CN105186749A - Hybrid excitation permanent magnet motor with duplex windings on ring-shaped yokes - Google Patents
Hybrid excitation permanent magnet motor with duplex windings on ring-shaped yokes Download PDFInfo
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- CN105186749A CN105186749A CN201510694254.2A CN201510694254A CN105186749A CN 105186749 A CN105186749 A CN 105186749A CN 201510694254 A CN201510694254 A CN 201510694254A CN 105186749 A CN105186749 A CN 105186749A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hybrid excitation permanent magnet motor with duplex windings on ring-shaped yokes. The permanent magnet motor is characterized in that stator slots of a stator include armature slots and excitation slots; the armature slots and the excitation slots are alternately arranged at intervals along the circumference; an armature winding is arranged in each armature slot; the armature winding is powered by alternating current; an excitation winding is arranged in each excitation slot; the excitation winding is powered by direct current with changeless direction; main air gaps exist between stator teeth and rotor teeth; upper stator slot yokes in the slots in which the excitation windings are located are radially disconnected and auxiliary air gaps exist in the yokes; magnetic flux on the stator teeth is changed through interaction of armature current magnetic fields, exciting current magnetic fields and magnetic fields generated by permanent magnets; and torque is generated by utilizing change of the magnetic resistance between the stator and a rotor. The permanent magnet motor has the effects of effectively reducing the number of power switch devices, reducing the possibility that the power switch devices in a motor control circuit have failures and improving the reliability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ring-shaped yoke portion double winding composite excitation permanent magnet motor.
Background technology
In recent years, along with the raising of permanent magnetic material resistance to elevated temperatures and the reduction of price, magneto obtains applying more widely in national defence, industrial and agricultural production and daily life etc., forward high-power, high performance and microminiaturized future development.The power of current magneto is from a few milliwatt to a few megawatt, and the large-scale magneto that range of application is drawn from toy motor, commercial Application to naval vessel, is widely applied in national economy, daily life, war industry, aerospace various aspects.
Regular alternating current magneto is divided into following a few class usually: asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motor, brushless, permanently excited direct current motor, speed governing permanent magnet synchronous motor.
Brshless DC motor, with substantially identical on speed governing permanent magnetic synchronous motor structure, stator be polyphase windings, rotor has permanent magnet, and their main distinction is that brshless DC motor realizes motor synchronizing according to rotor position information.Their advantage is: (1) eliminates brush-commutated device, and reliability improves; (2) loss produces primarily of stator, and radiating condition is good; (3) volume is little, lightweight.
Difference on asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motor and speed governing permanent magnet synchronous motor structure is: the former rotor has the integral core of starting winding or having priming, can realize self-starting, can be incorporated into the power networks without the need to control system.
In addition, also have electric machine, electric machine needs supporting capacitor start and operation, and volume is heavy, and cost is high, and the efficiency of overall operation and power factor all lower.
Existing magneto is fixed due to permanent magnet magnetic kinetic potential, and motor main flux is non-adjustable, causes output-constant operation narrow range, and speed adjustable range is wide in range not, and motor winding is generally 3 phases, and stator slot number is many, winding inserting complex process; Existing most of permanent magnet of permanent magnet motor is positioned on rotor, rotate with rotor during operation, permanent magnet need adopt special procedure to fix, manufacturing cost is high, especially, when motor speed is higher, permanent magnet is fixing more difficult, because permanent magnet is positioned on rotor, heat radiation difficulty during operation, temperature rise and the vibration caused due to rotor turns can cause permanent magnet mechanical structure to be damaged and irreversible demagnetization occurs; Existing magneto is generally three-phase; require that the power inversion circuit of motor at least needs 6 device for power switching; as IGBT or MOSFET etc.; and the drive circuit of corresponding this device for power switching of driving and protective circuit; make power of motor inverter circuit cost quite high, even reach two to three times of motor body cost, quantity of power switches increases and adds control circuit complexity; the possibility of device failure increases, and the reliability of runtime system reduces.
