CN105000964A - Method for industrial production of agaricus bisporus medium from corn sraw and medium prepared thereby - Google Patents
Method for industrial production of agaricus bisporus medium from corn sraw and medium prepared thereby Download PDFInfo
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- CN105000964A CN105000964A CN201510358981.1A CN201510358981A CN105000964A CN 105000964 A CN105000964 A CN 105000964A CN 201510358981 A CN201510358981 A CN 201510358981A CN 105000964 A CN105000964 A CN 105000964A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for industrial production of an agaricus bisporus medium from corn straw and a medium prepared thereby. Specifically, the invention provides a corn straw medium. The medium contains a first main material, a second main material and auxiliary materials. The first main material contains corn stalk and/or corn cob; the second first main material is fecal material, preferably dried cow dung; and the auxiliary materials include bean meal, gypsum, lime, urea and calcium superphosphate. The invention also provides a method for production of the medium and a method of using the medium to cultivate agaricus bisporus. The medium provided by the invention has the advantages of simple formula and strong operability, etc., makes heavy use of corn straw and/or corn cob, and is of important significance for promoting agricultural ecological cycle and agaricus bisporus industrial cultivation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to for cultivating bisporous mushroom substratum, manufacture the method for described substratum and use the method for described substratum factory culture Twospore Mushroom.
Background technology
Twospore Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) is a kind of edible mushrooms that world's cultivated area is the widest, is a kind of typical careless rotten type edible mushrooms, stores dropping source and stalk resource has huge Exploitative potential to aquaculture.Mechanize, the industrial cultivation technique of current Twospore Mushroom reach its maturity at home, carry out industrialized cultivation especially abroad with the mushroom technology of adopting of the tunnel fermentation technique of advanced person, artificial intelligence.
Crop material is a primary biological resource in production estimation system, for multiple purposes such as feed, fuel, industrial raw material, is also the important matrix of edible mushrooms.The cultivation of agaricus bisporus of European countries is mainly main raw material with wheat straw and chicken manure etc., adopts factory culture pattern to cultivate.China is large agricultural country, agricultural straw resource is very abundant, in the cultivation of agaricus bisporus of traditional mode (manually build heap turning) with straw and maize straw proportion the highest, when carrying out batch production windrow (tunnel fermentation) with maize straw, effect significance difference is in wheat straw, and major cause is that the physicochemical character of maize straw is even unlike wheat straw, ventilation, nutrition are moderate.Research shows: Medium Proportion is one of important factor affecting Twospore Mushroom output, and nutrition in compost, microbe groups and abundance determine the quality of compost fermentation.Contain more glucide and yeast in maize straw, nitrogen content lower (0.33%), lower than wheat straw nitrogen content (0.8%), must modifiedly fill a prescription and manufacture craft with adjustment when batch production makes substratum.
In China's stalk resource, maize straw occupies sizable proportion, and northern area corn area is large, and utilization ratio waits to improve.Along with the transition of China's Twospore Mushroom industry, factory culture will become following developing direction, and the usage quantity of factory culture to stalk is huge.Make full use of maize straw resource, play Twospore Mushroom utilize in circular agriculture pattern stalk resource many, produce the approach that the advantages such as mushroom slag quantity is large, good in economic efficiency are Edible Fungi Industry Developments.And, suit measures to local conditions to use local maize straw resource development Twospore Mushroom industry, all significant with development mushroom industry to Appropriate application agricultural wastes resource.
