CN105028106A - Method for planting malus asiatica on saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Method for planting malus asiatica on saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting malus asiatica on saline-alkali soil. The method includes the steps that after preprocessing is conducted on the saline-alkali soil through ardealite, the saline-alkali soil is processed through oil cakes and compost, so that the soil structure of the saline-alkali soil is improved effectively, the soil pH value is lowered, the saline-alkali soil is made to be suitable for growth of the malus asiatica, the malus asiatica is planted on the saline-alkali soil, and in combination with control over all processes and technical parameters in the planting process, the stable and high yield of malus asiatica on the saline-alkali soil is achieved. By means of the method, the salt content and the pH value of the saline-alkali soil can be effectively lowered, the used main raw materials are wide in source, the price is low, the saline-alkali soil processing cost is greatly lowered, the compost and the oil cakes are utilized, and the problems of high cost and environmental pollution caused by stacking of the compost and the oil cakes can be effectively solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the improving technology field in saline land, specifically, relate to a kind of method of planting premium on saline land.
Background technology
Saline land be saline land with alkali ground general name.Solonchak mainly refers to chloride or the higher salinization soil of sulphate, and soil is in alkalescence, but pH value is not necessarily very high.Refer to carbonate containing or heavy phosphatic soil, pH value is higher, and soil is in alkalescence alkali.The content of organic matter in saline land is few, and soil fertility is low, and physicochemical character is poor, and the anions and canons harmful to crop is many, and crop is short seedling not easily.The area in saline land, the whole world is 9.5438 hundred million hectares, and wherein China is 9,913 ten thousand hectares.The formation of China's alkali ground and alkali-affected soil, major part is accumulative relevant with Carbonates In Soil, and thus basicity is general higher, and serious saline land regional plant almost can not be survived.The salinization of soil in soil has been worldwide ecological problem, and the saline Land degree in current global range is obvious ascendant trend, and the salinization of soil in soil has become the important limiting factor of world agriculture sustainable development.For the improvement in saline land, conventional method has: 1, the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, and the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is poured into water in saline land exactly, and soil salt is dissolved, by under being oozed and be discharged in deep soil or drip washing is gone out saline and alkaline for the solubility in topsoil, infiltration drain ditch, side is got rid of; 2, level land, level land under can making uniform moisture and ooze, improve the effect that rainfall is drenched salt and irrigated the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, prevent the salination of soil plaque-like; 3, rake the soil level, the table soil that can loosen of raking the soil level, blocks soil capillary water and carries salinity to earth's surface, play the effect preventing the accumulation of salt in the surface soil in good time; 4, applying organic manure, rational use of chemical fertilizer, fertilizer forms humus through microbial decomposition, conversion, can improve the buffer capacity of soil, and can form sodium humate with sodium carbonate effect, reduces surface soil alkalinity.5, effectively can improve soil with saline land special-purpose soil conditioner " solodization ".
Ardealite is the accessory substance in production process of phosphoric acid, often produce one ton of phosphorus pentoxide by-product, five tons of ardealites, utilization at present for ardealite mainly contains four aspects, 1, phosphoric acid cream is used for backfill pit, fill mine working with ardealite, fill cost and account for 1/5 of mining cost, not only saved filling cost, and improve utilization of three wastes rate, decrease environmental pollution.But, due to factors such as ardealite gelling agent casting resin viscosity is high, sedimentation fast, condensation is fast, many, the easy pluggings of fine grained, difficult cleanings; 2, by the agent of ardealite production Flocculated Cement, the crystal habit of ardealite is identical with the plaster of paris, for prismatic or cylindricality plate crystal, chemical composition and plaster of paris composition basic simlarity, but due to containing solubility phosphorus pentoxide, phosphate, soluble fluoride, insoluble phosphorus pentoxide and organic impurities etc., the hydration time of cement can be extended, reduce early strength and extend setting time, therefore ardealite directly can not be used as the set retarder of cement; 3, by ardealite sulphur ammonium and calcium carbonate, the method utilizes ammonia and carbonic acid gas that ardealite is changed into sulphur ammonium and calcium carbonate, and the quality requirement of the method to ardealite is higher, and production procedure is long, and investment is large; 4, ardealite is used for improve basic soil, containing phosphorus pentoxide in ardealite, cause ardealite aobvious acid, its pH value is 1.5 ~ 4.5, can be used to the alkalescence in sweetening of the soil, and the compositions such as the phosphorus contained in ardealite, iron, magnesium, silicon, zinc, sulphur and the calcium nutritive element that to be plant growth necessary.
