CN105186750B - A kind of yoke portion double winding composite excitation permanent magnet linear electric generator - Google Patents
A kind of yoke portion double winding composite excitation permanent magnet linear electric generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN105186750B CN105186750B CN201510694318.9A CN201510694318A CN105186750B CN 105186750 B CN105186750 B CN 105186750B CN 201510694318 A CN201510694318 A CN 201510694318A CN 105186750 B CN105186750 B CN 105186750B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of yoke portion double winding composite excitation permanent magnet linear electric generator, its stator slot includes armature slot and excitation groove, the armature slot and excitation groove alternate intervals are arranged, and a set of armature winding is provided with the armature slot, set of excitation winding is provided with the excitation groove；Main air gap is provided between stator tooth and mover tooth, the groove yoke portion of the excitation groove disconnects, provided with additional air gap；The armature winding indirect current, the Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection leads to the constant DC current in direction, armature supply magnetic field, exciting current magnetic field and magnetic field interaction caused by permanent magnet cause the magnetic flux on stator tooth mutually to change, and produce torque using magnetic resistance change rate between stator and mover and generate electricity.The present invention efficiently reduces device for power switching number, reduces the possibility that device for power switching in circuit for controlling motor breaks down, and reliability improves.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of yoke portion double winding composite excitation permanent magnet linear electric generator.
Background technology
The electric energy inputted can be converted into straight line kinetic energy by linear motor driver in required occasion, real
Now move along a straight line, save the machine driving conversion equipment in traditional rotation-straight line conversion type of drive, substantially reduce transmission dress
The volume put, improves the reliability and efficiency of whole system, and effectively reduces the cost and maintenance cost of equipment, not only such as
This, also traditional rotation-straight line changes the high speed that type of drive is unable to reach, high accuracy and robustness.Further, since transmission turns
Changing device can dramatically increase vibration and the noise of transmission system, reduce the control accuracy and performance of system.Therefore, in modern industry
In production process, especially all particular applications, such as precision instrument, aero-space instrument, Medical Instruments etc., straight line electric
Machine has obtained more and more extensive application.
Kinetic energy caused by linear motion directly can be converted into electric energy by linear electric generator, and hair is directly driven using linear electric generator
Electricity, the being mutually matched property of machinery of moving component and TRT can be significantly increased, kinetic energy capture rate is high, especially in the straight of low speed
Line kinematic system, more there is advantage using linear electric generator.
At present, linear electric generator has a following species, 1) linear induction generator, its feature are：End effect is obvious, especially
When it is high-speed cruising, end effect causes motor propulsive force to be obviously reduced；Efficiency and power factor are all than relatively low, usual efficiency
50%~60%, power factor only has 0.5 or so, and control system and control strategy are extremely complex；2) permanent magnet linear generator,
There is high power density and high efficiency, directly drive electricity generation system applied to ocean wave energy at present.But existing permanent magnetism
The permanent magnet of linear electric motors is mostly on mover, and as mover moves reciprocatingly, the magnetic property of permanent-magnet material is easily by temperature, rust
The influence of the external environmental factor such as erosion and vibration, therefore, for the more severe occasion of running environment, permanent magnet linear generator is simultaneously
It is inapplicable；3) straight line switch reluctance generator, motor body is simple in construction, and manufacturing cost is low, and operational reliability is high, and having can
The advantage run under various mal-conditions, maintenance cost are low.In addition, its whole system efficiency is moved higher than linear induction
Machine, and with broad economical operation scope, can be realized by various flexible control strategies a series of gratifying
Performance, but straight line switch reluctance generator power density is relatively low.
In recent years, with the raising of permanent-magnet material resistance to elevated temperatures and the reduction of price, magneto is in national defence, industrial or agricultural
Production and daily life etc. are more widely applied, and positive high-power, high performance and miniaturization direction are developed.
