CN105703583B - A kind of multiple stators mixed magnetic circuit permagnetic synchronous motor and method - Google Patents
A kind of multiple stators mixed magnetic circuit permagnetic synchronous motor and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105703583B CN105703583B CN201610247112.6A CN201610247112A CN105703583B CN 105703583 B CN105703583 B CN 105703583B CN 201610247112 A CN201610247112 A CN 201610247112A CN 105703583 B CN105703583 B CN 105703583B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
- H02K16/04—Machines with one rotor and two stators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
- H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
- H02K1/2766—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
- Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
- Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of multiple stators mixed magnetic circuit permagnetic synchronous motor and method, including radial stator, axial stator and rotor, wherein, the rotor is set in inside radial stator, coaxially laid with radial stator, the one or both ends of the rotor are provided with axial stator, axial stator with rotor is concentric lays；Radial direction winding is provided with the stator slot of radial stator, axial winding is provided with the stator slot of the axial stator；Rotor slot is provided with rotor, permanent magnet is placed with rotor slot, the permanent magnet makes to produce magnet radial poles and axial pole on rotor, the magnet radial poles are towards motor radial stator, the axial pole is towards motor axial stator, so that motor radially, axially produces torque, mixed magnetic circuit is formed.Radial flux and axial magnetic flux are utilized caused by motor permanent magnet of the present invention, eliminate brow leakage effect, improve motor material utilization rate, alleviate the weight of motor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of multiple stators mixed magnetic circuit permagnetic synchronous motor and method.
Background technology
In recent years, with the raising of permanent-magnet material resistance to elevated temperatures and the reduction of price, magneto is in national defence, industrial or agricultural
Production and daily life etc. are more widely applied, and positive high-power, high performance and miniaturization direction are developed.
For the power of magneto from several milliwatts to several megawatts, application draws use from toy motor, commercial Application to naval vessel at present
Large-scale magneto, be widely applied in the various aspects of national economy, daily life, war industry, Aero-Space.
But existing permagnetic synchronous motor has the disadvantage that：
1st, permagnetic synchronous motor is fixed due to permanent magnet magnetic kinetic potential, and motor main flux is non-adjustable, causes output-constant operation model
Enclose narrow, speed adjustable range is not wide in range enough.
2nd, in existing internal permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor structure, rotor permanent magnet realizes that " poly- magnetic is imitated by various combinations
Should ", therefore rotor core magnetic pole magnetic is close very high so that there is larger leakage magnetic flux in its end, leakage-flux of rotor passes through rotor
End or end cap closure, because total magnetic flux is certain caused by permanent magnet, the logical presence of brow leakage not only causes motor
Two end magnetic field skewness, and the useful flux utilization rate of motor is reduced, it is close so as to reduce the power of motor
Degree and torque density, to overcome the logical influence of brow leakage, during actual design, rotor is passed through frequently with overhang structures,
So that rotor core axial length is more than motor stator core axial length, but the structure significantly increases the axial direction length of motor
Degree, and then the core material dosage and manufacturing cost of motor are added, and do not played on the structural nature and suppress end leakage
The effect of magnetic flux.
3rd, during existing permagnetic synchronous motor normal operation, generally only iqElectric current produces torque, now id=0, weak magnetic field operation
When, it is necessary to apply d shaft currents, now i to rotord≠ 0, and then realize to the demagnetizing effect of rotor magnetic pole, due to d shaft currents by
The power inverter of motor produces, therefore when motor carries out weak magnetic control, can significantly increase the amplitude of machine winding current, and
The capacity of power inverter is greatly increased, when needing to carry out depth weak magnetic, the d shaft currents now needed are very big, the work(of motor
Angle will reduce rapidly, and current of electric will exceed the capacity of frequency converter, therefore, the permanent magnetism to needing progress weak magnetism speed expansion operation quickly
Synchronous motor, it usually needs take extra measure and method to carry out weak magnetic regulation, every pole magnetic flux is weakened with this.
4th, the path passed through according to d axles magnetic flux during weak magnetic is different, and the permagnetic synchronous motor of existing built-in rotor structure can
To be divided into two classes, one type, when carrying out weak magnetic control, d axles magnetic flux caused by armature winding can pass through the permanent magnet of motor,
Cause permanent magnet irreversible demagnetization, a kind of in addition, when carrying out weak magnetic control, d axles magnetic flux is without forever caused by armature winding
Magnet closes, but magnetic field caused by d shaft currents forces more rotor fluxs to be closed by the end of motor and end cap, significantly increases
The big leakage magnetic flux of motor, and because motor end magnetic resistance is much bigger generally than air-gap reluctance, therefore, the d required for weak magnetic
Shaft current is larger, significantly increases the cost and winding copper loss of power of motor inverter.
5th, the usual armature counter electromotive force harmonic wave of existing permagnetic synchronous motor is larger, cogging torque outstanding problem, brings serious
Vibration and noise problem, be typically that counter electromotive force harmonic wave improved simultaneously using the method for skewed stator slot or skewed-rotor at present
Weaken cogging torque, but skewed stator slot and skewed-rotor processing technology are more complicated, considerably increase manufacturing cost, and can be certain
Degree reduces the average electromagnetic torque of motor, reduces the torque density and power density of motor.