Compared with traditional mode compost, batch production tunnel like compost has been the important way that Twospore Mushroom substratum is produced, and external ripe heap fertilizer formula is for formula with wheat straw, horsehit and chicken manure.At present, with maize straw be main raw material formula Twospore Mushroom substratum composting technology due to be subject to maize straw the key element such as physicochemical character, nutritive ingredient restriction, also very unstable at present.Such as, CN201410448485.0 discloses a kind of corn stalk bisporous mushroom compost and tunnel zymotechnique thereof, described compost comprises corn stalk, animal dung and gypsum, by dry weight ratio, corn stalk: animal dung: gypsum is 0.5 ~ 1.5:0.3 ~ 1:0.03 ~ 0.1, and disclose described corn stalk bisporous mushroom compost tunnel zymotechnique, described technique comprises the following steps: (1) pre-treatment: by mass parts, mix with animal dung 30 ~ 100 parts after corn stalk 50 ~ 150 parts is cut off, and put into pond of prewetting and prewet, pull out when water ratio reaches 79 ~ 80%, build stockpile, (2) auxiliary material is added: gypsum 3 ~ 10 parts of grinds be sprinkling upon on stockpile and puddle evenly, obtaining base-material, (3) one time fermentation: base-material is proceeded to one time fermentation tunnel, carries out one time fermentation, (4) Secondary Fermentation: the fermentation material completing one time fermentation is proceeded to Secondary Fermentation tunnel, carries out Secondary Fermentation, obtained corn stalk bisporous mushroom compost.But, animal dung described in CN201410448485.0 is not clearly any, in fact, animal dung kind is a lot, and nitrogen content comparison in difference is large, in 1.3-3.2% scope, when building heap, nitrogen content should not be determined, need by rule of thumb, during actually operating, add multiple muck and add the difficulty finding excrement source; In addition, maize straw core easily absorbs water and crust not easily has thorough grasp water containing wax, and the time of prewetting and the water yield are all very important, only emphasize that water content reaches 79-80% and there is certain defect.CN201410530499.7 discloses a kind of bisporous mushroom culture material, 90 parts by weight Corn straw, the chicken manure of 8 weight parts and 2 weight parts of quicklime and appropriate moisture is included in its composition, CN201410530499.7 also discloses the composting method of a kind of bisporous mushroom training material, described method comprises the first step, after corn stalk, the uniform mixing of chicken manure unslaked lime, make corn stalk suction moisture content, then pile squarely stockpile, then 72 hours fermentation that stockpile is banked up; Second step, material after fermentation is put into one time fermentation tunnel, temperature reaches 70-80 DEG C, after being taken grain out of a granary to sun it by three times, fermentation material is placed in Secondary Fermentation tunnel, airtight, after sterilization in 168 hours, nutritional integrators, then cool to 25-28 DEG C, the good bacterial classification of the material mixing that secondary tunnel ferments is put on the bedstead in mushroom room.But CN201410530499.7 existing problems do not add gypsum in formula, and gypsum is the important subsidiary material of reconciling substratum physical structure and the calcareous nutrition of supply mushroom, and does not solve the problem existing for technical scheme of CN201410530499.7.
In order to solve the above problems, contriver is by repeatedly practising and operating, set about from the compatibility of maize straw formula, modulation and tunnel zymotechnique, analyze from multiple parameters such as physicochemical characters, produce the maize straw type substratum that output is filled a prescription close to wheat straw.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of maize straw type substratum in first aspect, and wherein, described substratum comprises the first major ingredient, the second major ingredient and auxiliary material; Described first major ingredient comprises cornstalk and/or corn cob; Described second major ingredient is excrement material, and preferably, described excrement material is dry cow dung; Described accessory package is containing beans pool, gypsum, lime, urea and calcium superphosphate.
The present invention provides a kind of method utilizing maize straw factorial praluction Twospore Mushroom substratum in second aspect, and described Twospore Mushroom substratum is the maize straw type substratum that above-mentioned first aspect provides, and described method comprises the steps:
(1) hybrid modulation step:
With water by described first major ingredient, described second major ingredient and the described auxiliary material hybrid modulation except described gypsum;
(2) one time fermentation step: the material through hybrid modulation is put into one time fermentation tunnel and carries out one time fermentation, and add gypsum;
(3) Secondary Fermentation step: the material through one time fermentation is put into Secondary Fermentation tunnel and carries out Secondary Fermentation; With
(4) discharging.
The present invention provides a kind of cultivating method of Twospore Mushroom in the third aspect, the substratum that described method uses above-mentioned first aspect to provide or produce by the method described in above-mentioned second aspect the substratum obtained and cultivate.
The physicochemical character etc. of substratum (being sometimes referred to as substratum) when the present invention's entirety considers the source of raw material, proportioning and modified, zymotechnique and discharging.Substratum of the present invention has the advantages such as formula is simple and workable, can utilize maize straw, corn cob in a large number, to the circulation of promotion Agro-ecology, promotes that Twospore Mushroom factory culture is significant.This substratum also may be used for the suitable cultivation in season in common heliogreenhouse, simple and easy mushroom room.
Accompanying drawing explanation
That Fig. 1 shows is the modified figure of maize straw batch mixing.
What Fig. 2 showed is drag for material to build heap figure.
What Fig. 3 showed is turn tunnel (taking grain out of a granary to sun it) figure.
That Fig. 4 shows is the figure adding gypsum.
Fig. 5 display be the figure of tunnel sampling survey.
