CN1050966A - Cultivation method of mushroom - Google Patents
Cultivation method of mushroom Download PDFInfo
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- CN1050966A CN1050966A CN 90109488 CN90109488A CN1050966A CN 1050966 A CN1050966 A CN 1050966A CN 90109488 CN90109488 CN 90109488 CN 90109488 A CN90109488 A CN 90109488A CN 1050966 A CN1050966 A CN 1050966A
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Abstract
Cultivation method of mushroom, it is directly to sow 15～20% cultivated species to make mushroom spawn in the wood chip composts or fertilisers of cultivating 80% or more, through the cultivation fruiting.Done the science processing at culture technique, preparation raw material, modulator and management aspect.Therefore, applied widely to the selection of raw material, culture environment in cultivation management.This method is applicable to that also autumn rain is many, air humidity big, tans by the sun the inconvenient environment of material, is convenient to batch production production.Adopt this method simple to operate, suitable plant that scope is wide, labor and material saving, yield rate height, one square chi of every production is saved cost about 50%, remarkable in economical benefits than known technology.
Description
The invention belongs to field of edible fungus culture.
The late nineteen eighties in this century, mushroom production new way has been opened up in the success of cultivating Xianggu mushroom by crude materials.On March 30th, 1, disclosed application number was that 87104362 Van der Waals comrades inventions " the cultivation in raw material method of mushroom " are after Gazette of Patent for Invention is open, the domestic many R﹠D institutions and the producer have been attracted for the moment, require to transfer the possession of this technology and send a letter to one after another, find that in practice process known technology still has weak point.As the cultivation in the known technology, management technique complexity, to raw-material processing and to send out that collarium border conditional request is higher, bacterial classification is selected improper, simultaneously because bacterial classification amount and raw material consumption are big, cost is still high.
Task of the present invention just provides a kind of cultivation method of mushroom.Simple, the suitable scope of planting of this method technology is wide; Selected to be suitable for most the bacterial classification of this method, and few with the bacterial classification amount; Used the modulator of forming by 10 kinds of compositions, this modulator medicament contg is less than (reporting according to relevant publication below 4/10000ths, the interior medicament contg of mushroom reaches at 27/10000ths o'clock and can cause the person poultry poisoning), meet the food hygiene requirement, fruiting morning, output height, low, the remarkable in economical benefits of cost.
Technological process of the present invention is: preparation composts or fertilisers of cultivating → sowing briquetting system mushroom spawn → management results.
Task of the present invention is to realize through the following steps:
One, cultivating chamber disinfects.Do for the first time cultivating chamber the house, the house is cleaned up, the cultivation bedstead of making is put into, cultivate and close the doors and windows, hang up curtain, door curtain the previous day, with the Lysol spray solution flooring, wall, ceiling, door, window and the cultivation bedstead that prepare, after the thorough disinfection, by stifling 12 hours of every cubic metre of usefulness 15～20 gram Sulfur burnings.If the house humidity in sterilization, also will be spread one deck lime on the ground.Make the house of spawn culture chamber or cultivating chamber for a long time, also will be before fumigating to ground, the flushing of cultivating stand water with Lysol, Sulfur sprinkling, ground sprinkles lime, wall whitewashes with dense limewash, with 1: 500 times carbendazim to have living space, door, window, bedstead, ceiling, ground spraying disinfection, used plastic film and contain the apparatus of getting bacterial classification with 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate soaking disinfection.
Two, preparation composts or fertilisers of cultivating: with cool solarization such as bright weed tree sawdust, rice bran, corn flour or oven dry, adding white sugar, modulator, clear water are fully mixed thoroughly, and the composts or fertilisers of cultivating water content for preparing is about 50%.
Prescription: weedtree wood chip 78.8%, rice bran 15.2%, corn flour 3.6%, white sugar 1.2%, modulator (comprising magnesium sulfate, calcium sulphate, calcium carbonate, carbendazim, potassium permanganate, bitter beans, antibiotic, various vitamin, potassium dihydrogen phosphate) 1.2%, pH value nature amount of water are 76～80% of siccative.