For the nonadjustable shortcoming of existing magneto excitation magnetic potential, relevant scholar proposes some composite excitation structural electromotors, this kind of composite excitation structural electromotor can be divided into two classes from excitation mode, one class is permanent magnet magnetic potential and excitation winding magnetic potential series-mode frame, this class formation needs through permanent magnet due to magnetic flux, and exciting current is large, and excitation loss is high, and the risk of irreversible demagnetization can be produced to permanent magnet, apply not extensive, another kind of is the structure of permanent magnet magnetic potential and the parallel connection of excitation winding magnetic potential, this class formation generally adopts stator permanent-magnet, permanent magnet is positioned on stator, by regulating excitation winding Current adjustment magnetic field, this kind of motor adjustable magnetic performance is good, but after increase excitation winding, motor winding tricks is more, make electric machine structure complicated, occur in a groove, having the situation of many cover windings or existing phase winding to have again the situation of excitation winding sometimes, groove domestic demand increases phase insulation, winding inserting complex process, groove utilance is low, and, need to increase excitation groove, electromechanics structure scatteredization is serious, the fixing difficulty of assembling, processing technology is complicated, motor cost is high.What is more important, after increasing excitation winding, need to increase the electric current that a device for power switching controls excitation winding at least again, which further adds the cost of power circuit, and, the magnetic flux that excitation winding produces and main flux share main magnetic circuit and main air gap, excitation effect is subject to the restriction of other design parameters of motor, once motor is made, excitation effect can only be controlled by regulating exciting current, magnetic flux cannot be controlled by designing separately magnetic excitation circuit, therefore, seek a kind of body construction simple, cost is low, adjustable magnetic flexible function but device for power switching number is few, controller and the low hybrid excitation permanent magnet motor of power circuit cost most important, therefore, seek a kind of body construction simple, cost is low, there is adjustable magnetic function but device for power switching number is few, controller and the low hybrid excitation permanent magnet motor of power circuit cost most important.
In addition, existing magneto many employings distributed winding or the concentratred winding across multiple pole span, ubiquity winding terminal minister, copper consumption is large, and manufacturing cost is high, and when motor runs, copper loss is large, the shortcomings such as efficiency is low, especially comparatively large for external diameter, axial length is less, the motor that namely path length ratio is larger, this shortcoming is particularly outstanding, need to adopt special winding coil connected mode to reduce winding overhang, reduction copper, improves motor operational efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve the problem, propose a kind of ring-shaped yoke portion double winding composite excitation permanent magnet motor, the stator of this permanent magnet motor there are a set of stator armature winding and set of excitation winding, and only lay a set of winding in each groove of motor, phase insulation is not needed in groove, copper factor is high, and motor winding inserting operation is simple, and whole cost is lower than existing all kinds of three-phase induction motor and magneto; Simultaneously, armature winding indirect current stream of the present invention, another group excitation winding leads to direct current, therefore the control circuit of motor only needs two electric and electronic power switching devices, change on existing all kinds of induction motor and permanent magnet motor stator and all have three-phase and above armature winding, need the present situation of at least 6 electric and electronic power switching devices, effectively reduce device for power switching number, reduce the possibility that device for power switching in circuit for controlling motor breaks down, reliability improves.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of ring-shaped yoke portion double winding composite excitation permanent magnet motor, comprise stator, rotor, additional air gap and main air gap, ringwise, rotor is arranged at the inside of stator to stator, wherein:
Described stator is evenly provided with even number stator tooth, stator slot is provided with in adjacent two stator tooths, permanent magnet is provided with between stator slot yoke and stator back yoke, described permanent magnet is not with rotor turns, the magnetizing direction of the permanent magnet on same stator slot yoke is identical, and the magnetizing direction of the permanent magnet in adjacent two stator slot yoke portions is contrary;
Described stator slot comprises armature slot and excitation groove, the circumferentially alternate intervals arrangement of described armature slot and excitation groove, a set of armature winding is provided with in described armature slot, described armature winding indirect current, be provided with set of excitation winding in described excitation groove, described excitation winding leads to the constant direct current in direction;
Main air gap is provided with between described stator tooth and rotor tooth, in the groove of described excitation winding place, the stator slot yoke portion of top radially disconnects, be provided with additional air gap, the magnetic field interaction produced by armature supply magnetic field, exciting current magnetic field and permanent magnet makes the magnetic flux on stator tooth change, and utilizes magnetic resistance change rate between stators and rotators to produce torque.
Permanent magnet, not with the setting of rotor turns, makes easy for installation, is conducive to heat radiation, eliminates mechanical stress that common electric machine produces because permanent magnet rotates with rotor and to damage and permanent magnet dispels the heat the shortcoming such as bad.
Further, described permanent magnet is parallel magnetization or radial magnetizing, and every block permanent magnet is magnetized by a monoblock permanent magnet and forms or be spliced by polylith permanent magnet, and the polar arc width of described permanent magnet can be identical, also can be different.
The number of described stator tooth be more than or equal to 4 even number.
The number of described rotor tooth is 1/2 of stator tooth number.
The several number of block of described permanent magnet be the m of rotor tooth doubly, m be more than or equal to 1 natural number.
The magnetic flux that described excitation winding produces forms closed-loop path through additional air gap, stator tooth, main air gap and rotor tooth, the magnetic flux that excitation winding produces is without permanent magnet, the magnetic flux produced with permanent magnet forms parallel relationship, reduce the magnetic resistance in the corresponding loop of magnetic flux, same exciting current can produce larger magnetic flux, not only effectively improve weak magnetic efficiency, and avoid permanent magnet because magnetic flux causes permanent magnet magnetic reversal through permanent magnet the risk of degradation irreversible demagnetization under the magnetic property that produces, enhance the reliability of motor.