Fig. 6 display be the figure of discharging, wherein obtain substratum finished product.
Fig. 7 display be the figure of corn stalk raw material.
Fig. 8 display be the figure of fruiting.
Embodiment
As mentioned above, the present invention provides a kind of maize straw type substratum in first aspect, and wherein, described substratum comprises the first major ingredient, the second major ingredient and auxiliary material; Described first major ingredient comprises cornstalk and/or corn cob; Described second major ingredient is excrement material, and preferably, described excrement material is dry cow dung; Described accessory package is containing beans pool, gypsum, lime, urea and calcium superphosphate.
Some preferred embodiment in, with the total weight of described first major ingredient and described auxiliary material, described cornstalk is 65% to 75% (is such as 65%, 70% or 75%), described corn cob is 15% to 25% (is such as 15%, 20% or 25%), described dregs of beans is 1.0% to 1.5% (1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4% or 1.5%), described gypsum is 5% to 7% (is such as 5%, 6% or 7%), described lime is 0.6% to 1.0% (is such as 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9% or 1.0%), described urea is 0.6% to 0.7% (is such as 0.6%, 0.65% or 0.70%), described calcium superphosphate is 0.5% to 1.0% (is such as 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9% or 1.0%).
In addition preferably, the gross weight of described first major ingredient and described auxiliary material is in ton, described second major ingredient is in cubic meter, and the ratio of the gross weight of described first major ingredient and described auxiliary material and the volume of described second substratum material is 0.6 ~ 0.8:1, such as, be 0.6:1,0.7:1 or 0.8:1.
In some preferred embodiments, described cornstalk is 71.52%, and described corn cob is 19.51%, and described dregs of beans is 1.30%, and described gypsum is 5.72%, and described lime is 0.78%, and described urea is 0.65%%, and described calcium superphosphate is 0.52%.In addition it is further preferred that the gross weight of described first major ingredient and described auxiliary material is in ton, described second major ingredient is in cubic meter, and the ratio of the gross weight of described first major ingredient and described auxiliary material and the volume of described second substratum material is 0.77:1.
For the first major ingredient, prior art generally adopts forage, and it is the main body of substratum, and ratio occupies more than 90%.But in the present invention, the first major ingredient can use maize straw and/or corn cob, is more preferably maize straw and corn cob, if more fully corn material can be utilized.Such as the first major ingredient can be made up of maize straw and corn cob.
The length of described maize straw is preferably 20cm to 30cm, be such as 20,22,24,26,28,30cm.Preferably, adopt throwing machine to carry out turning 3 times, crust bar so can be made to become the size of about 10-15cm, be particularly suitable for material loading operation and mushroom mycelium sprouting.If oversize, affect material casting uniformity coefficient during turning operation, if more in small, broken bits after too short turning, permeability is deteriorated.
Described corn cob has higher carbon content, and except adjustment carbon-nitrogen ratio, mainly in order to increase space between material, particle is advisable with 1cm to 5cm, such as, be 1,2,3,4 or 5cm, more preferably 3cm to 4cm.The excessive not easily fermentation of corn cob thoroughly, does not too smallly too in small, broken bitsly have ventilative effect.
For the second major ingredient, various excrement material can be used, it is further preferred that use dry excrement material.Dry excrement material refers to the excrement material that water content is less than 30%, the excrement material that such as water content is less than 20%, 15% or 10%.Described excrement material further preferably cow dung, especially dry cow dung.The present inventor finds, when using dry excrement material such as dry cow dung, after dry cow dung moisture absorption, in excrement, microorganism starts to enliven, more easily ferment, start fermenting speed fast, start the effective of fermentation, make one time fermentation process abundant, kill most bacterium, worm's ovum etc.For dry cow dung, the microorganism active of wet cow dung is more weaker.
There is no particular limitation for the form of each auxiliary material, can be all particle or powder type, except gypsum be improve physicochemical character auxiliary material except, other auxiliary materials due to quantity little, little on the direct impact of the physical properties of substratum.