Ardealite is utilized and improves saline land, after ardealite is manured into soil, can be the solubility calcium that soil provides sufficient, sodium ion in colloidal complex is replaced out, thus the basicity in reduction soil, promote the formation of soil aggregate, prevent soil epidermis from crusting, reduce the pH value of soil, increase the infiltration capacity of soil.At present, adopting and using separately ardealite to improve saline land method is applied after in saline land by ardealite, carry out leaching process immediately, the method can improve the soil structure in saline land to a certain extent, but it is consuming time longer, general needs two triennium ability Planting Crops, and use ardealite process on slight alkaline land after, the germination rate of crops is still lower and later stage growing way is bad.Someone utilizes ardealite to be mixed with into modifying agent with flyash, humus and high nitrogen fertilizer material etc., and the effect obtained is better than using separately ardealite, but high expensive, and effect is still not good enough.Be soil conditioner of producing of raw material and production and preparation method thereof as the application number application for a patent for invention that is 201210522182.X discloses with ardealite, this modifying agent has ardealite, humus, ferrous sulfate, urea and sulfuric acid to be mixed, and it has improves soil structure, adjustment soil pH, characteristic such as activation soil nutrient elements and supplementary Trace Elements in Soil calcium, sulphur, iron and zinc etc. to a certain extent.But this modifying agent cost is relatively high, lower to the adjustment force of soil pH.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of method of planting premium on saline land, after the method adopts ardealite to carry out pretreatment to saline land, process with oil cake and compost again, thus the soil structure in effective improvement saline land, reduction soil pH, make this saline land be applicable to the growth of premium, thus realize planting premium on saline land.
The present invention realizes above-mentioned technique effect particular by following technical scheme.
Saline land is planted a method for premium, comprises the following steps:
(1) ardealite pretreatment: drying to its moisture by ardealite is after 3 ~ 7%, sends in cracker to pulverize and obtains phosphogypsum powder;
(2) saline land pretreatment: first regulate the moisture in saline land to be 30 ~ 50%, then dig in saline land be deeply 10 ~ 15cm, wide be the ditch of 20 ~ 30cm, ditch distance is 30 ~ 40cm, phosphogypsum powder is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields earthing after in ditch to fill and lead up, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 350 ~ 1000kg/ mu, then carry out rotary tillage process, cover film after 14 ~ 30 days, film is taken away and carries out leaching process;
(3) wholely: even compost and oil cake in the saline land in step (3) after process, the amount of application of compost and oil cake is respectively 800 ~ 1800kg/ mu and 500 ~ 1000kg/ mu, then carries out rotary tillage process;
(4) cuttage seedling: after terminating 15 ~ 30 days wholely, from robust growth, best in quality and Chinese pear-leaved crab apple without damage by disease and insect cuts its peripheral branch as cutting, the length of cutting is 10 ~ 15cm, after cutting is soaked 30 ~ 50min with root-inducing powder, it is carried out cuttage on saline land;
(5) final-period management: a. waters: after the cuttage of premium seedling in 1 month, every day respectively waters a water sooner or later, and the moisture keeping alkaline land soil is in 30 ~ 40%, 1 ~ 3 month, waters a water every 1 ~ 3 day, can water after 3 months; B. weeding: in the first six months of premium seedling cuttage, extracts saline and alkaline earthborn weeds at any time; C. apply fertilizer: seedling cuttage is after 1 month, every strain seedling executes the mixing fertilizer 0.2 ~ 0.5kg of farmyard manure and ash, after 3 months, every strain seedling executes the mixing fertilizer 0.4 ~ 0.6kg of farmyard manure, urea and ash, afterwards, 1 annual ~ March, execute mixing fertilizer 0.8 ~ 1.5kg/ strain of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and farmyard manure; D. prune: Chinese pear-leaved crab apple is trimmed to spindle-like.
The fineness of described phosphogypsum powder is 60 ~ 200 orders.
In described step (2), for slight alkaline land, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 350 ~ 550kg/ mu; For moderate saline-alkali soil, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 550 ~ 1000kg/ mu.
