CN1051341A - 陶瓷粉末 - Google Patents
陶瓷粉末 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1051341A CN1051341A CN89108342A CN89108342A CN1051341A CN 1051341 A CN1051341 A CN 1051341A CN 89108342 A CN89108342 A CN 89108342A CN 89108342 A CN89108342 A CN 89108342A CN 1051341 A CN1051341 A CN 1051341A
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- VIKNJXKGJWUCNN-XGXHKTLJSA-N norethisterone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@@H]2[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@](CC4)(O)C#C)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 VIKNJXKGJWUCNN-XGXHKTLJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000008293 association colloid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006259 organic additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013001 point bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009702 powder compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/486—Fine ceramics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/14—Methods for preparing oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/145—After-treatment of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. pulverising, drying, decreasing the acidity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
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- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
一种适用于压制成制品的陶瓷粉末的制备方法,
包括分散颗粒陶瓷于水中,最好颗粒尺寸为小于1微
米,且在有氨或烷基胺存在的条件下进行,氨或烷基
胺具有低于水的沸点;然后喷雾干燥该分散液以制得
粉末。
该方法特别可应用于氧化锆,并能产生微细、自
由流动的粉末,它能被加工成均匀密度的制品。
Description
本发明涉及压制用的陶瓷粉末的制造。
近来在使用高纯度陶瓷如氧化锆作为各种专门目的使用的兴趣已导致对高品级陶瓷粉末的要求。通常陶瓷构件是用干法压制该种粉末来制造的,并采用适合于该种方法(下面都指粉末压制法)的高品级粉末将导致产生无大气孔和均匀致密度的构件。为了达到这些目的,压制粉末必须很细,可自由流动,并实际上不会产生不均一的形状。要求有均匀致密度的球形颗粒,因为它们能给出最大自由流动度的最高容积密度的粉末。在压制时,这样的粉末将更易于形成生坯体,它要比密度不均匀的粉末所形成的生坯体具有更为均一的气孔大小。若这些性质未能达到一个可以接受的程度,则会导致陶瓷制品显示出低劣的性能。
制备陶瓷压制粉末的一个普通方法是喷雾干燥法。在此方法中,在有合适的表面活性剂存在下将具有受控颗粒尺寸的如氧化锆的陶瓷材料悬浮于水中,然后进行喷雾以得到很细的压制粉末,它实际上主要由疏松的球状颗粒集料组成的微细压制粉末。将该粉末放入模中并压制之,得到准备下一步烧结工序之前的生坯体。在喷雾干燥之前,还可加入其他材料如粘合剂和增塑剂,这些添加剂有助于控制生坯体的强度和均匀性。该方法存在的问题是在颗粒上还留有表面活性剂残余物。这种残余物的存在将会降低细颗粒的全部性能,然而要去除这些残余物既困难又耗钱。
现在业已发现,可以避免上述的这种情况,并且有可能制取一种高品级的陶瓷压制粉末,它具有很少有机残余物的含量,甚至没有有机残余物。因此根据本发明提供了一种适用于压制制品的陶瓷粉末的制备方法,其步骤如下:
(a)在有氨或烷基胺存在条件下将陶瓷颗粒分散于水中,氨或烷基胺具有低于水的沸点,其存在量要足以能分散陶瓷粉末;和
(b)喷雾干燥该生成的悬浮液以得到陶瓷粉末。
在本发明中适用的颗粒陶瓷可以为任何一种可用于陶瓷制品生产的颗粒陶瓷。这些颗粒陶瓷中最普通的为各种类型的稳定化的或部分稳定化的二氧化锆,但另一种陶瓷氧化物如氧化铝也可使用。其平均颗粒大小应该小一些,最大为1.0微米。