In described auxiliary material, the main purpose of dregs of beans improves nitrogen content, increases protein in material.Gypsum has following three effects: improve structure; Reduce the pH value in pile fermentation process; With the buffer reagent as cultivation, in and mycelial growth formed oxalic acid.The object of adding lime is that pH value is adjusted to alkalescence, and mushroom mycelium likes alkaline environment (pH value 7-8); The crust of softening maize straw and corn cob.The main purpose of adding urea is that the initial base-material of adjustment reaches 1.5 to 1.6% to make its nitrogen content.In addition, in Twospore Mushroom windrow, add calcium superphosphate, the deficiency of phosphorus, calcium element can be supplemented, phosphorus can promote the decomposition active of microorganism simultaneously, be conducive to windrow fermentation maturity, formation ammoniated superphosphate can also be combined by excessive free ammonia in windrow, prevent the loss of ammonia-state nitrogen in compost.Calcium superphosphate is a kind of buffer substance, has the effect improving compost physicochemical character.
The present invention provides a kind of method utilizing maize straw factorial praluction Twospore Mushroom substratum in second aspect, and described Twospore Mushroom substratum is the maize straw type substratum that above-mentioned first aspect provides, and described method comprises the steps:
(1) hybrid modulation step:
With water by described first major ingredient, described second major ingredient and the described auxiliary material hybrid modulation except described gypsum;
(2) one time fermentation step: the material through hybrid modulation is put into one time fermentation tunnel and carries out one time fermentation, and add gypsum;
(3) Secondary Fermentation step: the material through one time fermentation is put into Secondary Fermentation tunnel and carries out Secondary Fermentation; With
(4) discharging.
Some preferred embodiment in, described hybrid modulation step comprises following sub-step and carries out: prewet step; Water suction step; Partial supplementary material adds step; Roll and build heap step;
Wherein, in prewet step, in fermentation vat, water is used to prewet to described second major ingredient;
Wherein, in water suction step, add described corn cob and described lime and stir to allow described corn cob and the water suction of described lime, then add described maize straw and stir to allow described maize straw absorb water;
Wherein, add in step in partial supplementary material, add described beans pool, urea and calcium superphosphate; And
Wherein, roll build heap step in, the material in fermentation vat is carried out rolling building heap, thus completes hybrid modulation.
In some embodiments, in described one time fermentation step, from putting into maize straw and lime, heap raw material will be built at the 6th day and put into one time fermentation tunnel, then respectively at the 9th, 12,15 day, raw material is divided and carries out for 3 times turning tunnel, and add gypsum when turning tunnel at the 9th day.
Some preferred embodiment in, suitably keep the skin wet when taking grain out of a granary to sun it and make the water-content of the raw material after keeping the skin wet remain about 70 % by weight to about 80 % by weight (being such as 70 % by weight, 75 % by weight or 80 % by weight), with the water content of culture material at the end of ensureing Secondary Fermentation 60 % by weight to 70 % by weight (being such as 60 % by weight, 61 % by weight, 62 % by weight, 63 % by weight, 64 % by weight, 65 % by weight, 66 % by weight, 67 % by weight, 68 % by weight, 69 % by weight or 70 % by weight).
In some embodiments, described Secondary Fermentation step comprises following operation successively: material temperature heats up and balances operation, sterilization process, cooling cultivation operation and cultivate operation.
Some preferred embodiment in, described material temperature intensification balance operation is carried out in the following way: close air door after charging and start internal air circulation, when temperature rises to 50 DEG C, throttle opening is adjusted to the aperture of 20%, when temperature rises to 55 DEG C, air door is adjusted to the aperture of 30%.Every 4 to 5 hours throttle opening is adjusted to the aperture 10 minutes of 100% in temperature-rise period, to prevent anaerobism.
Described sterilization process carries out in the following way: when medial temperature reaches 60 DEG C, throttle opening is adjusted to the aperture 10 minutes of 100%, then close air door and start timing, during sterilizing, being adjusted to for the 100% aperture time of 10 minutes discontinuously or constantly by throttle opening.Power of fan 45 kilowatts/hour.
Described cooling is cultivated operation and is carried out in the following way: after sterilization process completes, immediately temperature is dropped to 56 DEG C, and maintenance 8 is little of 10 hours; And then be down to 54 DEG C, and keep 24 hours, delay further and be down to 52 DEG C, and little of 36 hours 52 DEG C of maintenances 24, then be down to 48 DEG C to 50 DEG C, keep 24 hours; Temperature fall is to drop temperature again; Preferably, described drop temperature is 28 DEG C in summer, is 33 DEG C in the winter time.
Some preferred embodiment in, when discharging check be less than 10ppm to guarantee that ammonia remains.
In some more specifically embodiment, described method is carried out as follows.