In described step (3), for slight alkaline land, the amount of application of compost and oil cake is respectively 800 ~ 1200kg/ mu and 500 ~ 700kg/ mu; For moderate saline-alkali soil, the amount of application of compost and oil cake is respectively 1200 ~ 1800kg/ mu and 700 ~ 1000kg/ mu.
Described compost is after phosphogypsum powder, fertilizer, flyash and ash being mixed, and stacks process 80 ~ 120 days, in stacking process, within every 3 ~ 5 days, stirs once, obtains compost.
The weight ratio of described phosphogypsum powder, fertilizer, flyash and ash is (10 ~ 20): (80 ~ 100): (10 ~ 15): (8 ~ 16).
The line-spacing of described cutting is 1.7 ~ 2m, and spacing in the rows is 1.8 ~ 2.4m.
In described oil cake containing organic 75 ~ 85%, nitrogen 1.1 ~ 7.0%, phosphorus pentoxide 0.4 ~ 3.0%, potassium oxide 0.9 ~ 2.1%, protein be 1.5 ~ 3.7%, raw fiber 6 ~ 10.7%, calcium 0.8 ~ 11%, choline 0.27 ~ 0.70%, nicotinic acid 0.6 ~ 1.2% and other vitamin substances 1.3 ~ 2.0.
In described step (5), the weight ratio of farmyard manure and ash is 100:(20 ~ 30); The weight ratio of farmyard manure, urea and ash is 100:(10 ~ 20): (10 ~ 20); Urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and farmyard manure (20 ~ 30): (40 ~ 60): 100.
In described step (5), by pruning, control at 2 ~ 3m by the height of tree of Chinese pear-leaved crab apple, hat width is 1.5 ~ 1.8m, and dry upper growth 8 ~ 12 major branches in center, the spacing of major branch is 15 ~ 20cm.
The degree of depth of described rotary tillage is 15 ~ 20cm.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1. the present invention is by first regulating the moisture in saline land, again by after the table in ardealite and saline land soil Homogeneous phase mixing, overlay film moisturizing a period of time, make sodium bicarbonate free in ardealite and soil, sodium carbonate fully reacts, generate calcium bicarbonate, calcium phosphate and sodium sulphate are to reduce surface soil alkalinity, sodium ion in colloidal complex replaces out by calcium ion, sodium-clay is become calcium-clay, reduce P in soil H value, activate soil nutrient elements activity and supplementary Trace Elements in Soil etc., and promote the formation of soil aggregate, prevent soil epidermis from crusting, increase the infiltration capacity of soil, and then carry out leaching process again, moisture can penetrate in soil smoothly, the harmful ions such as the sodium ion in soil are taken away, the content of sodium ion in soil is made to reduce by more than 50%, greatly reduce the salinization of soil degree in saline land.
2. the present invention is by stacking process by the mixing of phosphogypsum powder, fertilizer, ash and flyash, and ardealite reduces CO in composting process
2, CH
4and N
2the discharge capacity of O, effectively raises the fertilizer efficiency of compost, and provides a large amount of microbial cells and abundant nutritive element to saline land.
3. the present invention is by adopting ardealite to after the pretreatment of saline land, compost and oil cake is used again in saline land, the protein contained in oil cake, raw fiber, nicotinic acid and other vitamin substances can make microorganism Fast-propagation, and the vital movement of microorganism can effectively reduce alkaline land soil pH value.Moreover, also containing materials such as a large amount of organic matters in oil cake, occur to act synergistically widely with ardealite, effectively can improve soil, increase fertility, help to increase the space that air and water can be allowed to enter, decompose mineral and produce plant necessary nitrogen, sulphur, potassium and phosphorus.
4. the present invention is by after adopting above-mentioned process to saline land, adopt this saline land to plant premium, utilize premium strong stress resistance, the characteristic such as drought-enduring and barren-resistant, and by premium planting process, the control of parameter in each operation in whole, cuttage and final-period management process and operation, achieve the high and stable yields of premium in moderate saline-alkali soil, reach 3500 ~ 4000kg/ mu.
5. primary raw material ardealite of the present invention, oil cake, fertilizer, flyash etc. are not only cheap, and wide material sources, particularly ardealite and oil cake are used, effectively can solve the stacking of ardealite and oil cake and the Cost Problems brought and problem of environmental pollution.