For the power of magneto from several milliwatts to several megawatts, application draws use from toy motor, commercial Application to naval vessel at present
Large-scale magneto, be widely applied in the various aspects of national economy, daily life, war industry, Aero-Space,
Similar with permanent magnet rotating electric machine, existing permanent-magnetism linear motor winding is generally 3 phases, and stator slot number is more, and winding inserting technique is answered
Miscellaneous, manufacturing cost is high；Existing most of permanent-magnetism linear motor permanent magnets are located on mover, are moved with mover during operation, forever
Magnet need to be fixed using special procedure, and manufacturing cost is high, and when especially motor operation speed is higher, permanent magnet fixes difficulty, due to
Permanent magnet is located on mover, and radiating is difficult during operation, temperature rise and caused by reciprocating motion vibration can cause permanent magnet machine
Tool structural failure and generation irreversible demagnetization；Existing permanent magnet linear generator is generally three-phase, it is desirable to the power inverting electricity of motor
Road at least needs 6 device for power switching, such as IGBT or MOSFET, and the corresponding driving device for power switching
Drive circuit and protection circuit so that power of motor inverter circuit cost is at a relatively high, even up to the two of motor body cost
To three times, quantity of power switches, which increases, adds control circuit complexity, the possibility increase of device failure, fortune
The reliability of system reduces during row.Existing permanent-magnetism linear motor be mostly permanent magnet directly facing air gap, permanent magnet faces can not
Demagnetization is dangerous, moreover, the existing permanent-magnetism linear motor winding number of phases is more, iron core inside groove number is more, and winding inserting technique is answered during manufacture
Miscellaneous, iron core dosage is big, and motor quality is big, and stock utilization is low when electric power generation is run
For existing permanent-magnetism linear motor because permanent magnet magnetic kinetic potential is fixed, motor main flux is non-adjustable, causes output-constant operation
Narrow range, voltage is non-adjustable during generator operation, does not have De-excitation at fault function, and machine winding is generally 3 phases, stator slot number
It is more, winding inserting complex process；Existing most of permanent magnet of permanent magnet motor are located on mover, are moved with mover during operation,
Permanent magnet need to be fixed using special procedure, and manufacturing cost is high, and when especially motor speed is higher, permanent magnet fixation is more difficult, by
Be located in permanent magnet on mover, radiating is difficult during operation, temperature rise and caused by mover moves vibration can cause permanent magnet
Irreversible demagnetization is damaged and occurred to mechanical structure；Existing permanent-magnetism linear motor is generally three-phase, it is desirable to the power inverting electricity of motor
Road at least needs 6 device for power switching, such as IGBT or MOSFET, and the corresponding driving device for power switching
Drive circuit and protection circuit so that power of motor inverter circuit cost is at a relatively high, even up to the two of motor body cost
To three times, quantity of power switches, which increases, adds control circuit complexity, the possibility increase of device failure, fortune
The reliability of system reduces during row.
For the existing nonadjustable shortcoming of permanent-magnetism linear motor excitation magnetic potential, related scholar proposes some composite excitation knots
Structure motor, this kind of composite excitation structural electromotor can be divided into two classes from excitation mode, one kind be permanent magnet magnetic potential with excitation around
Group magnetic potential series-mode frame, for this class formation because magnetic flux is needed through permanent magnet, exciting current is big, and excitation loss is high, and
And the risk of irreversible demagnetization can be produced to permanent magnet, application is not extensive；Another kind of is permanent magnet magnetic potential and Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection magnetic potential
Structure in parallel, this class formation typically use stator permanent-magnet, and permanent magnet is located on stator, are adjusted by adjusting Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection electric current
Magnetic field being saved, this kind of motor adjustable magnetic performance is good, but after increase Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection, machine winding tricks is more so that electric machine structure is complicated,
It sometimes appear that there are the situation of more set windings or existing phase winding to have the situation of Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection, the increase of groove domestic demand again in a groove
Phase insulation, winding inserting complex process, groove utilization rate is low, in addition, it is desirable to increase excitation groove, electromechanics structure scatteredization is tight
Weight, assembles fixed difficult, processing technology complexity, and motor cost is high.What is more important, increase Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection after, it is necessary at least
The electric current of a device for power switching control Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection is further added by, which further adds the cost of power circuit, moreover,
Magnetic flux caused by Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection and main flux share main magnetic circuit and main air gap, and by motor, other design parameters are limited excitation effect
System, once motor is made, excitation effect can only be controlled by adjusting exciting current, can not be controlled by individually designed magnetic excitation circuit
Magnetic flux processed.
Therefore, seek that a kind of winding number of phases is few, and iron core dosage is few, motor body manufacturing process is simple, and permanent magnet is positioned at fixed
Easy for installation on son, cost is low, and power circuit switching device number is few, controller and power circuit cost it is low have adjustable magnetic work(
The composite excitation permanent magnet linear electric generator of energy is most important.
In addition, existing magneto uses Distributed Winding or the concentratred winding across multiple pole spans more, generally deposits
In winding terminal minister, copper consumption is big, and manufacturing cost is high, and copper loss is big during motor operation, the shortcomings such as efficiency is low, especially for iron core
The larger motor of length, this shortcoming is especially prominent, it is necessary to reduce winding overhang using special winding coil connected mode,
Reduction copper, improve motor operation efficiency.
The content of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve the above problems, it is proposed that a kind of yoke portion double winding composite excitation permanent magnet linear electric generator, this
There are a set of stator armature winding and set of excitation winding on the stator of permanent magnet motor, and one is only laid in each groove of motor
Winding is covered, phase insulation is not needed in groove, copper factor is high, and machine winding down line process is simple, and whole cost is less than existing
All kinds of three-phase induction motors and magneto；Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection is laid in motor excitation groove of the present invention, Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection is encouraged from one
Magnetic groove penetrates, and is then passed in outward direction along on the outside of stator back yoke, forms a coil, and Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection surrounds stator slot yoke,
Permanent magnet and stator back yoke are wound, and the Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection in each excitation groove is a set of coil；Armature winding indirect current of the present invention
Stream, another group of Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection leads to DC current, therefore the control circuit of motor only needs two electric and electronic power switching devices, changes
Having become on existing all kinds of induction conductivities and permanent magnet motor stator has three-phase and the armature winding of the above, it is necessary at least 6
The present situation of individual electric and electronic power switching device, efficiently reduces device for power switching number, reduces in circuit for controlling motor
The possibility that device for power switching breaks down, reliability improve.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of yoke portion double winding composite excitation permanent magnet linear electric generator, including stator, mover, additional air gap and main air gap,
Mover is arranged at the inside of stator, wherein：
Even number stator tooth is evenly arranged with the stator, stator slot is provided with two neighboring stator tooth, positioned at stator
Groove is provided with permanent magnet between the stator slot yoke of lateral direction and stator back yoke, and the permanent magnet does not rotate with mover, same
The magnetizing direction of permanent magnet on individual stator slot yoke is identical, and the magnetizing direction of the permanent magnet in two neighboring stator slot yoke portion is opposite；
The stator slot includes armature slot and excitation groove, the armature slot and the arrangement of excitation groove alternate intervals, the armature
A set of armature winding is provided with groove, set of excitation winding is provided with the excitation groove；
Main air gap is provided between stator tooth and the mover tooth, the groove yoke portion of the excitation groove disconnects, provided with additional air gap；
The armature winding indirect current stream, the Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection lead to the constant DC current in direction, armature supply magnetic field, exciting current
Magnetic field interaction caused by magnetic field and permanent magnet causes the magnetic flux on stator tooth mutually to change, and utilizes magnetic resistance between stator and mover
Change produces torque and generated electricity.