Three, sowing briquetting system mushroom spawn.Select suitable bacterial classification for use, the bacterium order was advisable with about 40 days, the movable square frame of one square chi or 12 square chi, Senior Two cun is placed on the bedstead that is covered with the malicious film that disappeared, putting 5～6 nuclears in square frame chooses behind the big bacterial classification half of composts or fertilisers of cultivating poured in the square frame and shakeouts above the bacterial classification, sprinkle one deck bacterial classification, half composts or fertilisers of cultivating that will be left is again poured in the square frame and is shakeout.Can not leave one deck bacterial classification that sprinkles of hole uniformly and use hand gently one time, cover the mushroom spawn top charge level of the assorted bacterium of easy infection with bacterial classification, growing preponderates has very soon suppressed the growth of assorted bacterium once recovering when mycelia.It should be noted that doing mushroom spawn can not compress and want pine a bit, four jiaos will compress, and suitably compress all around, and middle pine accomplishes to make the mushroom spawn pine and frame is taken off on the limit that do not collapse then gently, mushroom spawn.After one deck bedstead is finished, cover sterile plastic film immediately, to cover completely close all around.After all bedsteads in each room are finished the bacterium piece, to culturing room's air sterillization, carry out hair tube reason with Lysol.Do the siccative conversion before with the production of hybrid seeds of 15%～20%(bacterial classification that a used bacterial classification amount of mushroom spawn accounts for the mushroom spawn total amount, composts or fertilisers of cultivating calculates with the siccative that does not add before the water).
Four, cultivating management gathers.Behind the sowing briquetting, manage by cultivating Xianggu mushroom by crude materials mycelial growth condition.Mycelia just began growth in more than 30 hour, mycelia just can be covered with bacterium piece surface before 15 days, left and right sides mycelia can be had thorough grasp the material piece in 20 days, 30 days left and right sides mushroom spawn annesls, urge mushroom after 40 days, increase humidity to culturing room, make relative air humidity reach 85～95%, give bacterium piece scattered light and thermal stimulation, fruiting between 40～50 days is received first planting mushroom about 55 days.
Send out the controlled condition that bacterium is cultivated
1, nutrient: the contained nutrition of various raw materials in the prescription, can satisfy the needs that mushroom mycelium and sporophore growth are grown;
2, temperature: vegetative stage is temperature required is advisable with 17～22 ℃, the house relative air humidity is good with 17～19 ℃ between 80～95% the time, the sporophore growth stage stops management of producing mushroom with its natural temperature when daily mean temperature reaches more than 18 ℃, allow the bacterium piece have a rest;
3, humidity: composts or fertilisers of cultivating water content about 50%, because the prescription of this method, cultivation, modulator, management etc. are comparatively scientific and reasonable, mycelial growth requires not tight to indoor air humidity, relative moisture is under 50～95% environmental condition, mycelia is the energy normal growth all, sporophore growth requires surrounding air relative moisture between 85～95%, is good with 90%;
4, air: culturing room requires circulation of air, can not take off plastic film in ten days behind the sowing briquetting, and take off film once every day after ten days, also can take off film once in two days, if temperature is low, but backward delay 1～2 day when taking off film.The bacterium of finding when taking off film to mix is in time smeared sealing with 1: 20 dense limewash, with non-proliferation, the plain boiled water point on the bacterium piece needn't be wiped, but the red secreting liquid or the ponding beach on ponding beach and the plastic film that occur will be blotted with aseptic cotton or husky cloth, it is light that action is wanted, and notes not damaging mycelia.When indoor air temperature is elevated to more than 22 ℃, can open the membrane gas treatment cooling in high noon of temperature or afternoon, when indoor air temperature reaches 25 ℃, should open door, window ventilation cooling, in the 20 day time behind briquetting, can before taking off film in 4～5 days, sterilize with the Lysol solution spray half an hour, moist house reduces the spraying disinfection number of times as far as possible, can be in the house four jiaos and aisle spread a little lime, can fall wet again can sterilization, when bacterium ferfas silk growth dense white after, but every day the duration of ventilation proper extension;
5, illumination: a bacterium stage does not need light, and behind the bacterium piece annesl, mycelia changes generative growth phase over to, after 40 days, takes down curtain about the sowing briquetting, gives room scattering light;
6, the selection of pH value: the acid-base value of the composts or fertilisers of cultivating of being prepared by filling a prescription just is fit to the needs that cultivating Xianggu mushroom by crude materials mycelia and sporophore growth are grown;
This method is through repeatedly experiment in cultivation, because nutrient, acid-base value and environmental condition have well been reconciled in the combination of prescription, bacterial classification, modulator, cultivation management science, promotes that mycelia grows fast, has effectively controlled assorted bacterium, sends out the bacterium yield rate and all reaches 100%.Once under the relatively poor situation of growth conditions as moist (relative air humidity reaches 90～95%), ventilate poor, nearly ten years old abode house room, raw materials as the spawn culture chamber be the wood chip of musty was arranged in 1 year and to test without the old rice chaff of Exposure to Sunlight and corn flour and in spawn culture chamber for many years, a bacterium yield rate still reaches 100%.With the inventive method of known Van der Waals application, 1.83 jin of siccatives of the output Fan Shi method on identical area under cultivation are produced 1 jin of bright mushroom, and the then per 1.25 jin of siccatives of newborn stuff cultivation method can be produced 1 jin of bright mushroom.Cultivation method of mushroom is simple than Fan Shi method technology, suitablely plant that scope is wide, saving of labor, material-saving, cost are low, earn a large income.