In this case, it is small to seek a kind of brow leakage, magnetic flux utilization rate is high, and sine degree is good, and eddy-current loss is small, adjustable magnetic
Flexible function but power inverter capacity it is small AC permanent magnet synchronous motor it is most important.
The content of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve the above problems, it is proposed that a kind of multiple stators mixed magnetic circuit permagnetic synchronous motor and method, this
Invention is using axial stator and the frame mode of radial stator so that radial flux caused by permanent magnet and axial magnetic flux obtain
Utilize, eliminate brow leakage effect, improve motor material and utilize utilization rate, alleviate the weight of motor, improve work(
Rate density, and can neatly realize and increase magnetic operation and weak magnetism speed expansion operation, the economical operation scope of motor is widened, to carrying
The performance of high driving motor for electric automobile is significant.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of multiple stators mixed magnetic circuit permagnetic synchronous motor, including radial stator, axial stator and rotor, wherein, it is described
Permanent magnet is placed with rotor, the permanent magnet makes to produce magnetic flux on rotor, and a part of magnetic flux passes through along the radial direction of motor
Radial air gap is entered among radial stator, forms radial direction main flux, and another part magnetic flux in axial direction passes through axial air-gap
Enter among axial stator, form axial main flux, radial direction main flux and axial main flux composition mixed magnetic circuit, pass through regulation and control
Mixed magnetic circuit, realize motor and increasing the conversion between magnetic running status and weak magnetism speed expansion running status.
Further, a kind of multiple stators mixed magnetic circuit permagnetic synchronous motor, including radial stator, axial stator and rotor,
Wherein, the rotor is set in inside radial stator, is coaxially laid with radial stator, the one or both ends of the rotor are provided with
Axial stator, axial stator with rotor is concentric lays；
Radial direction winding is provided with the stator slot of the radial stator, axial direction is provided with the stator slot of the axial stator
Winding；
Rotor slot is provided with the rotor, permanent magnet is placed with rotor slot, the permanent magnet makes to produce footpath on rotor
To magnetic pole and axial pole, the magnet radial poles make towards motor radial stator, the axial pole towards motor axial stator
Obtain motor and radially, axially produce torque, form mixed magnetic circuit, by regulating and controlling mixed magnetic circuit, realize motor and increasing magnetic operation
Conversion between state and weak magnetism speed expansion running status.
The radial stator, including stator slot, stator tooth and stator yoke, wherein, stator yoke is circular, stator tooth
Have multiple, be distributed along stator yoke even circumferential, have stator slot between stator tooth, radial direction winding is placed with the stator slot.
The axial stator includes axial stator back yoke, axial stator groove and axial stator tooth, the axial stator back yoke
Positioned at the axial side of axial stator, axial stator tooth is arranged in axial stator back yoke, is provided between axial stator tooth
Axial stator groove, axial winding is laid in axial stator groove.
Radial air gap between radial stator and the rotor outer be present, exist between the axial stator and rotor tip
Axial air-gap.
Magnetic flux caused by the permanent magnet, a part are entered among radial stator along motor radial through radial air gap,
Radial direction main flux is formed, another part extends axially through axial air-gap and entered among axial stator, forms axial main flux, footpath
Torque is produced to magnetic field interaction caused by main flux and radial direction armature winding, axial main flux produces with axial armature winding
Magnetic field interaction produce torque.
The radial direction main flux and axial main flux of the motor are parallel relationship.
Because total magnetic flux caused by permanent magnet is certain, because the radial direction main flux of motor and axial main flux are simultaneously
Connection relation, when radial direction armature winding applies d axle demagnetizing currents, the radial direction main flux of motor reduces, axial main flux increase, phase
Instead, when the axial armature winding of motor applies d axle demagnetizing currents, the axial main flux of motor reduces, the increase of radial direction main flux.
When motor normal work does not need weak magnetic, motor axial direction armature winding applies d axle demagnetizing currents, now motor footpath
Maximum to main flux, motor radial direction magnetic is close also maximum, motor output rated maximum torque and power, when motor needs to carry out weak magnetic
During expansion speed, reduce the d axle demagnetizing currents of axial armature winding, now motor radial direction main flux reduces, and radial direction magnetic is close to be decreased,
Motor realizes weak magnetic field operation, and motor speed improves, and now axial armature winding can apply q shaft currents, and power-assisted is produced to motor
Torque, torque output capability during motor weak magnetic field operation is improved, further improve the power density and torque density of motor.
Preferably, the radial stator is formed by silicon steel plate stacking, the axial stator by silicon steel sheet wound and process and
Into.
Preferably, number of motor phases m >=3, number of pole-pairs p >=1, radial direction armature winding and axial armature winding be individual layer around
Group or Double Layer Winding, magnetic field number of poles is equal with magnet radial poles number of poles caused by radial direction armature winding, caused by axial armature winding
The number of poles in magnetic field is equal with axial pole number of poles.
Preferably, the rotor is made up of soft-magnetic composite material, and rotor is provided with the groove for laying permanent magnet, the rotor-end
Fan ring-shaped is processed into portion, forms axial pole, the number of poles of axial pole and the number of poles of magnet radial poles are equal.
The permanent magnet arranges in the rotor according to the relative rule of like pole, realizes poly- magnetic effect, forms magnetic pole.
Preferably, the permanent magnet is made up of high performance permanent magnetic materialses, such as Nd-Fe-B, Rare-Earth Cobalt etc., or low magnetic energy product
Permanent-magnet material is made, such as ferrite.