Permanent magnet does not move with mover, easy for installation, is advantageous to radiate, and eliminates common magneto due to permanent magnet
With mover rotation the shortcomings of the damage of caused mechanical stress and bad permanent magnet radiating, every piece of permanent magnet both can be by a monoblock
Permanent magnet, which magnetizes, to be formed, and can also be spliced by the permanent magnet of polylith narrower width, the width of the permanent magnet can with identical,
Can also be different.
The number of the stator tooth is the even number more than or equal to 2.
The number of the mover tooth is more than or equal to the 1/2 of stator tooth number.
The block number number of the permanent magnet is m times of mover tooth, and m is the natural number more than or equal to 1.
A set of armature winding or Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection are only laid in the stator slot, phase insulation is not needed in stator slot,
Groove utilization rate is high, and winding inserting technique is simple, and manufacturing cost is low.
The permanent magnet is in close contact with stator back yoke iron core and stator slot yoke core.
The Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection penetrates from an excitation groove, is then passed in outward direction along on the outside of stator back yoke, forms one
Individual coil, Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection surround stator slot yoke, and permanent magnet and stator back yoke are wound, and the Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection in each excitation groove is a set of
Coil, all coils of formation are parallel with one another or connect；
The armature winding penetrates from an armature slot, is then passed in outward direction along on the outside of stator back yoke, forms one
Individual coil, armature winding surround stator slot yoke, and permanent magnet and stator back yoke are wound, and the armature winding in each armature slot is a set of
Coil, all coils of formation are parallel with one another or connect.
The additional air gap does not increase the size of motor；A part of magnetic flux is by master caused by adjacent two pieces of permanent magnets
Air gap enters mover and forms main flux, and another part enters mover without main air gap and closes and formed Lou by the additional air gap
Magnetic flux, because total magnetic flux caused by permanent magnet is certain, this can be adjusted by the size for adjusting electric current in Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection
The size of leakage magnetic flux, and then the size of the main flux entered by main air gap in mover is adjusted, regulation excitation is realized with this
Effect.
The additional air gap can be width identical even air gap everywhere, or different non-homogeneous of width everywhere
Air gap, thus it is possible to vary the width of additional air gap obtains different increasing magnetic and weak magnetic spy using not wide gap structure up and down
Property, the needs of different application occasion are met with this.
Magnetic flux caused by the Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection forms closed-loop path by additional air gap, stator tooth, main air gap and mover tooth,
Magnetic flux caused by Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection without permanent magnet, with permanent magnet caused by magnetic flux form parallel relationship, reduce magnetic flux
The magnetic resistance in corresponding loop, same exciting current can produce larger magnetic flux, not only effectively increase adjustable magnetic efficiency, and keep away
Exempted from permanent magnet due to magnetic flux through permanent magnet cause permanent magnet magnetic reversal and caused magnetic property decline etc. it is irreversible
The risk of demagnetization, enhance the reliability of motor.
The width of the permanent magnet is determined by the magnetic energy product according to permanent magnet or residual flux density, according to the design of motor
Air gap flux density determines the residual flux density of permanent magnet, then determines the magnetic energy product of permanent magnet by changing the pole embrace of permanent magnet,
And existing magneto generally only could meet to design because pole embrace is limited by number of poles using high-performance permanent magnet
The close needs of magnetic.
The permanent magnet can be the permanent-magnet material such as neodymium iron boron of high energy product or be low magnetic energy product permanent magnetism material
Material such as ferrite or aluminium nickel cobalt are made.
