CN105077215B - 以唐古特白刺多糖作为天然抑菌剂的冬虫夏草保鲜产品 - Google Patents
以唐古特白刺多糖作为天然抑菌剂的冬虫夏草保鲜产品 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
- A23L3/3454—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
- A23L3/3463—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
- A23L3/3562—Sugars; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/20—Fabaceae or Leguminosae [Pea or Legume family], e.g. pea, lentil, soybean, clover, acacia, honey locust, derris or millettia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种以唐古特白刺多糖作为天然抑菌剂的冬虫夏草保鲜产品，该产品是指每0.4 g~0.8 g的灭菌处理后的新鲜冬虫夏草浸泡于浓度为5~10 mg/mL、体积为20mL的唐古特白刺多糖抑菌剂后罐装，并经杀菌而得的产品。同时，本发明还公开了该产品的制备方法。本发明不但避免了加入化学防腐剂而导致的中毒现象的发生，而且唐古特白刺多糖在起到生物防腐作用的同时，赋予产品一定的生理功效，具有纯天然、绿色、安全的特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及产品保鲜技术领域，尤其涉及以唐古特白刺多糖作为天然抑菌剂的冬虫夏草保鲜产品。
背景技术
冬虫夏草是真菌冬虫夏草Cordyceps sinensis 寄生在蝙蝠蛾科昆虫幼虫上形成的子座及幼虫尸体的一种复合体, 是一种十分珍贵的保健品和药品。化学研究证实，核苷类(虫草素、腺苷等)、甾醇类(麦角甾醇及其衍生物等)、多糖类物质以及甘露醇、氨基酸是冬虫夏草具有重要保健和药理作用的物质基础。现已知冬虫夏草具有免疫调节、抗癌、调节内分泌、抗菌、促进造血、抗病毒和护肝、镇静和抗惊厥作用；此外，还可用于心血管系统、呼吸系统和肾脏等疾病的调节和治疗。冬虫夏草越新鲜质量越高。一般，新鲜虫草经过干燥在真空低温条件下保存，或浸泡在一定浓度乙醇溶液中保存。但经过干燥等处理使得虫草活性成分有一定损失，而浸泡在一定浓度乙醇溶液中乙醇对肝脏损伤有些大。
化学防腐剂价格低廉、防腐效果好而在食品工业中得到了广泛应用。但经长期的研究，发现一些合成防腐剂有诱癌性、致畸性和易引起食物中毒等问题，如苯甲酸盐可能会引起食物中毒现象，亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐可能会生成致癌的亚硝胺。随着人们生活水平的提高，人们对食品安全性的认识和要求也越来越高，传统化学防腐剂的使用受到了挑战。而植物源天然防腐剂具有高效、广谱、安全无毒、性能稳定、且具有一定的营养性和功能性等独特优点，因此近年来天然防腐剂的研究和开发利用成了食品工业的一个特点。
多糖是所有生命有机体的重要组成部分，具有多种生物活性，如抗感染、抗肿瘤、增强免疫、降血糖、抗病毒、抑菌等。唐古特白刺在柴达木盆地总生长面积达150万亩，是西部地区极具开发潜力的资源。现在研究表明唐古特白刺多糖还是较好的天然抑菌剂，在一定浓度下对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等均有抑制作用。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种纯天然、绿色、安全、具有高营养价值的以唐古特白刺多糖作为天然抑菌剂的冬虫夏草保鲜产品。
