CN1050863C - 镍金属氢化物电池负极用储氢合金 - Google Patents
镍金属氢化物电池负极用储氢合金 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1050863C CN1050863C CN94110247A CN94110247A CN1050863C CN 1050863 C CN1050863 C CN 1050863C CN 94110247 A CN94110247 A CN 94110247A CN 94110247 A CN94110247 A CN 94110247A CN 1050863 C CN1050863 C CN 1050863C
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- hydrogen storage
- storage alloy
- metal hydride
- hydride battery
- nickel metal
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- -1 nickel metal hydride Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910001122 Mischmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001417490 Sillaginidae Species 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001996 bearing alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000352 storage cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/383—Hydrogen absorbing alloys
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
一种镍金属氢化物电池负极用储氢合金,通式为M(NiCoMnAl)5,其中M为混合稀土,Ni3.5~4.0,Co0.4~0.8,Mn0.3~0.4,Al0.3~0.4,其特征在于:混合稀土中镨的含量提高到12%~40%(原子百分比)。本发明提供一种具有更高的容量,更长的循环寿命,更好的快充放电性能的镍金属氢化物电池负极用储氢合金。
Description
本发明涉及储氢材料,特别是镍金属氢化物电池负极用储氢合金。
目前经常使用的蓄电池有镉镍电池、铅酸蓄电池等,近年来比这些电池重量轻而且容量大的高能量电池得到重视,这就是负极采用储氢合金的金属氢化物碱性蓄电池,其能量密度是镉镍电池的1.5~2倍,另外还具有无污染、无记忆效应等优点。可是这种储氢合金电极随着充放电次数的增加,合金微粉化而脱落,致使电池容量降低,并且电极的机械强度下降,经过一段时间极板容量很难维持,例如典型的储氢金属间化合物LaNi5,具有较高的初始容量,但充放电100次左右以后,容量下降到最高容量的60%以下。后来人们研究了用LaNi5-xMx(M:Mn、Ca、Cr、Al、Co)合金制成的负极的循环寿命,发现向合金中添加Co来替代部分Ni能有效地提高电极的循环寿命。用Mn和Al代替部分Ni可使合金具有合适的平台压力和较高的容量。用混合稀土代替镧利于降低合金成本,已实用化应用的M(NiCoMnAl)5(M为混合稀土)就是由此而来的。当然混合稀土中镨的含量较低,一般在11%以下。
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有更高的容量,更长的循环寿命,更好的快充放电性能的镍金属氢化物电池负极用储氢合金。
本发明提供了一种镍金属氢化物电池负极用储氢合金,通式为M(NiCoMnAl)5,其中M为混合稀土,Ni 3.5~4.0,Co 0.4~0.8,Mn 0.3~0.4,Al 0.3~0.4,其特征在于:混合稀土中镨的含量提高到12%~40%(原子百分比)。通过研究发现,当合金中只改变稀土中镨含量时,随着镨含量的增加,合金的容量、快速充放电性能、循环寿命等性能都有明显改善,犹以稀土中镨含量在20~30%之间为最佳。下面通过实例详述本发明。
附图1为电极A、B、C的初始放电容量比较(充电电流0.1C,放电0.2C)
附图2为电极A、B、C的容量与放电电流的关系之比较(充电电流均为0.1C)
附图3为电极D、E、F初始放电容量之比较(充电电流0.1C,放电0.2C)
附图4为电极D、E、F的容量与放电电流的关系之比较(充电电流均为0.1C)
附图5为电极D、E、F在初期10次充放电后,0.6C充放电对电容量与循环次数的关系。
附图6为电池G放电容量与循环次数的关系。
实施例1