The present invention operation principle be：
The stator core and mover core mover of motor are formed using silicon steel plate stacking or the core material of high permeability
Once it is made, when armature winding and the equal no power of Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection, a part for magnetic flux caused by the permanent magnet passes through stator
Groove yoke, stator tooth and main air gap flow into mover tooth, then are flowed out to by adjacent mover tooth under main air gap reaches another extremely
Permanent magnet, then closed by stator back yoke, this results in the main flux of motor；Another part magnetic flux caused by permanent magnet without
Main air gap, but pass through additional air gap by stator slot yoke, enter it is another extremely under permanent magnet, closed by stator back yoke,
This part magnetic flux does not enter into main air gap and mover, is only closed in stator interior, this part magnetic flux is leakage magnetic flux.Under additional air gap
Side is provided with excitation groove close to circle centre position, lays Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection in excitation groove, during Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection galvanization, according to the sense of current
Difference, magnetic field caused by Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection will strengthen or weaken main flux, and Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection electric current is bigger, enhancing to main flux or
Weakening effect is stronger, because Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection magnetic potential and permanent magnet magnetic potential are in parallel, total magnetic flux caused by permanent magnet be it is certain, because
This, can adjust the size of the leakage magnetic flux, and then adjust and pass through main gas by adjusting sense of current and size in Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection
The size for the main flux that gap is entered in mover, the effect of regulation excitation is realized with this.When armature winding is powered, armature winding
Different polarity is presented in the stator tooth of armature slot both sides respectively where magnetic field caused by electric current causes armature winding, is produced with permanent magnet
Raw magnetic fields superposition a so that stator tooth shows polarity, there is main flux magnetic flux process, and another adjacent stator tooth does not have
Polarized, no magnetic flux flow through, and because armature winding is set every a groove, the stator tooth for therefore, in motor having half has pole
Property, the stator tooth of half does not have polarity, and according to magnetic resistance minimum principle, will move to mover makes mover tooth with determining with polarity
The position that sub- tooth overlaps, due to the half that the mover number of teeth is the stator number of teeth, now just each mover tooth with stator tooth face,
This position is the aligned position of mover tooth and stator tooth, and the inductance of this position correspondence is maximum and magnetic resistance is minimum.Now, mover
Continuing to move, keep sense of current in armature winding constant, mover is by the power of its motion hindered, and generator operation, after
Continue and be powered in inductance last transition, power generation process will be continued for, and after stator and mover align once again, change armature supply
Direction so that stator tooth without polarity showed polarity just now, and the stator tooth of original polarized does not show polarity, mover after
Continuous stress is simultaneously generated electricity, and this process will be repeated always, and power generation process is continued for.Due to entering mover tooth by main air gap
Main flux can be by above-mentioned exciting current adjustment, and therefore, motor of the present invention can need to realize according to actual condition increases magnetic fortune
Row and weak magnetic field operation, the output voltage range of motor is widened, reduce manufacturing cost, improve electric efficiency.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
(1) motor excitation winding of the present invention leads to the constant DC current in direction, it is only necessary to controls the electricity of a set of armature winding
Size and Orientation is flowed, therefore only needs two device for power switching, and common three phase electric machine needs at least six power switch device
Part, device for power switching number is few needed for electric machine controller, and cost is low；
(2) during motor operation of the present invention magnetic field caused by armature winding and Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection on the stator teeth mutually enhancing or
Offset, during motor operation armature winding and Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection complete period be powered simultaneously, therefore, the power density height of motor of the present invention,
Stock utilization is high, the motor of same design power, and motor of the present invention saves material usage, reduces cost；
(3) motor permanent magnet of the present invention is fixed on stator, is not rotated with mover, easy for installation, is advantageous to radiate, and is eliminated
Common electric machine due to permanent magnet rotates with mover and caused mechanical stress is damaged, the permanent magnet bad grade that radiates lacks
Point；A set of winding is only laid in each stator slot of motor of the present invention, machine winding inserting-coil process is simple, need not be placed in groove
Phase insulation, be advantageous to improve copper factor and groove utilization rate；
(4) motor excitation winding of the present invention is simple concentratred winding, is twined around stator slot yoke, permanent magnet and stator yoke
Around, when electric machine stator iron length is larger, winding overhang copper consumption can be substantially reduced, reduces manufacturing cost, reduces copper loss,
Improve motor operation efficiency；
(5) in addition to main air gap, motor of the present invention is additionally provided with additional air gap, and additional air gap dexterously designs the length in motor
Direction, additional air gap will not increase the size of motor；A part of magnetic flux caused by adjacent two pieces of permanent magnets enters by main air gap
Mover forms main flux, and another part enters mover without main air gap and closes to form leakage magnetic flux by the additional air gap, by
It is certain in total magnetic flux caused by permanent magnet, the leakage field can be conveniently adjusted by the size for adjusting electric current in Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection
Logical size, and then the size of the main flux entered by main air gap in mover is adjusted, increasing magnetic action can be both played, again may be used
To play weak magnetic effect, the voltage output range and power output scope of motor are effectively widened, significantly improves the performance of motor；
(6) geomery of additional air gap can need flexibly to change according to different weak magnetics, can use wide air gap, on
Narrow air gap or up-narrow and down-wide air gap under width, different weak magnetic effects is reached with this；