Test is adopted to verify beneficial effect of the present invention below:
Ardealite used is the ardealite that Xifeng Heavy Calcium Factory, Kailin Group. Guizhou produces, the content of its calcium sulphate dihydrate is 67.8%, the content of total phosphorus pentoxide is 6.1%, the content of solubility phosphorus pentoxide is 0.44%, magnesian content is 0.39%, the content of fluorine ion is 0.31%, and pH value is 3.7.In oil cake used containing organic 81%, nitrogen 4.5%, phosphorus pentoxide 2.3%, potassium oxide 1.9%, protein be 2.7%, raw fiber 6.8%, calcium 3.1%, choline 0.39%, nicotinic acid 0.9% and other vitamin substances 1.6.With the saline land on Bing Jie farm, Haixing County for experimental field, it is 0.40% that its 0 ~ 20cm shows native total salt content, measures its ion component content, and wherein, pH acidometer measures, and EC value conductivity gauge measures; Ca
2+and Mg
2+mensuration adopt EDTA titration; K
+and Na
+measure and adopt flame spectrometry; HCO
3 -and CO
3 2-adopt Dual-indicator neutralization titration; Cl
-mensuration adopt silver nitrate titration method; SO
4 2-mensuration adopt the method for EDTA indirect compleximetric determination.Measurement result is as table 1, and following table result is the mean value of 3 replications.
Table 1 soil ion composition analysis
Wherein, total amount percentage refers to the percentage that anion accounts for total anion total amount, and cation accounts for the percentage of cation total amount.
Test one
Divided into groups this experimental field, the area often organizing experimental field is 300m
2, processing method is as follows:
The different leaching time of table 2 is on the impact of experimental field
As can be seen from the table, leaching again after aluminum coated steel a period of time, not only in the pH value reducing soil to a greater extent, and can significantly can reduce the total salt content of soil.Test shows: after using ardealite, overlay film carries out leaching in 14 days again, the decline of soil pH value and total salt content is the most obvious, and along with the increase of overlay film time, and the amount of the slippage of soil pH value and total salt content and overlay film 14 days leaching does not again have much changes.
Test two:
Divided into groups experimental field, the area often organizing experimental field is 300m
2, processing method is as follows:
Table 3 different phosphate gypsum amount of application is to the improved effect in saline land
As can be seen from the above table, when the amount of application of ardealite is less than 550kg/ mu, its soil pH value and total salt content decline very fast, and the amount of application of ardealite is when being greater than 550kg/ mu, the degree change that soil pH value and total salt content decline is little, therefore, when the amount of application of ardealite is 550 ~ 1000kg/ mu, best results.
Test three
Divided into groups experimental field, the area often organizing experimental field is 300m
2, processing method is as follows:
Table 4 different ratios of raw materials is to the improved effect in saline land
In table 4, some test procedure does not provide in detail, and the test procedure do not provided in detail all adopts method of the present invention to process, and the processing method of experimental group one to experimental group eight is the same.As can be seen from Table 4, use separately ardealite and process saline land, the survival rate of premium cutting is lower, and later stage growing way is bad; The effect executing ardealite and compost treatment is better than executing separately ardealite, but effect is undesirable; Execute that ardealite and oil cake process saline land, effect is than executing the good of ardealite and compost, but still undesirable; Execute ardealite, compost and oil cake to process saline land, effectiveness comparison is desirable.Can be found out by the result of the test of experimental group four to experimental group eight, when compost amount of application is below 1200kg/ mu and oil cake amount of application is below 700kg/ mu, along with the increase of amount of application, the survival rate of premium significantly improves, and after at compost amount of application, that to be more than 1200kg/ mu and oil cake amount of application be is more than 700kg/ mu, the survival rate change of premium is little, and the later stage growing way of premium is all better, therefore determine that the amount of application of compost and oil cake is respectively 1200 ~ 1800kg/ mu and 700 ~ 1000kg/ mu, consumption is many can cause the waste of fertilizer, increases cost.
What illustrate is, several test examples that above-mentioned experiment is only used to verify beneficial effect of the present invention and enumerates, the test done to complete the present invention is far above in this, simultaneously, above-mentioned test just illustrates, does not form any pro forma restriction of the present invention.
Embodiment
Conveniently those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.Embodiment is only illustrating this invention, is not limitation of the invention, and the step not doing in embodiment to illustrate is all prior arts, is not described in detail at this.