Described permanent magnet and stator back yoke iron core and the equal close contact of stator slot yoke core.
Described additional air gap can be the even air gap that width is identical everywhere, also can be the non-homogeneous air gap that width is different everywhere, the width of additional air gap can be changed or adopt not wide gap structure up and down to obtain different increasing magnetic and weak magnetic characteristic, meeting the needs of different application occasion with this.
Described excitation winding penetrates from an excitation groove, then pass outside stator back yoke to the outer direction, form a coil, excitation winding is around stator slot yoke, permanent magnet and stator back yoke are wound around, excitation winding in each excitation groove is a set of coil, and all coils can parallel with one another or series connection.
Described armature winding penetrates from an armature slot, then pass outside stator back yoke to the outer direction, form a coil, armature winding is around stator slot yoke, permanent magnet and stator back yoke are wound around, armature winding in each armature slot is a set of coil, and all coils can parallel with one another or series connection.
The part that described adjacent two pieces of permanent magnets produce magnetic flux enters rotor formation main flux through main air gap, another part enters rotor without main air gap and closes formation leakage flux through this additional air gap, the total magnetic flux produced due to permanent magnet is certain, by the size regulating the size of electric current in excitation winding can regulate this leakage flux, and then regulate the size entering into the main flux of rotor through main air gap, realize with this effect regulating excitation.
The polar arc width of described permanent magnet is by determining according to the magnetic energy product of permanent magnet or residual flux density, according to the residual flux density of the design air gap flux density determination permanent magnet of motor, pole embrace again by changing permanent magnet determines the magnetic energy product of permanent magnet, and existing magneto is subject to the restriction of number of poles due to pole embrace, usually only has and adopt high-performance permanent magnet could meet the close needs of design magnetic.
Described permanent magnet both can be that permanent magnetic material such as ferrite or the aluminium nickel cobalt of permanent magnetic material if neodymium iron boron also can be low magnetic energy product of high energy product is made.
Described rotor is symmetrical field spider, notch cuttype rotor or turbine-like rotor.
Operation principle of the present invention is:
Stator core and rotor core rotor adopt silicon steel plate stacking to form or the core material of high permeability is once made, when armature winding and the equal no power of excitation winding, a part for the magnetic flux that described permanent magnet produces is through stator slot yoke, stator tooth and main air gap are along motor radial inflow rotor tooth, again through adjacent rotor tooth flow out to main air gap arrive another extremely under permanent magnet, close through stator back yoke again, this results in the main flux of motor; Another part magnetic flux that permanent magnet produces without main air gap, and is through stator slot yoke through additional air gap, enter into another extremely under permanent magnet, closed by stator back yoke, this part magnetic flux does not enter main air gap and rotor, and only close in stator interior, this part magnetic flux is leakage flux.Excitation groove is provided with near circle centre position below additional air gap, excitation winding is laid in excitation groove, during excitation winding galvanization, according to the difference of the sense of current, the magnetic field that excitation winding produces will strengthen or weaken main flux, excitation winding electric current is larger, to the enhancing of main flux or weakening effect stronger, due to excitation winding magnetic potential and the parallel connection of permanent magnet magnetic potential, the total magnetic flux that permanent magnet produces is certain, therefore, the size of this leakage flux can be regulated by regulating sense of current and size in excitation winding, and then regulate the size entering into the main flux of rotor through main air gap, the effect regulating excitation is realized with this.When armature winding is energized, the magnetic field that armature winding electric current produces makes the stator tooth of armature slot both sides, armature winding place present different polarity respectively, the magnetic fields produced with permanent magnet superposes, make a stator tooth display polarity, main flux magnetic flux is had to pass through, another adjacent stator tooth does not have polarity, flow through without magnetic flux, because armature winding is arranged every a groove, therefore, the stator tooth of half is had to have polarity in motor, the stator tooth of half does not have polarity, according to magnetic resistance minimum principle, rotate to making rotor and rotor tooth is overlapped with the stator tooth with polarity, due to the half that the rotor number of teeth is the stator number of teeth, now just in time there is each rotor tooth all just right with stator tooth, this position is the aligned position of rotor tooth and stator tooth, magnetic resistance corresponding to this position is minimum.Now, want rotor and continue to rotate, sense of current in armature winding need be changed, make the stator tooth display polarity just now without polarity, and originally had the stator tooth of polarity not show polarity, at this moment, according to magnetic resistance minimum principle, rotor tooth rotates to having and present four trend having polarity stator tooth to align, thus rotor is by stressed rotation, after rotor tooth overlaps again with stator, continues to change armature winding sense of current, this process will repeat always, and rotor will continue to rotate.Because the main flux entering into rotor tooth through main air gap can by above-mentioned exciting current adjustment, therefore, motor of the present invention can need to realize increasing magnetic according to actual condition and run and weak magnetic field operation, widens the economical operation scope of motor, reduce manufacturing cost, improve electric efficiency.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) motor of the present invention only has a set of winding, the size of current and the direction that control a set of armature winding is only needed during operation, power circuit only needs two device for power switching, and common three phase electric machine needs at least 6 device for power switching, electric machine controller power demand switching device number is few, and cost is low;