(7) magnetic flux caused by Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection forms closed-loop path by additional air gap, stator tooth, main air gap and mover tooth,
Magnetic flux caused by Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection without permanent magnet, with permanent magnet caused by magnetic flux form parallel relationship, reduce magnetic flux
The magnetic resistance in corresponding loop, same exciting current can produce larger magnetic flux, not only effectively increase weak magnetic efficiency, and keep away
Exempted from permanent magnet due to magnetic flux through permanent magnet cause permanent magnet magnetic reversal and caused magnetic property decline etc. it is irreversible
The risk of demagnetization, enhance the reliability of motor；
(8) permanent magnet in motor of the present invention can be one piece of permanent magnet integrally to magnetize, can also be by polylith permanent magnet
It is spliced, therefore manufacturing process is simple, cost is low, improves because the cost of the permanent magnet of motor wider width is higher, machine
Easily ruptured during tool stress, more difficult during installation, mechanical strength is spliced not as good as the less permanent magnet of polylith width
Problem；
(9) width of the permanent magnet of motor of the present invention can be according to the design magnetic energy product or design residual flux density of permanent magnet
Flexibly determine, so motor of the present invention can use the permanent magnet of high energy product or the permanent magnet using low magnetic energy product,
High energy product permanent magnet and low magnetic energy product permanent magnet mix and match can also be used, can be according to the design of motor in actual design
Air gap flux density determines the residual flux density of permanent magnet, then the magnetic energy of permanent magnet required for being determined by the pole embrace of permanent magnet
Product, solve existing magneto because pole embrace is limited by number of poles, generally only use high-performance permanent magnet ability
The problem of meeting high performance motor needs.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the power converter circuit figure of motor of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is existing brushless direct current permanent magnetic and permagnetic synchronous motor power converter circuit figure；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of motor embodiment 1 of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of motor embodiment 2 of the present invention；
Wherein, 1. stator tooth, 2. stator back yokes, 3. stator slot yokes, 4. armature slots, 5. excitation grooves, 6. armature winding, 7. encourage
Magnetic winding, 8. permanent magnets, 9. mover teeth, 10. mover grooves, 11. main air gaps, 12. additional air gaps.
Embodiment：
The invention will be further described with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
A kind of yoke portion double winding composite excitation permanent magnet linear electric generator, it includes stator, mover, main air gap and additional gas
Gap, the stator include permanent magnet, stator yoke, stator tooth, stator slot and stator winding；The mover includes mover tooth and mover
Groove；The stator yoke includes stator slot yoke and stator back yoke, and stator slot yoke is located at stator slot close to lateral direction, stator slot yoke and
Permanent magnet is provided between stator back yoke, permanent magnet does not move with mover, easy for installation, is advantageous to radiate, and eliminates common permanent magnetism
Generator due to permanent magnet with mover move and caused mechanical stress damage and permanent magnet radiating it is bad the shortcomings of, every block of permanent magnetism
Body can both be magnetized by a monoblock permanent magnet and be formed, and can also be spliced by the permanent magnet of polylith narrower width, the permanent magnetism
The width of body can be with identical, can also be different, and the magnetizing direction of the permanent magnet on same stator slot yoke is identical, two neighboring fixed
The magnetizing direction of permanent magnet in pilot trench yoke portion is opposite；The stator slot include armature winding where groove (armature slot) and excitation around
Groove (excitation groove) where group, the armature slot and the arrangement of excitation groove alternate intervals, lay in the armature slot a set of armature around
Group, lays set of excitation winding in the excitation groove, during motor operation, it is only necessary to controls the size of current of a set of armature winding
And direction, the Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection lead to the constant DC current in direction, armature supply magnetic field, exciting current magnetic field and permanent magnet produce
Magnetic field interaction the magnetic flux on stator tooth is mutually strengthened or is offset, stator field is continuous open-minded in a certain direction
Or shut-off, produce torque using magnetic resistance change rate between stator and mover and generate electricity；Main air gap is provided between stator tooth and mover tooth；
The stator slot yoke portion of top disconnects in groove where the Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection, if additional air gap, additional air gap does not increase the size of motor；
A part of magnetic flux caused by adjacent two pieces of permanent magnets by main air gap enter mover formed main flux, another part without
Main air gap enters mover and closes to form leakage magnetic flux by the additional air gap, because total magnetic flux caused by permanent magnet is certain
, the size by adjusting electric current in Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection can adjust the size of the leakage magnetic flux, and then adjust and enter by main air gap
The size of main flux into mover, the effect of regulation excitation is realized with this.
The number ns of motor stator tooth meets：Ns=2*n, wherein n are greater than the natural number equal to 1.
The number nr of electric mover tooth and the number ns of motor stator tooth meet：nr≥ns/2.
The block number npm of permanent magnet and the number ns of motor stator tooth meet：Npm/m=0.5*ns, m are more than or equal to 1
Natural number.
A set of armature winding or Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection are only laid in stator slot, phase insulation, groove profit are not needed in stator slot
High with rate, winding inserting technique is simple, and manufacturing cost is low.
Magnetic flux caused by Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection forms closed-loop path, excitation by additional air gap, stator tooth, main air gap and mover tooth
Magnetic flux caused by winding without permanent magnet, with permanent magnet caused by magnetic flux form parallel relationship, it is corresponding to reduce magnetic flux
The magnetic resistance in loop, same exciting current can produce larger magnetic flux, not only effectively increase weak magnetic efficiency, and avoid
Permanent magnet due to magnetic flux causes permanent magnet magnetic reversal through permanent magnet and caused magnetic property such as declines at the irreversible demagnetization
Risk, enhance the reliability of motor.
Permanent magnet is in close contact with stator back yoke iron core and stator slot yoke core.
