CN105027913A - Sedum aizoon and potato interplanting method used in saline alkali soil - Google Patents
Sedum aizoon and potato interplanting method used in saline alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN105027913A CN105027913A CN201510438539.XA CN201510438539A CN105027913A CN 105027913 A CN105027913 A CN 105027913A CN 201510438539 A CN201510438539 A CN 201510438539A CN 105027913 A CN105027913 A CN 105027913A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a sedum aizoon and potato interplanting method used in saline alkali soil. The sedum aizoon and potato interplanting method includes the steps of potato planting, sedum aizoon seedling culturing and sedum aizoon and potato interplanting, wherein wide-line ridge culturing is adopted for potatoes, the line spacing is 85 cm, and the row spacing is 20 cm; two rows of sedum aizoon are planted between the two ridges of the potatoes, the line spacing of the sedum aizoon is 25 cm, the hill spacing is 15 cm, 2 to 3 strains of sedum aizoon are planted in each hill, and the distance between the potatoes and the sedum aizoon is 30 cm. The sedum aizoon and potato interplanting method has the advantages that the survival rate of the sedum aizoon is 99.5%, the annual output of the sedum aizoon reaches 7500 kilograms per mu, the survival rate of the potatoes is 91.7%, and the annual output of the potatoes is 2360 kilograms per mu; the soil is improved effectively, after the sedum aizoon is planted for one year, the pH value of the soil is 6.8, the soil salt content is 0.13%, the total soil pore space rate is 54%, the soil bulk density is 0.96 g/cm<3>, and the effective nitrogen content in the soil is 40 mg/kg.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates in a kind of saline land and take kind method between dish and potato, belong to saline land biological modification technical field.
Background technology
Saline land is huge potential resource, and developing saline land is bring more land under cultivation, one of important measures further developing agricultural production.About there are 1,500,000,000 mu of various saline soil in China, accounts for 26.3% of world's saline soil area, and strand and saline land, hinterland area are comparatively large, and most of saline land is in state to be developed all always.
In saline land, plant saline alkali tolerant plant, be administer the effective method in saline land, but the availability in saline land is low, and the economic benefit of planting plants is not remarkable, and the improvement cycle is long, limits the development of saline land biological modification technology.
Take dish, Crassulaceae Sedum herbaceos perennial, resistance to slightly saline and alkaline, tolerant soil salt content is 1.0%, and the soil pH value of tolerance is 8.2, and root-like stock is short, thick stem Gao Keda 50 centimetres, uprightly.Leaf alternate, leaf is solid, nearly keratin.Cyme is spent more, sepal meat, and petal is yellow, style jumping chisel shape.Seed is oval, the flowering fruit bearing stage 6-9 month.Expense dish contains the drug ingedients such as alkaloid, oleanolic acid, sitosterol, flavonoids, sedoheptose, fructose and vitamin.These drug ingedients are by preventing vascular sclerosis, reducing blood lipid, expansion of cerebral vascular, improve the approach such as coronary artery circulation, reach hypotensive, anti-stroke, anti-cardiopathy (as coronary heart disease, paroxysmal heartbeat overrun, arrhythmia cordis, rheumatic heart disease etc.) effect.
Potato, not Salt And Alkali Tolerance, in worldwide, cultivated area is wide, and 2010, the world wide production of potato reached 300,000,000 2,418 ten thousand 1889 tons, and the People's Republic of China (PRC) is the first in the world output big country, nearly 75,000,000 tons.Potato tubers contains a large amount of starch, starch is the main energy sources of food potato, general early maturing variety potato contains the starch of 11% ~ 14%, middle lately ripening variety contains the starch of 14% ~ 20%, the stem tuber of high starch varieties can reach more than 25%, stem tuber is also containing glucose, fructose and sucrose etc., and potato protein is of high nutritive value.Potato tubers contains the protein of about 2%, and during potato is dry, protein content is 8% ~ 9%.
The local branches and leaves of potato are shorter and smaller, and the with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion phase is shorter, cause potato ground resource within 2/3 breeding time not make full use of, cause the wasting of resources; The potato aerial shoot foliage cover arable land time is short in addition, ground moisture evaporation is easily caused to increase, soil drought degree increases the weight of, and is unfavorable for the growth of crop, and potato growth is more with the rear vacant sunlight-heat reaources of results for early stage in addition, therefore, sunlight-heat reaources vacant after how making full use of potato growth early stage and results, and potato is sheltered from heat or light, reduce evaporation from topsoil, realizing utilization and the saving of photo-thermal liquid manure resource, is urgent problem in potato planting.