为解决上述问题，本发明所述的以唐古特白刺多糖作为天然抑菌剂的冬虫夏草保鲜产品，其特征在于：该产品是指每0.4 g~0.8 g的灭菌处理后的新鲜冬虫夏草浸泡于浓度为5~10 mg/mL、体积为20mL的唐古特白刺多糖抑菌剂后罐装，并经杀菌而得的产品。
所述灭菌处理后的新鲜冬虫夏草是指将新鲜冬虫夏草经去泥、筛选、冲洗后先放入体积浓度为75%的酒精液中消毒3~5分钟，然后用无菌水冲洗3~5次，再经无菌纱布擦干后置于无菌室内床架上，在温度为15~20℃条件下吹干表面水迹，于2~8℃冷藏储存于无菌盒内即得。
所述唐古特白刺多糖抑菌剂是按下述方法制得：
⑴将干燥的唐古特白刺用水冲洗后浸泡2~3h，然后破碎至4~8目，得到唐古特白刺粉末；
⑵在所述唐古特白刺粉末中加入其体积10~20倍体积的水后置超声波提取器中进行超声提取，得到提取液；
⑶所述提取液经真空浓缩后得到浓缩液，该浓缩液以其体积3~4倍且体积浓度为90%的乙醇溶液在室温下沉淀2~3 h，然后在40~50℃干燥至恒重，得到粗多糖；
⑷所述粗多糖用去离子水溶解至浓度为6~10 mg/ml后用1mol/L盐酸调节其pH值至3~4，放置过夜，过滤弃去沉淀，得脱蛋白液，该脱蛋白液经大孔吸附树脂除色素得到精制多糖；
⑸所述精制多糖经离子交换层析法和凝胶柱层析法联合使用分离纯化后，即得唐古特白刺多糖组分；
⑹将所述唐古特白刺多糖组分与去离子水混合后配成质量浓度为5~10mg/mL的糖水，然后在所述糖水中按每20mL糖水加入5mg维生素C，经充分溶解后并混合均匀，置于均质机中进行均质，得到均质液，该均质液用消毒纱布过滤后，经巴氏灭菌处理后即得。
所述步骤⑵中超声提取的条件是指温度为70~90℃，超声功率为400~500 W，提取次数为3次，每次0.45~0.5 h。
所述步骤⑶中真空浓缩的条件是指真空度为0.07~0.09MPa、温度为60~80℃。
所述步骤⑷中大孔吸附树脂除色素的条件是指树脂为AB-8，脱蛋白液与树脂体积比为7~10：1。
所述步骤⑸中离子交换层析法分离纯化是指在DEAE-52上进行柱层析分离，将精制多糖从柱子进液口流入，依次采用蒸馏水、0.1M NaCl、0.3M NaCl、0.5M NaCl 洗脱液对精制多糖进行洗脱，流速为 7~8mL/15min，用收集器分部收集。
所述步骤⑸中凝胶柱层析法分离纯化是指在葡聚糖凝胶柱上取洗脱液4mL上柱子，采用超纯水洗脱，流速为 7~8mL/15min。
所述步骤⑹中均质条件是指压强为25~30MPa，温度为40~50℃。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点：
1、本发明将新冬虫夏草保鲜进行深度清洁，完全去除原草表面的泥沙杂质，减少30%以上的无效重量，并进行多重灭菌，使无致病细菌、霉菌、寄生虫(卵)，从而达到安全、卫生的目的。
2、本发明将唐古特白刺多糖和维生素C以一定的配比制作成具有较高营养价值的冬虫夏草保鲜产品，不但避免了加入化学防腐剂而导致的中毒现象的发生，而且唐古特白刺多糖在起到生物防腐作用的同时，赋予产品一定的生理功效，具有纯天然、绿色、安全的特点。
具体实施方式
实施例1 以唐古特白刺多糖作为天然抑菌剂的冬虫夏草保鲜产品，该产品是指每0.4 g的灭菌处理后的新鲜冬虫夏草浸泡于浓度为5 mg/mL、体积为20mL的唐古特白刺多糖抑菌剂后罐装，并经杀菌而得的产品。