Additional air gap can be width identical even air gap everywhere, or the different non-homogeneous gas of width everywhere
Gap, thus it is possible to vary the width of additional air gap obtains different increasing magnetic and weak magnetic characteristic using not wide gap structure up and down,
Meet the needs of different application occasion with this.
Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection penetrates from an excitation groove, is then passed in outward direction along on the outside of stator back yoke, forms a line
Circle, Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection surround stator slot yoke, and permanent magnet and stator back yoke are wound, and the Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection in each excitation groove is a set of line
Circle, all coils of formation can be with parallel with one another or series connection；
Armature winding penetrates from an armature slot, is then passed in outward direction along on the outside of stator back yoke, forms a line
Circle, armature winding surround stator slot yoke, and permanent magnet and stator back yoke are wound, and the armature winding in each armature slot is a set of line
Circle, all coils of formation can be with parallel with one another or series connection；
The width of the permanent magnet of motor can flexibly be determined by the magnetic energy product according to permanent magnet or residual flux density, can be with
The residual flux density of permanent magnet is determined according to the design air gap flux density of motor, then determined forever by changing the pole embrace of permanent magnet
The magnetic energy product of magnet, and existing magneto generally only uses high-performance permanent magnet because pole embrace is limited by number of poles
Body could meet to design the close needs of magnetic.
Permanent magnet can be the permanent-magnet material such as neodymium iron boron of high energy product or be the permanent-magnet material of low magnetic energy product such as
Ferrite or aluminium nickel cobalt are made.
Excitation field can be adjusted during motor operation of the present invention, can be with regulation motor by the electric current for adjusting Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection F
Magnetic flux density in air gap, motor excitation winding of the present invention are placed in below additional air gap, and both are placed side by side, Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection
Caused magnetic flux is directly over additional air gap, stator tooth, and main air gap and mover tooth forms closed-loop path, and magnetic flux is without forever
Magnet, with permanent magnet caused by magnetic flux formed parallel relationship, this not only effectively increases weak magnetic efficiency, and avoids permanent magnet
The risk of the irreversible demagnetization such as caused magnetic property decline due to magnetic reversal, the permanent magnet selection of motor of the present invention is flexible,
Both the permanent magnet of high energy product can have been selected, the permanent magnet of the low magnetic energy product such as ferrite can also be selected, because electricity can be passed through
The design air gap flux density of machine determines the residual flux density of permanent magnet, then determines permanent magnet by changing the pole embrace of permanent magnet
Magnetic energy product, and existing magneto generally only uses high-performance permanent magnet ability because pole embrace is limited by number of poles
Meet the close needs of design magnetic.
Because the difference of additional air gap width can significantly change the magnetic resistance of motor magnetic circuit, the leakage field between permanent magnet is influenceed
It is logical, and then the increasing magnetic and weak magnetic effect of motor are influenceed, therefore, thus it is possible to vary the width of additional air gap uses not wide up and down
Gap structure, different motor characteristics can be obtained by the additional air gap width for changing motor, different application field is met with this
The needs of conjunction.
There was only a set of stator armature winding A as shown in figure 1, motor is hybrid excitation permanent magnet motor, on stator and a set of encourage
Magnetic winding F, and a set of winding is only laid in each groove of motor, phase insulation, machine winding down line process are not needed in groove
Simply, whole cost is less than existing all kinds of three-phase induction motors and magneto, due to being not required to phase insulation, copper factor in groove
It is high；Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection is laid in motor excitation groove of the present invention, lays armature winding in armature slot, winding from an armature slot or
Person's excitation groove penetrates, and is then passed in outward direction along on the outside of stator back yoke, forms a coil, and machine winding surrounds stator slot
Yoke, permanent magnet and stator back yoke are wound, and the winding in each groove is a set of coil, and motor permanent magnet of the present invention is fixed on stator
On, do not moved with mover, it is easy for installation, be advantageous to radiate, eliminate common magneto because permanent magnet moves with mover
And caused mechanical stress damage, permanent magnet radiate the shortcomings of bad；The power density of motor of the present invention is high, stock utilization
Height, the motor of same design power, motor of the present invention save material usage, reduce cost；There was only one during motor operation of the present invention
Armature winding A indirect current streams are covered, and Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection F passes to the constant DC current in direction, therefore the control circuit of motor is only
Two electric and electronic power switching devices are needed, such as IGBT or MOSFET.
As shown in Fig. 2 have on existing all kinds of induction conductivities and permanent magnet motor stator three-phase and the armature of the above around
Group is, it is necessary at least six electric and electronic power switching device.Therefore, switching device needed for the control system of motor of the present invention is few, into
This is low, simple in construction.Further, since device for power switching number is few, reduces device for power switching in circuit for controlling motor and send out
The possibility of raw failure, reliability improve.
