化病(AK)是预示着患上鳞状细胞癌(SCC)和其他皮肤恶性疾病的风险增加的常见皮肤病变,这主要是由于过度紫外线(UV)曝露而引起的。它们主要存在于皮肤白皙的个体中,并且越来越多地是免疫抑制问题。光化性角化病(AK)可自然消退,保持稳定或转化为侵袭性SCC。
在本文提供的一个实施方案中是一种治疗和/或预防皮肤癌前病变的方法,其包括施用本文所述的活性化合物。在一个实施方案中,所述皮肤癌前病变选自所有癌前病变,例如光化性角化病和粘膜白斑病。在本发明的一个实施方案中,用于治疗皮肤癌前病变的化合物选自如本文所述的式I、II或III的化合物、或其药学上可接受的组合物、盐、同位素类似物或前药。在一个非限制性实例中,所述皮肤癌前病变是用如本文所述的式I(a)、式I(b)、式I(c)、式I(d)、式I(e)、式I(f)、式I(g)、式I(h)、式I(i)、式I(j)、式I(k)、式I(l)、式I(m)、式I(n)、式I(o)、式I(p)、式I(q)、式I(r)、式I(s)、式I(t)、式I(u)、式I(v)、式I(w)、式I(x)、式I(y)、式I(z)、式I(aa)、式I(ab)、式I(ac)、式I(ad)、式I(ae)、式I(af)、式I(ag)、式I(ah)、式I(ai)、式I(aj)、式I(ak)、式I(al)、式I(am)、式I(an)或式I(ao)、或其药学上可接受的组合物、盐、同位素类似物或前药治疗的。
根据本发明,活性成分不是以植物提取混合物或组合形式提供,而是以高纯度形式递送活性化合物。在一个实施方案中,本发明是用于治疗癌前病变的剂型,其中不考虑填充剂、稳定剂或其他惰性或非活性成分,所述活性化合物具有至少96%、97%、98%或99%的纯度。在一个可选的实施方案中,剂型具有两种或更多种活性成分,其中仅一种活性成分选自如本文所述的式I、II或III的化合物。在另一个可选的实施方案中,剂型具有两种或更多种选自如本文所述的式I、II或III的化合物的活性成分,其中不考虑填充剂、稳定剂或其他惰性或非活性成分,每种活性化合物具有至少96%、97%、98%或99%的纯度。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,具有大于98%的纯度的式I化合物与赋形剂一起并入用于以药物形式局部施用来治疗皮肤癌前病变。在一个实施方案中,用于局部施用的式I化合物的量在约0.1%至约100%范围内。在一个实施方案中,用于局部施用的式I化合物的量在约1%至约10%范围内。在另一个实施方案中,用于局部施用的式I化合物的量在约1%至约5%范围内。在本发明的一个实施方案中,赋形剂是天然或合成来源的油。在一个实施方案中,皮肤癌前病变包括(但不限于)光化性角化病和粘膜白斑病。在一个实施方案中,所述癌前病变是粘膜白斑病。
癌症组合疗法
在本发明的一个方面,本文公开的化合物可以有益地与另一种治疗方案组合施用以产生有益、加和或协同效应。
在一个实施方案中,本发明的化合物/方法与另一种疗法组合使用来治疗癌症。在一些实施方案中,所述化合物可以与其他化学治疗剂组合施用至受试者。如果方便的话,本文所述的化合物可以与另一种化学治疗剂同时施用,以简化治疗方案。在一些实施方案中,所述化合物和其他化学治疗剂可以单一制剂提供。在一个实施方案中,本文所述的化合物与其他药剂在治疗方案中组合使用。这些药剂可包括(但不限于)他莫昔芬、咪唑安定、来曲唑、硼替佐米、阿那曲唑、戈舍瑞林、mTOR抑制剂、PI3激酶抑制剂、双重mTOR-PI3K抑制剂、MEK抑制剂、RAS抑制剂、ALK抑制剂、HSP抑制剂(例如,HSP70和HSP90抑制剂或其组合)、BCL-2抑制剂、细胞凋亡诱导化合物、AKT抑制剂(包括但不限于MK-2206、GSK690693、哌立福新、(KRX-0401)、GDC-0068、曲西立滨、AZD5363、厚朴酚、PF-04691502和米替福新)、PD-1抑制剂(包括但不限于尼鲁单抗、CT-011、MK-3475、BMS936558和AMP-514)或FLT-3抑制剂(包括但不限于P406、多韦替尼、奎扎替尼(AC220)、阿姆替尼(MP-470)、坦度替尼(MLN518)、ENMD-2076和KW-2449或其组合。mTOR抑制剂的实例包括(但不限于)雷帕霉素和其类似物、依维莫司(Afinitor)、坦罗莫司、地磷莫司、西罗莫司和地福莫司(deforolimus)。P13激酶抑制剂的实例包括(但不限于)渥曼青霉素、脱甲绿胶酶素(demethoxyviridin)、哌立福新、艾代拉里斯(idelalisib)、PX-866、IPI-145、BAY80-6946、BEZ235、RP6503、TGR1202(RP5264)、MLN1117(INK1117)、匹替利斯(Pictilisib)、布帕利斯(Buparlisib)、SAR245408(XL147)、SAR245409(XL765)、Palomid529、ZSTK474、PWT33597、RP6530、CUDC-907和AEZS-136。MEK抑制剂的实例包括(但不限于)曲美替尼、司美替尼、MEK162、GDC-0973(XL518)和PD0325901。RAS抑制剂的实例包括(但不限于)Reolysin和siG12DLODER。ALK抑制剂的实例包括(但不限于)克唑替尼、AP26113和LDK378。HSP抑制剂包括(但不限于)格尔德霉素或17-N-烯丙基氨基-17-去甲氧基格尔德霉素(17AAG)和根赤壳菌素。
在一个实施方案中,本文所述的化合物可以与化学治疗剂组合,所述化学治疗剂选自(但不限于):甲磺酸伊马替尼达沙替尼尼罗替尼波舒替尼曲妥珠单抗帕妥珠单抗拉帕替尼吉非替尼厄洛替尼西妥昔单抗帕尼单抗凡德他尼威罗菲尼伏立诺他罗米地辛蓓萨罗丁阿利维甲酸维A酸卡非佐米(KyprolisTM)、普拉曲沙贝伐单抗齐夫-阿柏西普索拉非尼舒尼替尼帕唑帕尼瑞哥菲尼和卡博替尼(CometriqTM)、长春新碱或脂质体长春新碱柔红霉素(道诺霉素或)或阿霉素阿糖胞苷(胞嘧啶阿拉伯糖苷、ara-C或)、L-天冬酰胺酶或PEG-L-天冬酰胺酶(培门冬酶或)、依托泊苷(VP-16)、替尼泊苷6-巯基嘌呤(6-MP或)、甲氨蝶呤、环磷酰胺强的松、地塞米松(Decadron)、伊马替尼达沙替尼尼罗替尼波舒替尼和普纳替尼(IclusigTM)。