(1) get the raw materials ready
Prepare for the production of the first major ingredient of described maize straw type substratum, the second major ingredient and auxiliary material.Described first major ingredient comprises cornstalk and/or corn cob; Described second major ingredient is dry cow dung, and described accessory package is containing beans pool, gypsum, lime, urea and calcium superphosphate.With the total weight of described first major ingredient and described auxiliary material, described cornstalk is 71.52%, and described corn cob is 19.51%, described dregs of beans is 1.30%, and described gypsum is 5.72%, and described lime is 0.78%, described urea is 0.65%%, and described calcium superphosphate is 0.52%.The gross weight of described first major ingredient and described auxiliary material is in ton, and described second major ingredient is in cubic meter, and the ratio of the gross weight of described first major ingredient and described auxiliary material and the volume of described second substratum material is 0.77:1.Dry cow dung 40 cubic metres to 50 cubic metres/every batch of material.
(2) mix modified
First cow dung is put into and water is prewetted at fermentation vat, the gross weight of described first major ingredient and described auxiliary material is in ton, described second major ingredient is in cubic meter, prewet use the water yield in ton, the described water yield is 2.5 times to 3.0 times of the sum of the weight of described first major ingredient and the volume of described second major ingredient; Put into corn cob afterwards and lime fully absorbs water one day, then put into maize straw and absorb water one day, forklift stirs repeatedly, within the 3rd day, adds urea, calcium superphosphate, beans pool, and rolls in fermentation vat, within the 4th day, drag for material and build heap, so far mix modified complete.
(3) one time fermentation
Within 6th day, put into one time fermentation tunnel by through the raw material throwing machine of hybrid modulation and forklift.And respectively at the 9th, 12,15 day, raw material is divided and carries out for 3 times take grain out of a granary to sun it (that is, the material in a tunnel being switched the tunnel to another sky), add gypsum when turning tunnel at the 9th day.Operation of at every turn taking grain out of a granary to sun it completed in 4 hours.
(4) Secondary Fermentation
Within 18th day, enter Secondary Fermentation tunnel, due to operation and the fermentation calefaction of taking grain out of a granary to sun it, substratum can lose a small amount of moisture, when therefore taking grain out of a granary to sun it, the water content of raw material is adjusted to water content when putting in storage.Within 25th day, prepare discharging.Secondary Fermentation lasts 7 to 9 days, wherein carries out material temperature intensification balance operation, sterilization process, cooling cultivation operation successively.
Material temperature heats up and balances operation: close air door after charging and start internal air circulation, intensification limit, limit equilibrium temperature (reaching unanimity by giving the temperature of new wind adjustment different loci), when temperature rises to 50 DEG C, throttle opening is adjusted to the aperture of 20%, when temperature rises to 55 DEG C, resh air requirement is enlarged to the aperture of 30%.Every 4 to 5 hours throttle opening is adjusted to the aperture 10 minutes of 100% in temperature-rise period once, to prevent anaerobism.
Sterilization process: when medial temperature reaches 60 DEG C, is adjusted to the aperture 10 minutes of 100% by throttle opening, then close air door and start timing, sterilization time 10 hours, throttle opening being adjusted to 100% aperture 10 minutes during sterilizing.
Operation is cultivated in cooling: after sterilization process completes, immediately temperature is dropped to 56 DEG C, and maintenance 8 is little of 10 hours; And then be down to 54 DEG C, and keep 24 hours, delayed further within 2 day time and be down to 52 DEG C, and little of 36 hours 52 DEG C of maintenances 24, then be down to 48 DEG C to 50 DEG C, keep 24 hours; Temperature fall is to drop temperature again; Preferably, described drop temperature is 28 DEG C in summer, is 33 DEG C in the winter time.
When discharging, check to guarantee that ammonia is less than 10ppm.
Adopt method of the present invention, the excrement material in the substratum after Secondary Fermentation, maize straw change brown or coffee color into by golden yellow or yellow, and the actinomycetes of substratum white are a lot, in canescence, do not have viscosity, tack-free, flexible.Moisture content 62-65%, pH value 7.5-7.7, ammonia lower than 10ppm, nitrogenous 2.1-2.3%, ash content 27-32, carbon-nitrogen ratio 14-16:1.
The present invention provides a kind of cultivating method of Twospore Mushroom in the third aspect, the substratum that described method uses first aspect present invention to provide or is produced the cultivating bisporous mushroom of substratum obtained by the method described in second aspect present invention.
Embodiment
Hereafter will be further detailed the present invention by embodiment, but these embodiments only for the purpose of illustration, should not be construed as limitation of the scope of the invention.