Cultivation method of mushroom and Fan Shi method (Van der Waals application abbreviation) are sent out bacterium and are cultivated controlled condition, recruitment, sowing quantity, yield rate, output, the receipts first planting mushroom time table of comparisons (calculating with 100 square chi of areas)
New method Fan Shi method
Composts or fertilisers of cultivating is formed: 197 jin of wood chips, and 300 jin of rice brans of rice wood chip+
38 jin of corn flour corn flour=54 jin white sugar of chaff
3 jin 3 jin of 9 jin of white sugar
No. 13, No. two beneficial microbial inoculums of 3 jin of water purification of modulator are fungi-proofing
330 jin of 190～200 jin of agent=9 jin water purification
Composts or fertilisers of cultivating is handled: wood chip, rice bran, beautiful wood chip, rice bran, corn flour
Cool solarization of ground rice or oven dry were tanned by the sun 2～3 days
Send out the bacterium temperature: 17～22 ℃ 17～23 ℃
Send out bacterium humidity: relative air humidity culturing room of culturing room relative air humidity
50～95% 50～80%
Ventilation control: behind the sowing briquetting in ten days not every day indoor carrying out 1～2 time
Moving film, ventilation every day after ten days, and to film
Or took off film in two days and once ventilate and lift 2～3 times and regulate air
Worked as bacterium in 10～20 minutes
The dense white back of silk duration of ventilation is suitable
Work as prolongation
Indoor sterilization between bacteria developing period: behind the sowing briquetting in 35 days, every behind the sowing briquetting
In 20 days every day to air sterillization once, at least
Also took 3～4 days to air sterillization every 5～6 days
Time to air once.
Sterilization once.
Bacteria using amount amount: 200 bottles 300 bottles
Required artificial: 14
Send out the bacterium yield rate: 100% 95%
From briquetting to receiving first batch of mushroom time: about 55 days 70 days
Output: 240 jin of bright mushrooms of 210 jin of bright mushrooms
The bright mushroom amount that raw material per jin produces: 0.84 jin 0.65 jin
Embodiment: to produce 100 square chi of areas for 250 jin with composts or fertilisers of cultivating is example.One, preparation composts or fertilisers of cultivating.Ratio in 78.8% takes by weighing wood chip 250 * 78.8%=197 jin, rice bran 250 * 15.2%=38 jin, corn flour 250 * 3.6%=9 jin, white sugar 250 * 1.2%=3 jin, (wherein concentration is that 50% carbendazim adds 1.25 liang to modulator, 2.5 liang in potassium permanganate, totally 2 jin in calcium sulphate, magnesium sulfate and calcium carbonate, totally 6.25 liang in all the other antibiotic etc.) 250 * 1.2%=3 jin, water purification an amount of (looking dried wet, the decision of the weather when the cultivating water consumption of material, cultivating chamber), it is fully mixed thoroughly, stack approximately and sow briquetting after half an hour.Two, system mushroom spawn.The processing of cultivating chamber and the sterilization of used tool and how to make mushroom spawn, dilate the front, need to prove here, and mushroom spawn can be made into one square chi, also can be made into 12 square chi, mushroom spawn thickness 0.2 chi for improving work efficiency.Used bacterial classification is with C γ
o2 is more satisfactory.Three, cultivation is gathered.Hair tube reason is the basis of cultivating Xianggu mushroom by crude materials, and the morning and evening of annesl and quality, to fruiting sooner or later and output very big influence is just arranged.Early annesl is good how just to make bacterium piece annesl, skill is: when the long dense white secretion red liquid of bacterium piece surface mycelia, when fine noon, air was dry, the film that covers the bacterium piece is thrown off a few hours, bacterium piece surface moisture is descended after, cover film again, stop not taking off in 1～2 day film, so carry out several times, general twice, bacterium piece surface promptly forms the glossiness mycoderm of skim brownish red.Another point it should be noted that if in culturing room fruiting, the mushroom spawn of sowing briquetting is not moved, when occurring the big fruit body of one deck soya bean below the mushroom spawn, upper and lower immediately turn-over lies on the bedstead, fruiting morning like this, good mushroom type.When the medium well one-tenth bronze gong of fruit body limit, gather.