其他合适的化学治疗剂的实例包括(但不限于)1-去氢睾酮、5-氟尿嘧啶达卡巴嗪、6-巯基嘌呤、6-硫鸟嘌呤、放线菌素D、阿霉素、阿地白介素、烷基化剂、别嘌醇钠、六甲蜜胺、氨磷汀、阿那曲唑、氨茴霉素(AMC)、抗有丝分裂剂、顺式二氯二氨铂(II)(DDP)、顺铂、二氨基二氯铂、蒽环类、抗生素、抗代谢物、天冬酰胺酶、BCG活疫苗(膀胱内)、倍他米松磷酸钠和醋酸倍他米松、比卡鲁胺、硫酸博来霉素、白消安、甲酰四氢叶酸钙、卡奇霉素、卡培他滨、卡铂、洛莫司汀(CCNU)、卡莫司汀(BSNU)、苯丁酸氮芥、顺铂、克拉屈滨、秋水仙碱、结合雌激素、环磷酰胺(Cyclophosphamide)、环磷酰胺(Cyclothosphamide)、阿糖胞苷、阿糖胞苷、细胞松弛素B、环磷氮芥、达卡巴嗪、更生霉素、放线菌素D(dactinomycin,以前为actinomycin)、盐酸柔红霉素、柠檬酸柔红霉素、地尼白介素、右雷佐生、二溴甘露醇、二羟基蒽二酮、多西他赛、甲磺酸多拉司琼、盐酸阿霉素、屈大麻酚、大肠杆菌L-天冬酰胺酶、依米丁、依泊汀-α、欧文氏菌属(Erwinia)L-天冬酰胺酶、酯化雌激素、雌二醇、雌莫司汀磷酸钠、溴化乙锭、乙炔雌二醇、依替膦酸、依托泊苷噬橙菌(citrororum)因子、磷酸依托泊苷、非格司亭、氟尿苷、氟康唑、磷酸氟达拉滨、氟尿嘧啶、氟他胺、亚叶酸、盐酸吉西他滨、糖皮质激素、醋酸戈舍瑞林、短杆菌肽D、盐酸格拉司琼、羟基脲、盐酸伊达比星、异环磷酰胺、干扰素α-2b、盐酸伊立替康、来曲唑、亚叶酸钙、醋酸亮丙瑞林、盐酸左旋咪唑、利多卡因、洛莫司汀、美登素类、盐酸氮芥、醋酸甲羟孕酮、醋酸甲地孕酮、醋酸美法仑、巯基嘌呤、美司钠、甲氨蝶呤、甲睾酮、光神霉素、丝裂霉素C、米托坦、米托蒽醌、尼鲁米特、醋酸奥曲肽、盐酸昂丹司琼、太平洋紫杉醇、帕米膦酸二钠、喷司他丁、盐酸毛果芸香碱、普利霉素(plimycin)、具有卡莫司汀植入物的聚苯丙生20、卟吩姆钠、普鲁卡因、盐酸丙卡巴肼、普萘洛尔、利妥昔单抗、沙格司亭、链脲霉素、他莫昔芬、紫杉醇、替尼泊苷、替尼泊苷、睾内酯、丁卡因、塞替派苯丁酸氮芥、硫鸟嘌呤、塞替派、盐酸托泊替康、柠檬酸托瑞米芬、曲妥珠单抗、维甲酸、戊柔比星、硫酸长春碱、硫酸长春新碱、酒石酸长春瑞滨、贝伐单抗、舒替尼、索拉非尼、2-甲氧基雌二醇或2ME2、非那舒酸(finasunate)、瓦他拉尼、凡德他尼、阿柏西普、伏洛昔单抗、埃达珠单抗(MEDI-522)、西仑吉肽、厄洛替尼、西妥昔单抗、帕尼单抗、吉非替尼、曲妥珠单抗、多韦替尼、芬妥木单抗、阿塞西普、利妥昔单抗、阿仑单抗、阿地白介素、阿塔珠单抗、托珠单抗、西罗莫司、依维莫司、鲁卡木单抗、达西珠单抗、HLL1、huN901-DM1、阿替莫德、那他珠单抗、硼替佐米、卡非佐米、玛丽佐米、坦螺旋霉素、甲磺酸沙奎那韦、利托那韦、甲磺酸奈非那韦、硫酸茚地那韦、贝利司他、帕比司他、马帕木单抗、来沙木单抗、杜兰那敏、ABT-737、奥利默森、普利提环肽、他匹莫德、P276-00、恩扎妥林、替匹法尼、哌立福新、伊马替尼、达沙替尼、拉那度胺、沙利度胺、辛伐他汀和塞来昔布。
在某些实施方案中,在用另一种化学治疗剂治疗之前,在用另一种化学治疗剂治疗期间,在施用另一种化学治疗剂之后,或其组合,将本文所述的化合物施用至受试者。
在本发明的一个方面,本文所公开的化合物可以有益地与包括放疗、化疗或其他治疗剂的任何治疗方案组合施用。
神经障碍
本文公开的化合物的其他治疗用途包括用于治疗和/或预防神经障碍。这些包括如下范围:从痴呆病症如其中细胞结构变形是常见共同特性的阿尔茨海默氏病和帕金森氏病;到眼睛疾病如角质青光眼。在本文提供的一个实施方案中是一种治疗神经障碍的方法,其包括施用有效量的本文所述的化合物。在一个实施方案中,所述神经障碍是阿尔茨海默氏病。在一个实施方案中,所述神经障碍是帕金森氏病。在一个实施方案中,所述神经障碍是肌萎缩性侧索硬化。在一个实施方案中,所述神经障碍是中枢或外周神经系统损伤、功能障碍、或源自水肿、损伤或创伤的并发症。在一个实施方案中,所述神经障碍是多发性硬化、阿尔茨海默氏病、肌萎缩性侧索硬化、帕金森氏病、亨廷顿氏病、神经性疼痛或脊髓损伤。在本发明的一个实施方案中,用于治疗神经障碍的化合物选自如本文所述的式I、II或III的化合物、或其药学上可接受的组合物、盐、同位素类似物或前药。在一个非限制性实例中,所述神经障碍是用如本文所述的式I(a)、式I(b)、式I(c)、式I(d)、式I(e)、式I(f)、式I(g)、式I(h)、式I(i)、式I(j)、式I(k)、式I(l)、式I(m)、式I(n)、式I(o)、式I(p)、式I(q)、式I(r)、式I(s)、式I(t)、式I(u)、式I(v)、式I(w)、式I(x)、式I(y)、式I(z)、式I(aa)、式I(ab)、式I(ac)、式I(ad)、式I(ae)、式I(af)、式I(ag)、式I(ah)、式I(ai)、式I(aj)、式I(ak)、式I(al)、式I(am)、式I(an)或式I(ao)、或其药学上可接受的组合物、盐、同位素类似物或前药治疗的。
根据本发明,活性成分不是以植物提取混合物或组合形式提供,而是以高纯度形式递送活性化合物。在一个实施方案中,本发明是用于治疗神经病症如阿尔茨海默氏病、帕金森氏病和痴呆症的剂型,其中不考虑填充剂、稳定剂或其他惰性或非活性成分,所述活性化合物具有至少96%、97%、98%或99%的纯度。在一个可选的实施方案中,剂型具有两种或更多种活性成分,其中仅一种活性成分选自如本文所述的式I、II或III的化合物。在另一个可选的实施方案中,剂型具有两种或更多种选自如本文所述的式I、II或III的化合物的活性成分,其中不考虑填充剂、稳定剂或其他惰性或非活性成分,每种活性化合物具有至少96%、97%、98%或99%的纯度。在另一个可选的实施方案中,剂型具有两种或更多种选自如本文所述的式I、II或III的化合物的活性成分,其中不考虑填充剂、稳定剂或其他惰性或非活性成分,每种活性化合物具有至少96%、97%、98%或99%的纯度。
神经障碍组合疗法
在本发明的一个方面,本文公开的化合物可以有益地与一种或多种其他治疗剂组合施用以产生有益、加和或协同效应来治疗神经障碍。治疗剂组合可以包括如本文所述的化合物与用于治疗神经障碍的治疗剂的使用。用于治疗神经障碍的治疗剂包括(但不限于)Abstral、脑康平(Aggrenox)、Ampyra、Amrix、Anexsia、阿波金(Apokyn)、Aptiom、ARICEPT、Avinza、Avonex、Axert、Axona、Banzel、保妥适(Botox)、Bromfenac、Butrans、Cambia、Carbaglu、Carbatrol、Cenestin、Cialis、Clonazepam、Comtan、Copaxone、Cuvposa、Cylert、Depakote、Durezol、Edluar、Eliquis、Embeda、Exalgo、Exelon、Exparel、Extavia、Fetzima、Focalin、Frova、Fycompa、Galzin、Gralise、Hetlioz、Horizant、Imitrex、Intermezzo、Intuniv、Invega、Iontocaine、Kadian、Kapvay、左乙拉西坦、Lamictal、Lazanda、Levitra、Lidoderm贴片、Lunesta、LupronDepot、Lusedra、Lyrica、Maxalt、MetadateCD、Migranal、Mirapex、Myobloc、盐酸纳曲酮、Namenda、Neupro、Neurontin、NORCO片、Northera、诺消灵(Novantrone)、Nucynta、Nuedexta、Nuvigil、Nymalize、Onfi、Onsolis、Oxecta、OxtellarXR、羟考酮和阿司匹林、Poicor、Potiga、普拉克索、Quadramet、QuillivantXR、Qutenza、Rebif、Redux、Relpax、Reminyl、Requip、Rilutek、Rozerem、Sabril、Selegiline、Silenor、Sonata、Sprix、Stavzor、Strattera、Subsys、Tasmar、Tegretol、Tivorbex、Topamax、Trileptal、TrokendiXR、Tysabri、Ultracet、UltraJect、VERSED、Viibryd、Vimpat、Vivitrol、Vpriv、Vyvanse、Xenazine、Xifaxan、Xyrem、Zanaflex、Zipsor、ZohydroER、Zomig、Zonegran和Zubsolv。
