CN113287385A - Method for improving soda saline-alkali soil by forming hydrotalcite-like compound in soil - Google Patents
Method for improving soda saline-alkali soil by forming hydrotalcite-like compound in soil Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving soda saline-alkali soil by forming hydrotalcite-like compound in soil, which is characterized in that a base (hydroxyl) and a base (carbonate) are mineralized in situ to form layered double metal composite hydroxide (LDHs) containing carbonate intercalation through a mineralizer, the structure has extremely high mineralization and extremely low solubility product (Ksp), namely extremely low solubility, so that the hydroxyl and the carbonate are difficult to dissolve out, namely the alkalinity and the salt content in the soda saline-alkali soil are greatly reduced, thereby the low saline-alkali state of the soil can be maintained for a long time, and the formed hydrotalcite-like structure can improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, further improve the emergence rate of the soda saline-alkali soil, increase the plant yield, reduce the deterioration of ecological environment and other problems; the method has strong pertinence and obvious effect, and can be applied in large scale. The method has obvious economic and social benefits by improving the field which can change the insanitary saline-alkali soil of the kohlrabi into the field which can normally plant plants.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the field of saline-alkali soil improvement, in particular to a method for improving a soda saline-alkali soil by forming hydrotalcite-like compound in the soil.
Background art:
soda saline-alkali soil with a large area contains a large amount of soluble carbonate, so that the problems of high soil alkalization degree, hardening, reduced porosity, poor permeability, low content of soil nutrients and organic matters and the like occur, plants cannot normally emerge, the quality and the yield of crops are reduced, and the soda saline-alkali soil becomes an important factor for hindering the development of agricultural economy. Due to the fact that the concentration of soluble salt in soil is too high and the alkalinity is too high, root systems of crops cannot effectively absorb water and nutrients in the soil, the symptoms of element deficiency appear, the symptoms are shown as weak growth, yellowing, wilting, weak root systems and the like, and the root systems die when serious, and the whole plants die. Meanwhile, normal respiration of plants is affected, and immunity is reduced. Moreover, the salinization of the soil can cause the phenomena of land desertification and land degeneration, and has serious restriction effect on the aspects of soil quality, comprehensive utilization of the land, ecological environment protection and the like.
The common saline-alkali soil improvement method at present is to improve saline-alkali soil by using a soil remediation agent prepared from more than three minerals, fertilizers and chemicals.
Chinese patent CN112779020A discloses a method for restoring saline-alkali soil. Mixing humic acid, sepiolite, sodium lignosulphonate, wood vinegar and boric acid according to a weight ratio to obtain a mixture; adding the composite microbial inoculum into the mixture for mixing to obtain an acidic soil remediation agent; the soil remediation agent is added into the saline-alkali soil to be treated, mixed and then maintained. The method repairs the saline-alkali soil by adopting the soil repairing agent containing humic acid, sepiolite, sodium lignosulphonate, pyroligneous liquor, boric acid and composite microbial inoculum, can reduce the alkalization degree and the salt content of the soil, and improve the organic matter content of the soil.
Chinese patent CN112759491A discloses a preparation method of a saline-alkali soil conditioner. The method comprises the steps of mixing phosphate rock powder, high-grade potassium feldspar powder, cotton straws, cotton straw ash and furfural residues, heating by microwaves, adding a fermentation strain microbial agent for assisting subsequent fermentation and decomposition, fermenting and decomposing, taking fermented materials after decomposition, stirring in a stirring kettle, adding a water-retaining agent, bagging and packaging, and processing to prepare the conditioner. After the conditioner is applied to saline-alkali soil, the exchangeable Na of the soil is reduced through ion exchange effect and chemical effect+Saturation and salinity; can improve the properties of crop soilSuch as soil salinization and the like.
Chinese patent CN112724985A discloses a soda saline-alkali soil conditioner, a preparation method and a use method thereof. The method adopts slow-release calcium source substance with high calcium ion content to continuously replace harmful exchangeable sodium ions in the alkalified soil for many years. The soda saline-alkali soil conditioner is prepared from phosphogypsum, a compound fertilizer, decomposed sheep manure, a silicon fertilizer, a zinc fertilizer and a boron fertilizer. Before field soaking in spring, the soda saline-alkali soil conditioner is uniformly scattered on the surface of a paddy field, rotary tillage is carried out, field soaking drainage is carried out for salt leaching and dealkalization, water is discharged for salt leaching and dealkalization again, a rotary cultivator is used for raking land, sedimentation is leveled, water is drained, and then rice transplanting can be carried out, field management after rice transplanting is carried out according to a local conventional method until rice is harvested. The method reduces alkalization degree of soda saline-alkali soil, and improves rice emergence rate.