Claims (7)
1, cultivation method of mushroom is characterized in that the mushroom spawn made by auxiliary material such as the bacterial classification of the wood chip composts or fertilisers of cultivating more than 80% and 15～20% and a small amount of modulator method that bacterium is cultivated and the cultivation management of skill is produced mushroom of sending out through suitable temperature, humidity, air conditions.
2, cultivation method of mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described wood chip composts or fertilisers of cultivating is wherein 78.8% wood chip that goes mouldy of fresh and dried nothing and 15.2% rice bran, 3.6% corn flour, add 1.2% white sugar again, 1.2% modulator, mix thoroughly with water purification, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating water content for preparing is about 50%, and the pH value for preparing composts or fertilisers of cultivating is fit to the needs of cultivating Xianggu mushroom by crude materials mycelia and sporophore growth.
3, cultivation method of mushroom according to claim 1 is characterized in that bacterial classification divides three layers to be distributed in the composts or fertilisers of cultivating, particularly removes one deck bacterial classification what mushroom spawn top charge level can not leave hole equably, uses hand gently one time.
4, cultivation method of mushroom according to claim 2 is characterized in that modulator is made up of magnesium sulfate, calcium sulphate, calcium carbonate, carbendazim, potassium permanganate, bitter beans, antibiotic, various vitamin, potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
5, cultivation method of mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterized in that sending out bacterium and cultivate that vegetative stage is temperature required is advisable with 17～22 ℃, the house relative air humidity is good with 17～19 ℃ between 80～95% the time, the sporophore growth stage stops management of producing mushroom with its nature when daily mean temperature reaches more than 18 ℃.
6, cultivation method of mushroom according to claim 1 is characterized in that the mycelial growth indoor air relative humidity 50～95%, and sporophore growth surrounding air relative moisture is good with 90% between 85～95%.
7, cultivation method of mushroom according to claim 1 is characterized in that the assorted bacterium of finding on the bacterium piece smears the red sub bleeding or the ponding beach that occur on sealing, the bacterium piece with 1: 20 dense limewash and will blot with aseptic cotton or husky cloth.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 90109488 CN1050966A (en) | 1990-11-22 | 1990-11-22 | Cultivation method of mushroom |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 90109488 CN1050966A (en) | 1990-11-22 | 1990-11-22 | Cultivation method of mushroom |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1050966A true CN1050966A (en) | 1991-05-01 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 90109488 Pending CN1050966A (en) | 1990-11-22 | 1990-11-22 | Cultivation method of mushroom |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104030846A (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2014-09-10 | 桂林丰茂源农业技术开发有限公司 | Mushroom culture medium and preparing method thereof |
| CN104756758A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-07-08 | 象州县科学技术局 | Culture method of southern ramulus mori mushrooms |
| CN105110977A (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2015-12-02 | 临汾市尧都区杜怡霖种植专业合作社 | Cultivation medium used for increasing lentinacin in lentinus edodes |
| CN110419387A (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2019-11-08 | 宋炳言 | A kind of pure cultivation in raw material method of mushroom |
-
1990
- 1990-11-22 CN CN 90109488 patent/CN1050966A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104030846A (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2014-09-10 | 桂林丰茂源农业技术开发有限公司 | Mushroom culture medium and preparing method thereof |
| CN104030846B (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2016-03-30 | 桂林丰茂源农业技术开发有限公司 | A kind of mushroom culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN104756758A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-07-08 | 象州县科学技术局 | Culture method of southern ramulus mori mushrooms |
| CN105110977A (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2015-12-02 | 临汾市尧都区杜怡霖种植专业合作社 | Cultivation medium used for increasing lentinacin in lentinus edodes |
| CN110419387A (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2019-11-08 | 宋炳言 | A kind of pure cultivation in raw material method of mushroom |
| CN110419387B (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2021-09-21 | 宋炳言 | Cultivation method of mushroom pure raw material |
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