纤维化病症
在本文提供的一个实施方案中是一种治疗和/或预防纤维化病症的方法,其包括施用有效量的本文所述的化合物。
在一个实施方案中,所述纤维化病症是手术粘连、骨关节炎或明显皮肤疤痕、和类风湿性关节炎。在本文提供的一个实施方案中是一种治疗心血管纤维化病症如动脉粥样硬化或动脉硬化、肝脏纤维化病症、肾脏纤维化病症、肺纤维化病症或牙周纤维化病症的方法,其包括向有需要的受试者施用本文所述的化合物。在其他实施方案中,本文提供的化合物可以用于治疗和/或预防涉及过量胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白沉积的疾病。在另一个实施方案中,所述纤维化病症选自皮肤瘢痕瘤形成、进行性全身性硬化症、肝硬化、特发性和药理学诱导的肺纤维化、慢性移植物抗宿主病、硬皮病(局部和全身)、佩罗尼氏病、药理学诱导的阴茎纤维化、膀胱镜后尿道狭窄、手术后内部粘连、骨髓纤维化、和特发性和药理学诱导的腹膜后纤维化。在本发明的一个实施方案中,用于治疗纤维化病症的化合物选自如本文所述的式I、II或III的化合物、或其药学上可接受的组合物、盐、同位素类似物或前药。在一个非限制性实例中,所述纤维化病症是用如本文所述的式I(a)、式I(b)、式I(c)、式I(d)、式I(e)、式I(f)、式I(g)、式I(h)、式I(i)、式I(j)、式I(k)、式I(l)、式I(m)、式I(n)、式I(o)、式I(p)、式I(q)、式I(r)、式I(s)、式I(t)、式I(u)、式I(v)、式I(w)、式I(x)、式I(y)、式I(z)、式I(aa)、式I(ab)、式I(ac)、式I(ad)、式I(ae)、式I(af)、式I(ag)、式I(ah)、式I(ai)、式I(aj)、式I(ak)、式I(al)、式I(am)、式I(an)或式I(ao),或其药学上可接受的组合物、盐、同位素类似物或前药治疗的。
根据本发明,活性成分不是以植物提取混合物或组合形式提供,而是以高纯度形式递送活性化合物。在一个实施方案中,本发明是用于治疗纤维化病症的剂型,其中不考虑填充剂、稳定剂或其他惰性或非活性成分,所述活性化合物具有至少96%、97%、98%或99%的纯度。在一个可选的实施方案中,剂型具有两种或更多种活性成分,其中仅一种活性成分选自如本文所述的式I、II或III的化合物。在另一个可选的实施方案中,剂型具有两种或更多种选自如本文所述的式I、II或III的化合物的活性成分,其中不考虑填充剂、稳定剂或其他惰性或非活性成分,每种活性化合物具有至少96%、97%、98%或99%的纯度。
纤维化组合疗法
在本发明的一个方面,本文公开的化合物可以有益地与一种或多种用于治疗纤维化病症的治疗剂组合施用以提供有益、加和或协同效应。用于治疗纤维化病症的治疗剂包括(但不限于)皮质类固醇如强的松、环磷酰胺硫唑嘌呤N-乙酰基半胱氨酸(NAC)和吡非尼酮
药物组合物和剂型
在一个方面,本发明提供一种药物组合物,其包含药学上有效量的本发明化合物和药学上可接受的载体。
本文提供的化合物以治疗有效量施用以用于医学治疗。所施用的化合物的量通常将由医师根据相关情况决定,所述情况包括待治疗的病状、所选施用途径、所施用的化合物、个体患者的年龄、体重和反应、患者症状的严重程度等。
本文提供的药物组合物可以利用适于所述施用的药物载体通过多种途径施用,包括经口、肠胃外、局部、直肠、皮下、静脉内、肌内和鼻内。在一个实施方案中,所述化合物是以控制释放制剂施用的。
用于经口施用的组合物可以采用散装液体溶液或悬浮液、或散装粉末形式。通常,所述组合物以单位剂型呈现以促进精确给药。术语“单位剂型”是指适合作为用于人类受试者和其他哺乳动物的单位剂量的物理离散单元,每个单元含有计算以产生所需治疗效果的预定量的活性物质,以及合适的药物赋形剂。在固体组合物的情况下,典型的单位剂型包括液体组合物的预填充、预测量的安瓿或注射器,或丸剂、片剂、胶囊等。在这些组合物中,所述化合物通常是次要组分(作为非限制性实例,约0.1重量%至约50重量%或优选地约1重量%至约40重量%),其中其余物是有助于形成所需剂型的各种媒介物或载体和加工助剂。在一个实施方案中,所述化合物以约1重量%至约10重量%存在。
用于局部施用的组合物可以采用乳液、乳膏、洗剂、溶液、无水棒、血清等形式。所述组合物可以包括约0.1重量%至约50重量%的式I化合物。在一个实施方案中,所述组合物可以包括约0.1重量%至约10重量%的式I化合物。
适于经口施用的液体形式可包括具有缓冲剂、悬浮和分散剂、着色剂、调味剂等的合适的水性或非水性媒介物。固体形式可包括例如任何以下成分,或具有类似性质的化合物:粘合剂如微晶纤维素、黄蓍胶或明胶;赋形剂如淀粉或乳糖;崩解剂如海藻酸、Primogel或玉米淀粉;润滑剂如硬脂酸镁;助流剂如胶体二氧化硅;甜味剂如蔗糖或糖精;或调味剂如薄荷、水杨酸甲酯或橙调味剂。
可注射组合物通常是基于可注射无菌盐水或磷酸盐缓冲盐水或本领域中已知的其他可注射载体。
用于可经口施用或可注射组合物的上述组分仅具代表性。其他材料以及加工技术等阐述于雷明顿药物科学(Remington'sPharmaceuticalSciences),第17版,1985,MackPublishingCompany,Easton,Pennsylvania的第8部分中,所述文献以引用的方式并入本文中。
本发明的化合物还可以持续释放形式施用或来自持续释放药物递送系统。代表性持续释放材料的描述可以见于雷明顿药物科学(Remington’sPharmaceuticalSciences)。
在某些实施方案中,制剂包含水。在另一个实施方案中,所述制剂包含环糊精衍生物。在某些实施方案中,所述制剂包含六丙基-β-环糊精。在一个更具体实施方案中,所述制剂包含六丙基-β-环糊精(10-50%于水中)。