In existing saline land, plantation takes the technology of dish and potato, has the following disadvantages:
(1) tolerate the moderate saline-alkali soil plantation expense dish of saline and alkaline degree higher than Fei Caineng, it is low to take dish survival rate, yields poorly;
(2) potato not Salt And Alkali Tolerance, almost cannot survive in moderate saline-alkali soil;
(3) report at saline land among expense dish and potato is had no in prior art.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is the deficiency solving prior art existence, provides in a kind of saline land and takes kind method between dish and potato, to realize following goal of the invention:
(1) adopt in saline land of the present invention and take kind method between dish and potato, improve survival rate, the output of taking dish; Improve the content of alkaloid, oleanolic acid, sitosterol.
(2) adopt in saline land of the present invention and take kind method between dish and potato, significantly improve the content of the survival rate of potato, output and nutriment.
(3) adopt in saline land of the present invention and take kind method between dish and potato, reduce carbonate content in alkaline land soil, reduce soil pH, improve porosity of soil and specific retention, the reduction bulk density of soil, increase Soil Microorganism quantity, improve soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content.
for solving the problems of the technologies described above, by the following technical solutions:
Take a kind method between dish and potato in saline land, comprise plantation potato, take the nursery of dish, plant between expense dish and potato.
Below the further improvement to technique scheme:
Described plantation potato, potato takes wide row ridge culture, and line space is 85cm, and spacing in the rows is 20cm.
Described wide row ridge culture, row spacing 25cm, ridge height 15cm, ridge is planted 1 row potato.
Plant between described expense dish and potato, between two ridge potatos, plant two row expense dishes, expense dish line-spacing is 25cm, and cave is apart from 15cm, and the 2-3 strain of every cave, between potato and expense dish, the distance of line-spacing is 30cm.
The described nursery taking dish, clip 8-15cm branch, removes radical leaves, and in matrix, the cuttage degree of depth is 3-5cm, and water permeable, control temperature is at 20-30 DEG C.
Described matrix, quality group becomes: yellow sand 5 parts, humus soil 4 parts, 4 parts, laterite, fulvic acid 6 parts, sand slabstone 5 parts, calcium-base bentonite 2 parts, acrylic acid/acrylamide copolymerization water-loss reducer 0.6 part.
The described nursery taking dish, when height of seedling grows to 7-8cm, when rooting rate reaches 98.4%, transplants.
Method is planted between described, also comprise and prepare base manure, described base manure, the mass ratio of each raw material components is: straw decomposing thing 30 parts, maleic anhydride 35 parts, citric acid 12 parts, 13 parts, nitric acid phosphorus, biochemical fulvic acid 12 parts, humic acid 10 parts, chelated iron 2 parts, chelated zinc 1 part, 14 parts, ammonium sulfate, urea phosphate 14 parts, urease inhibitor 5 parts, zinc chloride 3 parts, shitosan 8 parts.
Describedly prepare base manure, comprise preparation straw decomposition agent, described straw decomposition agent, the mass ratio of each raw material components is: composite bacteria agent capable 6 parts, 15 parts, lotus seeds, lotus pollen 20 parts, Scenedesmus arcuatus 28 parts.
adopt above technical scheme, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) adopt in saline land of the present invention and take kind method between dish and potato, expense dish survival rate is 99.5%, the annual production of expense dish reaches 7500 kgs/acre, and in expense dish, alkaloid is 1.55mg/ kilogram of fresh vegetable, and in expense dish, medicinal ingredient oleanolic acid, sitosterol improve 9.4%, 8.6% respectively.
(2) adopt in saline land of the present invention and take kind method between dish and potato, the survival rate of potato is 91.7%, the annual production of potato is 2360 kgs/acre, in potato, protein and dietary fiber content also significantly improve, when water content is 79.8g/100g, protein content is 2.6g/100g, and dietary fiber content is 0.98g/100g.
(3) adopt in saline land of the present invention and take kind method between dish and potato, good improved effect is had to saline land, plantation took dish after 1 year, the soluble salt composition middle soda content of 100 grams of soil is in 0.15 milliequivalent, soil pH is 6.8, in soil, salt content is 0.13%, and soil total gap rate is 54%, and the bulk density of soil is 0.96g/cm
3, Soil Microorganism adds up to 210 × 10
4/ g dry ground, soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is 40mg/kg, and the specific retention of soil improves 58%.