其中：
灭菌处理后的新鲜冬虫夏草是指将新鲜冬虫夏草经去泥（把虫草身上带的泥沙刷净，子座部分以及子座和虫体链接处使用小刷子反复来回刷彻底去土去丝囊）、筛选（将品相、规格不同意的虫草进行挑选分类）、冲洗（使用流水冲刷一下去掉微尘）后先放入体积浓度为75%的酒精液中消毒3~5分钟，然后用无菌水冲洗3~5次，再经无菌纱布擦干后置于无菌室内床架上，在温度为15~20℃条件下吹干表面水迹，于2~8℃冷藏储存于无菌盒内即得。
唐古特白刺多糖抑菌剂是按下述方法制得：
⑴将干燥的唐古特白刺用水冲洗后浸泡2~3h，然后破碎至4~8目，得到唐古特白刺粉末。
⑵在唐古特白刺粉末中加入其体积10~20倍体积的水后置超声波提取器中，在温度为70~90℃、超声功率为400~500W、提取次数为3次、每次0.45~0.5 h的条件下进行超声提取，得到提取液。
⑶提取液在真空度为0.07~0.09MPa、温度为60~80℃的条件下经真空浓缩后得到浓缩液，该浓缩液以其体积3~4倍且体积浓度为90%的乙醇溶液在室温下沉淀2~3 h，然后在40~50℃干燥至恒重，得到粗多糖。
⑷粗多糖用去离子水溶解至浓度为6~10 mg/ml后用1mol/L盐酸调节其pH值至3~4，放置过夜，过滤弃去沉淀，得脱蛋白液，该脱蛋白液经大孔吸附树脂除色素得到精制多糖。
其中：大孔吸附树脂除色素的条件是指树脂为AB-8，脱蛋白液与树脂体积比为7~10：1（mL/ mL）。
⑸精制多糖经离子交换层析法和凝胶柱层析法联合使用分离纯化后，即得唐古特白刺多糖组分。
其中：离子交换层析法分离纯化是指在DEAE-52上进行柱层析分离，将精制多糖从柱子进液口流入，依次采用蒸馏水、0.1M NaCl、0.3M NaCl、0.5M NaCl 洗脱液对精制多糖进行洗脱，流速为 7~8mL/15min，用收集器分部收集。
凝胶柱层析法分离纯化是指在葡聚糖凝胶柱上取洗脱液4mL上柱子，采用超纯水洗脱，流速为 7~8mL/15min。
⑹将唐古特白刺多糖组分与去离子水混合后配成质量浓度为5~10mg/mL的糖水，然后在糖水中按每20mL糖水加入5mg维生素C，经充分溶解后并混合均匀，置于均质机中在压强为25~30MPa、温度为40~50℃的条件下进行均质，得到均质液，该均质液用消毒纱布过滤后，经巴氏灭菌处理后即得。
实施例2 以唐古特白刺多糖作为天然抑菌剂的冬虫夏草保鲜产品，该产品是指每0.8 g的灭菌处理后的新鲜冬虫夏草浸泡于浓度为10 mg/mL、体积为20mL的唐古特白刺多糖抑菌剂后罐装，并经杀菌而得的产品。
其中：灭菌处理后的新鲜冬虫夏草、唐古特白刺多糖抑菌剂同实施例1。
实施例3 以唐古特白刺多糖作为天然抑菌剂的冬虫夏草保鲜产品，该产品是指每0.5 g的灭菌处理后的新鲜冬虫夏草浸泡于浓度为6 mg/mL、体积为20mL的唐古特白刺多糖抑菌剂后罐装，并经杀菌而得的产品。
其中：灭菌处理后的新鲜冬虫夏草、唐古特白刺多糖抑菌剂同实施例1。
实施例4 以唐古特白刺多糖作为天然抑菌剂的冬虫夏草保鲜产品，该产品是指每0.6 g的灭菌处理后的新鲜冬虫夏草浸泡于浓度为7 mg/mL、体积为20mL的唐古特白刺多糖抑菌剂后罐装，并经杀菌而得的产品。
其中：灭菌处理后的新鲜冬虫夏草、唐古特白刺多糖抑菌剂同实施例1。
实施例5 以唐古特白刺多糖作为天然抑菌剂的冬虫夏草保鲜产品，该产品是指每0.7 g的灭菌处理后的新鲜冬虫夏草浸泡于浓度为8 mg/mL、体积为20mL的唐古特白刺多糖抑菌剂后罐装，并经杀菌而得的产品。
其中：灭菌处理后的新鲜冬虫夏草、唐古特白刺多糖抑菌剂同实施例1。