The technology of the invention has certain effect on the improvement of saline-alkali soil. But the types and the dosage of the used minerals, fertilizers and chemicals are more, and the improvement cost is higher; the improvement principle mostly utilizes acidic substances to neutralize the alkalinity of soil, and a small part of the soil needs to be applied with a large amount of slow-release calcium source substances to replace sodium ions. The improvement principle does not reduce the content of carbonate radical fundamentally, and has no pertinence to soda saline-alkali soil; and the method is combined with physical methods such as a field soaking experiment and the like, so that a large amount of manpower and material resources are consumed, and the consumed time is long.
The invention aims to provide an improvement method for soda saline-alkali soil, which can change the dissolution degree of carbonate in soil from a water-soluble state to a water-insoluble state to fundamentally reduce the content of soluble soda salt in the soil, thereby achieving the effect of reducing the alkalinity of the soil for a long time.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a method for improving soda saline-alkali soil by forming hydrotalcite-like compound in soil, aiming at the defects of the existing soda saline-alkali soil improvement method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for improving soda saline-alkali soil by forming hydrotalcite-like compounds in soil, which comprises the following steps:
A. uniformly spreading anti-hardening agent on the saline-alkali soil when the highest temperature of the environment reaches more than 20 ℃ in 5-6 months, wherein the spreading quality per mu is controlled to be 50-130 kg, and the preferable spreading amount is controlled to be 90-110 kg per mu; and deeply ploughing and leveling the land, wherein the depth of the deeply ploughed land is controlled to be 25-45 cm.
The anti-caking agent is any one or two of urea, polyacrylamide, ammonium oxalate and sodium polyacrylate; the polyacrylamide and the urea are preferably a mixture of 3-4: 1 in mass ratio.
B. Applying 35-95 kg of divalent metal salt per mu to the soil treated in the step A, preferably 75-85 kg per mu; the preferred divalent metal salt is calcium chloride, which acts to neutralize a portion of the alkalinity and provide divalent metal cations for the formation of the binary hydrotalcite-like compound.
C. Applying the trivalent metal salt to the soil treated in the step B according to 20-70 kg per mu of land, preferably 40-60 kg per mu; the preferred trivalent metal salt is ferric chloride, which has the function of neutralizing a part of alkalinity and providing trivalent metal cations for forming binary hydrotalcite-like compound, and the divalent metal cations in the step B and the alkaline soda saline-alkali soil environment in the stronger alkalinity can mineralize bases (hydroxide) and bases (carbonate) in situ to form carbonate intercalated layered double metal composite hydroxides (LDHs).
D. C, sowing the solid humic acid into the soil treated in the step C, wherein the mass of the solid humic acid per mu of the soil is 30-60 kg, preferably 40-45 kg per mu; measuring the pH content of the soil every other month; when the pH of the soil is lower than 8.5, the improvement can be completed and normal cultivation can be carried out. The experimental result shows that the time for forming the hydrotalcite needs 3-4 months.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: base (hydroxyl) and salt (carbonate) are mineralized in situ to form carbonate intercalation layered double-metal composite hydroxide (LDHs) by a mineralizer, the structure has extremely high mineralization and extremely low solubility product (Ksp), namely extremely low solubility, so that the hydroxyl and the carbonate are very difficult to dissolve out, namely the alkalinity and the salt content in the soda salt saline-alkali soil are greatly reduced, and the low saline-alkali state of the soil can be maintained for a long time, namely the soil has long-acting property. The method has obvious economic and social benefits by improving the field which can change the insanitary saline-alkali soil of the kohlrabi into the field which can normally plant plants.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a graph of pH as a function of time for the salt of example 1 modified with alkali.
FIG. 2 is a graph of pH as a function of time for the salt of example 2 modified with base.
FIG. 3 is a graph of pH as a function of time for the salt of example 3 modified with base.
Detailed Description
Example 1
In the embodiment, the chemical improvement is carried out on the saline-alkali soil of the Douglas fir left wing in Tongliaoning city of inner Mongolia autonomous region, the pH value of the saline-alkali soil is 10.1, the carbonate content is 20.1g/kg, and the saline-alkali soil is soda saline-alkali soil. The improvement time begins at the beginning of 6 months, and the specific steps are as follows:
A. uniformly spreading a mixture of polyacrylamide and urea on the saline-alkali soil, wherein the mass ratio of the polyacrylamide to the urea is 4: 1; the mass of the powder is 100kg per mu. And deep ploughing and leveling, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 30 cm.
B. Applying solid calcium chloride to the soil treated in the step A, wherein the applied mass per mu is 80 kg.
C. And C, applying solid ferric chloride to the soil treated in the step B, wherein the mass of the applied solid ferric chloride per mu is 50 kg.
D. C, sowing the solid humic acid into the soil treated in the step C, wherein the mass of the solid humic acid is 40kg per mu, measuring the pH value of the soil every 1 month in the subsequent 4 months, and obtaining a result shown in figure 1, wherein the pH value is lower than 8.5 after 2 months, and normal cultivation can be carried out.