Embodiment
Below the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described, should be appreciated that preferred embodiment described herein is only for instruction and explanation of the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
embodiment takes kind method between dish and potato in 1 one kinds of saline lands
one, the type in saline land
Severe carbonate type saline land in genus, the soluble salt composition middle soda content of 100 grams of soil is in 0.55-0.62 milliequivalent, and soil pH is 8.8, and in soil, salt content is 1.4-1.5%, and soil total gap rate is 18%, and the bulk density of soil is 1.5g/cm
3, Soil Microorganism adds up to 20 × 10
4/ g dry ground, soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is 8mg/kg.
two, base manure is prepared
described base manure, the mass ratio of each raw material components is:
Straw decomposing thing 30 parts, maleic anhydride 35 parts, citric acid 12 parts, 13 parts, nitric acid phosphorus, biochemical fulvic acid 12 parts, humic acid 10 parts, chelated iron 2 parts, chelated zinc 1 part, 14 parts, ammonium sulfate, urea phosphate 14 parts, urease inhibitor 5 parts, zinc chloride 3 parts, shitosan 8 parts.
described base manure, preparation method is:
step 1, preparation straw decomposition agent
(1) described straw decomposition agent, the mass ratio of each raw material components is:
Composite bacteria agent capable 6 parts, 15 parts, lotus seeds, lotus pollen 20 parts, Scenedesmus arcuatus 28 parts.
Described composite bacteria agent capable, for liquid bacteria suspension, comprise salt tolerant capsula Rhodopseudomonas, lactobacillus, roost rose of Sharon pseudomonad, streptomyces microaureus, bacillus megaterium, wherein the concentration of salt tolerant capsula Rhodopseudomonas is 400,000,000 cfu/ml, the concentration of lactobacillus is 200,000,000 cfu/ml, the concentration of roost rose of Sharon pseudomonad is 100,000,000 cfu/ml, and the concentration of streptomyces microaureus is 200,000,000 cfu/ml, and the concentration of bacillus megaterium is 300,000,000 cfu/ml.
Described salt tolerant capsula Rhodopseudomonas (
rhodopseudomonascapsulata), culture presevation number is CCTCCM204090; Lactobacillus (
sporolactobacilluslaevolacticus), culture presevation number is ACCC03229; Roost rose of Sharon pseudomonad (
pseudomonashibiscicola), culture presevation number is ACCC02796; Streptomyces microaureus (
streptomycesmicroaureus), culture presevation number is ACCC40060; Bacillus megaterium (
bacillusmegaterium), culture presevation number is ACCC01509.
(2) described straw decomposition agent, preparation method is:
A, prepare composite bacteria agent capable
By salt tolerant capsula Rhodopseudomonas, lactobacillus, roost rose of Sharon pseudomonad, streptomyces microaureus, each bacterial classification of bacillus megaterium, carry out expansion respectively to cultivate, then mix, prepare composite bacteria agent capable bacteria suspension, wherein the concentration of salt tolerant capsula Rhodopseudomonas is 400,000,000 cfu/ml, and the concentration of lactobacillus is 200,000,000 cfu/ml, and the concentration of roost rose of Sharon pseudomonad is 100,000,000 cfu/ml, the concentration of streptomyces microaureus is 200,000,000 cfu/ml, and the concentration of bacillus megaterium is 300,000,000 cfu/ml.
B, pulverizing
Lotus seeds, lotus pollen, Scenedesmus arcuatus being pulverized, is 250 μm to particle size.
C, sprinkling composite bacteria agent capable
The composite bacteria agent capable bacteria suspension prepared by step a, is evenly sprayed on the product of step b, mixes, obtained straw decomposition agent.
step 2, prepare straw decomposing thing
By the flax of drying, cotton stalk (mass ratio is 1:2), be crushed to 2-3mm particle with special-purpose machinery, regulate C/N ratio to 30:1; Regulate stalk water content to reach 65%, evenly add straw decomposition agent according to 0.55% of stalk weight; Covered with plastic film insulation, moisturizing, pile fermentation is carried out under 30 DEG C ~ 40 DEG C conditions, period suitably breathes freely, moisturizing and stirring, until pile rotten thing color to become pitchy, slightly musty, odorless, pile rotten material in loose granular structure, pH is 4.8-5.3, namely become thoroughly decomposed complete, obtained straw decomposing thing.