本发明还包括本发明化合物的药学上可接受的化合物酸加成盐。用于制备所述药学上可接受的盐的酸是形成无毒酸加成盐、即含有药理学上可接受的阴离子的盐的那些,例如盐酸盐、氢碘酸盐、氢溴酸盐、硝酸盐、硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐、磷酸盐、醋酸盐、乳酸盐、柠檬酸盐、酒石酸盐、琥珀酸盐、马来酸盐、富马酸盐、苯甲酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐等。
合成
活性化合物的制备:
所公开的化合物可通过以下一般方案制备。
方案1
方案2
方案3
在方案1步骤1中,使妥尔油或红花油在低温下从有机溶剂如丙酮中结晶,产生亚油酸。在步骤2中,使亚油酸与亚硫酰氯在有机溶剂组合如二甲基甲酰胺和环己烷中在低温下直接反应,产生酰氯。在步骤3中,使吡硫钠与溴三氯甲烷直接反应。将所得络合物与来自步骤2的酰氯直接反应,产生溴二烯。在步骤4中,通过使呋喃与正丁基锂直接反应来产生锂化呋喃。在步骤5中,使锂化的正丁基锂与来自步骤3的溴化物直接反应,产生呋喃衍生物。
在方案2步骤4中,通过使噻吩与正丁基锂直接反应来产生锂化噻吩。在步骤5中,使锂化噻吩与方案1步骤3的溴化物直接反应,产生噻吩衍生物。
在方案3中,使吡咯与酸在锌粉存在下直接反应以产生酮。在步骤2中,使所述酮与还原剂如硼氢化钠在质子溶剂如2-丙醇中直接反应,产生吡咯衍生物。
在另一个实施方案中,可以通过使用FriedelCraft条件使呋喃或噻吩与酰氯直接反应来制备式I化合物。所得酮可在质子溶剂如2-丙醇中用还原剂如硼氢化钠还原。可选地,所述酮可以与乙硫醇直接反应以产生硫缩酮。所述硫缩酮可使用雷尼镍还原。
在另一个实施方案中,式I化合物可以通过使糠醛或噻吩醛与Wittig试剂直接反应以产生烯烃衍生物来制备。
在另一个实施方案中,2-(三正丁基甲锡烷基)吡咯和酰氯可以使用Stille偶联条件直接反应,参见Mohamed,Y.M.A.和Hansen,T.V.,Synthesisofmycalazolandmycalazalanalogswithpotentantiproliferatingactivities,纯粹和应用化学(Purr.Appl.Chem.),83:489-493,2011。所得酮可以通过使酮与钯/碳在氢气气氛下在质子溶剂如乙醇和酸催化剂如硫酸中直接反应而还原为相应的烷烃。
实施例
实施例1
2-(8Z,11Z-十七碳二烯基)呋喃的合成(方案1)
步骤1.高纯度亚油酸的制备
A1)获得源自天然天然葡萄籽(60%nc-10%c)或红花(60%nc-10%c)的共轭(“c”)和优先非共轭(“nc”)亚油酸(C18)。
B)2:1混合植物油与已添加有0.5%wt/wt的念珠菌藿香酶(Amano12K)的纯化水或使用固定化酶床并使水和油混合物再循环。在两种实施例中在氮气层下维持温度不超过40℃并且不低于35℃。如果酶自由混合,则保持在允许容器内含物每60秒完全再循环并持续24小时的混合下。停止反应并向溶液中添加庚烷或其他非极性溶剂(约0.5:1比率),搅拌并在氮气和低光下倒出。重复三次,获得脂肪酸。在氮气下蒸发溶剂。
A2)可选并优先地获得妥尔油脂肪酸,其主要是以90%非共轭和10%共轭分布的亚油酸(75%)。
C)混合在B中或在A2中获得的脂肪酸并以1份脂肪酸与3份丙酮的比率(重量:重量)与丙酮混合并且从1至6小时达到-40℃并在-40℃下保持48小时。
D)使用标称5-15微米过滤器在冷却至小于-35℃下的同时真空过滤。蒸发溶剂以回收非常高纯度的亚油酸(>95%)。
E)使用标准分离方案用快速色谱法或临界流体色谱法回收99%纯亚油酸(非共轭)。
步骤2.亚麻酰基氯的制备
A)向12,000份冷却(5℃)环己烷和3000份冷却(5℃)亚油酸中添加5份DMF(二甲基甲酰胺)并在冰浴中在0.2-0.4L/min的氮气流下搅拌。
B)以3至4mL/min逐滴添加冷却(5℃)亚硫酰氯SOCl2。
C)在全部亚硫酰氯添加后,使冰浴达到室温并在氮气流下持续搅拌24小时或直至所有气体逸出停止。
D)从焦油层倒出环己烷并在氮气下蒸发以回收透明的琥珀色液体。完全密封储存在玻璃容器中。产物以90%产率获得。
步骤3.溴二烯的制备
A)将C5H5NOS(吡硫钠)和BrCCl3(溴三氯甲烷)一起混合在玻璃容器中并在5℃下放置24小时以诱导晶体形成。
B)将来自步骤A的混合物添加至冰浴中的5℃冷却环己烷并且开始0.1-0.3L/min的氮气流。
C)在不超过3-4ml/min下向步骤B中的反应器混合物逐滴添加来自步骤2)的5℃冷却亚油酰氯。
D)在来自步骤2的所有亚油酰氯已经添加后,在氮气流下持续搅拌。使冰浴熔融。
E)注意到颜色变成黄色/红色,指示溴二烯形成。
F)接着倒出并使用快速色谱法回收溴二烯。产物以50%产率分离。
步骤4:锂化呋喃的制备
1)制备丁基锂于己烷中的1M溶液。注意:不冷却低于10℃以防止凝结。
2)向5℃冷却THF中添加5℃冷却呋喃。
3)维持冰浴。
4)在约3-4ml/min下向冷却呋喃/THF溶液中逐滴添加含丁基锂的己烷。
5)在已添加所有丁基锂后维持冰浴并搅拌不超过2小时。锂化呋喃以90%产率获得。
步骤5:2-(8Z,11Z-十七碳二烯基)呋喃的合成
1.一起添加约1份环己烷和1份来自步骤3的溴二烯并冷却至5℃并在约0.1至0.4L/min下开始氮气流。维持温度并搅拌。
2.在约3-4ml/min下逐滴添加5℃冷却的来自步骤4的锂化呋喃。维持温度并搅拌。
3.注意到颜色变为深红棕色。在所有锂化呋喃已经添加后,维持冷却反应、氮气流并搅拌一小时。
4.在一小时后使温度升高至环境温度,然后维持搅拌和氮气,持续12小时。
5.用与异丙醇或乙醇(1:1)混合的3%盐水溶液洗涤产物三次,并倒出,蒸发溶剂。
6.利用色谱法纯化。
实施例2
2-(8Z,11Z-十七碳二烯基)噻吩的合成(方案2)
如实施例1中所述进行步骤1-3。
步骤4:锂化噻吩的合成:
1)制备丁基锂于己烷中的1M溶液。注意:不冷却低于10℃以防止凝结。
2)向5℃冷却环己烷中添加5℃冷却噻吩。
3)维持冰浴。
4)在约3-4ml/min下向冷却噻吩/环己烷溶液中逐滴添加含丁基锂的己烷。
5)在所有丁基锂已经添加后维持冰浴并搅拌不超过2小时。
6)以标准方式处理以获得产物。
步骤5:2-(8Z,11Z-十七碳二烯基)噻吩的合成
1.一起添加约1份环己烷和1份来自步骤3的溴二烯并冷却至5℃并在约0.1至0.4L/min下开始氮气流。维持温度并搅拌。
2.在约3-4ml/min下逐滴添加5℃冷却的来自步骤4的锂化噻吩。维持温度并搅拌。
3.在所有锂化噻吩已经添加后,维持冷却反应、氮气流并搅拌一小时。
4.在一小时后使温度升高至环境温度,然后维持搅拌和氮气,持续12小时。
5.用与异丙醇或乙醇(1:1)混合的3%盐水溶液洗涤产物三次,并倒出,蒸发溶剂。
6.利用色谱法纯化。产物以85%产率获得。
实施例3
2-(8Z,11Z-十七碳二烯基)吡咯的合成(方案3)