将纯度为99%的金属镧、镨、钕、镍、钴、锰、铝原料按下列比例:La 0.45,Pr 0.2,Nd 0.35,Ni 4.0,Co 0.4,Mn 0.3,Al 0.3配料后在真空电弧炉中冶炼,再将冶炼得到的合金破碎成0.065mm以下的粉末,将粉末与3%PLA(聚乙烯醇)水溶液调成膏状,将其涂到泡沫镍板上,在60~70℃下烘干,在12MPa的压力下压实,即制成电极A,再与Ni(OH)2正极组成模拟电池,在6M KOH水溶液中进行充放电实验。
实施例2
制备方法与实例1相同,成份差异仅在于稀土中成份为La 49%,Pr 12%,Nd 39%,制成电极B。
实施例3
制备方法与实施例1相同,成份为La 0.38,Pr 0.3,Nd 0.32,Ni 3.5 Co 0.8,Mn 0.4,Al 0.3,制成电极D。
实施例4
制备方法与实例1相同,成份为La 0.44,Pr 0.2,Nd 0.36,Ni 3.5,Co 0.8,Mn0.4,Al 0.3,制成电极E。
实施例5
将混合稀土(成份为La 44%,Ce 2%,Pr 17%,Nd 37%)和纯镍、钴、锰、铝配成以下成份:Ml Ni 3.5,Co 0.8,Mn 0.4,Al 0.3在真空碳管炉中冶炼,将合金粉碎成0.065mm以下粉,将粉表面镀约1μ的镍层。将这种粉末制成负极,再与Ni(OH)2正极组装成AA型电池,此电池为G。
比较例1
制法同实例1,成份为La 0.53,Pr 0.05,Nd 0.42,Ni 4.0,Co 0.4,Mn 0.3,Al0.3,制成电极C。
比较例2
制法同实例1,成份为La 0.53,Pr 0.05,Nd 0.42,Ni 3.5,Co 0.8,Mn 0.4,Al0.3,制成电极F。
比较例3
制备方法同实例5,合金成分与实例5类似,只是稀土成份为La 30%,Ce 52%,Pr 5%,Nd 13%,制成电极H。
上述电极或电池均作了类似实验,各项性能列于图中。
图1是电极A、B、C初期容量与次数的关系,可以看出实例1和实例2的容量要比比较例1高出20~40mAh/g。图2为电极A、B、C放电容量与放电电流的关系,可以看出实例1电极A和实例2电极B大电流放电性能明业优于比较例1电极C。
图3为电极D、E、F初期放电容量的比较,图4为电极D、E、F的放电容量与放电电流之间关系。图5为在0.6C充放电情况下放电容量与循环次数的关系。由这三个较可看出,实例3的电极D和实例4的电极E的电容量、大电流放电性能和循环电容量衰减上都优于比较例2电极F。
图6为电池G放电容量与循环次数的关系,可以看出该电池最初500次时容量达1200mAh,在11400次左右容量仍保持600mAh。
图7为电极H的放电容量与循环次数的关系,当循环次数在300次左右,容量下降为60%,所以实例5的合金性能明显优于比较例3。
电池G性能(mAh)表
电池容量 温度 标准
(mAh) (mAh)1. 0.4C充3.5hr 1233 20℃ 10000.2C放至1.0V2. 0.4C充3.5hr 1133 20℃ 9001.0C放至1.0V3. 0.1C充15hr 1100 20℃ 7503.0C放至0.8V4. 0.4C充3.5hr 1101 20℃ 6775.0C放至1.0V5. 0.4C充3.5hr 1130 -18℃ 6000.2C放至1.0V6. 0.4C充3.5hr 1067 -18℃ 3001.0C放至0.8V由此表可见电池G具有高容量,优异的大电流充放电特性及优异的低温性能。
Claims (2)
1.一种镍金属氢化物电池负极用储氢合金,通式为M(NiCoMnAl)5,其中M为混合稀土,Ni 3.5~4.0,Co 0.4~0.8,Mn 0.3~0.4,Al 0.3~0.4,其特征在于:混合稀土中镨的含量提高到12%~40%(原子百分比)。
2.按权利要求1所述的镍金属氢化物电池负极用储氢合金,其特征在于:混合稀土中镨的含量在20~30%。
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CN1093693C (zh) * | 1999-09-28 | 2002-10-30 | 四川大学 | 镧镨铈-镍系贮氢合金电极材料 |
CN1093692C (zh) * | 1999-09-28 | 2002-10-30 | 四川大学 | 低Co镧镨铈-镍系贮氢合金电极材料 |
Citations (1)
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US5008164A (en) * | 1989-04-18 | 1991-04-16 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Hydrogen-absorbing alloy electrode |
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US5008164A (en) * | 1989-04-18 | 1991-04-16 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Hydrogen-absorbing alloy electrode |
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