Magnetic flux regulation and control method based on above-mentioned motor, including：The rated speed to be worked according to motor, nominal torque and property
It can require, the radial air gap length, axial air-gap length and the number of turn of radial direction armature winding and axial armature winding of motor are set,
Acting as producing main driving torque or realizing weak magnetic for motor radial stator and axial stator is determined, to determine the work shape of motor
State.
Further, the working condition of the motor specifically includes three kinds：
(1) axial armature winding applies d shaft currents, and radial stator produces main driving torque, and axial stator realizes weak magnetic work(
Power torque and can be produced；
(2) radial direction armature winding applies d shaft currents, and axial stator produces main driving torque, and radial stator realizes weak magnetic work(
Power torque can be produced；
(3) the radial direction armature winding of motor and axial armature winding do not apply d shaft currents, only produce q shaft currents, footpath
Driving torque is produced to main flux and radial stator armature field, axial main flux and axial stator armature field produce driving and turned
Square, motor torque density and power density reach maximum.
Specifically introduce lower three kinds of working conditions：
(1) radial stator produces main driving torque, and axial stator realizes weak magnetic function and produces power torque
When radial direction armature winding and the equal no power of axial armature winding, one of magnetic flux caused by permanent magnet on the rotor
Part enters radial stator in radial direction through radial air gap and forms radial direction main flux, and another part passes axially through axial air-gap and entered
Enter axial stator and form axial main flux, radial direction main flux determines that the radial air gap magnetic of motor is close, and axial main flux determines motor
Axial air-gap magnetic it is close, because two parts magnetic flux is in parallel, empty load of motor radial direction main flux and axial main flux accounting are by radial direction gas
Gap and the length of axial air-gap determine that compared with axial air-gap, radial air gap is bigger, and the accounting of radial direction main flux is lower, instead
It is then higher.When motor normal work does not need weak magnetic field operation, the armature winding of axial stator produces d shaft currents so that electricity
Arbor reduces to main flux, and radial direction main flux increase, motor torque is mainly produced by radial direction main flux and radial direction armature winding magnetic field
Raw, now motor axial direction armature winding only applies d shaft currents, and radial direction main flux is maximum, passes through regulation motor axial armature winding
D shaft currents can adjust the size of radial direction main flux, when motor needs to carry out weak magnetic field operation, the d axles of axial armature winding
Electric current reduces, and motor radial direction main flux reduces, and axial main flux increase, now the radial component of motor is operated in weak magnetic condition,
Reduce axial armature winding d shaft currents while, its q shaft current can be increased simultaneously, now axial stator armature winding with
Axial main flux produces power torque, increases the torque density and power density of motor.
(2) axial stator produces main driving torque, and radial stator realizes that weak magnetic function produces power torque
When radial direction armature winding and the equal no power of axial armature winding, one of magnetic flux caused by permanent magnet on the rotor
Part enters radial stator in radial direction through radial air gap and forms radial direction main flux, and another part passes axially through axial air-gap and entered
Enter axial stator and form axial main flux, radial direction main flux determines that the radial air gap magnetic of motor is close, and axial main flux determines motor
Axial air-gap magnetic it is close, because two parts magnetic flux is in parallel, empty load of motor radial direction main flux and axial main flux accounting are by radial direction gas
Gap and the length of axial air-gap determine that compared with axial air-gap, radial air gap is bigger, and the accounting of radial direction main flux is lower, instead
It is then higher.When motor normal work does not need weak magnetic field operation, the armature winding of radial stator produces d shaft currents so that electricity
Machine radial direction main flux reduces, and axial main flux increase, motor torque is mainly produced by axial main flux and axial armature winding magnetic field
Raw, now motor radial direction armature winding only applies d shaft currents, and axial main flux is maximum, passes through regulation motor radial direction armature winding
D shaft currents can adjust the size of axial main flux, when motor needs to carry out weak magnetic field operation, the d axles of radial direction armature winding
Electric current reduces, and motor axial direction main flux reduces, and the increase of radial direction main flux, now the axial component of motor is operated in weak magnetic condition,
Reduce radial direction armature winding d shaft currents while, its q shaft current can be increased simultaneously, now radial stator armature winding with
Radial direction main flux produces power torque, increases the torque density and power density of motor.
(3) radial stator and axial stator produce driving torque
This is the third working condition of motor, and now the radial direction armature winding of motor and axial armature winding do not produce
D shaft currents, q shaft currents are only produced, in this case, radial direction main flux and radial stator armature field produce driving and turned
Square, axial main flux and axial stator armature field produce driving torque, i.e. radial stator and axial stator all produces driving
Torque, now motor torque density and power density reach maximum.