(2) magnetic field that when motor of the present invention runs, armature winding and excitation winding produce mutually strengthens on the stator teeth or offsets, when motor runs, armature winding and excitation winding complete period are energized simultaneously, therefore, the power density of motor of the present invention is high, stock utilization is high, the motor of same design power, material usage saved by motor of the present invention, reduces costs;
(3) motor permanent magnet of the present invention is fixed on stator, not with rotor turns, easy for installation, is conducive to heat radiation, eliminates the mechanical stress damage that common electric machine produces because permanent magnet rotates with rotor, the shortcomings such as permanent magnet heat radiation is bad; Only lay a set of winding in each stator slot of motor of the present invention, motor winding inserting technique is simple, does not need to place phase insulation in groove, is conducive to improving copper factor and groove utilance;
(4) motor winding of the present invention is simple concentratred winding, and around stator slot yoke, permanent magnet and stator yoke are wound around, when motor external diameter/length is larger, can significantly reduce winding overhang copper consumption, reduce manufacturing cost, reduce copper loss, improve motor operational efficiency;
(5) except main air gap, motor of the present invention is also provided with additional air gap, and additional air gap designs the radial direction at motor dexterously, and additional air gap can not increase the outside dimension of motor, a part of magnetic flux that adjacent two pieces of permanent magnets produce enters rotor through main air gap and forms main flux, another part enters rotor without main air gap and closes formation leakage flux through this additional air gap, the total magnetic flux produced due to permanent magnet is certain, by the size regulating the size of electric current in excitation winding conveniently can regulate this leakage flux, and then regulate the size entering into the main flux of rotor through main air gap, both increasing magnetic action can be played, weak magnetic action can be played again, effectively widen rotating speed output area and the power stage scope of motor, significantly improve the performance of motor,
(6) geomery of additional air gap can need according to different weak magnetic to change flexibly, can adopt wide air gap, air gap wide at the top and narrow at the bottom or up-narrow and down-wide air gap, reach different weak magnetic effects with this;
(7) magnetic flux of excitation winding generation is through additional air gap, stator tooth, main air gap and rotor tooth form closed-loop path, the magnetic flux that excitation winding produces is without permanent magnet, the magnetic flux produced with permanent magnet forms parallel relationship, reduce the magnetic resistance in the corresponding loop of magnetic flux, same exciting current can produce larger magnetic flux, not only effectively improve weak magnetic efficiency, and avoid permanent magnet because magnetic flux causes permanent magnet magnetic reversal through permanent magnet the risk of degradation irreversible demagnetization under the magnetic property that produces, enhance the reliability of motor;
(8) torque dead-band can be eliminated by the rotor structure changing motor of the present invention, improve the starting performance of motor, such as can adopt asymmetric rotor, turbine-like rotor or stepped rotor etc.;
(9) permanent magnet in motor of the present invention can be the permanent magnet that one piece of entirety magnetizes, also can be spliced by polylith permanent magnet, therefore manufacturing process is simple, cost is low, the cost improved due to the permanent magnet of motor polar arc wider width is higher, easily break time mechanically stressed, comparatively difficult during installation, the problem that the permanent magnet that mechanical strength is less not as good as polylith polar arc width is spliced;
(10) the polar arc width of the permanent magnet of motor of the present invention can be determined flexibly according to the design magnetic energy product of permanent magnet or design residual flux density, so motor of the present invention both can adopt the permanent magnet of high energy product also can adopt the permanent magnet of low magnetic energy product, high energy product permanent magnet and low magnetic energy product permanent magnet mix and match can also be adopted, can according to the residual flux density of the design air gap flux density determination permanent magnet of motor in actual design, the magnetic energy product of required permanent magnet is determined again by the pole embrace of permanent magnet, solving existing magneto due to pole embrace is subject to the restriction of number of poles, usually the problem adopting high-performance permanent magnet could meet high performance motor needs is only had,
(11) motor permanent magnet of the present invention is not directly towards air gap, permanent magnet both can be radial magnetizing also can be parallel magnetization, the mode that magnetizes is different little on the impact of motor performance, solve other surface-mounted permanent magnet machines, during employing parallel magnetization, magnetic flux reduces, the energy index of meeting appreciable impact motor, and it is comparatively difficult to obtain uniform radial magnetizing permanent magnetism body, the problem that processing cost is high.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the power converter circuit figure of motor of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is existing brushless direct current permanent magnetic and permagnetic synchronous motor power converter circuit figure;
Fig. 3 is motor embodiment 1 structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is motor embodiment 2 structural representation of the present invention;
Wherein, 1. stator tooth, 2. stator back yoke, 3. stator slot yoke, 4. armature slot, 5. excitation groove, 6. armature winding, 7. excitation winding, 8. permanent magnet, 9. rotor tooth, 10. rotor, 11. main air gaps, 12. additional air gaps.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the invention will be further described.