Embodiment is carried out as follows:
(1) get the raw materials ready
Prepare for the production of the first major ingredient of described maize straw type substratum, the second major ingredient and auxiliary material.Described first major ingredient comprises cornstalk and corn cob; The length of maize straw is 25cm, and the particle diameter of corn cob is 3cm.Described second major ingredient is dry cow dung, and its water content is 25%.Described accessory package is containing beans pool, gypsum, lime, urea and calcium superphosphate.The amount of each raw material sees the following form 1.
(2) mix modified
First cow dung is put into and water is prewetted at fermentation vat, the gross weight of described first major ingredient and described auxiliary material is in ton, described second major ingredient is in cubic meter, and the water yield of use of prewetting is in ton, and the described water yield is 2.8 times of the sum of the weight of described first major ingredient and the volume of described second major ingredient; Put into corn cob afterwards and lime fully absorbs water one day, then put into maize straw and absorb water one day, utilize forklift to stir, within the 3rd day, add urea, calcium superphosphate and beans pool, and roll and build heap.Within 4th day, drag for material and build heap, so far mix modified complete, concrete process sees table 1.
(3) one time fermentation
One time fermentation tunnel is put into by through the raw material throwing machine of hybrid modulation and forklift.And respectively at the 9th, 12,15 day, raw material is divided and carries out for 3 times turning tunnel (taking grain out of a granary to sun it), add gypsum when turning tunnel at the 9th day.Operation of at every turn taking grain out of a granary to sun it completed in 4 hours, and owing to taking grain out of a granary to sun it and fermentation calefaction, substratum can lose a small amount of moisture, when taking grain out of a granary to sun it, the water content of raw material is adjusted to about 72 % by weight.
(4) Secondary Fermentation
Material through one time fermentation is transferred to Secondary Fermentation tunnel and carries out Secondary Fermentation, suitably adds water the water content of raw material to be adjusted to water content when putting in storage according to practical situation.Wherein comprise following material temperature intensification balance operation, sterilization process, cooling cultivation operation successively.
Material temperature heats up balance operation: utilize power to be the blower fan of 45 kilowatts/hour, after charging, close air door start internal air circulation, intensification limit, limit equilibrium temperature, reached unanimity by the temperature of different loci in the adjustment tunnel that ventilates, when temperature rises to 50 DEG C, throttle opening is adjusted to the aperture of 20%, when temperature rises to 55 DEG C, by the aperture of air door to 30%.Every 4 hours throttle opening is adjusted to the aperture 10 minutes of 100% in temperature-rise period once, to prevent anaerobism.
Sterilization process: when medial temperature reaches 60 DEG C, is adjusted to the aperture 10 minutes of 100% by throttle opening, then close air door and start timing, sterilization time 10 hours, during sterilizing, throttle opening is adjusted to 100% aperture 10 minutes once.
Operation is cultivated in cooling: after sterilization process completes, immediately temperature is dropped to 56 DEG C, when keeping 9; And then be down to 54 DEG C, keep 24 hours, delayed further within 2 day time and be down to 52 DEG C, and keep 30 hours at 52 DEG C, then be down to 50 DEG C, keep 24 hours; The drop temperature of Temperature fall to 28 DEG C again.
Measure the water content of each stage substratum, pH, carbon content (C%), nitrogen content (N%) calculate culture medium C/N value.Concrete outcome sees table 2 to 6.
Utilize the obtained substratum of aforesaid method to plant Twospore Mushroom in a usual manner, and measure its output, each output sees table 7.
Note: t represents ton.
As can be seen from Table 2, formula 1 terminates to keep higher water content from building heap to Secondary Fermentation always, until fruiting to terminate water content all higher; Formula 4 water content minimum 62.1% at the end of Secondary Fermentation, but in fruiting process, water content lowers speed comparatively slow, illustrates that its water-holding power is good.
As can be seen from Table 3,4 formulas terminate pH change not quite from building heap to Secondary Fermentation, but the fruiting phase significantly reduces, and does not have significant difference between each formula.
As can be seen from Table 4, formula 1 terminates carbon content (%) steady decrease from building heap to Secondary Fermentation, and the fruiting phase continues to reduce, and other 3 formulas are also identical trend.
As can be seen from Table 5, formula 1 terminates the stable rising of nitrogen content (%) from building heap to Secondary Fermentation, and the fruiting phase slowly declines.To fill a prescription, 2 straw and formula 3 mushroom slags and formula 4 nitrogen content at the end of Secondary Fermentation are higher, reach desirable numerical value.