A kind of electric automobile, using above-mentioned multiple stators mixed magnetic circuit permagnetic synchronous motor.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
(1) motor of the present invention is double-stator structure, and the double-stator structure is different from existing most double-stator structures,
One of stator is placed in inside rotor in existing Double-stator motor, is inner stator, one in rotor exterior, to be outer fixed
Son, the motor feels hot concentrates on motor axial direction, and motor thermic load is very high, and inner stator is not direct is connected with external environment condition, electric
Machine radiating is more difficult.Two stators of motor of the present invention are respectively radial stator and axial stator, and the two of the double-stator structure
Individual stator is respectively placed at the radial and axial direction of motor, and radial stator is identical with the stator of common permagnetic synchronous motor,
Radial stator is coaxially placed on the outside of p-m rotor, and a magnetic flux part is entered in radial direction through air gap caused by rotor permanent magnet
Entering to radial stator and form radial direction main flux, radial direction winding is laid on radial stator, axial stator is placed in the end of motor,
Axial stator is coaxially relative with p-m rotor, and magnetic flux caused by rotor permanent magnet is entered axially among axial stator iron core,
Axial winding is laid in axial stator, two stator casings in outside motor, directly contact, and can fill with external environment
Divide and radiated using the end of motor；
(2) motor of the present invention is built-in rotor structure, good with internal permanent magnet synchronous motor structural compactness, air gap
Effective close height of magnetic, is easy to the advantages that rotation and torque density are high at a high speed, and the rotor of the bright motor of this law is soft magnetism composite rotors, footpath
Axial permeability is very high, and iron loss is low during operation, and rotor magnetic pole of the present invention is divided into radial and axial two parts, magnet radial poles
Part is similar with the rotor magnetic pole of common internal permanent magnet synchronous motor, and axial pole part is by by the axle of soft magnetism composite rotors
The salient pole iron core that fan ring-shaped is processed into end obtains, and axial pole coordinates with motor axial stator produces torque, radial direction magnetic
Pole coordinates with motor radial stator produces torque, and motor rotor construction is simple, is easy to be machined, manufacturing cost is low；
(3) motor of the present invention is mixed magnetic circuit permagnetic synchronous motor, a magnetic flux part caused by permanent magnet along motor radially
Reaching radial stator by radial air gap turns into radial direction main flux, and another part magnetic flux passes axially through axial air-gap and reaches motor
The axial stator of end turns into axial main flux, and the radial flux of p-m rotor and end magnetic flux are obtained in motor of the present invention
Sufficiently utilize, motor does not have brow leakage to lead to, improves magnetic flux utilization rate, effectively improves end-region magnetic field of electrical machine distribution, carries
The high power density and torque density of motor；
(4) motor of the present invention, which can be realized neatly, increases magnetic operation and weak magnetism speed expansion operation, during motor normal operation, axially
Stator winding produces d axles and q shaft currents simultaneously, and magnetic field caused by d shaft currents causes most magnetic fluxs caused by rotor along footpath
To entering radial core, with radial stator winding caused by magnetic field interaction produce main torque, the magnetic flux of fraction in addition
Entering axially into axial stator, the q shaft currents interaction of this part magnetic flux and axial stator winding produces power torque,
I.e. motor normal operation when, axial stator winding plays increase motor radial direction main flux and produces power torque；When needing weak magnetic
When expansion speed is run, reduce the d shaft currents of motor axial direction stator winding, this causes considerable rotor flux to enter axially into axle
Into iron core, the radial direction main flux of motor is significantly reduced so that radial stator is operated under the conditions of weak magnetic, significantly increases motor
Speed adjustable range, realize weak magnetism speed expansion；
(5) number of turn of motor radial stator winding and axial stator winding of the present invention is according to the number of poles of real electrical machinery, permanent magnetism
Body residual flux density, permanent magnet lays combination and motor speed range of operation rationally designs selection, it is therefore an objective to so that motor shaft
The radial direction main flux of motor can either effectively be changed to stationary part, so as to possess enough weak magnetic abilities, do not needing weak magnetic
In the case of, and can enough produces enough power torques, significantly increases the power density and torque density of motor；
(6) motor of the present invention can separately design the geomery and armature of motor magnet radial poles and end fan ring magnetic pole
The number of turn of winding, it is superimposed by both reasonable combinations, to offset the harmonic wave and cogging torque that weaken counter electromotive force, is improved with this
With the back emf waveform of optimization motor, and weaken the cogging torque of motor, overcoming existing permagnetic synchronous motor must use
Skewed slot suppresses harmonic wave and the shortcomings that weaken cogging torque.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 (a) is the structural representation of motor embodiment one of the present invention；
Fig. 1 (b) is the radial motor stator core and rotor schematic diagram of motor embodiment one of the present invention；
Fig. 1 (c) is the soft magnetism composite rotors right view of motor embodiment one of the present invention；
Fig. 1 (d) is the axial stator schematic diagram of motor embodiment one of the present invention；
Fig. 1 (e) is the integrated motor right view of motor embodiment one of the present invention；
Fig. 2 (a) is the structural representation of motor embodiment two of the present invention；
Fig. 2 (b) is the radial motor stator core and rotor schematic diagram of motor embodiment two of the present invention；
Fig. 2 (c) is the soft magnetism composite rotors right view of motor embodiment two of the present invention；
Fig. 2 (d) is the axial stator schematic diagram of motor embodiment two of the present invention；
Fig. 2 (e) is the integrated motor right view of motor embodiment two of the present invention；
Wherein, 1. radial stator tooth, 2. radial stator yokes, 3. radial stator grooves, 4. radial direction armature winding, 5. radial direction gas
Gap, 6. axial stator teeth, 7. axial stator yokes, 8. axial stator grooves, 9. axial armature windings, 10. axial air-gaps, 11. soft magnetisms
Composite rotors, 12. rotor slots, 13. permanent magnets, 14. magnet radial poles, 15. axial poles.