Excitation field can be adjusted during motor operation of the present invention, can be with regulation motor by the electric current for adjusting Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection F
Magnetic flux density in air gap, motor excitation winding of the present invention are placed in below additional air gap, and both are placed side by side, Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection
Caused magnetic flux is directly over additional air gap, stator tooth, and main air gap and mover tooth forms closed-loop path, and magnetic flux is without forever
Magnet, with permanent magnet caused by magnetic flux formed parallel relationship, this not only effectively increases weak magnetic efficiency, and avoids permanent magnet
The risk of the irreversible demagnetization such as caused magnetic property decline due to magnetic reversal, the permanent magnet selection of motor of the present invention is flexible,
Both the permanent magnet of high energy product can have been selected, the permanent magnet of the low magnetic energy product such as ferrite can also be selected, because electricity can be passed through
The design air gap flux density of machine determines the residual flux density of permanent magnet, then determines permanent magnet by changing the pole embrace of permanent magnet
Magnetic energy product, and existing magneto generally only uses high-performance permanent magnet ability because pole embrace is limited by number of poles
Meet the close needs of design magnetic.
Because the difference of additional air gap width can significantly change the magnetic resistance of motor magnetic circuit, the leakage field between permanent magnet is influenceed
It is logical, and then the increasing magnetic and weak magnetic effect of motor are influenceed, therefore, thus it is possible to vary the width of additional air gap uses not wide up and down
Gap structure, different motor characteristics can be obtained by the additional air gap width for changing motor, different application field is met with this
The needs of conjunction.
Embodiment one：
As shown in figure 3, the motor stator number of teeth is 8, the mover number of teeth is 4, and permanent magnet block number is 4, and present embodiment includes fixed
Son, mover, main air gap and additional air gap, stator include stator core, permanent magnet and stator slot, and stator core includes stator tooth 1,
Stator back yoke 2 and stator slot yoke 3, stator core are made up of high permeability ferromagnetic material, and stator core is provided with stator slot, stator
Groove includes armature slot 4 and excitation groove 5, armature slot 4 and the arrangement of the alternate intervals of excitation groove 5, and Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection 7 is laid in excitation groove 5,
Armature winding 6 is laid in armature slot 4, winding penetrates from an excitation groove or armature slot, then in outward direction along stator
Passed on the outside of back yoke, form a coil, machine winding surrounds stator slot yoke 3, and permanent magnet 8 and stator back yoke 2 are wound, each groove
Interior winding is a set of coil, and armature winding 6 and Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection 7 distinguish 4 sets of coils of each formation, and 4 sets of coils can be serially connected
It is or in parallel；Permanent magnet 8 is laid between stator slot yoke 3 and stator back yoke 3, permanent magnet 8 uses the ferrite of low magnetic energy product forever
Magnet material, the magnetizing direction of adjacent two pieces of permanent magnets are opposite；Mover includes mover tooth 9 and mover groove 10, and mover tooth 9 uniformly divides
Cloth, main air gap 11 is provided between mover tooth 9 and stator tooth 1；The stator slot yoke portion of top disconnects in groove where Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection, if attached
Aerating gap 12, the width everywhere of additional air gap 12 are equal.
Embodiment two：
As shown in figure 4, the motor stator number of teeth is 8, the mover number of teeth is 4, and permanent magnet block number is 8, and present embodiment includes fixed
Son, mover, main air gap and additional air gap, stator include stator core, permanent magnet and stator slot, and stator core includes stator tooth 1,
Stator back yoke 2 and stator slot yoke 3, stator core are made up of high permeability ferromagnetic material, and stator core is provided with stator slot, stator
Groove includes armature slot 4 and excitation groove 5, armature slot 4 and the arrangement of the alternate intervals of excitation groove 5, and Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection 7 is laid in excitation groove 5,
Armature winding 6 is laid in armature slot 4, winding penetrates from an excitation groove 5 or armature slot 4, then in outward direction along fixed
Passed on the outside of sub- back yoke, form a coil, machine winding surrounds stator slot yoke 3, and permanent magnet 8 and stator back yoke 2 are wound, each
Winding in groove is a set of coil, and armature winding 6 and Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection 7 distinguish 4 sets of coils of each formation, and 4 sets of coils can mutually go here and there
Connection is in parallel；Permanent magnet 8 is laid between stator slot yoke 3 and stator back yoke 2, there are 2 pieces of permanent magnets on each stator slot yoke, forever
For magnet 8 using the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material of high energy product, the magnetizing direction of 2 pieces of permanent magnets on same stator slot yoke is identical,
The magnetizing direction of permanent magnet on adjacent different stator slot yokes is opposite；Mover includes mover tooth 9 and mover groove 10, mover tooth 9
It is uniformly distributed, main air gap 11 is provided between mover tooth 9 and stator tooth 1；The stator slot yoke portion of top breaks in groove where Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection
Open, if additional air gap 12, the width everywhere of additional air gap 12 is equal.