step 3, mixing
By straw decomposing thing, maleic anhydride, nitric acid phosphorus, biochemical fulvic acid, humic acid, chelated iron, chelated zinc, ammonium sulfate, urea phosphate, urease inhibitor, zinc chloride, mix.
step 4, obtained base manure
In the mixture of step 3, add citric acid, shitosan, obtained base manure.
three, wholely, basal dressing
The growing area selected in saline land, basal dressing, the consumption of base manure is 250kg/ mu, and then deep plough once to soil, tilling depth is 30cm, and 15 ~ 30 days before planting arrange soil.
four, plantation takes dish and potato
(1) potato is planted
Potato selects the precocious type Potato Cultivars that bolting is late, warm tolerance is strong, plant type is upright, branch is few, plant height is shorter, sowing time is late March, potato takes wide row ridge culture, line space is 85cm, row spacing 25cm, ridge height 15cm, ridge is planted 1 row potato, the spacing in the rows of potato is 20cm, employing ridge is opened shallow ridges pendulum and broadcasts, ditch depth 7cm, potato seed is put in ditch, upwards, after planting earthing leveling face, ridge, with plastic mulching for potato bud, after seedling grows, timely rupture of membranes puts seedling, during 2-3 sheet leaf, timely thinning is filled the gaps with seedlings, and every cave retains 1 strain.
(2) nursery of dish is taken
Clip 8-15cm branch, remove radical leaves, in matrix, the cuttage degree of depth is 3-5cm, and water permeable, control temperature is at 20-30 DEG C, the quality group of the matrix of cuttage becomes: yellow sand 5 parts, humus soil 4 parts, 4 parts, laterite, fulvic acid 6 parts, sand slabstone 5 parts, calcium-base bentonite 2 parts, acrylic acid/acrylamide copolymerization water-loss reducer 0.6 part, water permeable, 20-30 days, when height of seedling grows to 7-8cm, when rooting rate reaches 98.4%, transplant.
(3) take between dish and potato and plant
Mid-April, between two ridge potatos, plant two row expense dishes, expense dish line-spacing is 25cm, and cave is apart from 15cm, and the 2-3 strain of every cave, the distance between potato and expense dish is 30cm.
(4) manage
Potato is expanded the initial stage at stem tuber, nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer when noting chasing after, and potato raw grows to squaring period and tuber initiation stage, notes preventing cauline leaf over growth, and carries out irrigation and extermination of disease and insect pest work, and potato is in gathering in the crops October in autumn then.
In the vegetative period taking dish, when slightly wilting appears in blade, irrigate, the irrigation of expense dish all adopts the method for artificial spray, each irrigation is with by ground 10-15cm plow layer, for the irrigation water taking dish, GB-5084-85 " agricultural irrigation water quality standard " secondary standard must be reached, and annual detection once.
Can gather when taking dish spray and growing to thick about the 0.6cm of 20cm, stem, gather and select lower finished product with overhead 1cm place, often gather once, execute urea 5kg in conjunction with watering every mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2kg, and often keep ground moistening, can gather every year 7 times.
comparative examples 1:
Adopt implantation methods described in embodiment 1, only change " four, plantation take dish and potato " step, changing part is: only plantation expense dish, and the planting density of expense dish is, line-spacing 25cm, cave distance 15cm, the 2-3 strain of every cave.
comparative examples 2:
Adopt the implantation methods described in embodiment 1, only change " four, plantation take dish and potato " step, changing part is: only plant potato, the planting density of potato is: potato takes normal ridge culture, line space is 40cm, row spacing 25cm, ridge height 15cm, ridge is planted 1 row potato, the spacing in the rows of potato is 20cm.
result:
(1) adopt kind method between expense dish of the present invention and potato, expense dish survival rate is 99.5%, and the annual production of expense dish reaches 7500 kgs/acre, and in expense dish, alkaloid is 1.55mg/ kilogram of fresh vegetable, and comparatively comparative examples 1 improves 15%; Expense dish in medicinal ingredient oleanolic acid, sitosterol respectively comparatively comparative examples 1 improve 9.4%, 8.6%.