Embodiment：
The invention will be further described with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
A kind of multiple stators mixed magnetic circuit permagnetic synchronous motor, including radial stator, axial stator and rotor, the rotor peace
It is placed on inside radial stator, with radial stator coaxial placement, there is radial air gap, the axial direction between the rotor and radial stator
Stator is placed in rotor tip, and rotor is concentric places, and has axial air-gap between the rotor and axial stator, the radial direction is determined
Son is formed by silicon steel plate stacking, and the radial stator includes stator slot, stator tooth and stator yoke, is laid in the stator slot
Radial direction winding, the axial stator is by silicon steel sheet wound and is process, and axial stator includes axial stator back yoke, stator slot and
Stator tooth, axial winding is laid in stator slot, the rotor is made up of soft-magnetic composite material, has rotor slot on the rotor,
Permanent magnet is laid in rotor slot, the permanent magnet is realized " poly- magnetic effect " by reasonably laying combination, produced on rotor
Magnetic pole, the magnetic pole are divided into magnet radial poles and axial pole, and the magnet radial poles are towards motor radial stator, and magnet radial poles are with turning
Be radial air gap between son, the axial pole is processed into the shape of fan ring, towards motor axial stator, the axial pole and
It is axial air-gap between axial stator.
Further, magnetic flux caused by motor permanent magnet, a part enter radially along motor radial through radial air gap
Among stator, radial direction main flux is formed, another part extends axially through axial air-gap and entered among axial stator, is formed axially
Main flux, radial direction main flux produce torque, axial main flux and axially electricity with magnetic field interaction caused by radial direction armature winding
Magnetic field interaction caused by pivot winding produces torque, and motor is not present brow leakage field, and magnetic flux utilization rate is high, power density with
Torque density is high.
Further, because total magnetic flux caused by permanent magnet is certain, due to the radial direction main flux of motor and axial direction
Main flux is parallel relationship, and when radial direction armature winding applies d axle demagnetizing currents, the radial direction main flux of motor reduces, axially main
Magnetic flux increases, on the contrary, when the axial armature winding of motor applies d axle demagnetizing currents, the axial main flux of motor reduces, radially
Main flux increases.When motor normal work does not need weak magnetic, motor axial direction armature winding applies d axle demagnetizing currents, now electric
Machine radial direction main flux is maximum, and motor radial direction magnetic is close also maximum, the exportable rated maximum torque of motor and power, when motor need into
During row weak magnetism speed expansion, reduce axial armature winding d axle demagnetizing currents, now motor radial direction main flux reduce, radial direction magnetic it is close with
Reduction, motor realizes weak magnetic field operation, and motor speed is improved, and now axial armature winding can apply q shaft currents, and motor is produced
Raw power torque, torque output capability during motor weak magnetic field operation is improved, power density and the torque for further improving motor are close
Degree.
Further, number of motor phases m >=3, number of pole-pairs p >=1, radial direction armature winding and axial armature winding can be
Single-layer Windings, or the number of poles in magnetic field caused by Double Layer Winding, radial direction armature winding and axial armature winding is and rotor
Magnetic pole number of poles is equal.
Further, the rotor is made up of soft-magnetic composite material, and rotor is provided with the groove for laying permanent magnet, the soft magnetism
Composite rotors end is processed into fan ring-shaped and forms axial pole, and the number of poles of axial pole and the number of poles of magnet radial poles are equal.
Further, the permanent magnet is made up of high performance permanent magnetic materialses, such as Nd-Fe-B, Rare-Earth Cobalt etc., or low magnetic energy
Product permanent-magnet material is made, such as ferrite.
Further, the permanent magnet arranges according to the relative rule of like pole in the rotor according to certain combination,
Poly- magnetic effect is realized, forms magnetic pole.
Further, radial air gap, the axial stator between radial stator and the soft magnetism composite rotors is cylindrical be present
Axial air-gap be present between the fan ring of soft magnetism composite rotors end.
During motor practical application, according to the rated speed of motor work, nominal torque and specific performance requirement, pass through conjunction
The parameters such as radial air gap length of reason design motor, axial air-gap length and radial direction armature winding and axial armature winding
The number of turn, to determine that motor radial stator and axial stator are to produce main driving torque or realize weak magnetic function.
Motor of the present invention is built-in rotor structure, and good with internal permanent magnet synchronous motor structural compactness, air gap has
The close height of magnetic is imitated, is easy to the advantages that rotation and torque density are high at a high speed, the rotor of the bright motor of this law is soft magnetism composite rotors, motor
Higher magnetic permcability is respectively provided with radial and axial, and core loss is small during operation, efficiency high.Rotor magnetic pole of the present invention is divided into footpath
To with axial two parts, magnet radial poles part is similar with the rotor magnetic pole of common internal permanent magnet synchronous motor, axial pole portion
Divide and obtained by the way that the axial component of soft magnetism composite rotors to be processed into the salient pole iron core of fan ring-shaped, axial pole and motor shaft
Coordinate to stator and produce torque, magnet radial poles coordinate with motor radial stator produces torque.