A kind of ring-shaped yoke portion double winding composite excitation permanent magnet motor, it comprises stator, rotor, main air gap and additional air gap, and described stator comprises permanent magnet, stator yoke, stator tooth, stator slot and stator winding, described rotor comprises rotor tooth and rotor, described stator yoke comprises stator slot yoke and stator back yoke, stator slot yoke is positioned at stator slot near excircle direction, permanent magnet is provided with between stator slot yoke and stator back yoke, permanent magnet is not with rotor turns, easy for installation, be conducive to heat radiation, eliminate mechanical stress that common magneto produces because permanent magnet rotates with rotor to damage and permanent magnet dispels the heat the shortcoming such as bad, described permanent magnet is parallel magnetization or radial magnetizing, every block permanent magnet both can have been magnetized by a monoblock permanent magnet and form, also can be spliced by the permanent magnet that polylith width is narrower, the polar arc width of described permanent magnet can be identical, also can be different, the magnetizing direction of the permanent magnet on same stator slot yoke is identical, the magnetizing direction of the permanent magnet in adjacent two stator slot yoke portions is contrary, described stator slot comprises armature winding place groove (armature slot) and excitation winding place groove (excitation groove), the circumferentially alternate intervals arrangement of described armature slot and excitation groove, a set of armature winding is laid in armature slot, set of excitation winding is laid in excitation groove, when motor runs, only need the size of current and the direction that control a set of armature winding, excitation winding leads to the constant direct current in direction, armature supply magnetic field, the magnetic field interaction that exciting current magnetic field and permanent magnet produce makes the magnetic flux on stator tooth mutually strengthen or offset, stator field is opened continuously in a certain direction or is turned off, magnetic resistance change rate between stators and rotators is utilized to produce torque, main air gap is provided with between stator tooth and rotor tooth, in the groove of excitation winding place, the stator slot yoke portion of top radially disconnects, if additional air gap, described additional air gap does not increase the outside dimension of motor, a part of magnetic flux that adjacent two pieces of permanent magnets produce enters rotor through main air gap and forms main flux, another part enters rotor without main air gap and closes formation leakage flux through this additional air gap, the total magnetic flux produced due to permanent magnet is certain, by the size regulating the size of electric current in excitation winding can regulate this leakage flux, and then regulate the size entering into the main flux of rotor through main air gap, realize with this effect regulating excitation.
The number ns of motor stator tooth meets: ns=2*n, wherein n be more than or equal to 2 natural number.
The number nr of rotor tooth and the number ns of motor stator tooth meets: nr=ns/2.
The block number npm of permanent magnet and the number ns of motor stator tooth meet: npm/m=0.5*ns, m be more than or equal to 1 natural number.
Only lay a set of armature winding or excitation winding in stator slot, do not need phase insulation in stator slot, groove utilance is high, and winding inserting technique is simple, low cost of manufacture.
The magnetic flux that excitation winding produces forms closed-loop path through additional air gap, stator tooth, main air gap and rotor tooth, the magnetic flux that excitation winding produces is without permanent magnet, the magnetic flux produced with permanent magnet forms parallel relationship, reduce the magnetic resistance in the corresponding loop of magnetic flux, same exciting current can produce larger magnetic flux, not only effectively improve weak magnetic efficiency, and avoid permanent magnet because magnetic flux causes permanent magnet magnetic reversal through permanent magnet the risk of degradation irreversible demagnetization under the magnetic property that produces, enhance the reliability of motor.
Permanent magnet and stator back yoke iron core and the equal close contact of stator slot yoke core.
Additional air gap can be the even air gap that width is identical everywhere, also can be the non-homogeneous air gap that width is different everywhere, the width of additional air gap can be changed or adopt not wide gap structure up and down to obtain different increasing magnetic and weak magnetic characteristic, meeting the needs of different application occasion with this.