Embodiment one
Saline land is planted a method for premium, comprises the following steps:
(1) ardealite pretreatment: drying to its moisture by ardealite is after 3%, sends in cracker and pulverizes, and obtaining fineness is 60 object phosphogypsum powders;
(2) saline land pretreatment: planting site is the saline land on Bing Jie farm, Haixing County, the table soil total salt content that its 0 ~ 20cm is dark is 0.25%, first the moisture in saline land is regulated to be 30%, then digging dark in saline land is 10cm, the wide ditch for 20cm, ditch distance is 30cm, phosphogypsum powder is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields earthing after in ditch to fill and lead up, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 350kg/ mu, then rotary tillage process is carried out, the degree of depth of rotary tillage is 15cm, cover film after 14 days, film is taken away and carries out leaching process;
(3) wholely: even compost and oil cake in the saline land in step (3) after process, the amount of application of compost and oil cake is respectively 800kg/ mu and 500kg/ mu, then carries out rotary tillage process, and the degree of depth of rotary tillage is 15cm;
(4) cuttage seedling: after terminating 15 days wholely, from robust growth, best in quality and Chinese pear-leaved crab apple without damage by disease and insect cuts its peripheral branch as cutting, the length of cutting is 10cm, after cutting is soaked 30min with root-inducing powder, it is carried out cuttage on saline land;
(5) final-period management: a. waters: after the cuttage of premium seedling in 1 month, every day respectively waters a water sooner or later, and the moisture keeping alkaline land soil is in 30%, 1 month, waters a water every 1 day, can water after 3 months; B. weeding: in the first six months of premium seedling cuttage, extracts saline and alkaline earthborn weeds at any time; C. apply fertilizer: seedling cuttage is after 1 month, and every strain seedling executes the fertile 0.2kg of mixing of farmyard manure and ash, and the weight ratio of farmyard manure and ash is 100:20; After 3 months, every strain seedling executes the fertile 0.4kg of mixing of farmyard manure, urea and ash, and the weight ratio of farmyard manure, urea and ash is 100:10:10; Afterwards, in annual January, the fertile 0.8kg/ strain of mixing of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and farmyard manure is executed, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and farmyard manure 20:40:100; D. prune: control at 2m by the height of tree of Chinese pear-leaved crab apple, hat width is 1.5m, dry upper growth 8 major branches in center, the spacing of major branch is 15cm, and Chinese pear-leaved crab apple is trimmed to spindle-like.
Described compost is after phosphogypsum powder, fertilizer, flyash and ash being mixed, stack process 80 days, in stacking process, within every 3 days, stir once, obtain compost, the weight ratio of described phosphogypsum powder, fertilizer, flyash and ash is 10:80:10:8.
Through statistics, adopt the method to plant premium on this saline land, the survival rate of cutting is 97%, and within after cuttage 3 years, can reach high and stable yields, output reaches 4000kg/ mu.
Embodiment two
Saline land is planted a method for premium, comprises the following steps:
(1) ardealite pretreatment: drying to its moisture by ardealite is after 7%, sends in cracker and pulverizes, and obtaining fineness is 200 object phosphogypsum powders;
(2) saline land pretreatment: planting site is the saline land on Bing Jie farm, Haixing County, the table soil total salt content that its 0 ~ 20cm is dark is 0.61%, first the moisture in saline land is regulated to be 50%, then digging dark in saline land is 15cm, the wide ditch for 30cm, ditch distance is 40cm, phosphogypsum powder is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields earthing after in ditch to fill and lead up, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 1000kg/ mu, then rotary tillage process is carried out, the degree of depth of rotary tillage is 20cm, cover film after 30 days, film is taken away and carries out leaching process;
(3) wholely: even compost and oil cake in the saline land in step (3) after process, the amount of application of compost and oil cake is respectively 1800kg/ mu and 1000kg/ mu, then carries out rotary tillage process, and the degree of depth of rotary tillage is 20cm;
(4) cuttage seedling: after terminating 30 days wholely, from robust growth, best in quality and Chinese pear-leaved crab apple without damage by disease and insect cuts its peripheral branch as cutting, the length of cutting is 15cm, after cutting is soaked 50min with root-inducing powder, it is carried out cuttage on saline land;
(5) final-period management: a. waters: after the cuttage of premium seedling in 1 month, every day respectively waters a water sooner or later, and the moisture keeping alkaline land soil is 40%, in 3 months, watered a water every 3 days, can water after 3 months, if chance prolonged drought, can suitably water; B. weeding: in the first six months of premium seedling cuttage, extracts saline and alkaline earthborn weeds at any time; C. apply fertilizer: seedling cuttage is after 1 month, and every strain seedling executes the fertile 0.5kg of mixing of farmyard manure and ash, and the weight ratio of farmyard manure and ash is 100:30; After 3 months, every strain seedling executes the mixing fertilizer 0.4 ~ 0.6kg of farmyard manure, urea and ash, and the weight ratio of farmyard manure, urea and ash is 100:20:20; Afterwards, in annual March, the fertile 1.5kg/ strain of mixing of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and farmyard manure is executed, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and farmyard manure 30:60:100; D. prune: control at 3m by the height of tree of Chinese pear-leaved crab apple, hat width is 1.8m, dry upper growth 12 major branches in center, the spacing of major branch is 20cm, and Chinese pear-leaved crab apple is trimmed to spindle-like.