Motor of the present invention is double-stator structure, and the double-stator structure is different from existing most double-stator structures, existing
One of stator is placed in inside rotor in Double-stator motor, is inner stator, and one is external stator in rotor exterior,
The motor feels hot concentrates on motor axial direction, and motor thermic load is very high, and inner stator is not direct is connected with external environment condition, and motor dissipates
Heat is more difficult.Two stators of motor of the present invention are respectively radial stator and axial stator, and two of the double-stator structure are fixed
Son is respectively placed at the radial and axial direction of motor, and radial stator is identical with the stator of common permagnetic synchronous motor, radially
Stator is coaxially placed on the outside of p-m rotor, and a magnetic flux part enters in radial direction through air gap caused by rotor permanent magnet
Radial stator forms radial direction main flux, and radial direction winding is laid on radial stator, and axial stator is placed in the end of motor, axially
Stator is coaxially relative with p-m rotor, and magnetic flux caused by rotor permanent magnet is entered axially among axial stator iron core, axially
Axial winding is laid on stator, two stator casings in outside motor, directly contact with external environment, and can be fully sharp
Radiated with the end of motor.
Motor of the present invention is mixed magnetic circuit permagnetic synchronous motor, and a magnetic flux part radially arrives by motor caused by permanent magnet
Up to radial stator, flux circuit is formed by stator core, turns into radial direction main flux, another part magnetic flux reaches motor vertically
The axial stator of end, flux circuit is formed by the axial stator iron core of end, the radial direction of p-m rotor in motor of the present invention
Magnetic flux and end magnetic flux are obtained for sufficient utilization, improve magnetic flux utilization rate, and motor does not have brow leakage to lead to, and is effectively improved
End-region magnetic field of electrical machine distribution, improve the power density and torque density of motor.
Motor of the present invention can carry out weak magnetism speed expansion operation.During motor normal operation, axial stator winding produces d axles simultaneously
With q shaft currents, magnetic field caused by d shaft currents causes most magnetic fluxs caused by rotor radially into radial core, with
Magnetic field interaction caused by radial stator winding produces main torque, and sub-fraction magnetic flux enters axially into axial stator in addition
In, when the q shaft currents interaction of this part magnetic flux and axial stator winding produces power torque, i.e. motor normal operation, axle
Increase motor radial direction main flux is played to stator winding and produces power torque；When needing weak magnetism speed expansion to run, reduce motor
The d shaft currents of axial stator winding, this causes considerable rotor flux to enter axially into axial iron core, significantly reduced
The radial direction main flux of motor so that radial stator is operated under the conditions of weak magnetic, is significantly increased the speed adjustable range of motor, is realized weak magnetic
Expansion speed.
The number of turn of motor radial stator winding and axial stator winding of the present invention remains according to the number of poles of real electrical machinery, permanent magnet
Magnetic density, permanent magnet lays combination and motor speed range of operation rationally designs selection, it is therefore an objective to so that motor is axially fixed
Subdivision can either effectively change the radial direction main flux of motor, so as to possess enough weak magnetic abilities, not need the feelings of weak magnetic
Under condition, and can enough produces enough power torques, significantly increases the power density and torque density of motor.
Motor of the present invention can separately design motor magnet radial poles and the shape and armature winding of end fan ring magnetic pole
The number of turn, it is superimposed by both reasonable combinations, to offset the harmonic wave and cogging torque that weaken counter electromotive force, is improved with this and optimized
The back emf waveform of motor, and weaken the cogging torque of motor, overcome existing permagnetic synchronous motor must using skewed slot come
The shortcomings that suppressing harmonic wave and weakening cogging torque.
Further, motor provided by the invention can use and arrive following field：
(1) household appliance technical field：Including TV audio and video equipment, fan, air conditioner, food processor, cosmetic tool, oil smoke
Machine etc..
(2) computer and its ancillary equipment field：Including computer (driver, fan etc.), printer, plotter, light
Drive, CD writer etc..
(3) field of industrial production：Including industrial drives device, material processing system, automation equipment, robot etc..
(4) automotive field：Including permanent magnet starting motor, wiper motor, door-lock motor, seat lifting motor, sunshading ceiling
Motor, cleaning pump motor, recorder motor, glass lifting motor, radiator cooling fan motor, air conditioner motor, antenna liter
Motor, Oil pump electrical machinery etc. drop.
(5) public life field：Including clock and watch, beauty machinery, automatic vending machine, ATM, paper money counter etc..
(6) traffic and transport field：Including electric car, aircraft auxiliary equipment, naval vessel etc..
(7) space industry：Including rocket, satellite, spaceship, space shuttle etc..
(8) national defence：Including tank, guided missile, submarine, aircraft etc..
(9) medical field：Including dental drill, artificial heart, medicine equipment etc..
(10) power field：Including wind-power electricity generation, cogeneration, miniature hydro-power generation, small-sized internal combustion generating set hair
Motor, and pilot exciter of high-rating generator etc..