该方法包括两个步骤:将颗粒陶瓷分散,和然后喷雾干燥该分散液以制得压制粉末。分散是在一定量的具有低于水的沸点的氨或烷基胺的参与下进行的。这在待批的PCT申请案PCT/AU89/00242“陶瓷的研磨方法”中有所描述,其中揭示了这一惊奇的发现,即氨和挥发性的烷基胺可被用作陶瓷粉末的分散剂。可用于该发明的相同类型的烷基胺类,即分子式为NR1R2R3的化合物,这里R1、R2和R3为选自氢和C1-C4的烷基,并且R1、R2和R3中至少一个为烷基,也同样可以本发明中使用。此外,由于价廉和比较低的毒性,可优先推荐使用氨。
为分散颗粒陶瓷所需的氨或烷基胺的用量还不能以非常精确的程度来加以说明,因为颗粒陶瓷的浓度和氨或烷基胺的蒸发速率变动是相当大的。不论采用何种颗粒陶瓷,加入充分足够的分散剂以使其悬浮一熟练的技术人员能很容易地来确定它。其他所需的材料如粘合剂和增塑剂也可加入于本方法的此部分中。
然后喷雾干燥此悬浮液,喷雾干燥技术对本专业领域来说是熟知的:典型的实施方法是通过喷嘴或旋转式雾化器喷射于热干燥室内。工业用喷雾干燥设备的实例有“Niro”生产的小型的和“Buchi”生产的微型喷射干燥器。
本方法最大优点之一是该分散剂是易挥发的,因此在喷雾干燥过程中可逸出失掉,该过程的意义是仅只有很少一些必须去除的有机残余物。还有一个最令人惊奇的优点是由该喷雾干燥法产生的时颗粒具有很高的所需的性质。这些颗粒为具有非常均一的密度的特别细的颗粒集料,并且它们可成为优良的压制粉末。
这些颗粒的性质导致又一个主要优点,已经发现倘若用压制法制造的陶瓷制品其形状既不是很大又不是很复杂,就有可能省去迄今为止认为必不可少的粘合剂和增塑剂,并可得到一个完全无有机残余物的陶瓷制品。在技术领域中,众所周知,要去除陶瓷的这种有机残余物部分的唯一方法是延长高温加热(一般称作“粘合剂烧失”)。使用按照本发明方法所制造的陶瓷压制粉末,就不再需要许多其他应用方法。对大型的和较为复杂的部件来说,一些粘合剂和有关的增塑剂则仍需使用,但其需用量是较少的,并且其最终的去除问题因而也是较小的。
本发明方法与待批申请案AU23770/88和PCT/AU89/00242所揭示的方法可方便地结合一起使用,能提供一个为制造陶瓷压制粉末的完整的方法(从粗制粉末开始)。
本发明通过下面的实施例来进一步说明,实施例中所有的份数以重量表示。
实施例1
氧化锆压制粉末的制备和由此而得的陶瓷制品
6000重量份的氧化锆粉末(含有摩尔3%的Y2O3)与3380份的水和120份的氨放于碾磨机内一起研磨,直到50%的颗粒具有小于0.28微米的大小。最终生成的分散液具有6毫帕斯卡·秒的粘度和近于牛顿流变度。
分散液在“Niro”(商标名)小型喷雾干燥器内以进口温度为350℃和出口温度为115℃方式进行喷雾干燥。产物的聚结物的平均大小为60微米,聚结物为球形,当剖载开后发现具有均匀的内部密度。
将上述制备好的粉末在15兆帕斯卡压力下在同一轴向压制成尺寸为5×5×50毫米的棒条。然后将这些棒条在200兆帕斯卡压力下均衡等压地压制,并以1℃/分钟的恒定加热速率煅烧至1500℃。在此温度下保持2小时,随后以300℃/小时的速率回复至四周环境温度。将棒条进行表面研磨并且修切边缘。
用阿氏(Archimedes)法测量该陶瓷的密度为6.07克/厘米3(约为理论的99.5%)。其抛光表面几乎不显示有任何气孔,用四点弯曲试验,在十字头速度为0.25米/分下所测得的弯曲强度为1110±150兆帕斯卡。
实施例2
该实施例表示在制备氧化锆压制粉末中采用常用的分散剂和得到的效果。
如同实施例1中描述的粉末制备方法,随后的步骤除了所用的分散剂为聚丙烯酸铵外,其余相同(聚丙烯酸铵为联合胶体公司生产的“Dispex”(商标名)A40ex)。在研磨阶段用150份该分散剂和3850份水。最后生成具有5毫帕斯卡·秒粘度和近于牛顿流变度的微细颗粒大小的分散液。
在与实施例1完全相同的条件下喷雾干燥该分散液,最终产品为具有圆环曲面形状的、包括有平均直径为50微米的聚结物的压制粉末。
按实施例1中描述的同样方法由此压制粉末制备陶瓷棒条。产物的烧结密度为5.94克/厘米3(理论值的97.4%)。抛光表面的显微镜检查显示出该压制条件并不会使所有聚结物变形,仍能见到原始的圆环形状。其表面同样显示出相当高的孔隙度,并且材料的弯曲强度为733±59兆帕斯卡,仅为实施例1材料强度的66%。
实施例3
说明本发明在制造各种尺寸部件方面的实用性
按实施例1描述的方法制备的粉末500克,将它放在圆柱体模中在200兆帕斯卡压力下均衡等压地压制,形成的生坯体其高度为7.77厘米,直径为5.19厘米、并且具有的密度为3.10克/厘米3。采用实施例1的条件进行煅烧,经鉴别,这些要比通常在工艺上所应用的含有机添加剂的陶瓷坯体快得多。
最终的陶瓷体其直径约为4厘米,高度约为6厘米,以及烧结密度为6.07克/厘米3。
用约2克的试样重复作实验。最终尺寸是直径约0.9厘米和高度约为0.5厘米,并发现其烧结密度与500克圆柱体的密度相同,在允许的实验误差之内。
限定本发明的权利要求范围如下。
Claims (6)
1、一种适用于压制制品的陶瓷粉末的制备方法,有以下各步骤:
(a).在氨或烷基胺存在下分散颗粒陶瓷于水中,氨或烷基胺具有低于水的混点,存在的数量要足以能悬浮陶瓷;和
(b).喷雾干燥所生成的悬浮液以制得陶瓷粉末。
2、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于颗粒陶瓷具有的颗粒尺寸最大为1微米。
3、一种适合于压制成制品的陶瓷粉末,它是通过按照权利要求1或2的方法来制备的。
4、根据权利要求3所述的陶瓷粉末,其特征是该粉末完全没有有机类物质。
5、一种实质上参考实施例所描述的方法。
6、一种实质上参考实施例所描述的陶瓷粉末。
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AUPJ094988 | 1988-10-13 |