Excitation winding penetrates from an excitation groove, then passes outside stator back yoke to the outer direction, forms a coil, excitation winding is around stator slot yoke, permanent magnet and stator back yoke are wound around, and the excitation winding in each excitation groove is a set of coil, and all coils can parallel with one another or series connection;
Armature winding penetrates from an armature slot, then passes outside stator back yoke to the outer direction, forms a coil, armature winding is around stator slot yoke, permanent magnet and stator back yoke are wound around, and the armature winding in each armature slot is a set of coil, and all coils can parallel with one another or series connection;
The polar arc width of the permanent magnet of motor can by determining according to the magnetic energy product of permanent magnet or residual flux density flexibly, can according to the residual flux density of the design air gap flux density determination permanent magnet of motor, pole embrace again by changing permanent magnet determines the magnetic energy product of permanent magnet, and existing magneto is subject to the restriction of number of poles due to pole embrace, usually only has and adopt high-performance permanent magnet could meet the close needs of design magnetic.
Permanent magnet both can be that permanent magnetic material such as ferrite or the aluminium nickel cobalt of permanent magnetic material if neodymium iron boron also can be low magnetic energy product of high energy product is made.
Rotor is symmetrical field spider, notch cuttype rotor or turbine-like rotor.
When motor of the present invention runs, excitation field can regulate, the magnetic flux density in motor gas-gap can be regulated by the electric current of adjustment excitation winding F, motor excitation winding of the present invention is placed in below additional air gap, both are placed side by side, the magnetic flux that excitation winding produces is directly through additional air gap, stator tooth, main air gap and rotor tooth form closed-loop path, magnetic flux is without permanent magnet, the magnetic flux produced with permanent magnet forms parallel relationship, this not only effectively improves weak magnetic efficiency, and avoid the risk of degradation irreversible demagnetization under magnetic property that permanent magnet produces due to magnetic reversal, the permanent magnet of motor of the present invention is selected flexibly, both the permanent magnet of high energy product can have been selected, also the permanent magnet of the low magnetic energy products such as ferrite can be selected, because can by the residual flux density of the design air gap flux density determination permanent magnet of motor, pole embrace again by changing permanent magnet determines the magnetic energy product of permanent magnet, and existing magneto is subject to the restriction of number of poles due to pole embrace, usually only have and adopt high-performance permanent magnet could meet the close needs of design magnetic.
Difference due to additional air gap width significantly can change the magnetic resistance of motor magnetic circuit, affect the leakage flux between permanent magnet, and then affect the increasing magnetic of motor and weak magnetic effect, therefore, the width of additional air gap can be changed or adopt not wide gap structure up and down, different motor characteristics can be obtained by the additional air gap width changing motor, meet the needs of different application occasion with this.
As shown in Figure 1, motor of the present invention is hybrid excitation permanent magnet motor, stator only has a set of stator armature winding A and set of excitation winding F, and only lay a set of winding in each groove of motor, phase insulation is not needed in groove, excitation winding is laid in motor excitation groove of the present invention, armature winding is laid in armature slot, winding penetrates from an armature slot or excitation groove, then pass outside stator back yoke to the outer direction, form a coil, motor winding is around stator slot yoke, permanent magnet and stator back yoke are wound around, winding in each groove is a set of coil, motor of the present invention only has a set of armature winding A indirect current stream when running, and excitation winding F passes to the constant direct current in direction, therefore the control circuit of motor only needs two electric and electronic power switching devices, as IGBT or MOSFET.
As shown in Figure 2, existing all kinds of induction motor and permanent magnet motor stator all there are three-phase and above armature winding, need at least 6 electric and electronic power switching devices.Therefore, needed for the control system of motor of the present invention, switching device is few, and cost is low, and structure is simple.In addition, because device for power switching number is few, reduce the possibility that device for power switching in circuit for controlling motor breaks down, reliability improves.
Embodiment one:
As shown in Figure 3, the motor stator number of teeth is 8, the rotor number of teeth is 4, permanent magnet blocks number is 4, present embodiment comprises stator, rotor, main air gap and additional air gap, stator comprises stator core, permanent magnet and stator slot, stator core comprises stator tooth 1, stator back yoke 2 and stator slot yoke 3, stator core is made up of high permeability ferromagnetic material, stator core is provided with stator slot, stator slot comprises armature slot 4 and excitation groove 5, armature slot 4 and the arrangement of excitation groove 5 alternate intervals, excitation winding 7 is laid in excitation groove 5, armature winding 6 is laid in armature slot 4, winding penetrates from an excitation groove or armature slot, then pass outside stator back yoke to the outer direction, form a coil, motor winding is around stator slot yoke 3, permanent magnet 8 and stator back yoke 2 are wound around, winding in each groove is a set of coil, armature winding 6 and excitation winding 7 respectively each formation 4 overlap coil, 4 cover coils can be each other in series or parallel, lay arc-shaped permanent magnet 8 between stator slot yoke 3 and stator back yoke 2, permanent magnet 8 adopts the ferrite permanent magnet material of low magnetic energy product, and permanent magnet 8 takes parallel magnetization, and the magnetizing direction of adjacent two pieces of permanent magnets is contrary, rotor comprises rotor tooth 9 and rotor 10, and rotor tooth 9 is circumferentially symmetrical, is provided with main air gap 11 between rotor tooth 9 and stator tooth 1, in the groove of excitation winding place, the stator slot yoke portion of top radially disconnects, if additional air gap 12, additional air gap 12 is arranged on motor radial direction, and the width everywhere of additional air gap 12 is all equal.