步骤1:将吡咯(2.0g,29.8mmol)、8Z,11Z-十六烷二烯酸(17.83g,44.7mmol)和锌粉(3.88g,59.7mmol)于甲苯(75ml)中的混合物在室温下搅拌,直至吡咯不再可通过薄层色谱法或HPLC检测。将反应物用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(50ml)淬灭并用乙酸乙酯(3×30ml)萃取。将合并的有机层用水洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤并在真空中浓缩。通过使用用二氯甲烷-甲醇梯度洗脱的硅胶柱色谱法来纯化产物。
步骤2:
在环境温度下向来自步骤1的酮(1.63g,5.18mmol)于150ml2-丙醇中的搅拌溶液中缓慢添加硼氢化钠(1.34g,36.26mmol)。将反应物在回流下加热并通过薄层色谱法或HPLC监测。一旦不再检测到原料,就将反应物倒入150ml冰水中并且用10%HCl水溶液酸化溶液。用二氯甲烷(3×50ml)萃取反应物。将合并的有机萃取物用水、盐水洗涤,并经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤并在真空中浓缩。通过使用用二氯甲烷-甲醇梯度洗脱的硅胶柱色谱法来纯化产物。
实施例4
2-(8Z,11Z-十七碳二烯基)呋喃制剂
根据本发明的一个实施方案,
2-(8Z,11Z-十七碳二烯基)呋喃
制备一种制剂,其包含纯度大于98%的2-(8Z,11Z-十七碳二烯基)呋喃和纯度大于98%的式I化合物,比率为80份:20份。将两种组分添加至植物油基质并封装用于人类经口消耗。以成品产物的百分比形式表示的2-(8Z,11Z-十七碳二烯基)呋喃和式I化合物的总量可以在0.1%至100%内改变,其中优选量为约5%。植物油载体可选自任何通常制造供人类消耗者。
实施例5
脂类呋喃制剂
根据本发明的另一个实施方案,
2-(8Z,11Z-十七碳二烯基)呋喃
脂类呋喃2-(8Z,11Z-十七碳二烯基)呋喃可以并入植物油基质中用于经口给与的药物应用。在这种情况下,优选提供不小于98%的更大纯度的化合物以确保所需结果的一致和可预测后果并且利用其一般长期稳定性。以成品产物的百分比形式表示的化合物的总量可以在0.1%至100%内改变,其中对于更好的饮食摄取和在通常提供用于人类消耗的植物油媒介物中的吸收,优选量为约5%。
实施例6
式I(n)抑制侵袭性肿瘤细胞迁移
使用膜侵袭培养系统(MICS)腔室测试了式I(n)对MDA-MB231和Hs578T侵袭性乳腺肿瘤细胞的迁移的影响。MDA-MB231细胞是乳腺癌细胞并且可获自ATCC(CailleauR等,Long-termhumanbreastcarcinomacelllinesofmetastaticorigin:preliminarycharacterization.InVitro14:911-915,1978)。Hs578T细胞是乳腺癌细胞并且可获自ATCC(HackettAJ等,Twosyngeneiccelllinesfromhumanbreasttissue:theaneuploidmammaryepithelial(Hs578T)andthediploidmyoepithelial(Hs578Bst)celllines.美国国立癌症研究所杂志(J.Natl.cancerInst.)58:1795-1806,1977)。
将膜侵袭培养系统(MICS)腔室与预浸泡在明胶中的Crosstex10μm聚碳酸酯膜一起组装12小时。下部孔用补充有10%FBS和在0-20μl/10ml甲醇中稀释的0、5、10μl/10ml式I(n)的DMEM完全装载。上部孔用1ml不含血清不含酚红的培养基和相应的式I(n)/甲醇溶液装载。每孔装载100,000个细胞并且将所述腔室在37℃下温育24小时。在温育后,去除来自腔室上部的培养基并且用Kimwipe擦去来自膜上表面的非迁移性细胞。通过将细胞浸没在100%MeOH中而将所述细胞固定在膜上。将细胞在曙红溶液中染色25秒并且在结晶紫溶液中染色35秒。将膜在水中冲洗,放置在用浸油预先处理的显微镜载玻片上,盖上盖玻片并且在光学显微镜下对细胞进行计数。一式三份地测量每种样品。
如图1中所述,用5μl或10μl/10ml式I(n)处理细胞并且相比于未被处理的对照孔和暴露于相同浓度的用作式I(n)的溶剂的甲醇(10μl/10ml)的对照孔进行评估。如图1中所示,式I(n)显著抑制MDA-MB231和Hs578T乳腺癌细胞系中的肿瘤细胞迁移。
实施例7
式I(n)促进稳定的间质细胞表型
肿瘤细胞行为在很大程度上受到周围基质细胞的表型和上皮细胞与间质细胞类型之间的相互作用的影响。为了确定式I(n)是否还影响间质细胞,测试在式I(n)存在下的成纤维细胞的迁移能力。
用200μl移液管尖端的前端刮擦包皮成纤维细胞(Clonetics)的汇合培养物,用PBS冲洗一次并且将培养基更换为含有0μl/10ml(图2A、2D、2G)、5μl/10ml(图2B、2E、2H)或10μl/10ml(图2C、2F)式I(n)的不含血清的培养基。在刮擦后的0小时(图2A、2B、2C)、12小时(图2D、2E、2F)或24小时(图2G、2H)下拍摄照片并且测量迁移缘之间的距离(以像素计)。图3是在施用式I(n)后的迁移缘之间的距离(如以像素计所测量)相对于时间(小时)的曲线图。
到24小时,对照(0μl式I(n))细胞已经完全闭合体外伤口(图2G和图3)。相比之下,式I(n)处理的细胞显示降低的迁移,对于较高式I(n)浓度,几乎完全减弱(图2E、2F、2H和图3)。
实施例8
式I(n)诱导细胞骨架重构并抑制肿瘤细胞增殖
接着对式I(n)分析其诱导细胞骨架重构的能力。在预汇合阶段用0(图4A)、5μl(图4B)或10μl(图4C)式I(n)处理成纤维细胞24小时并用鬼笔环肽(肌动蛋白绿)和碘化丙啶(核红)染色。式I(n)处理的细胞揭示肌动蛋白细胞骨架的染色强度的浓度依赖性增加,相比于对照在粘连位点有众多丝状伪足和降低的染色,这与降低的细胞迁移相一致(关于细胞迁移的进一步讨论,参见http://www.cellmigration.org/science/#overview)。
汇合MDA-MB231乳腺癌细胞用0(图4.D)、5μl(E)或10μl(F)式I(n)处理24小时并用鬼笔环肽(肌动蛋白绿)和碘化丙啶(核红)染色。预汇合MDA-MB231乳腺癌细胞(图4)用0(G)、或5μl(H)μl式I(n)处理24小时并用鬼笔环肽(肌动蛋白绿)和碘化丙啶(核红)染色。
如图4中所示,式I(n)处理的肿瘤细胞变成拉长的纺锤形,并与它们的迁移能力降低相一致,肌动蛋白长丝在突起中形成长的平行束和穗状薄感官丝状伪足,但不是宽的板状伪足,这对于细胞运动打下坚实的基础。另外,在两种式I(n)浓度下和在细胞汇合的两个阶段下,在用式I(n)处理后,细胞密度显著降低,因此减少了肿瘤细胞增殖。
实施例9
在式I(n)处理的细胞中粘着斑激酶(FAK)[Tyr576]磷酸化降低