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CN89108342A Pending CN1051341A (zh) | 1988-10-13 | 1989-10-30 | 陶瓷粉末 |
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US (1) | US5196180A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0451152B1 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR970011315B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1051341A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2000514A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE68908719T2 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2017157A6 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1990003838A1 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN101928140A (zh) * | 2010-06-24 | 2010-12-29 | 无锡市中昊微电子有限公司 | 压力传感器的陶瓷复合弹性体的制备方法及原料混合装置 |
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DE4212633A1 (de) * | 1992-04-15 | 1993-10-21 | Inst Neue Mat Gemein Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung oberflächenmodifizierter nanoskaliger keramischer Pulver |
US5525559A (en) * | 1993-02-13 | 1996-06-11 | Tioxide Specialties Limited | Preparation of mixed powders |
GB9302911D0 (en) * | 1993-02-13 | 1993-03-31 | Tioxide Specialties Ltd | Preparation of mixed powders |
US5277702A (en) * | 1993-03-08 | 1994-01-11 | St. Gobain/Norton Industrial Ceramics Corp. | Plately alumina |
DE4336694A1 (de) * | 1993-10-27 | 1995-05-04 | Inst Neue Mat Gemein Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Metall- und Keramiksinterkörpern und -schichten |
AU712920B2 (en) * | 1997-06-13 | 1999-11-18 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Zirconia powder, method for producing the same, and zirconia ceramics using the same |
DE102008003615A1 (de) | 2008-01-09 | 2009-07-16 | Magforce Nanotechnologies Ag | Magnetische Transducer |
WO2011127456A2 (en) | 2010-04-09 | 2011-10-13 | Pacira Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Method for formulating large diameter synthetic membrane vesicles |
JP5844902B2 (ja) | 2011-08-10 | 2016-01-20 | マグフォース アーゲー | アルコキシシランでコーティングされた磁性ナノ粒子の凝集化 |
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---|---|---|---|---|
GB584799A (en) * | 1944-04-24 | 1947-01-23 | Titanium Alloy Mfg Co | Improvements relating to compositions for forming refractory structures |
US3082103A (en) * | 1959-11-12 | 1963-03-19 | Horizons Inc | Stable colloidal dispersions and method of preparing same |
DE1168316B (de) * | 1961-12-18 | 1964-04-16 | Degussa | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gemisches aus Zirkoniumoxyd und Kieselsaeure |