Example 2
Time and place of improvement same as example 1
A. Uniformly spreading a mixture of polyacrylamide and urea on the saline-alkali soil, wherein the mass ratio of the polyacrylamide to the urea is 4: 1; the mass of the powder to be spread per mu is controlled to be 100 kg. And deep ploughing and leveling, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 30 cm.
B. Applying solid calcium chloride to the soil treated in the step (B), and controlling the mass of the applied solid calcium chloride per mu of land to be 60 kg.
C. Applying solid ferric chloride to the soil treated in the step (C), and controlling the mass of the applied solid ferric chloride per mu of land to be 37.5 kg.
D. And (D) sowing the solid humic acid into the soil treated in the step (D). The mass of the fertilizer is controlled to be 40kg per mu. The pH value of the soil is measured every 1 month, the result is shown in figure 2, and the pH value is lower than 8.5 after 4 months, and normal cultivation can be carried out.
Example 3
Time and place of improvement same as example 1
A. Uniformly spreading a mixture of polyacrylamide and urea on the saline-alkali soil, wherein the mass ratio of the polyacrylamide to the urea is 4: 1; the mass of the powder to be spread per mu is controlled to be 100 kg. And deep ploughing and leveling, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 30 cm.
B. Applying solid calcium sulfate to the soil treated in the step (B), and controlling the mass of the applied solid calcium chloride per mu of land to be 40 kg.
C. And (C) applying solid ferric sulfate to the soil treated in the step (C), and controlling the mass of the applied solid ferric chloride per mu of land to be 25 kg.
D. And (D) sowing the solid humic acid into the soil treated in the step (D). The mass of the fertilizer is controlled to be 40kg per mu. The pH value of the soil is measured every 1 month, the result is shown in figure 3, and the pH value is lower than 8.5 after 4 months, and normal cultivation can be carried out.
Improved effect verification
In order to verify the improvement effect, the method cultivates the leaf-eating grass simultaneously on the land improved by the 3 examples for 4 months and the untreated saline-alkali land in the same place, counts the yield of the leaf-eating grass after three months of planting, and determines the pH value and the carbonate content of 4 soil samples according to the same sampling conditions and testing methods. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1, the soil of examples 1, 2 and 3 all had a significant reduction in carbonate content, indicating that carbonate has been fixed during mineralization, which also corresponds to a reduction in pH. And the yield of the acre of the leaf-eating grass is also obviously increased.
Claims (5)
1. A method for improving soda saline-alkali soil by forming hydrotalcite-like compound in soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. uniformly spreading anti-hardening agent on the saline-alkali soil when the highest temperature of the environment reaches more than 20 ℃ in 5-6 months, controlling the spreading quality to be 50-130 kg per mu, deeply ploughing and leveling the soil, and controlling the depth of the deeply ploughed soil to be 25-45 cm;
the anti-caking agent is any one or two of urea, polyacrylamide, ammonium oxalate and sodium polyacrylate;
B. b, applying the divalent metal salt to the soil treated in the step A according to 35-95 kg per mu of land;
C. applying trivalent metal salt to the soil treated in the step B according to the amount of 20-70 kg per mu of land;
D. and D, sowing the solid humic acid into the soil treated in the step C, wherein the mass of the solid humic acid per mu of the soil is 30-60 kg.
2. The method for improving the soda saline-alkali soil by forming the hydrotalcite-like compound in the soil according to claim 1, wherein the spreading weight of the anti-sheeting agent in the step A is 90-110 kg; the plate resistance agent is a mixture of polyacrylamide and urea in a mass ratio of 3-4: 1.
3. The method for improving soda saline-alkali soil through hydrotalcite-like compound formation in soil according to claim 1, wherein the divalent metal salt in step B is calcium chloride and is applied in an amount of 75-85 kg per mu of land.
4. The method for improving soda saline-alkali soil through hydrotalcite-like compound formation in soil according to claim 1, wherein the trivalent metal salt in step C is ferric chloride and is applied in an amount of 40-60 kg per mu of land.
5. The method for improving soda saline-alkali soil through hydrotalcite-like compound formation in soil according to claim 1, wherein the solid humic acid is spread in the amount of 40-45 kg per mu in step D.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN114836220A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-08-02 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Special soil conditioner for soda saline-alkali rice field and preparation method thereof |
| CN115336444A (en) * | 2022-08-05 | 2022-11-15 | 石河子大学 | Method for improving soil by using leaf eating grass in saline-alkali soil in arid area |
| CN115448806A (en) * | 2022-10-26 | 2022-12-09 | 赤峰市农牧科学研究所 | Organic fertilizer for improving soil quality and improving crop quality |
| CN115709213A (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2023-02-24 | 北京化工大学 | Method for forming hydrotalcite-like compound through attapulgite water and fertilizer retention coupling hyperstable mineralization to reconstruct soil in coal gangue slag hill |
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| CN115709213A (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2023-02-24 | 北京化工大学 | Method for forming hydrotalcite-like compound through attapulgite water and fertilizer retention coupling hyperstable mineralization to reconstruct soil in coal gangue slag hill |
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