Embodiment two:
As shown in Figure 4, the motor stator number of teeth is 8, the rotor number of teeth is 4, permanent magnet blocks number is 16, present embodiment comprises stator, rotor, main air gap and additional air gap, stator comprises stator core, permanent magnet and stator slot, stator core comprises stator tooth 1, stator back yoke 2 and stator slot yoke 3, stator core is made up of high permeability ferromagnetic material, stator core is provided with stator slot, stator slot comprises armature slot 4 and excitation groove 5, armature slot 4 and the arrangement of excitation groove 5 alternate intervals, excitation winding 7 is laid in excitation groove 5, armature winding 6 is laid in armature slot 4, winding penetrates from an excitation groove or armature slot, then pass outside stator back yoke to the outer direction, form a coil, motor winding is around stator slot yoke 3, permanent magnet 8 and stator back yoke 2 are wound around, winding in each groove is a set of coil, armature winding 6 and excitation winding 7 respectively each formation 4 overlap coil, 4 cover coils can be each other in series or parallel, arc-shaped permanent magnet 8 is laid between stator slot yoke 3 and stator back yoke 2, each stator slot yoke there are 4 pieces of permanent magnets, permanent magnet 8 adopts the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material of high energy product, permanent magnet 8 takes radial magnetizing, the magnetizing direction of 4 pieces of permanent magnets on same stator slot yoke is identical, and the magnetizing direction of the permanent magnet on adjacent different stator slot yokes is contrary, rotor comprises rotor tooth 9 and rotor 10, and rotor is turbine shape, and when rotor tooth 9 aligns with stator tooth 1, this rotor tooth is different from the magnetic resistance of adjacent two stator tooths, is conducive to eliminating torque dead-band, improves motor starting performance, main air gap 11 is provided with between rotor tooth 9 and stator tooth 1, in the groove of excitation winding place, the stator slot yoke portion of top radially disconnects, if additional air gap 12, additional air gap 12 is arranged on motor radial direction, and additional air gap 12 is narrower near the width of armature slot part, near the wider width of stator back yoke part.
Meanwhile, motor provided by the invention, according to the difference of its application; those skilled in the art are for the difference of embody rule environment and object; not creative change is carried out to electric machine structure of the present invention, easily expects, also should be under the jurisdiction of protection scope of the present invention.Specifically comprise: (1) household electrical appliance: comprise TV audio and video equipment, fan, air conditioner, food processor, cosmetic tool, lampblack absorber etc.; (2) computer and ancillary equipment thereof: comprise computer (driver, fan etc.), printer, plotter, CD-ROM drive, CD writer etc.; (3) industrial production: comprise industrial drives device, material processing system, automation equipment, robot etc.; (4) automobile: comprise permanent magnet starting motor, wiper motor, door-lock motor, seat lifting motor, sunshading ceiling motor, scavenging pump motor, recorder motor, glass lifting motor, radiator cooling fan motor, air conditioner motor, antenna lifting motor, Oil pump electrical machinery etc.; (5) public life: comprise clock and watch, beauty treatment machinery, automatic vending machine, ATM, paper money counter etc.; (6) communications and transportation: comprise electric car, aircraft auxiliary equipment, naval vessel etc.; (7) space flight: comprise rocket, satellite, spaceship, space shuttle etc.; (8) national defence: comprise tank, guided missile, submarine, aircraft etc.; (9) medical treatment: comprise dental drill, artificial heart, medicine equipment etc.; (10) generate electricity: comprise wind power generation, cogeneration, miniature hydro-power generation, small-sized internal combustion generating set generator, and the pilot exciter etc. of high-rating generator.