先前已显示,各种侵袭性乳腺肿瘤细胞的迁移能力降低,所述细胞包括MDA-MB231、Hs578T(PayneSL,FogelgrenB,HessAR,SeftorEA,FongSFT,CsiszarK,HendrixMJC和KirschmannDA.Lysyloxidaseregulatesbreastcancercellmigrationandadhesionthroughahydrogenperoxide-mediatedmechanism.癌症研究(CancerRes.)65:11429-36,2005)和星形细胞瘤细胞(LaczkoR,SzauterKM,JansenMK,HollosiP,MuranyiM,MolnarJ,FongKSK,HinekA,CsiszarK.Activelysyloxidase(LOX)correlateswithFAK/paxillinactivationandmigrationininvasiveastrocytes.神经病理与应用神经生物学(NeuropatholApplNeurobiol.)33:631-43,2007),这是由于粘着斑激酶(FAK)的活化降低和SRC和/或桩蛋白信号传导减弱。为了确定式I(n)处理细胞的FAK活化状态,分析用5μl和10μl式I(n)处理的Hs578T细胞中的FAK[Tyr576]的磷酸化状态。
在这些实验中,将Hs578T细胞在标准DMEM、1x抗生素和10%FBS中培养。在达到汇合后,将细胞用PBS冲洗一次并且培养基更换为不含血清不含酚红的DMEM。将细胞用0、5或10μl式I(n)/10ml培养基在20μlMeOH中处理3天。收集来自6天汇合调节细胞培养基的蛋白质并且使用补充有Halt蛋白酶抑制剂(Pierce)和磷酸酶抑制剂Na3VO4(10mM)和NaF(160mM)的M-PER哺乳动物蛋白质提取试剂(Pierce,Rockford,IL,USA)的提取细胞溶解产物样品。在细胞溶解后,使用PolarstarOptima微板读取器(BMGLabtechnologies,Durham,NC,USA)确定具有Bradford试剂的蛋白质浓度,并且将20μg蛋白质用于SDS-PAGE蛋白质测定法。将蛋白质样品在10%聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上进行尺寸分离并使用半干的Bio-Rad(Hercules,CA,USA)转移系统转移在PVDF膜(Millipore,Billerica,MA,USA)上。进行所述PVDF膜的丽春红染色以确保相等装载。将所述膜在4℃下用含5%脱脂奶粉的PBST阻断过夜。将膜在PBST中洗涤,并且在室温下将兔抗FAK[pTyr576](1:1000,BiosourceInc.,Camarillo,CA,USA)抗体施加在膜上持续1小时。然后将膜在PBST中洗涤并用抗山羊(JacksonImmunoResearch,Baltimore,PA,USA)辣根过氧化物酶结合的二级抗体温育以用于化学发光检测。随后,将膜在PBS中洗涤并用ECL+免疫印迹试剂混合物(AmershamPharmaciaBiotech)温育。
如图5中所示,式I(n)诱导FAK[Tyr576]磷酸化的浓度依赖性降低。
实施例10
化合物在乳腺肿瘤体内的功效
在以下实施例中使用HER2驱动的乳腺癌模型(MullerWJ,SinnE,PattengalePK,WallaceR,LederP.Single-stepinductionofmammaryadenocarcinomaintransgenicmicebearingtheactivatedc-neuoncogene.细胞(Cell)1988;54:105-15),其表达由MMTV启动子驱动的c-neu(人类HER2的小鼠直系同源基因)。
产生MMTV-neu小鼠并且在哺乳后观察,其中观察到肿瘤具有约25周的中值潜伏期。当肿瘤达到容许容易连续评估的标准尺寸(50-60mm3)时,小鼠入选疗法研究中。带肿瘤小鼠连续地用添加至饲料中的活性化合物进行治疗。每周一次检查MMTV-c-neu小鼠以通过触诊评估肿瘤发展。通过如下公式计算肿瘤体积:体积=[(宽度)2×长度]/2。由于预定发病率、肿瘤溃疡或直径大于1.5cm的肿瘤尺寸,在指定时间对带肿瘤小鼠进行安乐死。
已关于本发明的实施方案对本说明书进行描述。已关于通过所附实施例说明的各种实施方案对本发明进行描述。然而,本发明可以不同形式进行实施并且不应理解为局限于本文所阐述的实施方案。考虑到本文的教导,本领域普通技术人员将能够针对所需目的来修改本发明并且这些变化被视为在本发明的范围内。
Claims (41)
1.一种用于治疗宿主中的癌症的方法,其包括向有需要的宿主施用有效量的式I、II或III的化合物:
其中:
每个Z独立地是O、S或NR5;
其中R1、R2、R3和R4是相同或不同的,分别代表氢原子,C1-C35烷基基团;C1-C35烯基基团;或C1-C35炔基基团;所述烷基、烯基和炔基基团任选地被一个或多个卤素取代和/或被一个或多个选自以下的官能团取代:环氧基、羟基(--OH)、硫醇(--SH)、醚(OR5)、伯胺(--NH2)、仲胺(--NHR5)、叔胺(--NR5R6)、醛(--CHO)、酮(--COR5)、乙酰基(--O--CO--R5)官能团,其中R5和R6分别代表氢原子、C1-C35烷基基团、C1-C35烯基基团或C1-C35炔基基团;和,
其中所述式I、II或III的化合物具有大于98%的纯度。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中R1、R2、R3或R4是具有包含C10-C22的碳链的烷基基团、烯基基团或炔基基团。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中R1、R2、R3或R4是具有包含C13-C17的碳链的烷基基团、烯基基团或炔基基团。
4.如权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的方法,其中R5或R6是具有包含C10-C22的碳链的烷基基团、烯基基团或炔基基团。
5.如权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的方法,其中R5或R6是具有包含C13-C17的碳链的烷基基团、烯基基团或炔基基团。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述化合物是:
其中:
Z独立地是O、S、NR5;
R1=R2=R3=H;
R4是任选地如上文所定义被取代的包含两个或更多个双键的C9-C20烷基链。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述化合物是:
其中:
R1是任选地如上文所定义被取代的包含两个或更多个双键的C9-C20烷基链。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述化合物是:
9.如权利要求1至8中的任一项所述的方法,其中所述癌症是实体肿瘤。
10.如权利要求1至9中的任一项所述的方法,其中所述实体肿瘤是乳腺癌。
11.如权利要求1至10中的任一项所述的方法,其中所述乳腺癌是侵袭性乳腺癌。
12.如权利要求1至9中的任一项所述的方法,其中所述实体肿瘤是肺癌。
13.如权利要求1至9中的任一项所述的方法,其中所述实体肿瘤是结肠癌。
14.如权利要求1至13中的任一项所述的方法,其中所述宿主是人类。
15.如权利要求1至14中的任一项所述的方法,其中所述化合物是与第二治疗剂组合施用的,其中所述第二治疗剂是化学治疗剂。
16.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述癌症是乳腺癌。
17.一种治疗具有神经障碍的受试者的方法,其包括向有需要的宿主施用有效量的式I、II或III的化合物:
其中:
每个Z独立地是O、S或NR5;
其中R1、R2、R3和R4是相同或不同的,分别代表氢原子,C1-C35烷基基团;C1-C35烯基基团;或C1-C35炔基基团;所述烷基、烯基和炔基基团任选地被一个或多个卤素取代和/或被一个或多个选自以下的官能团取代:环氧基、羟基(--OH)、硫醇(--SH)、醚(OR5)、伯胺(--NH2)、仲胺(--NHR5)、叔胺(--NR5R6)、醛(--CHO)、酮(--COR5)、乙酰基(--O--CO--R5)官能团,其中R5和R6分别代表氢原子、C1-C35烷基基团、C1-C35烯基基团或C1-C35炔基基团;和,
其中所述式I、II或III的化合物具有大于98%的纯度。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法,其中R1、R2、R3或R4是具有包含C10-C22的碳链的烷基基团、烯基基团或炔基基团。
19.如权利要求17所述的方法,其中R1、R2、R3或R4是具有包含C13-C17的碳链的烷基基团、烯基基团或炔基基团。
20.如权利要求17至18中的任一项所述的方法,其中R5或R6是具有包含C10-C22的碳链的烷基基团、烯基基团或炔基基团。
21.如权利要求20所述的方法,其中R5或R6是具有包含C13-C17的碳链的烷基基团、烯基基团或炔基基团。
22.如权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述化合物是:
其中:
Z独立地是O、S、NR5;
R1=R2=R3=H;
R4是任选地如上文所定义被取代的包含两个或更多个双键的C9-C20烷基链。
23.如权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述化合物是:
其中:
R1是任选地如上文所定义被取代的包含两个或更多个双键的C9-C20烷基链。
24.如权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述化合物是:
25.如权利要求17至24所述的方法,其中所述宿主是人类。
26.如权利要求17至25所述的方法,其中所述神经障碍是阿尔茨海默氏病、帕金森氏病或痴呆症。
27.如权利要求24所述的方法,其中所述神经障碍是阿尔茨海默氏病、帕金森氏病或痴呆症。
28.一种治疗具有纤维化病症的受试者的方法,其包括向有需要的宿主施用有效量的式I、II或III的化合物:
其中:
每个Z独立地是O、S或NR5;
其中R1、R2、R3和R4是相同或不同的,分别代表氢原子,C1-C35烷基基团;C1-C35烯基基团;或C1-C35炔基基团;所述烷基、烯基和炔基基团任选地被一个或多个卤素取代和/或被一个或多个选自以下的官能团取代:环氧基、羟基(--OH)、硫醇(--SH)、醚(OR5)、伯胺(--NH2)、仲胺(--NHR5)、叔胺(--NR5R6)、醛(--CHO)、酮(--COR5)、乙酰基(--O--CO--R5)官能团,其中R5和R6分别代表氢原子、C1-C35烷基基团、C1-C35烯基基团或C1-C35炔基基团;和,
其中所述式I、II或III的化合物具有大于98%的纯度。
29.如权利要求28所述的方法,其中R1、R2、R3或R4是具有包含C10-C22的碳链的烷基基团、烯基基团或炔基基团。
30.如权利要求29所述的方法,其中R1、R2、R3或R4是具有包含C13-C17的碳链的烷基基团、烯基基团或炔基基团。
31.如权利要求28至30中的任一项所述的方法,其中R5或R6是具有包含C10-C22的碳链的烷基基团、烯基基团或炔基基团。
32.如权利要求31所述的方法,其中R5或R6是具有包含C13-C17的碳链的烷基基团、烯基基团或炔基基团。
33.如权利要求28所述的方法,其中所述化合物是:
其中:
Z独立地是O、S、NR5;
R1=R2=R3=H;
R4是任选地如上文所定义被取代的包含两个或更多个双键的C9-C20烷基链。
34.如权利要求28所述的方法,其中所述化合物是:
其中:
R1是任选地如上文所定义被取代的包含两个或更多个双键的C9-C20烷基链。
35.如权利要求28所述的方法,其中所述化合物是:
36.如权利要求28至35所述的方法,其中所述宿主是人类。
37.如权利要求28至35所述的方法,其中所述纤维化病症例如可起源于关节、或心血管、肺、肝脏、肾脏和眼部疾病和来自手术程序或非手术程序的粘连。
38.如权利要求35所述的方法,其中所述纤维化病症选自手术粘连、骨关节炎、类风湿性关节炎和肺纤维化。
39.一种如权利要求1至8中的任一项所述的化合物的用途,其用于制造供治疗宿主中的癌症的药物。
40.一种如权利要求17至24中的任一项所述的化合物的用途,其用于制造供治疗宿主中的神经障碍的药物。
41.一种如权利要求28至35中的任一项所述的化合物的用途,其用于制造供治疗宿主中的纤维化病症的药物。
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US20050004211A1 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2005-01-06 | Kaohsiung Medical University | Pharmaceutical compositions comprising aryl-substituted acyclic enediyne compounds |
FR2870742B1 (fr) | 2004-05-28 | 2008-03-14 | Expanscience Laboratoires Sa | Utilisation d'alkyle furannes pour la preparation d'un medicament destine au traitement du diabete, de l'obesite et pour le traitement cosmetique de la cellulite et de la surcharge ponderale |