4, table 6 formula culture medium C/N change
As can be seen from Table 6, the C/N ratio at the end of each formula Secondary Fermentation is 15.8-22, and 1 wheat straw of filling a prescription is the highest, and formula 4 is minimum.Usual C/N all belongs to normal range at 15-22, and C/N ratio is little, illustrates that nitrogen content is higher, and substratum nutrition is more abundant.But Twospore Mushroom substratum is except physicochemical character, nutritive ingredient, and good physical structure is very important.Current structural character does not still effectively measure means, and substratum quality finally shows on yield level.
As can be seen from Table 7, formula 1,2,4 yield levels closely, show, formula 4 is after meticulously modified and technique adjustment, nutritive ingredient and physical structure are relatively applicable to the growth of Twospore Mushroom mycelia, obtain the yield level that careless with whole wheat, full straw is substantially identical.
Claims (10)
1. a maize straw type substratum, wherein, described substratum comprises the first major ingredient, the second major ingredient and auxiliary material; Described first major ingredient comprises cornstalk and/or corn cob; Described second major ingredient is excrement material, and preferably, described excrement material is dry cow dung; Described accessory package is containing beans pool, gypsum, lime, urea and calcium superphosphate.
2. substratum according to claim 1, wherein:
With the total weight of described first major ingredient and described auxiliary material, described cornstalk is 65% to 75%, described corn cob is 15% to 25%, described dregs of beans is 1.0% to 1.5%, described gypsum is 5% to 7%, described lime is 0.6% to 1.0%, and described urea is 0.6% to 0.7%, and described calcium superphosphate is 0.5% to 1.0%; And/or
The gross weight of described first major ingredient and described auxiliary material is in ton, and described second major ingredient is in cubic meter, and the ratio of the gross weight of described first major ingredient and described auxiliary material and the volume of described second substratum material is 0.6 ~ 0.8:1.
3. substratum according to claim 2, wherein, described cornstalk is 71.52%, described corn cob is 19.51%, and described dregs of beans is 1.30%, and described gypsum is 5.72%, described lime is 0.78%, and described urea is 0.65%%, and described calcium superphosphate is 0.52%; And/or
The gross weight of described first major ingredient and described auxiliary material is in ton, and described second major ingredient is in cubic meter, and the ratio of the gross weight of described first major ingredient and described auxiliary material and the volume of described second substratum material is 0.77:1.
4. substratum according to any one of claim 1 to 3, wherein:
The length of described maize straw is 20cm to 30cm; And/or
Described corn cob is crushed into the pellet that particle diameter is in 1cm to 5cm scope.
5. utilize a method for maize straw factorial praluction Twospore Mushroom substratum, the maize straw type substratum of described Twospore Mushroom substratum according to any one of described Claims 1-4, described method comprises the steps:
(1) hybrid modulation step:
With water by described first major ingredient, described second major ingredient and the described auxiliary material hybrid modulation except described gypsum;
(2) one time fermentation step: the material through hybrid modulation is put into one time fermentation tunnel and carries out one time fermentation, and add gypsum;
(3) Secondary Fermentation step: the material through one time fermentation is put into Secondary Fermentation tunnel and carries out Secondary Fermentation; With
(4) discharging.
6. method according to claim 5, wherein, described hybrid modulation step comprises following sub-step and carries out: prewet step; Water suction step; Partial supplementary material adds step; Roll and build heap step;
Wherein, in prewet step, in fermentation vat, water is used to prewet to described second major ingredient; Preferably, the gross weight of described first major ingredient and described auxiliary material is in ton, described second major ingredient is in cubic meter, and the water yield of use of prewetting is in ton, and the described water yield is 2.5 times to 3.0 times of the sum of the weight of described first major ingredient and the volume of described second major ingredient;
Wherein, in water suction step, add described corn cob and described lime and stir to allow described corn cob and the water suction of described lime, then add described maize straw and stir to allow described maize straw absorb water;
Wherein, add in step in partial supplementary material, add described beans pool, urea and calcium superphosphate; And
Wherein, roll build heap step in, in fermentation vat, material is rolled and builds heap, thus complete hybrid modulation.
7. the method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein, in described one time fermentation step, from putting into maize straw and lime, heap raw material will be built at the 6th day and put into one time fermentation tunnel, then respectively at the 9th, 12,15 day, raw material is divided and carries out for 3 times turning tunnel, and add gypsum when turning tunnel at the 9th day.