Described compost is after phosphogypsum powder, fertilizer, flyash and ash being mixed, stack process 120 days, in stacking process, within every 5 days, stir once, obtain compost, the weight ratio of described phosphogypsum powder, fertilizer, flyash and ash is 20:100:15:16.
Through statistics, adopt the method to plant premium on this saline land, the survival rate of cutting is 94%, and within after cuttage 3 years, can reach high and stable yields, output reaches more than 3500kg/ mu.
Embodiment three
Saline land is planted a method for premium, comprises the following steps:
(1) ardealite pretreatment: drying to its moisture by ardealite is after 5%, sends in cracker and pulverizes, and obtaining fineness is 80 object phosphogypsum powders;
(2) saline land pretreatment: planting site is the saline land on Bing Jie farm, Haixing County, the table soil total salt content that its 0 ~ 20cm is dark is 0.43%, first the moisture in saline land is regulated to be 40%, then digging dark in saline land is 12cm, the wide ditch for 25cm, ditch distance is 35cm, phosphogypsum powder is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields earthing after in ditch to fill and lead up, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 550kg/ mu, then rotary tillage process is carried out, the degree of depth of rotary tillage is 18cm, cover film after 20 days, film is taken away and carries out leaching process;
(3) wholely: even compost and oil cake in the saline land in step (3) after process, the amount of application of compost and oil cake is respectively 1200kg/ mu and 700kg/ mu, then carries out rotary tillage process, and the degree of depth of rotary tillage is 18cm;
(4) cuttage seedling: after terminating 20 days wholely, from robust growth, best in quality and Chinese pear-leaved crab apple without damage by disease and insect cuts its peripheral branch as cutting, the length of cutting is 12cm, after cutting is soaked 40min with root-inducing powder, it is carried out cuttage on saline land;
(5) final-period management: a. waters: after the cuttage of premium seedling in 1 month, every day respectively waters a water sooner or later, and the moisture keeping alkaline land soil is 40%, in 2 months, watered a water every 2 days, can water after 3 months, if chance prolonged drought, can suitably water; B. weeding: in the first six months of premium seedling cuttage, extracts saline and alkaline earthborn weeds at any time; C. apply fertilizer: seedling cuttage is after 1 month, and every strain seedling executes the fertile 0.3kg of mixing of farmyard manure and ash, and the weight ratio of farmyard manure and ash is 100:25; After 3 months, every strain seedling executes the fertile 0.5kg of mixing of farmyard manure, urea and ash, and the weight ratio of farmyard manure, urea and ash is 100:15:15; Afterwards, in annual February, the fertile 1.2kg/ strain of mixing of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and farmyard manure is executed, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and farmyard manure 25:50:100; D. prune: control at 2.5m by the height of tree of Chinese pear-leaved crab apple, hat width is 1.6m, dry upper growth 10 major branches in center, the spacing of major branch is 18cm, and Chinese pear-leaved crab apple is trimmed to spindle-like.
Described compost is after phosphogypsum powder, fertilizer, flyash and ash being mixed, stack process 100 days, in stacking process, within every 4 days, stir once, obtain compost, the weight ratio of described phosphogypsum powder, fertilizer, flyash and ash is 15:90:12:12.
Through statistics, adopt the method to plant premium on this saline land, the survival rate of cutting is 96%, and within after cuttage 3 years, can reach high and stable yields, output reaches more than 3800kg/ mu.