实施例6 以唐古特白刺多糖作为天然抑菌剂的冬虫夏草保鲜产品，该产品是指每0.75 g的灭菌处理后的新鲜冬虫夏草浸泡于浓度为9 mg/mL、体积为20mL的唐古特白刺多糖抑菌剂后罐装，并经杀菌而得的产品。
其中：灭菌处理后的新鲜冬虫夏草、唐古特白刺多糖抑菌剂同实施例1。
Claims (9)
1.以唐古特白刺多糖作为天然抑菌剂的冬虫夏草保鲜产品，其特征在于：该产品是指每0.4 g~0.8 g的灭菌处理后的新鲜冬虫夏草浸泡于浓度为5~10 mg/mL、体积为20mL的唐古特白刺多糖抑菌剂后罐装，并经杀菌而得的产品。
2.如权利要求1所述的以唐古特白刺多糖作为天然抑菌剂的冬虫夏草保鲜产品，其特征在于：所述灭菌处理后的新鲜冬虫夏草是指将新鲜冬虫夏草经去泥、筛选、冲洗后先放入体积浓度为75%的酒精液中消毒3~5分钟，然后用无菌水冲洗3~5次，再经无菌纱布擦干后置于无菌室内床架上，在温度为15~20℃条件下吹干表面水迹，于2~8℃冷藏储存于无菌盒内即得。
3.如权利要求1所述的以唐古特白刺多糖作为天然抑菌剂的冬虫夏草保鲜产品，其特征在于：所述唐古特白刺多糖抑菌剂是按下述方法制得：
⑴将干燥的唐古特白刺用水冲洗后浸泡2~3h，然后破碎至4~8目，得到唐古特白刺粉末；
⑵在所述唐古特白刺粉末中加入其体积10~20倍体积的水后置超声波提取器中进行超声提取，得到提取液；
⑶所述提取液经真空浓缩后得到浓缩液，该浓缩液以其体积3~4倍且体积浓度为90%的乙醇溶液在室温下沉淀2~3 h，然后在40~50℃干燥至恒重，得到粗多糖；
⑷所述粗多糖用去离子水溶解至浓度为6~10 mg/ml后用1mol/L盐酸调节其pH值至3~4，放置过夜，过滤弃去沉淀，得脱蛋白液，该脱蛋白液经大孔吸附树脂除色素得到精制多糖；
⑸所述精制多糖经离子交换层析法和凝胶柱层析法联合使用分离纯化后，即得唐古特白刺多糖组分；
⑹将所述唐古特白刺多糖组分与去离子水混合后配成质量浓度为5~10mg/mL的糖水，然后在所述糖水中按每20mL糖水加入5mg维生素C，经充分溶解后并混合均匀，置于均质机中进行均质，得到均质液，该均质液用消毒纱布过滤后，经巴氏灭菌处理后即得。
4.如权利要求3所述的以唐古特白刺多糖作为天然抑菌剂的冬虫夏草保鲜产品，其特征在于：所述步骤⑵中超声提取的条件是指温度为70~90℃，超声功率为400~500 W，提取次数为3次，每次0.45~0.5 h。
5.如权利要求3所述的以唐古特白刺多糖作为天然抑菌剂的冬虫夏草保鲜产品，其特征在于：所述步骤⑶中真空浓缩的条件是指真空度为0.07~0.09MPa、温度为60~80℃。
6.如权利要求3所述的以唐古特白刺多糖作为天然抑菌剂的冬虫夏草保鲜产品，其特征在于：所述步骤⑷中大孔吸附树脂除色素的条件是指树脂为AB-8，脱蛋白液与树脂体积比为7~10：1。
7.如权利要求3所述的以唐古特白刺多糖作为天然抑菌剂的冬虫夏草保鲜产品，其特征在于：所述步骤⑸中离子交换层析法分离纯化是指在DEAE-52上进行柱层析分离，将精制多糖从柱子进液口流入，依次采用蒸馏水、0.1M NaCl、0.3M NaCl、0.5M NaCl 洗脱液对精制多糖进行洗脱，流速为 7~8mL/15min，用收集器分部收集。
8.如权利要求3所述的以唐古特白刺多糖作为天然抑菌剂的冬虫夏草保鲜产品，其特征在于：所述步骤⑸中凝胶柱层析法分离纯化是指取待洗脱样品4mL上葡聚糖凝胶柱，采用超纯水洗脱，流速为 7~8mL/15min。
9.如权利要求3所述的以唐古特白刺多糖作为天然抑菌剂的冬虫夏草保鲜产品，其特征在于：所述步骤⑹中均质条件是指压强为25~30MPa，温度为40~50℃。
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