Above-mentioned application only needs to replace with motor or starter into the motor of the present invention, it is not necessary to those skilled in the art
Performing creative labour is paid, therefore, should also belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment one
As shown in Fig. 1 (a)-Fig. 1 (e), present embodiment number of motor phases is 3, and the radial stator number of teeth is 24, axial stator tooth
Number is 12, and rotor slot number is 4, and permanent magnet block number is 4, and magnet radial poles number is 4, and axial magnetic number of poles is 4, and present embodiment includes footpath
To stator, axial stator and rotor, radial stator are formed by silicon steel plate stacking, and radial stator includes radial stator tooth 1, radially fixed
Sub- yoke 2 and radial stator groove 3, lay radial direction armature winding 4 in radial stator groove 3, radial direction armature winding 4 can be distribution around
Group, concentratred winding or lap winding, the number of poles of radial direction armature winding is consistent with rotor radial magnetic pole number of poles, radial stator and rotor
Coaxially, there is radial air gap 5 between radial stator and rotor, axial stator is formed by silicon steel sheet wound, and axial stator is included axially
Stator tooth 6, axial stator yoke 7 and axial stator groove 8, lay axial armature winding 9 in axial stator groove 8, axial armature around
Group 9 can be Distributed Winding, concentratred winding or lap winding, and the number of poles of axial armature winding is consistent with rotor axial magnetic pole number of poles,
Axial stator and rotor are concentric, there is axial air-gap 10 between axial stator and rotor, and soft magnetism composite rotors 11, which is tangentially provided with, to be turned
Pilot trench 12, lays permanent magnet 13 in rotor slot 12, the magnetizing directions of adjacent two pieces of permanent magnets on the contrary, adjacent two pieces of permanent magnets and
Between soft magnetism composite rotors iron core be radially formed magnet radial poles 14, adjacent two pieces of permanent magnets and between soft magnetism composite rotors
The end axial component of iron core is processed into fan ring-shaped, forms magnet radial poles 15, and magnetic flux caused by permanent magnet passes through magnet radial poles
Interlink to form radial direction main flux with radial direction armature winding into radial stator iron core by radial air gap, magnetic flux caused by permanent magnet
Interlink to form axial main flux with axial armature winding into axial stator iron core by axial air-gap by axial pole, radially
Main flux is in parallel with axial main flux, can be unloaded come controlled motor by separately designing the length of radial air gap and axial air-gap
When radial direction main flux and axial main flux, during motor operation, by applying d axles to radial direction armature winding and axial armature winding
Electric current carrys out the axial main flux and radial direction main flux during the operation of dynamic regulation motor, realizes weak magnetic control with this, widens motor
Output-constant operation region.
Embodiment two
As shown in Fig. 2 (a)-Fig. 2 (e), the main distinction of embodiment two and embodiment one is motor in (1) embodiment two
Two ends axial stator be present, and two ends of motor soft magnetism composite rotors iron core are processed into fanning the shape shape of ring
Into axial pole, and there is axial stator an end for there was only motor in embodiment one, and motor rotor core only has an end
The shape for being processed into fan ring forms axial pole, the arrangement mode of permanent magnet and the arrangement side of embodiment one in (2) embodiment two
Formula is different, and permanent magnet is single parallel-connection structure in embodiment one, and permanent magnet is series parallel structure in embodiment two.This embodiment party
Formula number of motor phases is 3, and the radial stator number of teeth is 24, and the axial stator number of teeth is 12, and rotor slot number is 4, and permanent magnet block number is 4, footpath
It is 4 to number of magnetic poles, axial magnetic number of poles is 4, and present embodiment includes radial stator, axial stator and rotor, and radial stator is by silicon
Steel disc is overrided to form, and radial stator includes radial stator tooth 1, radial stator yoke 2 and radial stator groove 3, pacifies in radial stator groove 3
It is placed with radial direction armature winding 4, radial direction armature winding 4 can be Distributed Winding, concentratred winding or lap winding, radial direction armature winding
Number of poles is consistent with rotor radial magnetic pole number of poles, radial stator and rotor coaxial, there is radial air gap 5 between radial stator and rotor,
Axial stator is formed by silicon steel sheet wound, and axial stator includes axial stator tooth 6, axial stator yoke 7 and axial stator groove 8, axle
Lay axial armature winding 9 into stator slot 8, axial armature winding 9 can be Distributed Winding, concentratred winding or lap winding,
The number of poles of axial armature winding is consistent with rotor axial magnetic pole number of poles, and axial stator and rotor are concentric, axial stator and rotor it
Between have axial air-gap 10, soft magnetism composite rotors 11 is tangentially provided with rotor slot 12, and permanent magnet 13 is laid in rotor slot 12, adjacent
The magnetizing directions of two pieces of permanent magnets on the contrary, adjacent two pieces of permanent magnets and between soft magnetism composite rotors iron core be radially formed radially
Magnetic pole 14, adjacent two pieces of permanent magnets and between the end axial component of soft magnetism composite rotors iron core be processed into fan ring-shaped, shape
Radially magnetic pole 15, magnetic flux caused by permanent magnet enter radial stator iron core and radially electricity by magnet radial poles by radial air gap
Pivot winding interlinks to form radial direction main flux, and magnetic flux caused by permanent magnet enters axial stator by axial pole by axial air-gap
Iron core interlinks to form axial main flux with axial armature winding, and radial direction main flux is in parallel with axial main flux, can pass through difference
Radial direction main flux and axial main flux when the length of design radial air gap and axial air-gap carrys out controlled motor zero load, motor operation
When, by radial direction armature winding and axial armature winding apply d shaft currents come dynamic regulation motor operation when axial direction it is main
Magnetic flux and radial direction main flux, weak magnetic control is realized with this, widen the output-constant operation region of motor.