US4179408A (en) * | 1977-03-25 | 1979-12-18 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Process for preparing spheroidal alumina particles |
US4485182A (en) * | 1982-07-28 | 1984-11-27 | Ibiden Kabushiki Kaisha | Powder composition for producing sintered ceramic |
US4713233A (en) * | 1985-03-29 | 1987-12-15 | Allied Corporation | Spray-dried inorganic oxides from non-aqueous gels or solutions |
JPS61263628A (ja) * | 1985-05-17 | 1986-11-21 | Mitsubishi Mining & Cement Co Ltd | セラミツクスマイクロ球の製造方法 |
JPS62260718A (ja) * | 1986-05-06 | 1987-11-13 | Shigeyuki Somiya | 水熱法による高純度ジルコニア−アルミナ系超微粉末の製造方法 |
CA1273647A (en) * | 1987-08-19 | 1990-09-04 | Jean V. Sang | Production of ceramic powders by emulsion precipitation processes and the products thereof |
NZ226551A (en) * | 1987-10-20 | 1990-03-27 | Ici Australia Operations | Fine grinding of ceramic particles in attrition mill |
DE68916931T2 (de) * | 1988-06-17 | 1994-11-03 | Tioxide Specialties Ltd | Mahlverfahren. |
-
1989
- 1989-10-03 US US07/689,289 patent/US5196180A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-10-03 DE DE89911005T patent/DE68908719T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-10-03 KR KR1019900701217A patent/KR970011315B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 1989-10-03 EP EP89911005A patent/EP0451152B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-10-03 WO PCT/AU1989/000425 patent/WO1990003838A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1989-10-12 CA CA002000514A patent/CA2000514A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1989-10-13 ES ES898903460A patent/ES2017157A6/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-10-30 CN CN89108342A patent/CN1051341A/zh active Pending
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101928140A (zh) * | 2010-06-24 | 2010-12-29 | 无锡市中昊微电子有限公司 | 压力传感器的陶瓷复合弹性体的制备方法及原料混合装置 |
CN101928140B (zh) * | 2010-06-24 | 2013-05-01 | 无锡市中昊微电子有限公司 | 压力传感器的陶瓷复合弹性体的制备方法及原料混合装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1990003838A1 (en) | 1990-04-19 |
DE68908719T2 (de) | 1994-02-03 |
US5196180A (en) | 1993-03-23 |
EP0451152A4 (en) | 1991-11-21 |
EP0451152A1 (en) | 1991-10-16 |
CA2000514A1 (en) | 1990-04-13 |
DE68908719D1 (de) | 1993-09-30 |
ES2017157A6 (es) | 1991-01-01 |
EP0451152B1 (en) | 1993-08-25 |
KR970011315B1 (ko) | 1997-07-09 |
KR900701384A (ko) | 1990-12-01 |
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