Adopt kind method between expense dish of the present invention and potato, the survival rate of potato is 91.7%, the annual production of potato is 2360 kgs/acre, in potato, protein and dietary fiber content also significantly improve, when water content is 79.8g/100g, protein content is 2.6g/100g, and dietary fiber content is 0.98g/100g, improves 11.4%, 12.5% respectively than comparative examples 2.
Comparative examples 1: expense dish survival rate is 90.1%, the annual production of expense dish is 6500 kgs/acre.
Comparative examples 2: the survival rate of potato is only 20.4%, the annual production of potato is 400 kgs/acre.
(2) the present invention takes dish and potato at saline land among, good improved effect is had to saline land, plantation took dish after 1 year, the soluble salt composition middle soda content of 100 grams of soil is in 0.15 milliequivalent, soil pH is 6.8, in soil, salt content is 0.13%, and soil total gap rate is 54%, and the bulk density of soil is 0.96g/cm
3, Soil Microorganism adds up to 210 × 10
4/ g dry ground, soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is 40mg/kg, and the specific retention of soil improves 58%.
Last it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. take a kind method between dish and potato in saline land, it is characterized in that: comprise plantation potato, take the nursery of dish, plant between expense dish and potato.
2. take kind method between dish and potato in a kind of saline land according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described plantation potato, potato takes wide row ridge culture, and line space is 85cm, and spacing in the rows is 20cm.
3. take kind method between dish and potato in a kind of saline land according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described wide row ridge culture, row spacing 25cm, ridge height 15cm, ridge is planted 1 row potato.
4. take kind method between dish and potato in a kind of saline land according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: plant between described expense dish and potato, between two ridge potatos, plant two row expense dishes, expense dish line-spacing is 25cm, cave is apart from 15cm, and the 2-3 strain of every cave, between potato and expense dish, the distance of line-spacing is 30cm.
5. take kind method between dish and potato in a kind of saline land according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the nursery of described expense dish, clip 8-15cm branch, remove radical leaves, in matrix, the cuttage degree of depth is 3-5cm, and water permeable, control temperature is at 20-30 DEG C.
6. take kind method between dish and potato in a kind of saline land according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described matrix, quality group becomes: yellow sand 5 parts, humus soil 4 parts, 4 parts, laterite, fulvic acid 6 parts, sand slabstone 5 parts, calcium-base bentonite 2 parts, acrylic acid/acrylamide copolymerization water-loss reducer 0.6 part.
7. take kind method between dish and potato in a kind of saline land according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the nursery of described expense dish, when height of seedling grows to 7-8cm, when rooting rate reaches 98.4%, transplant.
8. take kind method between dish and potato in a kind of saline land according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: also comprise and prepare base manure, described base manure, the mass ratio of each raw material components is: straw decomposing thing 30 parts, maleic anhydride 35 parts, citric acid 12 parts, 13 parts, nitric acid phosphorus, biochemical fulvic acid 12 parts, humic acid 10 parts, chelated iron 2 parts, chelated zinc 1 part, 14 parts, ammonium sulfate, urea phosphate 14 parts, urease inhibitor 5 parts, zinc chloride 3 parts, shitosan 8 parts.
9. take kind method between dish and potato in a kind of saline land according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: describedly prepare base manure, comprise preparation straw decomposition agent, described straw decomposition agent, the mass ratio of each raw material components is: composite bacteria agent capable 6 parts, 15 parts, lotus seeds, lotus pollen 20 parts, Scenedesmus arcuatus 28 parts.
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| CN106034449A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-10-26 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Method for carrying out original-soil greening on chloride-containing sandy soil by adopting nutritional soil capable of lowering alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen conversion ratio |
| CN106171100A (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2016-12-07 | 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所 | A kind of barren agricultural land soil Study on Fertilizing modification method |
| CN110915559A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-03-27 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for quickly forming lotus pond in soda saline-alkali soil |
| CN111727831A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-10-02 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Potato rhizosphere microdomain acid regulating agent |
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Cited By (4)
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| CN106034449A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-10-26 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Method for carrying out original-soil greening on chloride-containing sandy soil by adopting nutritional soil capable of lowering alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen conversion ratio |
| CN106171100A (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2016-12-07 | 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所 | A kind of barren agricultural land soil Study on Fertilizing modification method |
| CN110915559A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-03-27 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for quickly forming lotus pond in soda saline-alkali soil |
| CN111727831A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-10-02 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Potato rhizosphere microdomain acid regulating agent |
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Application publication date: 20151111 |