Although above-mentioned the embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to accompanying drawing, model not is protected to the present invention
The limitation enclosed, one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that on the basis of technical scheme those skilled in the art are not
Need to pay various modifications or deformation that creative work can make still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of multiple stators mixed magnetic circuit permagnetic synchronous motor, it is characterized in that：Including radial stator, axial stator and rotor, its
In, permanent magnet is placed with the rotor, the permanent magnet makes to produce magnetic flux on rotor, radial direction side of a part of magnetic flux along motor
Entered to by radial air gap among radial stator, form radial direction main flux, another part magnetic flux in axial direction passes through axle
Entered to air gap among axial stator, form axial main flux, radial direction main flux and axial main flux composition mixed magnetic circuit, lead to
Regulation and control mixed magnetic circuit is crossed, motor is realized and is increasing the conversion between magnetic running status and weak magnetism speed expansion running status；
The rated speed to be worked according to motor, nominal torque and performance requirement, set the radial air gap length of motor, axial gas
Gap length and the number of turn of radial direction armature winding and axial armature winding, determine that motor radial stator and axial stator act as producing
Raw main driving torque realizes weak magnetic, to determine the working condition of motor；
The working condition of the motor specifically includes three kinds：
(1) axial armature winding applies d shaft currents, and radial stator produces main driving torque, and axial stator realizes weak magnetic function simultaneously
Produce power torque；
(2) radial direction armature winding applies d shaft currents, and axial stator produces main driving torque, and radial stator realizes that weak magnetic function is produced
Raw power torque；
(3) the radial direction armature winding of motor and axial armature winding do not apply d shaft currents, only produce q shaft currents, radially main
Magnetic flux and radial stator armature field produce driving torque, and axial main flux and axial stator armature field produce driving torque,
Motor torque density and power density reach maximum.
2. a kind of multiple stators mixed magnetic circuit permagnetic synchronous motor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：It is radially fixed to specifically include
Son, axial stator and rotor, wherein, the rotor is set in inside radial stator, is coaxially laid with radial stator, the rotor
One or both ends be provided with axial stator, axial stator with rotor is concentric lays；
Radial direction winding is provided with the stator slot of the radial stator, be provided with the stator slot of the axial stator axially around
Group；
Rotor slot is provided with the rotor, permanent magnet is placed with rotor slot, the permanent magnet makes to produce radial direction magnetic on rotor
Pole and axial pole, the magnet radial poles are towards motor radial stator, and the axial pole is towards motor axial stator so that electricity
Machine radially, axially produces torque, forms mixed magnetic circuit, by regulating and controlling mixed magnetic circuit, realizes motor and is increasing magnetic running status
Conversion between weak magnetism speed expansion running status.
3. a kind of multiple stators mixed magnetic circuit permagnetic synchronous motor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The radial stator and
Radial air gap between rotor outer be present, axial air-gap be present between the axial stator and rotor tip；The main magnetic of radial direction
Magnetic field interaction caused by logical and radial direction armature winding produces torque, axial main flux and magnetic field caused by axial armature winding
Interaction produces torque.
4. a kind of multiple stators mixed magnetic circuit permagnetic synchronous motor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The radial stator,
Including stator slot, stator tooth and stator yoke, wherein, stator yoke for annular shape, stator tooth have it is multiple, along stator yoke circumference
It is uniformly distributed, has stator slot between stator tooth, radial direction winding is placed with the stator slot；
The axial stator includes axial stator back yoke, axial stator groove and axial stator tooth, and the axial stator back yoke is located at
The axial side of axial stator, axial stator tooth are arranged in axial stator back yoke, and axial direction is provided between axial stator tooth
Stator slot, axial winding is laid in axial stator groove.
5. a kind of multiple stators mixed magnetic circuit permagnetic synchronous motor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The radial direction of the motor
Main flux and axial main flux are parallel relationship, and empty load of motor radial direction main flux and axial main flux accounting are by radial air gap and axle
Determined to the length of air gap.
6. a kind of multiple stators mixed magnetic circuit permagnetic synchronous motor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The number of motor phases m
>=3, number of pole-pairs p >=1, radial direction armature winding and axial armature winding are Single-layer Windings or Double Layer Winding, and radial direction armature winding produces
Raw magnetic field number of poles is equal with magnet radial poles number of poles, the number of poles in magnetic field caused by axial armature winding and axial pole number of poles phase
Deng.
7. a kind of multiple stators mixed magnetic circuit permagnetic synchronous motor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The rotor is soft magnetism
Composite is made, and rotor is provided with the groove for laying permanent magnet, and the rotor tip is processed into fan ring-shaped, forms axial magnetic
Pole, the number of poles of axial pole and the number of poles of magnet radial poles are equal.
8. a kind of electric automobile, it is characterized in that：Include a kind of multiple stators mixing magnetic as any one of claim 1-7
Road permagnetic synchronous motor.
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| CN107579637A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2018-01-12 | 东南大学 | A kind of axial radial flux magneto |
| CN109361302B (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2020-03-31 | 山东大学 | Multi-stator consequent-pole type six-phase permanent magnet synchronous driving motor, application and method thereof |
| CN109361300B (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2020-03-20 | 山东大学 | Double three-phase permanent magnet synchronous driving motor, electric automobile and method thereof |
| CN109217602B (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2020-04-10 | 山东大学 | Multiphase permanent magnet synchronous driving motor, application and method thereof |
| CN109194071B (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2020-04-10 | 山东大学 | Weak-magnetic multi-stator six-phase permanent magnet synchronous driving motor, electric automobile and method thereof |
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| JP2011067048A (en) * | 2009-09-18 | 2011-03-31 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Permanent magnet synchronous motor |
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