The above, it is only better example of the present invention, not any pro forma restriction is done to the present invention, anyly do not depart from technical solution of the present invention content, the any simple modification done above example according to technical spirit of the present invention, coversion material equivalent variations and modification, all still belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. on saline land, plant a method for premium, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) ardealite pretreatment: drying to its moisture by ardealite is after 3 ~ 7%, sends in cracker to pulverize and obtains phosphogypsum powder;
(2) saline land pretreatment: first regulate the moisture in saline land to be 30 ~ 50%, then dig in saline land be deeply 10 ~ 15cm, wide be the ditch of 20 ~ 30cm, ditch distance is 30 ~ 40cm, phosphogypsum powder is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields earthing after in ditch to fill and lead up, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 350 ~ 1000kg/ mu, then carry out rotary tillage process, cover film after 14 ~ 30 days, film is taken away and carries out leaching process;
(3) wholely: even compost and oil cake in the saline land in step (3) after process, the amount of application of compost and oil cake is respectively 800 ~ 1800kg/ mu and 500 ~ 1000kg/ mu, then carries out rotary tillage process;
(4) cuttage seedling: after terminating 15 ~ 30 days wholely, from robust growth, best in quality and Chinese pear-leaved crab apple without damage by disease and insect cuts its peripheral branch as cutting, the length of cutting is 10 ~ 15cm, after cutting is soaked 30 ~ 50min with root-inducing powder, it is carried out cuttage on saline land;
(5) final-period management: a. waters: after the cuttage of premium seedling in 1 month, every day respectively waters a water sooner or later, and the moisture keeping alkaline land soil is in 30 ~ 40%, 1 ~ 3 month, waters a water every 1 ~ 3 day, can water after 3 months; B. weeding: in the first six months of premium seedling cuttage, extracts saline and alkaline earthborn weeds at any time; C. apply fertilizer: seedling cuttage is after 1 month, every strain seedling executes the mixing fertilizer 0.2 ~ 0.5kg of farmyard manure and ash, after 3 months, every strain seedling executes the mixing fertilizer 0.4 ~ 0.6kg of farmyard manure, urea and ash, afterwards, 1 annual ~ March, execute mixing fertilizer 0.8 ~ 1.5kg/ strain of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and farmyard manure; D. prune: Chinese pear-leaved crab apple is trimmed to spindle-like.
2. on saline land, plant the method for premium as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the fineness of described phosphogypsum powder is 60 ~ 200 orders.
3. on saline land, plant the method for premium as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (2), for slight alkaline land, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 350 ~ 550kg/ mu; For moderate saline-alkali soil, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 550 ~ 1000kg/ mu.
4. on saline land, plant the method for premium as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (3), for slight alkaline land, the amount of application of compost and oil cake is respectively 800 ~ 1200kg/ mu and 500 ~ 700kg/ mu; For moderate saline-alkali soil, the amount of application of compost and oil cake is respectively 1200 ~ 1800kg/ mu and 700 ~ 1000kg/ mu.
5. on saline land, plant the method for premium as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described compost is after phosphogypsum powder, fertilizer, flyash and ash being mixed, stack process 80 ~ 120 days, in stacking process, within every 3 ~ 5 days, stir once, obtain compost.
6. on saline land, plant the method for premium as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the weight ratio of described phosphogypsum powder, fertilizer, flyash and ash is (10 ~ 20): (80 ~ 100): (10 ~ 15): (8 ~ 16).
7. on saline land, plant the method for premium as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the line-spacing of described cutting is 1.7 ~ 2m, and spacing in the rows is 1.8 ~ 2.4m.
8. on saline land, plant the method for premium as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (5), the weight ratio of farmyard manure and ash is 100:(20 ~ 30); The weight ratio of farmyard manure, urea and ash is 100:(10 ~ 20): (10 ~ 20); Urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and farmyard manure (20 ~ 30): (40 ~ 60): 100.
9. on saline land, plant the method for premium as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (5), by pruning, control at 2 ~ 3m by the height of tree of Chinese pear-leaved crab apple, hat width is 1.5 ~ 1.8m, dry upper growth 8 ~ 12 major branches in center, the spacing of major branch is 15 ~ 20cm.
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| CN105993577A (en) * | 2016-07-31 | 2016-10-12 | 普定县绿源苗业开发有限公司 | Method for planting malus asiatica in saline-alkali soil |
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