Meanwhile motor provided by the invention, according to the difference of its application field, those skilled in the art are directed to concrete application
The difference of environment and object, the electric machine structure of the present invention without creative change, be readily apparent that, should also be subordinate to
Belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Although above-mentioned the embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to accompanying drawing, model not is protected to the present invention
The limitation enclosed, one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that on the basis of technical scheme those skilled in the art are not
Need to pay various modifications or deformation that creative work can make still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of yoke portion double winding composite excitation permanent magnet linear electric generator, including stator, mover, additional air gap and main air gap, move
Son is arranged at the inside of stator, wherein：
Even number stator tooth is evenly arranged with the stator, stator slot is provided with two neighboring stator tooth, is leaned on positioned at stator slot
Permanent magnet is provided between the stator slot yoke and stator back yoke of nearly lateral direction, the permanent magnet does not rotate with mover, same fixed
The magnetizing direction of permanent magnet on pilot trench yoke is identical, and the magnetizing direction of the permanent magnet in two neighboring stator slot yoke portion is opposite；
It is characterized in that：The stator slot includes armature slot and excitation groove, the armature slot and the arrangement of excitation groove alternate intervals, described
A set of armature winding is provided with armature slot, set of excitation winding is provided with the excitation groove；
Main air gap is provided between stator tooth and the mover tooth, the groove yoke portion of the excitation groove disconnects, provided with additional air gap；It is described
Armature winding indirect current stream, the Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection lead to the constant DC current in direction, armature supply magnetic field, exciting current magnetic field
With permanent magnet caused by magnetic field interaction the magnetic flux on stator tooth is mutually changed, utilize magnetic resistance change rate between stator and mover
Produce power and generate electricity；
The residual flux density of permanent magnet is determined according to the design air gap flux density of motor, permanent magnet is determined by changing pole embrace
Magnetic energy product, the width of permanent magnet is determined according to the magnetic energy product of permanent magnet or residual flux density；Magnetic caused by adjacent two pieces of permanent magnets
A logical part passes through main air gap and enters mover formation main flux, and another part enters mover without main air gap and passes through this and add
Air gap closes to form leakage magnetic flux, by adjusting the size of the big minor adjustment leakage magnetic flux of electric current in Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection, and then adjusts warp
The size for the main flux that main air gap is entered in mover is crossed, realizes regulation excitation.
2. a kind of yoke portion double winding composite excitation permanent magnet linear electric generator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The stator
The number of tooth is the even number more than or equal to 2.
3. a kind of yoke portion double winding composite excitation permanent magnet linear electric generator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The mover
The number of tooth is more than or equal to the 1/2 of stator tooth number.
4. a kind of yoke portion double winding composite excitation permanent magnet linear electric generator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The permanent magnetism
The block number of body is m times of mover tooth, and m is the natural number more than or equal to 1.
5. a kind of yoke portion double winding composite excitation permanent magnet linear electric generator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The excitation
Winding is penetrated from an excitation groove, is then passed in outward direction along on the outside of stator back yoke, forms a coil, and Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection is enclosed
Wound around stator slot yoke, permanent magnet and stator back yoke, the Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection in each excitation groove is a set of coil, and the institute of formation is wired
Enclose parallel with one another or series connection.
6. a kind of yoke portion double winding composite excitation permanent magnet linear electric generator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The armature
Winding penetrates from an armature slot, is then passed in outward direction along on the outside of stator back yoke, forms a coil, and armature winding encloses
Around stator slot yoke, permanent magnet and stator back yoke are wound, and the armature winding in each armature slot is a set of coil, and the institute of formation is wired
Enclose parallel with one another or series connection.
7. a kind of yoke portion double winding composite excitation permanent magnet linear electric generator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：It is described additional
Air gap is width identical even air gap everywhere, by changing the width of additional air gap, obtains different increasing magnetic and weak magnetic characteristic.
8. a kind of yoke portion double winding composite excitation permanent magnet linear electric generator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：It is described additional
Air gap is the different non-homogeneous air gap of width everywhere, obtains different increasing magnetic using not wide gap structure up and down and weak magnetic is special
Property.
9. a kind of yoke portion double winding composite excitation permanent magnet linear electric generator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The excitation
Magnetic flux caused by winding forms closed-loop path, magnetic caused by Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection by additional air gap, stator tooth, main air gap and mover tooth
It is logical without permanent magnet, with permanent magnet caused by magnetic flux form parallel relationship.
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| CN201510694318.9A CN105186750B (en) | 2015-10-22 | 2015-10-22 | A kind of yoke portion double winding composite excitation permanent magnet linear electric generator |
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| CN109149795A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2019-01-04 | 李伟 | A kind of generator armature and generator |
| CN110445346B (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2024-08-13 | 诺丁汉(余姚)智能电气化研究院有限公司 | Reluctance type linear generator |
| CN112825449B (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2022-10-28 | 李静怡 | Parallel-series excitation direct current motor |
| CN117081282B (en) * | 2023-10-16 | 2024-01-23 | 四川大学 | Parallel magnetic circuit hybrid excitation type disc type transverse flux motor |
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| JP2002209347A (en) * | 2001-01-12 | 2002-07-26 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Motor |
| CN1925260A (en) * | 2005-08-30 | 2007-03-07 | 乐金电子(天津)电器有限公司 | Stator for annular generator |
| CN101552497B (en) * | 2009-05-14 | 2011-04-27 | 浙江大学 | A mixed excitation biconvex pole motor T |
| CN101820192B (en) * | 2010-05-19 | 2011-09-07 | 常州工学院 | Mixed excitation permanent magnet flux switching motor |
| CN103490532B (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2015-11-18 | 东南大学 | A kind of error-tolerance type stator partition type Magneticflux-switching type memory electrical machine |
| CN205081601U (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2016-03-09 | 山东大学 | Duplex winding mixed excitation permanent magnet linear generator of yoke portion |
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