8. the method according to any one of claim 5 to 7, wherein, described Secondary Fermentation step comprises following operation successively: material temperature heats up and balances operation, sterilization process, cooling cultivation operation;
Preferably:
Described material temperature intensification balance operation is carried out in the following way: close air door after charging and start inner air circulation, when temperature rises to 50 DEG C, throttle opening is adjusted to the aperture of 20%, when temperature rises to 55 DEG C, air door is enlarged to the aperture of 30%; Every 4 to 5 hours throttle opening is adjusted to the aperture 10 minutes of 100% in temperature-rise period;
Described sterilization process carries out in the following way: when medial temperature reaches 60 DEG C, throttle opening is adjusted to the aperture 10 minutes of 100%, then close air door start timing, sterilization time 10 hours, during sterilizing, air door is adjusted to the aperture 10 minutes of 100% once; Power of fan 45 kilowatts/hour.
Described cooling is cultivated operation and is carried out in the following way: after sterilization process completes, immediately temperature is dropped to 56 DEG C, and maintenance 8 is little of 10 hours; And then be down to 54 DEG C, and keep 24 hours, delayed further within 2 day time and be down to 52 DEG C, and little of 36 hours 52 DEG C of maintenances 24, then be down to 48 DEG C to 50 DEG C, keep 24 hours; Temperature fall is to drop temperature again; Preferably, described drop temperature is 28 DEG C in summer, is 33 DEG C in the winter time.
9. the method according to any one of claim 5 to 8, wherein, checks when discharging to guarantee that ammonia concentration is less than 10ppm.
10. a cultivating method for Twospore Mushroom, described method uses the substratum according to any one of claim 1 to 4 or the method according to any one of claim 5 to 9 to produce the substratum obtained and cultivates.
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| CN105340583A (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2016-02-24 | 贵州平坝康农生态农业有限公司 | Method for cultivating agaricus bisporus |
| CN105503453A (en) * | 2016-02-22 | 2016-04-20 | 王立丽 | Agaricus bisporus culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN105693393A (en) * | 2016-02-22 | 2016-06-22 | 祥云县品万农业开发有限责任公司 | Novel Agaricus bisporus culture medium |
| CN105850504A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-08-17 | 桂林洁宇环保科技有限责任公司 | Pollution-free high-yield cultivation method for agaricus bisporus |
| CN108094050A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-06-01 | 合肥仙之峰农业科技有限公司 | A kind of cultivation of agaricus bisporus matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN108124691A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-06-08 | 江西明佳生物科技有限公司 | A kind of tunnel fermented manure technique of White mushroom compost |
| CN108934926B (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2020-10-09 | 山东宝力生物质能源股份有限公司 | Crop seedling culture substrate prepared by utilizing pure straw fermentation solid by-product and preparation method thereof |
| CN112021075A (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2020-12-04 | 砀山野居农作物种植专业合作社 | Edible fungus culture medium |
| CN112868471A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-06-01 | 河北环境工程学院 | Mushroom culture medium using plant straw as raw material and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105340583A (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2016-02-24 | 贵州平坝康农生态农业有限公司 | Method for cultivating agaricus bisporus |
| CN105340583B (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2018-06-29 | 贵州平坝康农生态农业有限公司 | A kind of method of cultivating agaricus bisporus |
| CN105503453A (en) * | 2016-02-22 | 2016-04-20 | 王立丽 | Agaricus bisporus culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN105693393A (en) * | 2016-02-22 | 2016-06-22 | 祥云县品万农业开发有限责任公司 | Novel Agaricus bisporus culture medium |
| CN105850504A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-08-17 | 桂林洁宇环保科技有限责任公司 | Pollution-free high-yield cultivation method for agaricus bisporus |
| CN108094050A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-06-01 | 合肥仙之峰农业科技有限公司 | A kind of cultivation of agaricus bisporus matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN108124691A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-06-08 | 江西明佳生物科技有限公司 | A kind of tunnel fermented manure technique of White mushroom compost |
| CN108934926B (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2020-10-09 | 山东宝力生物质能源股份有限公司 | Crop seedling culture substrate prepared by utilizing pure straw fermentation solid by-product and preparation method thereof |
| CN112021075A (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2020-12-04 | 砀山野居农作物种植专业合作社 | Edible fungus culture medium |
| CN112868471A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-06-01 | 河北环境工程学院 | Mushroom culture medium using plant straw as raw material and preparation method thereof |
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