By reference to the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described although above-mentioned; but not limiting the scope of the invention; one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various amendment or distortion that creative work can make still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a ring-shaped yoke portion double winding composite excitation permanent magnet motor, comprises stator, rotor, additional air gap and main air gap, and ringwise, rotor is arranged at the inside of stator to stator, wherein:
Described stator is evenly provided with even number stator tooth, stator slot is provided with in adjacent two stator tooths, permanent magnet is provided with between stator slot yoke and stator back yoke, described permanent magnet is not with rotor turns, the magnetizing direction of the permanent magnet on same stator slot yoke is identical, and the magnetizing direction of the permanent magnet in adjacent two stator slot yoke portions is contrary;
It is characterized in that: described stator slot comprises armature slot and excitation groove, the circumferentially alternate intervals arrangement of described armature slot and excitation groove, a set of armature winding is provided with in described armature slot, described armature winding indirect current, be provided with set of excitation winding in described excitation groove, described excitation winding leads to the constant direct current in direction;
Be provided with main air gap between described stator tooth and rotor tooth, in the groove of described excitation winding place, the stator slot yoke portion of top radially disconnects, and is provided with additional air gap; The magnetic field interaction produced by armature supply magnetic field, exciting current magnetic field and permanent magnet makes the magnetic flux on stator tooth change, and utilizes magnetic resistance change rate between stators and rotators to produce torque.
2. a kind of ring-shaped yoke portion as claimed in claim 1 double winding composite excitation permanent magnet motor, is characterized in that: the number of described stator tooth be more than or equal to 4 even number.
3. a kind of ring-shaped yoke portion as claimed in claim 1 double winding composite excitation permanent magnet motor, is characterized in that: the number of described rotor tooth is 1/2 of stator tooth number.
4. a kind of ring-shaped yoke portion as claimed in claim 1 double winding composite excitation permanent magnet motor, is characterized in that: the several number of block of described permanent magnet be the m of rotor tooth doubly, m be more than or equal to 1 natural number.
5. a kind of ring-shaped yoke portion as claimed in claim 1 double winding composite excitation permanent magnet motor, it is characterized in that: described excitation winding penetrates from an excitation groove, then pass outside stator back yoke to the outer direction, form a coil, excitation winding is around stator slot yoke, permanent magnet and stator back yoke are wound around, and the excitation winding in each excitation groove is a set of coil, and all coils is parallel with one another or connect;
The magnetic flux that described excitation winding produces forms closed-loop path through additional air gap, stator tooth, main air gap and rotor tooth, and the magnetic flux that excitation winding produces is without permanent magnet, and the magnetic flux produced with permanent magnet forms parallel relationship.
6. a kind of ring-shaped yoke portion as claimed in claim 1 double winding composite excitation permanent magnet motor, it is characterized in that: described permanent magnet and stator back yoke iron core and the equal close contact of stator slot yoke core, a magnetic flux part for adjacent two pieces of permanent magnets generation enters rotor through main air gap and forms main flux, and another part enters rotor without main air gap and closes formation leakage flux through this additional air gap.
7. a kind of ring-shaped yoke portion as claimed in claim 1 double winding composite excitation permanent magnet motor, is characterized in that: described additional air gap is the even air gap that width is identical everywhere, and the width changing additional air gap obtains different increasing magnetic and weak magnetic characteristic.
8. a kind of ring-shaped yoke portion as claimed in claim 1 double winding composite excitation permanent magnet motor, is characterized in that: described additional air gap is the non-homogeneous air gap that width is different everywhere, adopts not wide gap structure up and down to obtain different increasing magnetic and weak magnetic characteristic.
9. a kind of ring-shaped yoke portion as claimed in claim 1 double winding composite excitation permanent magnet motor, it is characterized in that: described armature winding penetrates from an armature slot, then pass outside stator back yoke to the outer direction, form a coil, armature winding is around stator slot yoke, permanent magnet and stator back yoke are wound around, and the armature winding in each armature slot is a set of coil, and all coils is parallel with one another or connect.
10. a kind of ring-shaped yoke portion as claimed in claim 1 double winding composite excitation permanent magnet motor, it is characterized in that: the polar arc width of described permanent magnet is by determining according to the magnetic energy product of permanent magnet or residual flux density, according to the residual flux density of the design air gap flux density determination permanent magnet of motor, then determined the magnetic energy product of permanent magnet by the pole embrace changing permanent magnet.
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| CN107394909A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2017-11-24 | 黑龙江工大华工电机科技有限公司 | A kind of stator magnetic circuit structure for axial magnetic circuit magneto |
| CN107985265A (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2018-05-04 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Windscreen-wiper drive for the device for mounting windshield wiper of motor vehicle |
| WO2018176888A1 (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2018-10-04 | 广东威灵电机制造有限公司 | Motor stator and motor |
| CN111555483A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-08-18 | 南通大学 | Double-layer stator module type magnetic regulating motor |
| WO2023164874A1 (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2023-09-07 | 罗灿 | Yoke winding few-pole multi-speed direct-current stator |
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| WO2023164874A1 (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2023-09-07 | 罗灿 | Yoke winding few-pole multi-speed direct-current stator |
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| CN105186749B (en) | 2017-12-05 |
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