PL1750695T3 (pl) * | 2004-05-28 | 2010-08-31 | Expanscience Lab | Zastosowanie alkilofuranów do wytwarzania leku przeznaczonego do leczenia otyłości i do kosmetycznego leczenia nadwagi ciała |
FR2870740B1 (fr) * | 2005-03-21 | 2008-06-13 | Expanscience Sa Lab | Utilisation d'alkyle furannes pour le traitement cosmetique de la cellulite |
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JP2008201003A (ja) | 2007-02-20 | 2008-09-04 | Canon Inc | インクジェット記録装置及びその記録ヘッド回復方法 |
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-
2014
- 2014-03-28 CA CA2908505A patent/CA2908505A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-03-28 CN CN202010237994.4A patent/CN111285841A/zh not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-03-28 CN CN201480019528.1A patent/CN105209037A/zh active Pending
- 2014-03-28 JP JP2016505591A patent/JP6532860B2/ja active Active
- 2014-03-28 WO PCT/US2014/032177 patent/WO2014160940A2/en active Application Filing
- 2014-03-28 AU AU2014240950A patent/AU2014240950B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2014-03-28 US US14/229,130 patent/US9371302B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-03-28 EP EP14772672.3A patent/EP2978422A4/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2016
- 2016-05-23 US US15/162,074 patent/US9814694B2/en active Active
-
2017
- 2017-10-12 US US15/782,535 patent/US10085962B2/en active Active
-
2018
- 2018-08-23 US US16/110,778 patent/US10525031B2/en active Active
-
2019
- 2019-12-19 US US16/721,638 patent/US11058663B2/en active Active
-
2021
- 2021-01-14 US US17/149,549 patent/US11833129B2/en active Active
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US5468490A (en) * | 1993-10-25 | 1995-11-21 | Conkle & Olesten | Lipidic furans useful for skin therapeutics |
US7037937B2 (en) * | 2001-04-20 | 2006-05-02 | Parker Hughes Institute | Cytotoxic compounds |
US20050124684A1 (en) * | 2003-08-29 | 2005-06-09 | Ying Du | 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural and derivatives as inhibitors of TNFalpha and IL-1beta production |
Also Published As
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US9814694B2 (en) | 2017-11-14 |
EP2978422A2 (en) | 2016-02-03 |
US20180360798A1 (en) | 2018-12-20 |
WO2014160940A3 (en) | 2014-12-31 |
US20160263080A1 (en) | 2016-09-15 |
CA2908505A1 (en) | 2014-10-02 |
US10085962B2 (en) | 2018-10-02 |
US9371302B2 (en) | 2016-06-21 |
US20210137876A1 (en) | 2021-05-13 |
AU2014240950B2 (en) | 2018-11-01 |
CN111285841A (zh) | 2020-06-16 |
US10525031B2 (en) | 2020-01-07 |
US20200237709A1 (en) | 2020-07-30 |
EP2978422A4 (en) | 2017-04-05 |
JP2016515585A (ja) | 2016-05-30 |
WO2014160940A2 (en) | 2014-10-02 |
US20140309274A1 (en) | 2014-10-16 |
US20180050013A1 (en) | 2018-02-22 |
US11058663B2 (en) | 2021-07-13 |
JP6532860B2 (ja) | 2019-06-19 |
US11833129B2 (en) | 2023-12-05 |
AU2014240950A1 (en) | 2015-10-22 |
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